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Martagon AJ, Zubirán R, González-Arellanes R, Praget-Bracamontes S, Rivera-Alcántara JA, Aguilar-Salinas CA. HDL abnormalities in type 2 diabetes: Clinical implications. Atherosclerosis 2024; 394:117213. [PMID: 37580206 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) represents the primary cause of mortality among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). In this population, High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) particles exhibit abnormalities in number, composition, and function, culminating in diminished anti-atherosclerotic capabilities despite normal HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations. Hyperglycemic conditions contribute to these alterations in HDL kinetics, composition, and function, causing T2DM patients' HDL particles to exhibit decreased concentrations of diverse lipid species and proteins. Treatment of hyperglycemia has the potential to correct abnormal HDL particle attributes in T2DM; however, pharmacological interventions, including metformin and thiazolidinediones, yield inconsistent outcomes with respect to HDL-C concentrations and functionality. Despite numerous attempts with diverse drugs, pharmacologically augmenting HDL-C levels has not resulted in clinical benefits in mitigating ASCVD risk. In contrast, reducing Low Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) via statins and ezetimibe has demonstrated significant efficacy in curtailing CVD risk among T2DM individuals. Promising results have been observed in animal models and early-phase trials utilizing recombinant HDL and Lecitin Cholesterol Acyl Transferase (LCAT) -enhancing agents, but the evaluation of their efficacy and safety in large-scale clinical trials is ongoing. While aberrant HDL metabolism constitutes a prevalent aspect of dyslipidemia in T2DM, HDL cholesterol concentrations and composition no longer offer valuable insights for informing therapeutic decisions. Nevertheless, HDL metabolism remains a critical research area in T2DM, necessitating further investigation to elucidate the role of HDL particles in the development of diabetes-associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandro J Martagon
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico; Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, México City, Mexico; Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, México City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Zubirán
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | | | - Samantha Praget-Bracamontes
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico; Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico; Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, México City, Mexico; Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Zhang Y, Luo S, Gao Y, Tong W, Sun S. High-Density Lipoprotein Subfractions Remodeling: A Critical Process for the Treatment of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases. Angiology 2024; 75:441-453. [PMID: 36788038 DOI: 10.1177/00033197231157473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that a low level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is an independent biomarker of cardiovascular disease. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is considered to be a protective factor for atherosclerosis (AS). Therefore, raising HDL-C has been widely recognized as a promising strategy to treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). However, several studies have found that increasing HDL-C levels does not necessarily reduce the risk of ASCVD. HDL particles are highly heterogeneous in structure, composition, and biological function. Moreover, HDL particles from atherosclerotic patients exhibit impaired anti-atherogenic functions and these dysfunctional HDL particles might even promote ASCVD. This makes it uncertain that HDL-raising therapy will prevent and treat ASCVD. It is necessary to comprehensively analyze the structure and function of HDL subfractions. We review current advances related to HDL subfractions remodeling and highlight how current lipid-modifying drugs such as niacin, statins, fibrates, and cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors regulate cholesterol concentration of HDL and specific HDL subfractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shiyu Luo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wenjuan Tong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shaowei Sun
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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3
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Jia C, Wu W, Lu H, Liu J, Chen S, Liang G, Zhou Y, Yu S, Qiao L, Chen J, Tan N, Liu Y, Chen J. Fibrinogen to HDL-Cholesterol ratio as a predictor of mortality risk in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:86. [PMID: 38528580 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is characterized by inflammation, oxidative stress, and atherosclerosis, contributing to increased mortality risk. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) takes a crucial part in mitigating atherosclerosis and inflammation through its diverse functionalities. Conversely, fibrinogen is implicated in the development of atherosclerotic plaques. However, the mortality risk predictive capacity of fibrinogen to HDL-cholesterol ratio (FHR) in AMI patients remains unexplored. This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of FHR for mortality risk prediction in relation to AMI. METHODS A retrospective study involving 13,221 AMI patients from the Cardiorenal ImprovemeNt II cohort (NCT05050877) was conducted. Baseline FHR levels were used to categorize patients into quartiles. The assessment of survival disparities among various groups was conducted by employing Kaplan‒Meier diagram. Cox regression was performed for investigating the correlation between FHR and adverse clinical outcomes, while the Fine-Gray model was applied to evaluate the subdistribution hazard ratios for cardiovascular death. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 4.66 years, 2309 patients experienced all-cause death, with 1007 deaths attributed to cardiovascular disease (CVD). The hazard ratio (HR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) for cardiac and all-cause death among individuals in the top quartile of FHR were 2.70 (1.99-3.65) and 1.48 (1.26-1.75), respectively, in comparison to ones in the first quartile, after covariate adjustment. Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed that FHR was linearly correlated with all-cause mortality, irrespective of whether models were adjusted or unadjusted (all P for nonlinearity > 0.05). CONCLUSION AMI patients with increased baseline FHR values had higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, regardless of established CVD risk factors. FHR holds promise as a valuable tool for evaluating mortality risk in AMI patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION The Cardiorenal ImprovemeNt II registry NCT05050877.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congzhuo Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wanying Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Huan Lu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Cardiology, Yangjiang People's Hospital, Yangjiang, 529500, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shiqun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Global Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou, 510100, China
| | - Guoxiao Liang
- The School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Sijia Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Linfang Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jinming Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ning Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Jiyan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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4
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Denimal D. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Functions of High-Density Lipoprotein in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:57. [PMID: 38247481 PMCID: PMC10812436 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that play an important role in preventing the development of atherosclerotic lesions and possibly also diabetes. In turn, both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are susceptible to having deleterious effects on these HDL functions. The objectives of the present review are to expound upon the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions of HDLs in both diabetes in the setting of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and discuss the contributions of these HDL functions to the onset of diabetes. (2) Methods: this narrative review is based on the literature available from the PubMed database. (3) Results: several antioxidant functions of HDLs, such as paraoxonase-1 activity, are compromised in T2D, thereby facilitating the pro-atherogenic effects of oxidized low-density lipoproteins. In addition, HDLs exhibit diminished ability to inhibit pro-inflammatory pathways in the vessels of individuals with T2D. Although the literature is less extensive, recent evidence suggests defective antiatherogenic properties of HDL particles in T1D. Lastly, substantial evidence indicates that HDLs play a role in the onset of diabetes by modulating glucose metabolism. (4) Conclusions and perspectives: impaired HDL antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions present intriguing targets for mitigating cardiovascular risk in individuals with diabetes. Further investigations are needed to clarify the influence of glycaemic control and nephropathy on HDL functionality in patients with T1D. Furthermore, exploring the effects on HDL functionality of novel antidiabetic drugs used in the management of T2D may provide intriguing insights for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Denimal
- Unit 1231, Center for Translational and Molecular Medicine, University of Burgundy, 21000 Dijon, France;
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, 21079 Dijon, France
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5
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Huang Y, Zhang J, Zhao Q, Hu X, Zhao H, Wang S, Wang L, Jiang R, Wu W, Liu J, Yuan P, Gong S. Impact of reduced apolipoprotein A-I levels on pulmonary arterial hypertension. Hellenic J Cardiol 2023:S1109-9666(23)00195-1. [PMID: 37940001 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The significance of apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) is the anti-inflammatory functional component of high-density lipoprotein, which needs to be further studied in relation to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This study aimed to identify the predictive value of ApoA-1 on the risk and prognosis of PAH, as well as the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanism. METHODS Proteomic analysis was conducted on lung tissue from 6 PAH patients and 4 lung donors. Prediction of risk and mortality risk factors associated with PAH in 343 patients used logistic analysis and Cox regression analysis, respectively. The protective function of ApoA-I was assessed in human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (HPAEC), while its anti-inflammatory function was evaluated in THP-1 macrophages. RESULTS In the lung tissues of patients with PAH, 168 differentially expressed proteins were associated with lipid metabolism according to GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. A protein-protein interaction network identified ApoA-I as a key protein associated with PAH. Lower ApoA-I levels were independent risk factors for PAH and displayed a stronger predictive value for PAH mortality. Plasma interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were positively correlated with risk stratification and was higher in PAH patients with lower ApoA-I levels. ApoA-I was downregulated in lung tissues of MCT-induced rats. ApoA-I could reduce IL-6-induced pro-proliferative and pro-migratory abilities of HPAEC and inhibit secretion of IL-6 from macrophages, which is compromised under hypoxic conditions. CONCLUSION Our study identified the significance of ApoA-I as a biomarker for predicting the survival outcome of PAH patients, which might relate to its altered anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Huang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Lung Transplantation, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Qinhua Zhao
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Xiaoyi Hu
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, China; Institute of Bismuth Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Shang Wang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Jinming Liu
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, China.
