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Dalmolin AC, Silva KR, Dechandt ICJ, Ribeiro KC, Gallo LS, Pochapski MT, Serbena FC, Dos Santos FA. Efficiency of cavitary varnishes containing experimental bioglass particles in the occlusion of dentinal tubules. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00952-y. [PMID: 38769194 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00952-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
This research aims to evaluate the efficiency of cavitary varnishes containing experimental bioglasses in the occlusion of dentinal tubules. One hundred and sixty-eight cervical buccal dentin samples were obtained from bovine teeth. Samples were randomized into the following groups: I. Distilled Water (DW); II. Cavity Varnish (CV); III. Colgate® Sensitive Pro-Relief™ (CS); IV. 45S5 Bioglass (45S5); V. KSr Bioglass strontium potassium (KSr); VI. P Bioglass phosphorus (P); and VII. PSi Bioglass phosphorus silica (PSi). The treatments were applied to the surfaces of the samples, which were then subjected to simulated brushing. The samples were analyzed for a) characterization of bioactive glasses; b) surface roughness; c) descriptive analysis of the dentin surface; d) total versus occluded number of dentinal tubules; e) diameter of the dentinal tubules; f) chemical composition of the dentin surfaces, and g) dentin permeability. All groups treated with biomaterials without the brushing challenge showed an increase in roughness and (total or partial) occlusion of the dentinal tubules. The PSi group had the best values for occlusion, while the KSr group had the highest calcium and phosphorus concentrations. After the brushing challenge the roughness was controlled by the presence of biomaterials; 45S5, KSr, and PSi showed occlusion of the dentin tubules. All bioactive glasses showed reduced tooth permeability compared to distilled water. The PSi group had the smallest tubule diameter and highest phosphorus concentration. KSr and PSi bioglasses are promising materials for dentin occlusion and remineralization and are promising new biomaterials for the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cláudia Dalmolin
- Dentistry Department, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Ave. Carlos Cavalcanti, N. 4748.. Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, PR, Zip Code: 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Kellen Rutes Silva
- Dentistry Department, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Ave. Carlos Cavalcanti, N. 4748.. Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, PR, Zip Code: 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Iolanda Cristina Justus Dechandt
- Physics Department, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Ave. Carlos Cavalcanti, N. 4748. Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, PR, . Zip Code: 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Karen Cristiane Ribeiro
- Physics Department, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Ave. Carlos Cavalcanti, N. 4748. Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, PR, . Zip Code: 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Sant'Ana Gallo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Federal University of Lavras - UFLA, ABI Building, 33 Bureau. , Post Office Box: 3037, Ignácio Valentin. Lavras, MG, Zip Code: 37200-900. , Brazil
| | - Márcia Thaís Pochapski
- Dentistry Department, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Ave. Carlos Cavalcanti, N. 4748.. Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, PR, Zip Code: 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Francisco Carlos Serbena
- Physics Department, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Ave. Carlos Cavalcanti, N. 4748. Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, PR, . Zip Code: 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Fábio André Dos Santos
- Dentistry Department, State University of Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Ave. Carlos Cavalcanti, N. 4748.. Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, PR, Zip Code: 84030-900, Brazil.
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Roriz VM, Santana M, Boaventura VL, Zanotto ED, Peitl Filho O, Dias DR. Efficacy of Biosilicate Glass-ceramic and Fluoride Varnish in the Treatment of Dentin Hypersensitivity-A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Oper Dent 2024; 49:253-261. [PMID: 38632860 DOI: 10.2341/23-077-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of Biosilicate and Duraphat in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity (DH). METHODS AND MATERIALS This clinical trial was conducted with young adults presenting DH. A visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess the level of pain, using volatile and tactile tests. Forty participants presenting two teeth with DH were included, and these teeth were divided into two groups according to the treatment: Biosilicate or Duraphat. Each product was randomly applied on one tooth per participant once a week for 4 weeks and evaluated every 15 days for 60 days after the last application. RESULTS The mean and standard deviation (SD) of VAS values for the initial volatile sensitivity evaluation were 6.18 (1.99) and 6.08 (1.98) for the Biosilicate and Duraphat groups, respectively, and at the fourth week 0.48 (1.5) and 0.83 (1.58). After 60 days, the volatile sensitivity showed the following values: 0.63 (1.19) for Biosilicate and 1.03 (1.07) for Duraphat. The intragroup comparison showed a significant reduction of mean VAS values for DH-related pain assessed by volatile testing for both groups (p<0.001), and the assessment at the 60-day follow-up showed mean values statistically similar to those obtained at the end of treatment. Initial tactile sensitivity observed was 1.48 (2.39) for the Biosilicate and 1.4 (2.2) for the Duraphat group and at the 60-day follow-up 0.23 (0.73) and 0.15 (0.36), respectively, with significant statistical difference (p<0.002). When the reduction in tactile and volatile sensitivities between both groups was compared, no statistically significant difference was observed. CONCLUSION This study indicated that both products were able to promote an important reduction in dentin hypersensitivity with similar results within a 60-day follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Roriz
- Virgílio Moreira Roriz, adjunct professor, Periodontology, Dentistry School, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Goias, Brazil
| | - Mll Santana
- Maria Luiza Lima Santana, MDSc, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Goias, Brazil
| | - V L Boaventura
- Verônica Lima Boaventura, private clinical practice, Anápolis, Goias, Brazil
| | - E D Zanotto
- Edgar Dutra Zanotto, full professor, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - O Peitl Filho
- Oscar Peitl Filho, full professor, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D R Dias
