A computer based system of coding for genetic studies of large kindreds

Genealogy data design appropriate for family relationship retrieving

Data structure representing a genealogy or genealogies as a stand-alone date structure is presented. Genealogy is considered as a finite, connected graph with nodes ni representing individuals, arcs (ni, nj), ordered pairs of nodes as parent-offspring relationships and edges (ni, nj), unordered pairs of nodes as twinships. Such structure enables storage of the minimum of family relationships and recognition of them and others like 'ancestor-descendant', 'sibs', 'twins', 'cousins', 'uncle/aunt-nephew/niece' or 'spouses'. Algorithms for genealogy retrieval are classified as vertical, lateral and parallel. In certain combinations, vertical and lateral algorithms become capable of finding any relatives, no matter if they are in a direct 'ancestor-descendant' relationship or if they have only the same ancestor(s). A parallel algorithm is designed in order to search for twins, triplets etc.

Efforts in cancer diagnosis: national task forces--large bowel cancer

Current information from the National Large Bowel Cancer Project and other sources is given concerning new leads and avenues of research that may be used in early diagnosis or possibly in monitoring therapy. The search for biological markers has developed in two general directions: (1) to identify by genetic studies patients with a high probability of developing cancer who will provide insight into biochemical changes as premalignant lesions develop into frankly developed cancer, and (2) to fine differences between tissue and body fluid constituents in normal subjects and patients with cancer. Screening for colon cancer is discussed with a selective diagnostic approach and with emphasis on this approach in early diagnosis of asymptomatic high risk patients.

A genetic register system (RAPID)

Justification is given for establishing a genetic register system as a means of ascertaining and preventing genetic disease. Such a computerized register system, referred to by the acronym `RAPID' (Register for Ascertainment and Prevention of Inherited Disease), has been established in Edinburgh.

The system involves ascertaining individuals in the population at risk of having a child with a serious genetic disorder through various record systems and statutory registers. Procedures for contacting and following up individuals found to be at risk are discussed.

Computer methods for the recording, storage, and retrieval of individual and family data are described.

Because of population mobility and the geographical dispersal of family members a Genetic Register System is more likely to be effective if organized on a national basis and the authors would therefore welcome the collaboration of other geneticists in this venture.