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, China.
| | - Sugang Gong
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, China.
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Rani A, Marsche G. A Current Update on the Role of HDL-Based Nanomedicine in Targeting Macrophages in Cardiovascular Disease. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1504. [PMID: 37242746 PMCID: PMC10221824 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are complex endogenous nanoparticles involved in important functions such as reverse cholesterol transport and immunomodulatory activities, ensuring metabolic homeostasis and vascular health. The ability of HDL to interact with a plethora of immune cells and structural cells places it in the center of numerous disease pathophysiologies. However, inflammatory dysregulation can lead to pathogenic remodeling and post-translational modification of HDL, rendering HDL dysfunctional or even pro-inflammatory. Monocytes and macrophages play a critical role in mediating vascular inflammation, such as in coronary artery disease (CAD). The fact that HDL nanoparticles have potent anti-inflammatory effects on mononuclear phagocytes has opened new avenues for the development of nanotherapeutics to restore vascular integrity. HDL infusion therapies are being developed to improve the physiological functions of HDL and to quantitatively restore or increase the native HDL pool. The components and design of HDL-based nanoparticles have evolved significantly since their initial introduction with highly anticipated results in an ongoing phase III clinical trial in subjects with acute coronary syndrome. The understanding of mechanisms involved in HDL-based synthetic nanotherapeutics is critical to their design, therapeutic potential and effectiveness. In this review, we provide a current update on HDL-ApoA-I mimetic nanotherapeutics, highlighting the scope of treating vascular diseases by targeting monocytes and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alankrita Rani
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
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7
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Ossoli A, Minicocci I, Turri M, Di Costanzo A, D'Erasmo L, Bini S, Montavoci L, Veglia F, Calabresi L, Arca M. Genetically determined deficiency of ANGPTL3 does not alter HDL ability to preserve endothelial homeostasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159263. [PMID: 36521735 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with loss-of-function mutations in the ANGPTL3 gene express a rare lipid phenotype called Familial Combined Hypolipidemia (FHBL2). FHBL2 individuals show reduced plasma concentrations of total cholesterol and triglycerides as well as of lipoprotein particles, including HDL. This feature is particularly remarkable in homozygotes in whom ANGPTL3 in blood is completely absent. ANGPTL3 acts as a circulating inhibitor of LPL and EL and it is thought that EL hyperactivity is the cause of plasma HDL reduction in FHBL2. Nevertheless, the consequences of ANGTPL3 deficiency on HDL functionality have been poorly explored. In this report, HDL isolated from homozygous and heterozygous FHBL2 individuals were evaluated for their ability to preserve endothelial homeostasis as compared to control HDL. It was found that only the complete absence of ANGPTL3 alters HDL subclass distribution, as homozygous, but not heterozygous, carriers have reduced content of large and increased content of small HDL with no alterations in HDL2 and HDL3 size. The plasma content of preβ-HDL was reduced in carriers and showed a positive correlation with plasma ANGPTL3 levels. Changes in composition did not however alter the functionality of FHBL2 HDL, as particles isolated from carriers retained their capacity to promote NO production and to inhibit VCAM-1 expression in endothelial cells. Furthermore, no significant changes in circulating levels of soluble ICAM-1 and E-selectin were detected in carriers. These results indicate that changes in HDL composition associated with the partial or complete absence of ANGPTL3 did not alter some of the potentially anti-atherogenic functions of these lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Ossoli
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Ilenia Minicocci
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Turri
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Di Costanzo
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura D'Erasmo
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Bini
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Linda Montavoci
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura Calabresi
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcello Arca
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Ossoli A, Cetti F, Gomaraschi M. Air Pollution: Another Threat to HDL Function. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010317. [PMID: 36613760 PMCID: PMC9820244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have consistently demonstrated a positive association between exposure to air pollutants and the incidence of cardiovascular disease, with the strongest evidence for particles with a diameter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5). Therefore, air pollution has been included among the modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular outcomes as cardiovascular mortality, acute coronary syndrome, stroke, heart failure, and arrhythmias. Interestingly, the adverse effects of air pollution are more pronounced at higher levels of exposure but were also shown in countries with low levels of air pollution, indicating no apparent safe threshold. It is generally believed that exposure to air pollution in the long-term can accelerate atherosclerosis progression by promoting dyslipidemia, hypertension, and other metabolic disorders due to systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Regarding high density lipoproteins (HDL), the impact of air pollution on plasma HDL-cholesterol levels is still debated, but there is accumulating evidence that HDL function can be impaired. In particular, the exposure to air pollution has been variably associated with a reduction in their cholesterol efflux capacity, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, and ability to promote the release of nitric oxide. Further studies are needed to fully address the impact of various air pollutants on HDL functions and to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for HDL dysfunction.