- *Danilo Rocha Dias, adjunct professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dentistry School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais-Brazil
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3
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Xu Y, Pan X, Shen D, Sun Y, Liu W, Lin Y, Fu B, Zhang L. In-depth occlusion of dentine tubules via the application of (poly-L-aspartic acid)‑strontium and phosphate/fluoride to treat dentine hypersensitivity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127780. [PMID: 37907172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Dentine hypersensitivity (DH) is a common oral health issue and occlusion of the exposed dentinal tubules (DTs) is regarded as the most effective therapeutic treatment nowadays. However, it is still difficult to develop easy and effective strategies for deep occlusion of DTs. In this study, we develop a strategy for occluding DTs deeply and compactly via simple application of occlusion media including (poly-L-aspartic acid)‑strontium (PAsp‑strontium) and phosphate/fluoride. The bonding of strontium ions to poly-L-aspartic acid formed a positively charged PAsp‑strontium complexes. After application of 15 min each, the PAsp‑strontium and phosphate/fluoride rapidly penetrated into the DTs in turn via the electrostatic interaction, then occluded the DTs with crystals up to a depth of 150 μm. The occlusion within DTs was resistant to abrasive and acidic challenges. The occlusion media performed better than commercial desensitizers Duraphat and Gluma. Moreover, this strategy possessed sufficient biocompatible and excellent performance in vivo. The application of occlusion media would shed light on in the management of DH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuedan Xu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinni Pan
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongni Shen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye Lin
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baiping Fu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ling Zhang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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4
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Chen Z, Duan Y, Shan S, Sun K, Wang G, Shao C, Tang Z, Xu Z, Zhou Y, Chen Z, Tang R, Pan H, Xie Z. Deep and compact dentinal tubule occlusion via biomimetic mineralization and mineral overgrowth. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:642-652. [PMID: 34935821 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05479a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dentinal tubule (DT) occlusion by desensitizing agents has been widely applied to inhibit the transmission of external stimuli that cause dentin hypersensitivity (DH). However, most desensitizing agents merely accomplish porous blocking or the formation of a superficial tubular occlusion layer, resulting in a lack of mechanical and acid resistance and long-term stability. Herein, combining biomimetic mineralization and mineral overgrowth of the dentinal matrix was shown to effectively occlude DTs, resulting in the formation of a compact and deep occluding mineral layer that is strongly bound to the organic matrix on tubule walls. This DT occlusion method could achieve both mechanical resistance and acid resistance, demonstrating the potential of an inexpensive, long-term, and efficient therapy for treating DH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Yuyan Duan
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Songzhe Shan
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Kaida Sun
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Gang Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Changyu Shao
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhenhang Tang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Zekai Xu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Zhi Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ruikang Tang
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haihua Pan
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Zhijian Xie
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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Göstemeyer G, Woike H, Paris S, Schwendicke F, Schlafer S. Root Caries Preventive Effect of Varnishes Containing Fluoride or Fluoride + Chlorhexidine/Cetylpyridinium Chloride In Vitro. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040737. [PMID: 33916105 PMCID: PMC8065905 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Caries preventive varnishes containing only fluoride might differ from those containing a combination of fluoride and antimicrobial components in terms of mineralization properties and their impact on the cariogenic biofilm. We compared a fluoride and a fluoride + chlorhexidine (CHX)/cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) varnish on root caries formation in vitro. One hundred bovine root dentin samples were allocated to five groups (n = 20/group): (1) 7700 ppm fluoride varnish (Fluorprotector S (F)), (2) experimental placebo varnish for F (F-P), (3) 1400 ppm fluoride + 0.3% CHX/0.5% CPC varnish (Cervitec F (CF)), (4) experimental placebo varnish for CF (CF-P), (5) untreated control. Cariogenic challenge was provided using a multi-station, continuous-culture 3-species (Streptococcus mutans (SM), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR), Actinomyces naeslundii (AN)) biofilm model for 10 days. Mineral loss (ΔZ) was evaluated using transversal microradiography and bacterial counts in the biofilm assessed as colony-forming units. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and confocal microscopy were performed to assess the three-dimensional biofilm architecture. Mean ± SD (vol% × μm) ΔZ was significantly lower for F (9133 ± 758) and CF (9835 ± 1677) compared to control (11362 ± 919) (p < 0.05), without significant differences between F and CF. SM counts were significantly lower and LR counts significantly higher in F- and CF-biofilms compared to control. AN counts were significantly higher in the F-biofilms than in all other groups. According to FISH, SM and LR invaded dentinal tubules only in the control-group. In the CF-group, the basal biofilm layer did not contain SM and AN. Both F and CF varnishes had similar caries-preventive effects and a considerable impact on biofilm structure and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Göstemeyer
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Aßmannshauser Straße 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany; (H.W.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-450-562-328
| | - Helen Woike
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Aßmannshauser Straße 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany; (H.W.); (S.P.)
| | - Sebastian Paris
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Aßmannshauser Straße 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany; (H.W.); (S.P.)