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9
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Fadaei R, Davies SS. Oxidative modification of HDL by lipid aldehydes impacts HDL function. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 730:109397. [PMID: 36116503 PMCID: PMC9670862 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol correlate with increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and HDL performs functions including reverse cholesterol transport, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and suppression of inflammation, that would appear critical for cardioprotection. However, several large clinical trials utilizing pharmacologic interventions that elevated HDL cholesterol levels failed to provide cardioprotection to at-risk individuals. The reasons for these unexpected results have only recently begun to be elucidated. HDL cholesterol levels and HDL function can be significantly discordant, so that elevating HDL cholesterol levels may not necessarily lead to increased functional capacity, particularly under conditions that cause HDL to become oxidatively modified, resulting in HDL dysfunction. Here we review evidence that oxidative modifications of HDL, including by reactive lipid aldehydes generated by lipid peroxidation, reduce HDL functionality and that dicarbonyl scavengers that protect HDL against lipid aldehyde modification are beneficial in pre-clinical models of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Fadaei
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sean S Davies
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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10
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Dong H, Wang J, Hu P, Lu N. Association of Apolipoprotein A1, High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, and Their Ratio with Inflammatory Marker in Chinese Adults with Coronary Artery Disease. Angiology 2022:33197221121002. [PMID: 36065748 DOI: 10.1177/00033197221121002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sparse data assessed the association of apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) with inflammation. We investigated this association in a hospital-based cross-sectional pilot study that included 7296 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). In multivariate analysis, negative associations of ApoA1 and HDL-C with C-reactive protein (CRP), high sensitivity CRP (hsCRP), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were shown. The corresponding CRP, hsCRP, and TNF-α values were 5.28 (vs 11.70 mg/L), 4.50 (vs 11.50 mg/L), and 7.68 (vs 10.90 pg/mL) for ApoA1, and 7.13 (vs 10.60 mg/L), 6.27 (vs 9.19 mg/L), and 8.11 (vs 11.86 pg/mL) for HDL-C in the fourth quartiles compared with the first quartiles. ApoA1/HDL-C ratio was inversely associated with hsCRP and interleukin-6 (IL-6). No significant associations of ApoA1 and HDL-C with IL-6 and IL-8, and of ApoA1/HDL-C ratio with CRP, IL-8, and TNF-α were observed. In path analyses, there was no evidence of mediating effects of body mass index on the "ApoA1 and HDL-C-inflammation" relationship. Generally, our study of CAD patients identified graded and inverse associations of ApoA1, HDL-C, and ApoA1/HDL-C ratio with inflammatory marker (CRP, hsCRP, IL-6, IL-8, or TNF-α) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Dong
- Scientific Education Section and Department of Child Healthcare, Affiliated Maternal & Child Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Image Center, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Image Center, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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11
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Denimal D, Benanaya S, Monier S, Simoneau I, Pais de Barros JP, Le Goff W, Bouillet B, Vergès B, Duvillard L. Normal HDL Cholesterol Efflux and Anti-Inflammatory Capacities in Type 2 Diabetes Despite Lipidomic Abnormalities. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e3816-e3823. [PMID: 35647758 PMCID: PMC9387699 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether, in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, lipidomic abnormalities in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are associated with impaired cholesterol efflux capacity and anti-inflammatory effect, 2 pro-atherogenic abnormalities. DESIGN AND METHODS This is a secondary analysis of the Lira-NAFLD study, including 20 T2D patients at T0 and 25 control subjects. Using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, we quantified 110 species of the main HDL phospholipids and sphingolipids. Cholesterol efflux capacity was measured on THP-1 macrophages. The anti-inflammatory effect of HDL was measured as their ability to inhibit the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). RESULTS The cholesterol-to-triglyceride ratio was decreased in HDL from T2D patients compared with controls (-46%, P = 0.00008). As expressed relative to apolipoprotein AI, the amounts of phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins, and sphingosine-1-phosphate were similar in HDL from T2D patients and controls. Phosphatidylethanolamine-based plasmalogens and ceramides (Cer) were, respectively, 27% (P = 0.038) and 24% (P = 0.053) lower in HDL from T2D patients than in HDL from controls, whereas phosphatidylethanolamines were 41% higher (P = 0.026). Cholesterol efflux capacity of apoB-depleted plasma was similar in T2D patients and controls (36.2 ± 4.3 vs 35.5 ± 2.8%, P = 0.59). The ability of HDL to inhibit the TNFα-induced expression of both VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 at the surface of HUVECs was similar in T2D patients and controls (-70.6 ± 16.5 vs -63.5 ± 18.7%, P = 0.14; and -62.1 ± 13.2 vs -54.7 ± 17.7%, P = 0.16, respectively). CONCLUSION Despite lipidomic abnormalities, the cholesterol efflux and anti-inflammatory capacities of HDL are preserved in T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Denimal
- INSERM LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Biochemistry, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21070 Dijon, France
| | - Sara Benanaya
- INSERM LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Serge Monier
- INSERM LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- Flow Cytometry Platform, Fédération de Recherche Santé STIC/DIMACELL, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Isabelle Simoneau
- INSERM LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21070 Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Paul Pais de Barros
- INSERM LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- Lipidomic Analytical Platform, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Wilfried Le Goff
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, INSERM-UMR_S1166, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Bouillet
- INSERM LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21070 Dijon, France
| | - Bruno Vergès
- INSERM LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21070 Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Duvillard
- Correspondence: Laurence Duvillard, MD, PhD, Biochimie Médicale, Plateau Technique de Biologie, 2, rue Angélique Ducoudray, BP 37013, 21070 Dijon Cédex, France.
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12
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Breakfast partly restores the anti-inflammatory function of high-density lipoproteins from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ATHEROSCLEROSIS PLUS 2021; 44:43-50. [PMID: 36644668 PMCID: PMC9833245 DOI: 10.1016/j.athplu.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims High-density lipoproteins (HDL) of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have impaired anti-inflammatory activities. The anti-inflammatory activity of HDL has been determined ex vivo after isolation by different methods from blood mostly obtained after overnight fasting. We first determined the effect of the HDL isolation method, and subsequently the effect of food intake on the anti-inflammatory function of HDL from T2DM patients. Methods Blood was collected from healthy controls and T2DM patients after an overnight fast, and from T2DM patients 3 h after breakfast (n = 17 each). HDL was isolated by a two-step density gradient ultracentrifugation in iodixanol (HDLDGUC2), by sequential salt density flotation (HDLSEQ) or by PEG precipitation (HDLPEG). The anti-inflammatory function of HDL was determined by the reduction of the TNFα-induced expression of VCAM-1 in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) and retinal endothelial cells (REC). Results HDL isolated by the three different methods from healthy controls inhibited TNFα-induced VCAM-1 expression in HCAEC. With apoA-I at 0.7 μM, HDLDGUC2 and HDLSEQ were similarly effective (16% versus 14% reduction; n = 3; p > 0.05) but less effective than HDLPEG (28%, p < 0.05). Since ultracentrifugation removes most of the unbound plasma proteins, we used HDLDGUC2 for further experiments. With apoA-I at 3.2 μM, HDL from fasting healthy controls and T2DM patients reduced TNFα-induced VCAM-1 expression in HCAEC by 58 ± 13% and 51 ± 20%, respectively (p = 0.35), and in REC by 42 ± 13% and 25 ± 18%, respectively (p < 0.05). Compared to preprandial HDL, postprandial HDL from T2DM patients reduced VCAM-1 expression by 56 ± 16% (paired test: p < 0.001) in HCAEC and by 34 ± 13% (paired test: p < 0.05) in REC. Conclusions The ex vivo anti-inflammatory activity of HDL is affected by the HDL isolation method. Two-step ultracentrifugation in an iodixanol gradient is a suitable method for HDL isolation when testing HDL anti-inflammatory function. The anti-inflammatory activity of HDL from overnight fasted T2DM patients is significantly impaired in REC but not in HCAEC. The anti-inflammatory function of HDL is partly restored by food intake.
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13
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Patanapirunhakit P, Karlsson H, Mulder M, Ljunggren S, Graham D, Freeman D. Sphingolipids in HDL - Potential markers for adaptation to pregnancy? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158955. [PMID: 33933650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) exhibits many functions that render it an effective endothelial protective agent and may underlie its potential role in protecting the maternal vascular endothelium during pregnancy. In non-pregnant individuals, the HDL lipidome is altered in metabolic disease compared to healthy individuals and is linked to reduced cholesterol efflux, an effect that can be reversed by lifestyle management. Specific sphingolipids such as sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) have been shown to mediate the vaso-dilatory effects of plasma HDL via interaction with the endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway. This review describes the relationship between plasma HDL and vascular function during healthy pregnancy and details how this is lost in pre-eclampsia, a disorder of pregnancy associated with widespread endothelial dysfunction. Evidence of a role for HDL sphingolipids, in particular S1P and ceramide, in cardiovascular disease and in healthy pregnancy and pre-eclampsia is discussed. Available data suggest that HDL-S1P and HDL-ceramide can mediate vascular protection in healthy pregnancy but not in preeclampsia. HDL sphingolipids thus are of potential importance in the healthy maternal adaptation to pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patamat Patanapirunhakit
- Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Helen Karlsson
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Monique Mulder
- Division of Pharmacology, Vascular and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Stefan Ljunggren
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Delyth Graham
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Dilys Freeman
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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14
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Coimbra S, Reis F, Valente MJ, Rocha S, Catarino C, Rocha-Pereira P, Sameiro-Faria M, Bronze-da-Rocha E, Belo L, Santos-Silva A. Subpopulations of High-Density Lipoprotein: Friends or Foes in Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease? Biomedicines 2021; 9:554. [PMID: 34065648 PMCID: PMC8157071 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a major traditional risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, although the altered lipid profile does not explain the number and severity of CVD events. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a heterogeneous (size, composition, and functionality) population of particles with different atherogenic or atheroprotective properties. HDL-cholesterol concentrations per se may not entirely reflect a beneficial or a risk profile for CVD. Large HDL in CKD patients may have a unique proteome and lipid composition, impairing their cholesterol efflux capacity. This lack of HDL functionality may contribute to the paradoxical coexistence of increased large HDL and enhanced risk for CVD events. Moreover, CKD is associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, diabetes, and/or hypertension that are able to interfere with the anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antithrombotic properties of HDL subpopulations. How these changes interfere with HDL functions in CKD is still poorly understood. Further studies are warranted to fully clarify if different HDL subpopulations present different functionalities and/or atheroprotective effects. To achieve this goal, the standardization of techniques would be valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Coimbra
- UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.V.); (C.C.); (P.R.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (E.B.-d.-R.); (L.B.); (A.S.-S.)
- CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), 4585-116 Gandra-Paredes, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria João Valente
- UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.V.); (C.C.); (P.R.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (E.B.-d.-R.); (L.B.); (A.S.-S.)
| | - Susana Rocha
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Cristina Catarino
- UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.V.); (C.C.); (P.R.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (E.B.-d.-R.); (L.B.); (A.S.-S.)
| | - Petronila Rocha-Pereira
- UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.V.); (C.C.); (P.R.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (E.B.-d.-R.); (L.B.); (A.S.-S.)
- Chemistry Department, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Maria Sameiro-Faria
- UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.V.); (C.C.); (P.R.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (E.B.-d.-R.); (L.B.); (A.S.-S.)
- Hemodialysis Clinic Hospital Agostinho Ribeiro, 4610-106 Felgueiras, Portugal
| | - Elsa Bronze-da-Rocha
- UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.V.); (C.C.); (P.R.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (E.B.-d.-R.); (L.B.); (A.S.-S.)
| | - Luís Belo
- UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.V.); (C.C.); (P.R.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (E.B.-d.-R.); (L.B.); (A.S.-S.)
| | - Alice Santos-Silva
- UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.V.); (C.C.); (P.R.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (E.B.-d.-R.); (L.B.); (A.S.-S.)
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15
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Zhang Y, Li J, Liu C, Yu H, Chen C, Bi C, Fang C, Ma H, Li A, Dong Q, Liu L, Wang B, Huang X, Cheng X, Zalloua P, Xu X, Huo Y, Li G. High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and the Risk of First Ischemic Stroke in a Chinese Hypertensive Population. Clin Interv Aging 2021; 16:801-810. [PMID: 34017170 PMCID: PMC8132192 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s295252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels have displayed protection against cardiovascular disease. However, the association between specific lipoprotein classes and first ischemic stroke (IS) has not been well defined, particularly in higher-risk hypertensive populations. Our study evaluated the associations of HDL-C with first IS in a Chinese hypertensive population. METHODS The study population was obtained from a community-based cohort study of hypertension in Lianyungang and Rongcheng, China. A nested case-control design was used that included 2463 identified first IS cases and 2463 controls matched by age ± 1 year, sex, and region. RESULTS After adjusting for potential confounders, HDL-C was inversely associated with first IS (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.85-0.98). HDL-C levels of at least 65.4 mg/dL displayed a significant protective effect for first IS (aOR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.69-0.98). Conversely, adverse effects of first IS were observed for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels ≥138.1 mg/dL (aOR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.02-1.42) and triglyceride (TG) levels ≥140.8 mg/dL (aOR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.09-1.49). The risk associations of LDL-C and TG with first IS were attenuated in the presence of high HDL-C (≥53.0 mg/dL); an increased risk of first IS was only found in the presence of low HDL-C (<53.0 mg/dL) when LDL-C (aOR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.19-2.31) and TG (aOR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.17-1.84) were combined with HDL-C for analysis. CONCLUSION In this community-based Chinese hypertensive population, higher HDL-C was a significant protective factor of first IS. These data add to the evidence describing the relationship between lipids and IS and suggest that HDL-C maybe is a marker of IS risk in Chinses hypertensive population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengzhang Liu
- Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxiang Yu
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chonglei Bi
- People’s Hospital of Rongcheng, Rongcheng, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chongqian Fang
- People’s Hospital of Rongcheng, Rongcheng, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai Ma
- Health and Family Planning Commission, Rongcheng, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aimin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Dong
- Lianyungang Health Committee, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lishun Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Binyan Wang
- Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshu Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pierre Zalloua
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Xiping Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Huo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Omega-3 fatty acids ameliorate vascular inflammation: A rationale for their atheroprotective effects. Atherosclerosis 2021; 324:27-37. [PMID: 33812168 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Clinical trials have demonstrated reductions in major adverse cardiovascular events with purified high-dose eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), independent of effects on lipids. We aimed to investigate whether omega-3 fatty acids reduce vascular inflammation, a critical mediator of atherosclerosis, and hypothesised that EPA is superior to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). METHODS In a double-blind randomised controlled trial and cell-culture study, 40 healthy volunteers were supplemented with 4 g daily of either EPA, DHA, fish oil (2:1 EPA:DHA), or placebo for 30 days. Serum was incubated with TNF-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and markers of acute vascular inflammation (AVI) were measured. The effects of EPA, DHA (600 mg/kg/day), olive oil, or no treatment were also measured in preclinical models of [1] AVI using a periarterial collar (C57Bl/6J; n = 40 mice) and [2] atherosclerosis where ApoE-/- mice (n = 40) were fed a 16-week atherogenic diet. RESULTS EPA supplementation reduced expression of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) by 25% compared to placebo (p = 0.03). In the AVI model, EPA reduced vascular expression of VCAM1 by 43% (p = 0.02) and CCL2 by 41% (p = 0.03). Significant inverse correlations were observed between EPA levels and vascular expression of VCAM1 (r = -0.56, p = 0.001) and CCL2 (r = -0.56, p = 0.001). In ApoE-/- mice, EPA reduced aortic expression of Il1b by 44% (p = 0.04) and Tnf by 49% (p = 0.04), with similar inverse correlations between EPA levels and both Il1b (r = -0.63, p = 0.009) and Tnf (r = -0.50, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with EPA, more so than DHA, ameliorates acute and chronic vascular inflammation, providing a rationale for the cardiovascular benefit observed with high dose omega-3 fatty acid administration.