| | - Falk Schwendicke
- Department of Oral Diagnostics, Digital Health and Health Services Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Aßmannshauser Straße 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Sebastian Schlafer
- Section for Oral Ecology and Caries Control, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 9, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;
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Fluoride varnish versus glutaraldehyde for hypersensitive teeth: a randomized controlled trial, meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:209-220. [PMID: 29610982 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2428-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reports indicate Gluma and Duraphat are commonly used in-office agents to treat hypersensitive teeth. Considering this, the aim of this paper is to compare Gluma and Duraphat using a randomized controlled trial, meta-analysis collating evidences from previous studies and trial sequential analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-eight participants were randomized. Hypersensitivity and visual analog scale (VAS) scores were recorded at baseline, 5 min and 7 days. Oral health-related quality of life (OHIP) questionnaire was administered at baseline and 7 days. Statistical analysis was performed to identify significant differences between the variables. For the meta-analysis, electronic data bases were searched and eligible data was extracted and analysed using RevMan 5.0. Trial sequential analysis was performed using O'Brien-Fleming boundary approach for the primary outcome. RESULTS Both agents caused significant reduction in hypersensitivity and VAS score at 5 min and 7 days in the randomized trial with no superiority. The quality of life significantly improved in patients treated with both the agents. Four studies including the present trial in meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis indicated that Gluma produced significant reduction in VAS scores at 7 days. CONCLUSION Gluma produces significant reduction in hypersensitivity at 7 days post treatment compared with Duraphat. There is definite lack of evidence on the long-term effect of these agents. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This paper provides strong evidence on the use of Gluma for hypersensitive teeth. This also is a way forward to future research on long-term effects, adverse effects and cost-effectiveness studies.
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Kuramoto A, Imazato S, Walls AWG, Ebisu S. Inhibition of Root Caries Progression by an Antibacterial Adhesive. J Dent Res 2016; 84:89-93. [PMID: 15615883 DOI: 10.1177/154405910508400116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A dentin primer containing the antibacterial monomer 12-methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide (MDPB) has been shown to penetrate and kill the bacteria in artificially demineralized dentin. We hypothesized that an experimental adhesive system, which incorporates the MDPB-containing primer, would be effective in inhibiting the progression of root caries in vitro. Artificial caries lesions were prepared by either an acid-gel or a Streptococcus mutans culture technique on the roots of extracted human teeth. The progression of these lesions after the application of the experimental or proprietary adhesive system was examined. Further demineralization was completely prevented by the experimental adhesive system, while lesions managed with the proprietary materials showed limited ability to inhibit further demineralization. We conclude that the experimental adhesive system can inhibit the progression of root-surface caries in vitro, through a combination of its antimicrobial activity and sealing of the demineralized dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kuramoto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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8
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Tosun S, Culha E, Aydin U, Ozsevik AS. The combined occluding effect of sodium fluoride varnish and Nd:YAG laser irradiation on dentinal tubules-A CLSM and SEM study. SCANNING 2016; 38:619-624. [PMID: 27062025 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the dentinal tubule occlusion potential and penetration of Clinpro® White Varnish (5% sodium fluoride + tri-calcium phosphate) in the presence or absence of Nd:YAG laser. Seventy-five dentin samples collected from 38 freshly extracted human molars were randomly divided into five groups (n = 15). Groups A, B, D, and E were varnished with Clinpro, whereas group C (no treatment) served as the control group. Groups B and E were further irradiated with Nd:YAG laser (1.5 W, 10 Hz, 1 min). All study groups were subjected to pH cycling (kept in 0.3% citric acid 5 min/day for 5 days). Groups A, B, and C were evaluated for tubule occlusion using scanning electron microscopy. Groups D and E were evaluated for penetration with confocal laser scanning microscopy (SEM). Non-parametric Kruskall-Wallis and Dunn's statistical tests were used for analysis of SEM results. The penetration depths were analyzed with one-way ANOVA followed by Fisher's Least Significant Difference tests. Tubular occlusion of groups A and B were significantly greater than group C (p < 0.05). Tubular occlusion of group B were significantly greater than group A (p < 0.05). Penetration depth for group D was significantly greater than group E (p < 0.05). Laser application improved the tubular occlusion capacity of Clinpro. Contrary, laser reduced the penetration of Clinpro. SCANNING 38:619-624, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samet Tosun
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Emre Culha
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Zirve University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ugur Aydin
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Abdul Semih Ozsevik
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Zhou J, Chiba A, Scheffel DLS, Hebling J, Agee K, Niu LN, Tay FR, Pashley DH. Effects of a Dicalcium and Tetracalcium Phosphate-Based Desensitizer on In Vitro Dentin Permeability. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158400. [PMID: 27359118 PMCID: PMC4928866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effectiveness of a dicalcium and tetracalcium phosphate-based desensitizer in reducing dentin permeability in vitro. Dentin fluid flow was measured before and after treatment of dentin with patent dentinal tubules using 1 or 3 applications of the dicalcium and tetracalcium phosphate containing agent TeethmateTM (TM) and comparing the results with two sodium fluoride varnishes VellaTM (VLA) and VanishTM (VAN), after storage in artificial saliva for 24 h, 48 h and 7 days. Significant differences were observed among the 4 methods employed for reducing dentin permeability (p < 0.001) and the 3 post-treatment times (p < 0.001). VLA and VAN never achieved 50% permeability reductions consistently in any of the 3 time periods. Only the calcium phosphate-based desensitizer applied for 3 times consistently reduced dentin permeability by 50% after 24 h. When applied once, the permeability reduction of TM increased progressively over the 3 time periods. After 7 days, only one and three applications of the calcium phosphate-based desensitizer consistently reduced dentin permeability by more than 50%. Permeability reductions corresponded well with scanning electron microscopy examination of dentinal tubule orifice occlusion in dentin specimens treated with the agents. Overall, the dicalcium and tetracalcium phosphate-based desensitizer is effective in reducing dentin permeability via a tubule occlusion mechanism. The ability of the agent to reduce dentin permeability renders it to be potentially useful as a clinical dentin desensitizing agent, which has to be confirmed in future clinical studies. By contrast, the two sodium fluoride varnishes are not effective in dentin permeability reduction and should be considered as topical fluoride delivering agents rather than tubular orifice-blocking agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Zhou
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ayaka Chiba
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Debora L. S. Scheffel
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara Dental School, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josimeri Hebling
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara Dental School, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kelli Agee
- The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Li-na Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Franklin R. Tay
- The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - David H. Pashley
- The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
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Navarro-Escobar E, Baca P, González-Rodríguez MP, Arias-Moliz MT, Ruiz M, Ferrer-Luque CM. Ex vivo microbial leakage after using different final irrigation regimens with chlorhexidine. J Appl Oral Sci 2013; 21:74-9. [PMID: 23559116 PMCID: PMC3881817 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757201302322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the influence of final irrigation protocols with chlorhexidine in the
coronal leakage of Enterococcus faecalis in filled root
canals. Material and Methods: Seventy single-root canals from extracted teeth were prepared using ProTaper
instruments. The irrigation protocol accomplished an alternating irrigation with 5
mL of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% EDTA between each file. The teeth
were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n=15) according to the final
irrigation regimen: group 1, without final irrigation; group 2, irrigation with 10
mL 2.0% chlorhexidine (CHX); group 3, with a final application of
EC40TM; and group 4, irrigation with the combination (1:1) of 0.2%
CHX + 0.1% cetrimide (CTR). All the teeth were mounted in a two-chamber apparatus
and the coronal access was exposed to E. faecalis. The presence
of turbidity in the BHI broth over a period of 180 days was observed. The Friedman
test was used for statistical analysis. Results: EC40TM varnish showed the least leakage at 180 days, and was
statistically similar to 2% CHX. No significant differences were observed between
the group without final irrigation and the 2% CHX group or 0.2% CHX + 0.1%
CTR. Conclusions: In this ex vivo study, EC40TM showed the longest
delayed coronal leakage of E. faecalis, although without
significant differences from 2% CHX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Navarro-Escobar
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry. University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, Colegio Máximo s/n, Granada, Spain
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11
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Petersson LG. The role of fluoride in the preventive management of dentin hypersensitivity and root caries. Clin Oral Investig 2012; 17 Suppl 1:S63-71. [PMID: 23271217 PMCID: PMC3586140 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-012-0916-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective The objectives were to bring light on fluoride to control dentin hypersensitivity (DHS) and prevent root caries. Materials and methods Search strategy included papers mainly published in PubMed, Medline from October 2000 to October 2011. Results Fluoride toothpaste shows a fair effect on sensitive teeth when combined with dentin fluid-obstructing agents such as different metal ions, potassium, and oxalates. Fluoride in solution, gel, and varnish give an instant and long-term relief of dentin and bleaching hypersensitivity. Combined with laser technology, a limited additional positive effect is achieved. Prevention of root caries is favored by toothpaste with 5,000 ppm F and by fluoride rinsing with 0.025–0.1 % F solutions, as the application of fluoride gel or fluoride varnish three to four times a year. Fluoride measures with tablets, chewing gum, toothpick, and flossing may be questioned because of unfavorable cost effectiveness ratio. Conclusion Most fluoride preparations in combination with dentin fluid obstruction agents are beneficial to reduce DHS. Prevention of root caries is favorable with higher fluoride concentrations in, e.g., toothpaste. Clinical relevance Fluoride is an effective agent to control DHS and to prevent root caries particularly when used in higher concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars G Petersson
- Department of Community Dentistry, Maxillofacial Unit, Halland Hospital, Region Halland, SE 301 85, Halmstad, Sweden.
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12
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Arias-Moliz MT, Ferrer-Luque CM, González-Rodríguez MP, Navarro-Escobar E, de Freitas MFA, Baca P. Antimicrobial activity and enterococcus faecalis biofilm formation on chlorhexidine varnishes. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2012; 17:e705-9. [PMID: 22322495 PMCID: PMC3476037 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.17680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate, in vitro, the antimicrobial activity and biofilm formation of three chlorhexidine varnishes in four Enterococcus faecalis strains: E. faecalis ATCC 29212, E. faecalis EF-D1 (from failed endodontic treatment), E. faecalis 072 (cheese) and E. faecalis U-1765 (nosocomial infection), and one Enterococcus durans strain (failed endodontic treatment).
Study Design: The direct contact test was used to study the antimicrobial activity. Bacterial suspensions were exposed for one hour to EC40, Cervitec (CE) and Cervitec Plus (CEP) varnishes. “Eradication” was defined as 100% bacterial kill. The formation of enterococci biofilms was tested on the surface of the varnishes after 24 hours of incubation and expressed as percentage of biofilm reduction.