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17
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Effects of lipoproteins on endothelial cells and macrophages function and its possible implications on fetal adverse outcomes associated to maternal hypercholesterolemia during pregnancy. Placenta 2021; 106:79-87. [PMID: 33706211 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is one of the main risk factors associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. During pregnancy, maternal hypercholesterolemia develops, and it can occur in a physiological (MPH) or supraphysiological (MSPH) manner, where MSPH is associated with endothelial dysfunction and early atherosclerotic lesions in the fetoplacental vasculature. In the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, endothelial activation and endothelial dysfunction, characterized by an imbalance in the bioavailability of nitric oxide, contribute to the early stages of this disease. Macrophages conversion to foam cells, cholesterol efflux from these cells and its differentiation into a pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotype are also important processes that contribute to atherosclerosis. In adults it has been reported that native and modified HDL and LDL play an important role in endothelial and macrophage function. In this review it is proposed that fetal lipoproteins could be also relevant factors involved in the detrimental vascular effects described in MSPH. Changes in the composition and function of neonatal lipoproteins compared to adults has been reported and, although in MSPH pregnancies the fetal lipid profile does not differ from MPH, differences in the lipidomic profiles of umbilical venous blood have been reported, which could have implications in the vascular function. In this review we summarize the available information regarding the effects of lipoproteins on endothelial and macrophage function, emphasizing its possible implications on fetal adverse outcomes associated to maternal hypercholesterolemia during pregnancy.
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Abstract
Earlier epidemiological studies have shown an inverse correlation between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) and coronary heart disease (CHD). This observation along with the finding that reverse cholesterol transport is mediated by HDL, supported the hypothesis that the HDL molecule has a cardioprotective role. More recently, epidemiological data suggest a U-shaped curve correlating HDLc and CHD. In addition, randomized clinical trials of drugs that significantly increase plasma HDLc levels, such as nicotinic acid and cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors failed to show a reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events. These observations challenge the hypothesis that HDL has a cardioprotective role. It is possible that HDL quality and function is optimal only when de novo synthesis of apo A-I occurs. Inhibition of turnover of HDL with currently available agents yields HDL molecules that are ineffective in reverse cholesterol transport. To test this hypothesis, newer therapeutic drugs that increase de novo production of HDL and apo A-I should be tested in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien J Feghaly
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Arshag D Mooradian
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, 653-1 West 8th Street, 4th Floor-LRC, Jacksonville, FL, 32209, USA.
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19
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Satta N, Frias MA, Vuilleumier N, Pagano S. Humoral Immunity Against HDL Particle: A New Perspective in Cardiovascular Diseases? Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:3128-3146. [PMID: 31470782 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190830164917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune diseases are closely associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Over the last decades, the comprehension of atherosclerosis, the principal initiator of CVD, evolved from a lipidcentered disease to a predominant inflammatory and immune response-driven disease displaying features of autoimmunity against a broad range of auto-antigens, including lipoproteins. Among them, high density lipoproteins (HDL) are important actors of cholesterol transport and bear several anti-atherogenic properties, raising a growing interest as therapeutic targets to decrease atherosclerosis and CVD burden, with nevertheless rather disappointing results so far. Reflecting HDL composition complexity, autoimmune responses and autoantibodies against various HDL components have been reported. RESULTS In this review, we addressed the important complexity of humoral autoimmunity towards HDL and particularly how this autoimmune response could help improving our understanding of HDL biological implication in atherosclerosis and CVD. We also discussed several issues related to specific HDL autoantibody subclasses characteristics, including etiology, prognosis and pathological mechanisms according to Rose criteria. CONCLUSION Finally, we addressed the possible clinical value of using these antibodies not only as potential biomarkers of atherogenesis and CVD, but also as a factor potentially mitigating the benefit of HDL-raising therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Satta
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostic, Geneva University Hospitals, 4 rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Miguel A Frias
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostic, Geneva University Hospitals, 4 rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Vuilleumier
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostic, Geneva University Hospitals, 4 rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Pagano
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostic, Geneva University Hospitals, 4 rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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20
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Jomard A, Osto E. High Density Lipoproteins: Metabolism, Function, and Therapeutic Potential. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:39. [PMID: 32296714 PMCID: PMC7136892 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High Density Lipoproteins (HDLs) have long been considered as “good cholesterol,” beneficial to the whole body and, in particular, to cardio-vascular health. However, HDLs are complex particles that undergoes dynamic remodeling through interactions with various enzymes and tissues throughout their life cycle, making the complete understanding of its functions and roles more complicated than initially expected. In this review, we explore the novel understanding of HDLs' behavior in health and disease as a multifaceted class of lipoprotein, with different size subclasses, molecular composition, receptor interactions, and functionality. Further, we report on emergent HDL-based therapeutics tested in small and larger scale clinical trials and their mixed successes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Jomard
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elena Osto
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Zhang J, Cui Y, Li X, Xiao Y, Liu L, Jia F, He J, Xie X, Parthasarathy S, Hao H, Fang N. 5F peptide promotes endothelial differentiation of bone marrow stem cells through activation of ERK1/2 signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 876:173051. [PMID: 32145325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) mimetic peptide 5F exhibits anti-atherosclerotic ability with largely unknown mechanism(s). Bone marrow (BM)-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a critical role in vascular integrity and function. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 5F on endothelial differentiation of BM stem cells and related mechanisms. Murine BM multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) were induced to differentiate into endothelial cells in vitro with or without 5F. The expression of endothelial markers vWF, Flk-1 and CD31 was significantly increased in the cells treated with 5F with enhanced in vitro vascular tube formation and LDL uptake without significant changes on proliferation and stem cell maker Oct-4 expression. Phosphorylated ERK1/2, not Akt, was significantly increased in 5F-treated cells. Treatment of MAPCs with PD98059 or small interfering RNA against ERK2 substantially attenuated ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and effectively prevented 5F-induced enhancement of endothelial differentiation of MAPCs. In vivo studies revealed that 5F increased EPCs number in the BM in mice after acute hindlimb ischemia that was effectively prevented with PD98059 treatment. These data supported the conclusion that 5F promoted endothelial differentiation of MAPCs through activation of ERK1/2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200127, China; Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yuqi Cui
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yuan Xiao
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lingjuan Liu
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Fengpeng Jia
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jianfeng He
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Xie
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sampath Parthasarathy
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, USA
| | - Hong Hao
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ningyuan Fang
- Department of Geriatrics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Lamprea-Montealegre JA, McClelland RL, Otvos JD, Mora S, Koch M, Jensen MK, de Boer IH. Association of High-Density Lipoprotein Particles and High-Density Lipoprotein Apolipoprotein C-III Content With Cardiovascular Disease Risk According to Kidney Function: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e013713. [PMID: 31818211 PMCID: PMC6951074 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease is associated with structural and compositional abnormalities in high‐density lipoprotein particles (HDLp). We examined associations of HDLp size, particle subfractions, and apolipoprotein C‐III content with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) events across categories of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Methods and Results Analyses included 6699 participants in MESA (Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) with measurements of HDLp and 5723 participants with measurements of HDL apolipoprotein C‐III. Cox‐regression methods were used to evaluate associations between HDLp and apolipoproteins with CVD events. Larger HDLp size was associated with lower CVD risk in participants with lower eGFR: hazard ratio (95% CI) per SD higher mean HDL size was 1.00 (0.90–1.11) in eGFR ≥60 mL/min per 1.73 m2, 0.65 (0.48–0.86) in eGFR 45 to 59 mL/min per 1.73 m2, and 0.48 (0.25–0.93) in eGFR <45 mL/min per 1.73 m2 (P for interaction=0.05). Associations of HDLp subfractions with CVD varied significantly by eGFR (P for interaction=0.04), with significant inverse associations between higher concentrations of large HDLp and CVD events across categories of kidney function, but nonsignificant results for small HDLp. Only HDLp without apolipoprotein C‐III was associated with lower risk of CVD events, with seemingly (albeit not statistically significant) stronger associations among participants with lower eGFR (P for interaction=0.19). Conclusions HDL particles of larger size and higher concentrations of large HDL and of HDL without apolipoprotein C‐III were associated with lower CVD risk, with risk estimates seemingly stronger among participants with lower eGFR. Future larger studies are needed to corroborate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James D Otvos