Results: EC40 eradicated all strains except E. faecalis ATCC 29212, where 98.78% kill was achieved. CE and CEP showed antimicrobial activity against all the strains, but most clearly against E. durans and E. faecalis 072. EC40 completely inhibited the formation of biofilm of E. faecalis ATCC 29212, E. faecalis 072 and E. durans. CE and CEP led to over 92% of biofilm reduction, except in the case of E. faecalis U-1765 on CEP (76.42%).
Conclusion: The three varnishes studied were seen to be effective in killing the tested strains of enterococci and in inhibiting the formation of biofilm, the best results being observed with EC40.
Key words:Biofilm, chlorhexidine varnish, direct contact test, Enterococcus durans, Enterococcus faecalis, intracanal medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Teresa Arias-Moliz
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, Colegio Máximo s/n, Granada, Spain.
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13
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Castillo JL, Rivera S, Aparicio T, Lazo R, Aw TC, Mancl LL, Milgrom P. The short-term effects of diammine silver fluoride on tooth sensitivity: a randomized controlled trial. J Dent Res 2010; 90:203-8. [PMID: 21118796 DOI: 10.1177/0022034510388516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth sensitivity is a common clinical problem. This multi-center randomized clinical trial assessed the effectiveness and safety of topical diammine silver fluoride. From two sites (Lima and Cusco, Peru), 126 adults with at least one tooth sensitive to compressed air were randomly assigned to either the experimental treatment or sterile water, and pain was assessed by means of a 100-mm visual analogue scale at 24 hours and 7 days. The diammine silver fluoride reduced pain at 7 days at both sites. At the Lima site, the average change in pain scores between baseline and day 7 for the silver fluoride group was -35.8 (SD = 27.7) mm vs. 0.4 (SD = 16.2) mm for the control group (P < 0.001). In Cusco, the average change in pain scores for the silver fluoride group was -23.4 (SD = 21.0) mm and -5.5 (18.1) mm for the control group (P = 0.002). No tissue ulceration, white changes, or argyria was observed. A small number of participants in the silver fluoride group experienced a mild but transient increase in erythema in the gingiva near the tooth. No changes were observed in the Gingival Index. We concluded that diammine silver fluoride is a clinically effective and safe tooth desensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Castillo
- School of Dentistry, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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14
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Ozen T, Orhan K, Avsever H, Tunca YM, Ulker AE, Akyol M. Dentin hypersensitivity: a randomized clinical comparison of three different agents in a short-term treatment period. Oper Dent 2009; 34:392-8. [PMID: 19678443 DOI: 10.2341/08-118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dentin hypersensitivity, or what patients may describe as "sensitive teeth," is defined as a short, sharp pain arising from exposed dentin in response to thermal, evaporative, tactile, electrical, osmotic or chemical stimuli. It is widely accepted that dentin hypersensitivity is an uncomfortable condition that also affects function and quality of life. This study determines the differences in efficiency of three desensitizing products when compared with a placebo. METHODS A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted to compare three different professional dentin desensitizer agents in 52 patients. The age and sex of the patients was recorded. Gluma Desensitizer (Heraeus Kulzer), UltraEZ (Ultradent Products, Inc) and Duraphat (Colgate Oral Pharmaceuticals, Inc, New York, NY, USA) were used as desensitizer agents and distilled water was used as the placebo. The baseline measurement of the dentin hypersensitivity was made by using a visual analog scale (VAS). Twenty-four hours and seven days after application of the desensitizer agents and placebo, a new VAS analysis was conducted for patients' sensitivity level. The desensitizer agents were compared in terms of mean values, and ANOVA was used for testing differences among the groups (p<0.05). RESULTS The results showed that the mean pain scores of the placebo group were significantly higher than that of the study groups (p<0.05). The VAS analysis revealed a significant decrease in dentin hypersensitivity over time with the use of agents (p<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found among the three desensitizing agents (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS These three desensitizing agents, which contain different active ingredients, were effective in relieving dentin hypersensitivity. However, no superiority was found in dentin sensitivity relief among the agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ozen
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, School of Dentistry, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
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15
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Effect of chlorhexidine-thymol varnish on root caries in a geriatric population: A randomized double-blind clinical trial. J Dent 2009; 37:679-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Revised: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 05/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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16
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Korkmaz Y, Baseren M. Effect of Antibacterial Varnishes Applied to Root Dentin on Shear Bond Strength of Tooth-colored Restorative Materials. Oper Dent 2008; 33:65-71. [DOI: 10.2341/07-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Clinical RelevanceThe application of antibacterial varnish affects the shear bond strength of tooth-colored restorative materials after six months.
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17
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Ersin NK, Uzel A, Aykut A, Candan U, Eronat C. Inhibition of cultivable bacteria by chlorhexidine treatment of dentin lesions treated with the ART technique. Caries Res 2006; 40:172-7. [PMID: 16508277 DOI: 10.1159/000091120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2005] [Accepted: 07/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the changes in the cultivable microflora of carious dentin before and after atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) and investigate the inhibitory effect of chlorhexidine-gluconate-based cavity disinfectant in the microflora. Using a split mouth design, 35 primary molar pairs with class II carious lesions in 35 patients (mean age 7.31+/-0.47 years) were selected. The total viable counts (TVC), Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli were first measured in the center of the infected demineralized lesion and then from the hard dentine after caries removal by the ART technique. Chlorhexidine-gluconate (2%)-based cavity disinfectant was applied to one of the molar pairs and the other molar received no disinfectant treatment. Thereafter, all of the teeth were restored with glass ionomer cement (GIC). Cavities were reassessed after 6 months and again dentine samples were microbiologically investigated. Removal of carious dentine by ART significantly reduced TVC, S. mutans and lactobacilli. After 6 months, application of chlorhexidine exhibited a greater significant reduction in TVC (p=0.013), and a significant reduction in S. mutans compared to the nondisinfected group (p<0.001). A significant reduction in lactobacilli counts was observed in both groups after 6 months, but the difference between the disinfected and nondisinfected groups was not significant (p=0.056). ART was found to be effective in reducing the cultivable microflora and chlorhexidine-gluconate-based cavity disinfectant might serve as a suitable additional agent in inhibiting the residual bacteria in the dentine.
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18
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GILLAM D, ORCHARDSON R. Advances in the treatment of root dentine sensitivity: mechanisms and treatment principles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-1546.2006.00209.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cosyn J, Wyn I, De Rouck T, Collys K, Bottenberg P, Matthijs S, Sabzevar MM. Short-term anti-plaque effect of two chlorhexidine varnishes. J Clin Periodontol 2005; 32:899-904. [PMID: 15998276 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2005.00787.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlorhexidine (CHX) varnishes have been mainly used for the prevention of caries in high-risk populations. Reports regarding their anti-plaque effect on a clinical level are limited to non-existing as opposed to their microbiological impact on plaque formation. AIM The aim of this preliminary investigation was to evaluate the anti-plaque effect of two CHX varnishes applied on sound enamel in relation to a positive control, a negative control and to one another. METHODS Sixteen healthy subjects volunteered for this randomized-controlled, single-blind, four-treatment-four-period crossover-designed clinical trial. A 3-day plaque re-growth model was used to determine de novo plaque accumulation following CHX rinsing, Cervitec application, EC40 application and no therapy. The amount of plaque was measured using the Quigley and Hein plaque index and "automatic image analysis" (AIA). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Varnish treatment resulted in significantly higher plaque levels than CHX rinsing irrespective of the varnish that was used (p< or =0.002), implying that the latter is likely to remain the gold standard as an anti-plaque agent. However, highly significant differences were also found in favour of both varnish systems when compared with no therapy (p<0.001), which indicates that varnish treatment is an effective means of inhibiting plaque formation in a short time span. Cervitec exhibited slightly, yet significantly, higher plaque levels in comparison with EC40 as determined by AIA (p=0.006). Large-scale trials with a longer observation period are necessary to substantiate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Cosyn
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.
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20
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Kumar NG, Mehta DS. Short-Term Assessment of the Nd:YAG Laser With and Without Sodium Fluoride Varnish in the Treatment of Dentin Hypersensitivity – A Clinical and Scanning Electron Microscopy Study. J Periodontol 2005; 76:1140-7. [PMID: 16018757 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2005.76.7.1140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to evaluate clinically and under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the efficacy of Nd:YAG laser irradiation alone and in combination with 5% sodium fluoride varnish in the management of dentin hypersensitivity. METHODS The study was conducted on 40 patients divided into four groups who had at least one tooth of Grade III mobility with clinically elicitable dentin hypersensitivity. Following the pretreatment assessment of hypersensitivity using the visual analog scale (VAS) and cold air blast test, the selected tooth in all the groups received 1% citric acid treatment for 1 minute. Group 1 patients received no further treatment; group 2, 3, and 4 patients received additional treatment with 5% sodium fluoride varnish, Nd:YAG laser for 2 minutes, and a combination of 5% sodium fluoride varnish and Nd:YAG laser, respectively. Two hours following treatment, hypersensitivity was again assessed, and the teeth were extracted, sectioned, and scanned using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS The mean VAS score in group 1 showed a 27% increase from baseline, but groups 2, 3, and 4 showed a decrease of 33%, 44%, and 62%, respectively. The mean cold air blast score showed a 22% increase in group 1, but values decreased by 43%, 50%, and 83% in groups 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The number of patent tubules also progressively decreased from group 1 through group 4. CONCLUSIONS The combination of Nd:YAG laser and 5% sodium fluoride varnish seems to show an impressive efficacy, when compared to either treatment alone, in treating dentin hypersensitivity. The SEM findings seem to relate to the clinical findings in that reduction in number/patency of tubules was associated with improvement in treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gautham Kumar
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere-577004, Karnataka State, India
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21