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings Morrisville NC
| | - Samia Mora
- Divisions of Cardiovascular and Preventive Medicine Center for Lipid Metabolomics Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Harvard University Boston MA
| | - Manja Koch
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Harvard University Boston MA
| | - Majken K Jensen
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Harvard University Boston MA
| | - Ian H de Boer
- Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine Department of Epidemiology Kidney Research Institute University of Washington Seattle WA
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Ossoli A, Pavanello C, Giorgio E, Calabresi L, Gomaraschi M. Dysfunctional HDL as a Therapeutic Target for Atherosclerosis Prevention. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1610-1630. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180316115726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is one of the main risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis. Among the various lipoprotein classes, however, high density lipoproteins (HDL) are inversely associated with the incidence of atherosclerosis, since they are able to exert a series of atheroprotective functions. The central role of HDL within the reverse cholesterol transport, their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and their ability to preserve endothelial homeostasis are likely responsible for HDL-mediated atheroprotection. However, drugs that effectively raise HDL-C failed to result in a decreased incidence of cardiovascular event, suggesting that plasma levels of HDL-C and HDL function are not always related. Several evidences are showing that different pathologic conditions, especially those associated with an inflammatory response, can cause dramatic alterations of HDL protein and lipid cargo resulting in HDL dysfunction. Established and investigational drugs designed to affect lipid metabolism and to increase HDL-C are only partly effective in correcting HDL dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Ossoli
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Pavanello
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Eleonora Giorgio
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Calabresi
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Gomaraschi
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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24
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Salnikov ES, Aisenbrey C, Anantharamaiah G, Bechinger B. Solid-state NMR structural investigations of peptide-based nanodiscs and of transmembrane helices in bicellar arrangements. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 219:58-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Abstract
Metabolism and Function of High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL) Abstract. HDL has long been considered as 'good cholesterol', beneficial to the whole body and in particular to cardio-vascular health. However, HDL is a complex particle that undergoes dynamic remodeling through interactions with various enzymes and tissue types throughout its life cycle. In this review, we explore the novel understanding of HDL as a multifaceted class of lipoprotein, with multiple subclasses of different size, molecular composition, receptor interactions, and functionality, in health and disease. Further, we report on emergent HDL based therapeutics tested in small and larger scale clinical trials and their mixed successes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Jomard
- 1 Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Labor für Translationale Ernährungsbiologie, Zürich
| | - Elena Osto
- 1 Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Labor für Translationale Ernährungsbiologie, Zürich
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Lipid Metabolism Disorder and Renal Fibrosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1165:525-541. [PMID: 31399983 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8871-2_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the lipid nephrotoxicity hypothesis was proposed in 1982, increasing evidence has supported the hypothesis that lipid abnormalities contributed to the progression of glomerulosclerosis. In this chapter, we will discuss the general promises of the original hypothesis, focusing especially on the role of lipids and metabolic inflammation accompanying CKD in renal fibrosis and potential new strategies of prevention.
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Kajani S, Curley S, McGillicuddy FC. Unravelling HDL-Looking beyond the Cholesterol Surface to the Quality Within. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071971. [PMID: 29986413 PMCID: PMC6073561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles have experienced a turbulent decade of falling from grace with widespread demotion from the most-sought-after therapeutic target to reverse cardiovascular disease (CVD), to mere biomarker status. HDL is slowly emerging from these dark times due to the HDL flux hypothesis wherein measures of HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) are better predictors of reduced CVD risk than static HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. HDL particles are emulsions of metabolites, lipids, protein, and microRNA (miR) built on the backbone of Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) that are growing in their complexity due to the higher sensitivity of the respective “omic” technologies. Our understanding of particle composition has increased dramatically within this era and has exposed how our understanding of these particles to date has been oversimplified. Elucidation of the HDL proteome coupled with the identification of specific miRs on HDL have highlighted the “hormonal” characteristics of HDL in that it carries and delivers messages systemically. HDL can dock to most peripheral cells via its receptors, including SR-B1, ABCA1, and ABCG1, which may be a critical step for facilitating HDL-to-cell communication. The composition of HDL particles is, in turn, altered in numerous disease states including diabetes, auto-immune disease, and CVD. The consequence of changes in composition, however, on subsequent biological activities of HDL is currently poorly understood and this is an important avenue for the field to explore in the future. Improving HDL particle quality as opposed to HDL quantity may, in turn, prove a more beneficial investment to reduce CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Kajani
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Sean Curley
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Fiona C McGillicuddy
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4 Dublin, Ireland.
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28
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Generoso G, Bensenor IM, Santos RD, Santos IS, Goulart AC, Jones SR, Kulkarni KR, Blaha MJ, Toth PP, Lotufo PA, Bittencourt MS. Association between high-density lipoprotein subfractions and low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome components: The ELSA-Brasil study. J Clin Lipidol 2018; 12:1290-1297.e1. [PMID: 29941395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) can be divided into subfractions, which may have variable effects in atherogenesis. The results about the association between HDL-C subfractions and risk factors for cardiovascular disease are mixed. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyze the association between HDL-C subfractions and each metabolic syndrome component, homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and C-reactive protein (CRP). METHODS Four thousand five hundred thirty-two individuals between 35 and 74 years old without previous manifest cardiovascular disease not using fibrates were enrolled. HDL-C subfractions were separated by vertical ultracentrifugation (vertical auto profile-in mg/dL) into HDL2-C and HDL3-C. HDL2-C/HDL3-C ratio, HOMA-IR, and high-sensitivity CRP were also included in the analysis. RESULTS Mean age of participants was 51 ± 9 years, and 54.8% were women. In univariate analysis, HDL-C, HDL2-C, and HDL3-C were all inversely associated with each of the metabolic syndrome defining factors, HOMA-IR values, and serum CRP. We also observed a negative association between HDL2-C/HDL3-C ratio with the variables aforementioned even after adjusting for smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, and HDL-C levels (P < .01). CONCLUSION HDL-C and its subfractions (HDL2-C and HDL3-C) are inversely associated with the defining features of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and systemic inflammation. In addition, the HDL2-C/HDL3-C ratio measured by vertical auto profile is significantly associated with the former factors even after comprehensive adjustment for HDL-C and other confounding variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Generoso
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela M Bensenor
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raul D Santos
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Itamar S Santos
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra C Goulart
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Steven R Jones
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Michael J Blaha
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter P Toth
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA; Preventive Cardiology, CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL, USA
| | - Paulo A Lotufo
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Sommer Bittencourt
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Woudberg NJ, Pedretti S, Lecour S, Schulz R, Vuilleumier N, James RW, Frias MA. Pharmacological Intervention to Modulate HDL: What Do We Target? Front Pharmacol 2018; 8:989. [PMID: 29403378 PMCID: PMC5786575 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cholesterol concentrations of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) have traditionally served as risk factors for cardiovascular disease. As such, novel therapeutic interventions aiming to raise HDL cholesterol have been tested in the clinical setting. However, most trials led to a significant increase in HDL cholesterol with no improvement in cardiovascular events. The complexity of the HDL particle, which exerts multiple physiological functions and is comprised of a number of subclasses, has raised the question as to whether there should be more focus on HDL subclass and function rather than cholesterol quantity. We review current data regarding HDL subclasses and subclass-specific functionality and highlight how current lipid modifying drugs such as statins, cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors, fibrates and niacin often increase cholesterol concentrations of specific HDL subclasses. In addition this review sets out arguments suggesting that the HDL3 subclass may provide better protective effects than HDL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Woudberg
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa and South African Medical Research Council Inter-University Cape Heart Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sarah Pedretti
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa and South African Medical Research Council Inter-University Cape Heart Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine Specialities, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa and South African Medical Research Council Inter-University Cape Heart Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Vuilleumier
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Richard W. James
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine Specialities, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Miguel A. Frias
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine Specialities, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Lv P, Zhao M, Liu Y, Jin H, Cui W, Fan C, Teng Y, Zheng L, Huang Y. Apolipoprotein C-III in the high-density lipoprotein proteome of cerebral lacunar infarction patients impairs its anti-inflammatory function. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:61-68. [PMID: 29115584 PMCID: PMC5746287 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) proteomic study has identified substantial changes associated with various disease states. In the current study, the HDL proteomes in patients with cerebral lacunar infarction (LACI) and control subjects were investigated. A total of 12 LACI patients without evident large vessel occlusions and 12 controls were enrolled in the study. The HDL fraction from each sample was isolated from the plasma by ultracentrifugation. The protemics of the HDL were investigated using nano liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. There were 55 proteins identified as differentially expressed in the LACI and control groups. Among the 55 proteins, 33 were upregulated and 22 were downregulated in the patients with LACI. The identified proteins were associated with numerous molecular functions, including lipid and cholesterol transport, lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, the complement and coagulation pathway, metal ion metabolism, hemostasis and endopeptidase inhibitory activity. Serum amyloid A, apolipoprotein C (apoC-III) and apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II) were selected to confirm the proteomics results via western blotting. HDL from the LACI patients exhibited an impaired ability to inhibit the binding of THP-1 cells to endothelial cells compared with the controls (P<0.01). ApoC-III-rich HDL also had a significantly reduced ability to inhibit the binding of THP-1 cells to endothelial cells (P<0.01). The expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 protein by the endothelial cells exhibited a similar pattern of response to the different HDL samples. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates major modifications of the HDL proteome in patients with LACI. The ApoC-III enrichment of the HDL of patients with LACI may cause a reduction in the anti-inflammatory ability of HDL, which may contribute to the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Lv
- Department of Health Care, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides of Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Haiqiang Jin
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Chenghe Fan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Yuming Teng
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Lemin Zheng
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides of Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yining Huang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
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Femlak M, Gluba-Brzózka A, Ciałkowska-Rysz A, Rysz J. The role and function of HDL in patients with diabetes mellitus and the related cardiovascular risk. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:207. [PMID: 29084567 PMCID: PMC5663054 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0594-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major public health problem which prevalence is constantly raising, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Both diabetes mellitus types (DMT1 and DMT2) are associated with high risk of developing chronic complications, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis. METHODS This is a review of available articles concerning HDL subfractions profile in diabetes mellitus and the related cardiovascular risk. In this review, HDL dysfunction in diabetes, the impact of HDL alterations on the risk diabetes development as well as the association between disturbed HDL particle in DM and cardiovascular risk is discussed. RESULTS Changes in the amount of circulation lipids, including triglycerides and LDL cholesterol as well as the HDL are frequent also in the course of DMT1 and DMT2. In normal state HDL exerts various antiatherogenic properties, including reverse cholesterol transport, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory capacities. However, it has been suggested that in pathological state HDL becomes "dysfunctional" which means that relative composition of lipids and proteins in HDL, as well as enzymatic activities associated to HDL, such as paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase 11 (Lp-PLA2) are altered. HDL properties are compromised in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), due to oxidative modification and glycation of the HDL protein as well as the transformation of the HDL proteome into a proinflammatory protein. Numerous studies confirm that the ability of HDL to suppress inflammatory signals is significantly reduced in this group of patients. However, the exact underlying mechanisms remains to be unravelled in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The understanding of pathological mechanisms underlying HDL dysfunction may enable the development of therapies targeted at specific subpopulations and focusing at the diminishing of cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Femlak
- 105 Military Hospital with Outpatient Clinic in Żary, Domańskiego 2, 68-200, Żary, Poland
| | - Anna Gluba-Brzózka
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, WAM Teaching Hospital of Lodz, Żeromskiego 113, Łódź, 90-549, Poland.
| | | | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Żeromskiego 113, Łódź, 90-549, Poland
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Mao JY, Sun JT, Yang K, Shen WF, Lu L, Zhang RY, Tong X, Liu Y. Serum amyloid A enrichment impairs the anti-inflammatory ability of HDL from diabetic nephropathy patients. J Diabetes Complications 2017; 31:1538-1543. [PMID: 28760652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Impaired anti-inflammatory ability of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) has been demonstrated in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, whether HDL from patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) suffers additional damage remains unknown. This study compared the anti-inflammatory capacities of HDL from healthy controls, T2DM patients with normal renal function, and T2DM patients with DN. MATERIALS AND METHODS HDL was isolated from healthy controls (n=33) and T2DM patients with normal renal function (n=21), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (n=27), and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (n=27). Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy volunteers were pretreated with HDL (100μg/mL) for 1h, then incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (50ng/mL) for 24h. The anti-inflammatory ability of HDL was measured as the secretion of TNF-α in LPS-activated monocytes. RESULTS The anti-inflammatory ability of HDL was gradually impaired as kidney function declined. Serum amyloid A (SAA) concentration in HDLDN significantly increased and was positively correlated with the impaired anti-inflammatory ability of HDL (Pearson r=0.315, P=0.006). Furthermore, HDL supplemented with SAA significantly increased TNF-α release from PBMCs compared with that from control HDL. CONCLUSIONS These findings identified an impaired anti-inflammatory capacity of HDL from DN patients, which might be attributable to SAA enrichment.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Cells, Cultured
- China/epidemiology
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetic Angiopathies/epidemiology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/immunology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Angiopathies/pathology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/immunology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Nephropathies/pathology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/physiopathology
- Female
- Hospitals, University
- Humans
- Kidney/physiopathology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/immunology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/metabolism
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/pathology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/pathology
- Lipopolysaccharides/toxicity
- Lipoproteins, HDL/blood
- Lipoproteins, HDL/isolation & purification
- Lipoproteins, HDL/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Outpatient Clinics, Hospital
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/immunology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Risk Factors
- Serum Amyloid A Protein/analysis
- Serum Amyloid A Protein/metabolism
- Severity of Illness Index
- Vasculitis/complications
- Vasculitis/immunology
- Vasculitis/metabolism
- Vasculitis/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan Mao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jia Teng Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wei Feng Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Rui Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xuemei Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
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Swertfeger DK, Li H, Rebholz S, Zhu X, Shah AS, Davidson WS, Lu LJ. Mapping Atheroprotective Functions and Related Proteins/Lipoproteins in Size Fractionated Human Plasma. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:680-693. [PMID: 28223350 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.066290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