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Hong L, Ettinger RL, Watkins CA, Wefel JS. In vitro evaluation of fluoride varnish on overdenture abutments. J Prosthet Dent 2003; 89:28-36. [PMID: 12589283 DOI: 10.1067/mpr.2003.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM No clinical study has evaluated the efficacy of fluoride varnish as a topical fluoride agent for the protection of overdenture abutments from dental caries. PURPOSE This study assessed the efficacy of a fluoride varnish in protecting overdenture abutments from demineralization in an in vitro environment. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighty caries-free, extracted teeth were sectioned and domed immediately below the cementoenamel junction, simulating overdenture abutment preparations. Acid resistant nail varnish was painted on all surfaces except for a window (1 x 4 mm) on the prepared occlusal dentin surfaces. Teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups of 20 specimens: control, washed with deionized/distilled water; Daily Gel, treated with Karigel-N (5,000 ppm) for 4 minutes daily; Weekly Gel, treated with Karigel-N for 4 minutes weekly; and Weekly Varnish, treated with Duraflor (22,600 ppm) weekly. The varnish was removed using a blade 24 hours after each application to simulate the clinical loss of the varnish. Teeth were then placed in a cycle of demineralization (2.2 mMol/L CaCl(2)2H(2)O, 2.2 mMol/L KH(2)PO(4), and 50 mMol/L acetic acid at pH 4.3) for 6 hours and remineralization (1.5 mMol/L CaCl(2)2H(2)O, 0.9 mMol/L KH(2)PO(4), and 150 mMol/L KCl at pH 7.0 for 17 hours) for 21 days. Half the teeth in each group were brushed with no dentifrice for 10 seconds, twice daily. Teeth were sectioned at 100 +/- 10 microm buccolingually and evaluated under polarized light microscopy and contact microradiography. The depth of each lesion and the width of the remineralization bands were measured (mm). Analysis of variance models and T-tests were used to assess the effects of different treatments (alpha=.05). Duncan multiple range tests were then chosen as post hoc tests to evaluate the statistical significance of all pairwise comparisons. RESULTS The control group had the deepest lesions (mean depth 400 +/- 39 microm). The lesions from the varnish and daily gel groups were significantly shallower than the lesions in both the control group and the weekly gel group. The remineralization bands in the varnish group were 52% wider than the control group bands. However, the daily gel group had the largest increase in band width (117% increase) compared with the control group. There were significant differences between all groups for net depth (lesion depth minus the remineralization band) (P<.0001). Daily application of fluoride gel was significantly more effective than the other treatments tested. Brushing was not a significant factor. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this in vitro study, treatment of overdenture abutment with various topical fluorides significantly inhibited demineralization and enhanced remineralization of cut occlusal dentin surfaces. Daily use of Karigel-N was the most effective treatment, followed by the weekly application of Duraflor varnish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hong
- School of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52246, USA
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22
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Imazato S, Walls AWG, Kuramoto A, Ebisu S. Penetration of an antibacterial dentine-bonding system into demineralized human root dentine in vitro. Eur J Oral Sci 2002; 110:168-74. [PMID: 12013562 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0722.2002.11221.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the penetration of three proprietary dentine-bonding agents (Prime & Bond 2.1, Single Bond, Liner Bond 2) and experimental dentine-bonding systems incorporating an antibacterial monomer, 12-methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide (MDPB), into artificial root caries lesions was evaluated, and the bactericidal activity of each material against Streptococcus mutans or Lactobacillus casei impregnated into demineralized dentine blocks was assessed. All of the commercial dentine-bonding agents were capable of penetrating into the artificial carious lesions to more than 150 microm. The depth of penetration of the experimental systems, which were based on Liner Bond 2, was not significantly different from that of their parent product. Liner Bond 2 primer exhibited the greatest bactericidal effects among the three proprietary dentine-bonding agents tested. Bactericidal activities of experimental primers containing MDPB were greater than those of any other products, and the application of 4% MDPB-containing primer resulted in complete killing of bacteria in demineralized dentine. The results indicate that the penetration of dentine-bonding agents into extensively demineralized root dentine is possible in vitro, and the experimental dentine-bonding systems containing the antibacterial monomer MDPB are capable of killing bacteria within demineralized dentine. This could be of benefit when managing root caries lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Imazato
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan.
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23
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Of all chemical plaque control agents, chlorhexidine digluconate has proven to be the most effective and safe. Since 1964, varnishes have been used for local delivery of fluor and are reported to be an effective and easy to use vehicle. During the past decade, varnishes for local delivery of antimicrobial agents have been developed and investigated in vitro and in vivo. AIM In this paper, the existing literature on the use of 3 different chlorhexidine varnishes in different fields in dentistry is reviewed. METHOD In vitro results concerning the release of the antimicrobial agents are compared for the 3 different varnish formulations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Clinical reports on the efficacy of controlled-release systems in altering cariogenic and periodontopathic microflora are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Matthijs
- Free University of Brussels, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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24
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Itthagarun A, King NM, Wefel JS, Tay FR, Pashley DH. The effect of fluoridated and non-fluoridated rewetting agents on in vitro recurrent caries. J Dent 2001; 29:255-73. [PMID: 11525227 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-5712(01)00014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the in vitro caries inhibiting potential of fluoridated and non-fluoridated rewetting agents that are applied to acid-etched enamel and dentine before the use of a water-free, dentine adhesive. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve caries-free premolars were divided into three groups of four teeth each. 2 x 3 x 1.5 mm cavities were prepared on the mesial and distal surfaces of each tooth, with half of the cavosurface margin in enamel and half in root dentine. In Group I (control), One-Step (Bisco, Schaumburg, USA) was applied without etching or rewetting agents. In Group II, cavities were acid-etched, rinsed, dried, and rewetted with Aqua-Prep (Bisco), a non-fluoridated rewetting agent, and then bonded with One-Step. Treatment for Group III was similar to Group II, except that Aqua-Prep F (Bisco), a fluoridated rewetting agent was used. Bonded cavities were restored with a non-fluoride-containing flowable composite (AEliteFlo, Bisco). Artificial carious lesions were induced in these specimens, from which multiple 100+/-20 microm thick longitudinal sections were prepared, yielding 16 specimens per group for evaluation with polarised light microscopy (PLM) and microradiography (MRG). Representative sections were processed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination and scanning transmission electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray (STEM/EDX) analyses. RESULTS The differences in demineralisation of dentine among the groups were not statistically significant for 'relative' lesion depth (p > 0.05, ANOVA, Student-Neuman-Keuls test), but highly significant for 'relative' lesion area (p < 0.001). Wall lesions were consistently present in Group I, while inhibition zones were invariably observed in Group III. 87.5% of Group II specimens exhibited neither wall lesion nor inhibition zone. TEM showed that remnant dentine apatite crystallites within the inhibition zones in Group III were larger and denser than those present within the corresponding wall lesions. STEM/EDX analyses confirmed the presence of calcium, phosphorus and fluorine in these plate-like crystallites. CONCLUSION When used with a water-free, single-bottle dentine adhesive, a non-fluoridated rewetting agent is able to reduce, but cannot completely prevent recurrent caries. The use of a fluoridated rewetting agent is useful under the situation when microleakage occurs, by providing the additional benefit of fluoride-induced demineralisation inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Itthagarun
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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25
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Beltrán-Aguilar ED, Goldstein JW, Lockwood SA. Fluoride varnishes. A review of their clinical use, cariostatic mechanism, efficacy and safety. J Am Dent Assoc 2000; 131:589-96. [PMID: 10832252 DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.2000.0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is a review of the clinical use, cariostatic mechanism, efficacy, safety and toxicity of fluoride varnishes. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED The authors reviewed and summarized in vitro, in vivo and in situ studies; clinical trials; demonstration programs; position papers; and editorials published in English in the biomedical literature since 1966. RESULTS Extensive laboratory research and clinical trials conducted in Europe and elsewhere show that fluoride varnishes are as efficacious as other caries-preventive agents. Fluoride varnishes are widely used in European caries-preventive programs. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has cleared these products only as medical devices to be used as cavity liners and for the treatment of hypersensitive teeth. These products have not yet been cleared for marketing in the United States as caries-preventive agents. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Three fluoride varnishes are currently available in the United States. Semiannual applications are the most proven treatment regimen. Varnishes are safe and easy to apply and set in contact with intraoral moisture.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Beltrán-Aguilar
- Surveillance, Investigations and Research Branch, Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC-DOH, Chamblee, Ga. 30341, USA
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26
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Hossain M, Nakamura Y, Kimura Y, Ito M, Yamada Y, Matsumoto K. Acquired acid resistance of dental hard tissues by CO2 laser irradiation. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LASER MEDICINE & SURGERY 1999; 17:223-6. [PMID: 11199827 DOI: 10.1089/clm.1999.17.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This investigation was performed to evaluate the effect of CO2 laser irradiation on the acquired acid resistance of dental hard tissues to artificial caries-like formation and the ultrastructure of lased areas was morphologically investigated in vitro. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA In recent years, many studies have been carried out to evaluate the effect of the CO2 laser on the enhanced resistance to artificial caries formation of enamel. However, a limited number of papers concerning its effect on dentin have been published. METHODS A CO2 laser of 10.6 microns wavelength was used to irradiate human enamel and dentin samples from 20 extracted human molar teeth, and samples were subjected to 2 microliters of 0.1 M lactic acid solution (pH 4.8) for 24 h at 36 degrees C. The parts per million (ppm) of calcium ion (Ca2+) dissolved in each solution was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and the morphological changes were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS The lowest mean Ca2+ ppm was recorded in the samples irradiated at 3 W, followed by 2 W, 1 W, and unlased samples. SEM observation showed that the lased areas were melting with solidification of the smear layer. Even after acid demineralization, the lased surfaces were almost unchanged. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggested that CO2 laser irradiation could sufficiently melt and solidify the enamel and dentin surfaces and thus enhance resistance to artificial caries-like formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hossain
- Department of Endodontics, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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Netuschil L, Reich E, Unteregger G, Sculean A, Brecx M. A pilot study of confocal laser scanning microscopy for the assessment of undisturbed dental plaque vitality and topography. Arch Oral Biol 1998; 43:277-85. [PMID: 9839703 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9969(97)00121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Confocal microscopy and vital fluorescence techniques were combined for the first time to investigate ex vivo human dental plaque. The vital fluorescence technique used discriminates vital from dead cells, while confocal laser scanning microscopy allows the optical sectioning of undisturbed biofilms leaving the samples intact during analysis. The concomitant use of both methods made an examination of the three-dimensional architecture of dental plaque possible. The topography of plaque biofilms that were allowed to accumulate in situ on glass and enamel was recorded. The distribution of plaque microflora vitality as well as its accumulation varied according to plaque age. A plaque thickness of up to 8, 35 and 45 microm was estimated ex vivo on enamel after 1, 2 and 3 days, respectively. Young and sparse plaque biofilms consisted mainly of dead material. Vital bacteria were observed on top of this dead layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Netuschil
- Dental School, University of the Saarland, Homburg, Germany
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