HDL has been shown to possess a variety of cardio-protective functions, including removal of excess cholesterol from the periphery, and inhibition of lipoprotein oxidation. It has been proposed that various HDL subparticles exist, each with distinct protein and lipid compositions, which may be responsible for HDL's many functions. We hypothesized that HDL functions will co-migrate with the operational lipoprotein subspecies when separated by gel filtration chromatography. Plasma from 10 healthy male donors was fractionated and the protein composition of the phospholipid containing fractions was analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS). Each fraction was evaluated for its proteomic content as well as its ability to promote cholesterol efflux and protect low density lipoprotein (LDL) from free radical oxidation. For each function, several peaks of activity were identified across the plasma size gradient. Neither cholesterol efflux or LDL antioxidation activity correlated strongly with any single protein across the fractions. However, we identified multiple proteins that had strong correlations (r values >0.7, p < 0.01) with individual peaks of activity. These proteins fell into diverse functional categories, including those traditionally associated with lipid metabolism, as well as alternative complement cascade, innate immunity and clotting cascades and immunoglobulins. Additionally, the phospholipid and cholesterol concentration of the fractions correlated strongly with cholesterol efflux (r = 0.95 and 0.82 respectively), whereas the total protein content of the fractions correlated best with antioxidant activity across all fractions (r = 0.746). Furthermore, two previously postulated subspecies (apoA-I, apoA-II and apoC-1; as well as apoA-I, apoC-I and apoJ) were found to have strong correlations with both cholesterol efflux and antioxidation activity. Up till now, very little has been known about how lipoprotein composition mediates functions like cholesterol efflux and antioxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debi K Swertfeger
- §Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039
| | - Hailong Li
- §Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039
| | - Sandra Rebholz
- §Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039.,¶Center for Lipid and Arteriosclerosis Science, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 2120 East Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237-0507
| | - Xiaoting Zhu
- §Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039
| | - Amy S Shah
- ‖Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039
| | - W Sean Davidson
- ¶Center for Lipid and Arteriosclerosis Science, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 2120 East Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237-0507
| | - Long J Lu
- From the ‡School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; .,§Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039
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White CR, Datta G, Giordano S. High-Density Lipoprotein Regulation of Mitochondrial Function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 982:407-429. [PMID: 28551800 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55330-6_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipoproteins play a key role in regulating plasma and tissue levels of cholesterol. Apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins, including chylomicrons, very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), serve as carriers of triglycerides and cholesterol and deliver these metabolites to peripheral tissues. In contrast, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) mediates Reverse Cholesterol Transport (RCT), a process by which excess cholesterol is removed from the periphery and taken up by hepatocytes where it is metabolized and excreted. Anti-atherogenic properties of HDL have been largely ascribed to apoA-I, the major protein component of the lipoprotein particle. The inflammatory response associated with atherosclerosis and ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury has been linked to the development of mitochondrial dysfunction. Under these conditions, an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation induces damage to mitochondrial structural elements, leading to a reduction in ATP synthesis and initiation of the apoptotic program. Recent studies suggest that HDL-associated apoA-I and lysosphingolipids attenuate mitochondrial injury by multiple mechanisms, including the suppression of ROS formation and induction of autophagy. Other apolipoproteins, however, present in lower abundance in HDL particles may exert opposing effects on mitochondrial function. This chapter examines the role of HDL-associated apolipoproteins and lipids in the regulation of mitochondrial function and bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Roger White
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Geeta Datta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Samantha Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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35
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Sposito AC. HDL metrics, let’s call the number thing off? Atherosclerosis 2016; 251:525-527. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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36
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Tani S, Nagao K, Hirayama A. Association of systemic inflammation with the serum apolipoprotein A-1 level: A cross-sectional pilot study. J Cardiol 2016; 68:168-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Tiozzo E, Gardener H, Hudson BI, Dong C, Della-Morte D, Crisby M, Goldberg RB, Elkind MSV, Cheung YK, Wright CB, Sacco RL, Desvarieux M, Rundek T. Subfractions of High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: The Northern Manhattan Study. Stroke 2016; 47:1508-13. [PMID: 27165951 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.012009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recent drug trials have challenged the high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) antiatherosclerotic hypothesis, suggesting that total level of HDL-C may not be the best target for intervention. HDL-C subfractions may be better markers of vascular risk than total levels of HDL-C. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between HDL2-C and HDL3-C fractions and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in the population-based Northern Manhattan Study. METHODS We evaluated 988 stroke-free participants (mean age, 66±8 years; 60% women; 66% Hispanic, and 34% non-Hispanic) with available data on HDL-C subfractions using precipitation method and cIMT assessed by a high-resolution carotid ultrasound. The associations between HDL-C subfractions and cIMT were analyzed by multiple linear regression models. RESULTS The mean HDL2-C was 14±8 mg/dL, HDL3-C 32±8 mg/dL, and the mean total HDL-C was 46±14 mg/dL. The mean cIMT was 0.90±0.08 mm. After controlling for demographics and vascular risk factors, HDL2-C and total HDL-C were inversely associated with cIMT (per 2 SDs, β=-0.017, P=0.001 and β=-0.012, P=0.03, respectively). The same inverse association was more pronounced among those with diabetes mellitus (per 2SDs, HDL2-C: β=-0.043, P=0.003 and HDL-C: β=-0.029, P=0.02). HDL3-C was not associated with cIMT. CONCLUSIONS HDL2-C had greater effect on cIMT than HDL3-C in this large urban population. The effect of HDL2-C was especially pronounced among individuals with diabetes mellitus. More research is needed to determine antiatherosclerotic effects of HDL-C subfractions and their clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Tiozzo
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine (E.T.), Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine (E.T., H.G., C.D., D.D.-M., C.B.W., R.L.S., T.R.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (B.I.H.), Diabetes Research Institute and Lipid Disorder Clinic (R.B.G.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (R.L.S.), University of Miami, FL; Department of System Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy (D.D.-M.); Biomarker Discovery and Advanced Technologies (BioDAT), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy (D.D.-M.); Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Stockholm, Sweden (M.C.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY (M.S.V.E.); Department of Biostatistics (Y.K.C.) and Department of Epidemiology (M.D.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; and Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS-UMR1153), Paris, France (M.D.).
| | - Hannah Gardener
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine (E.T.), Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine (E.T., H.G., C.D., D.D.-M., C.B.W., R.L.S., T.R.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (B.I.H.), Diabetes Research Institute and Lipid Disorder Clinic (R.B.G.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (R.L.S.), University of Miami, FL; Department of System Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy (D.D.-M.); Biomarker Discovery and Advanced Technologies (BioDAT), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy (D.D.-M.); Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Stockholm, Sweden (M.C.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY (M.S.V.E.); Department of Biostatistics (Y.K.C.) and Department of Epidemiology (M.D.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; and Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS-UMR1153), Paris, France (M.D.)
| | - Barry I Hudson
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine (E.T.), Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine (E.T., H.G., C.D., D.D.-M., C.B.W., R.L.S., T.R.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (B.I.H.), Diabetes Research Institute and Lipid Disorder Clinic (R.B.G.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (R.L.S.), University of Miami, FL; Department of System Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy (D.D.-M.); Biomarker Discovery and Advanced Technologies (BioDAT), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy (D.D.-M.); Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Stockholm, Sweden (M.C.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY (M.S.V.E.); Department of Biostatistics (Y.K.C.) and Department of Epidemiology (M.D.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; and Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS-UMR1153), Paris, France (M.D.)
| | - Chuanhui Dong
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine (E.T.), Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine (E.T., H.G., C.D., D.D.-M., C.B.W., R.L.S., T.R.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (B.I.H.), Diabetes Research Institute and Lipid Disorder Clinic (R.B.G.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (R.L.S.), University of Miami, FL; Department of System Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy (D.D.-M.); Biomarker Discovery and Advanced Technologies (BioDAT), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy (D.D.-M.); Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Stockholm, Sweden (M.C.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY (M.S.V.E.); Department of Biostatistics (Y.K.C.) and Department of Epidemiology (M.D.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; and Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS-UMR1153), Paris, France (M.D.)
| | - David Della-Morte
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine (E.T.), Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine (E.T., H.G., C.D., D.D.-M., C.B.W., R.L.S., T.R.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (B.I.H.), Diabetes Research Institute and Lipid Disorder Clinic (R.B.G.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (R.L.S.), University of Miami, FL; Department of System Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy (D.D.-M.); Biomarker Discovery and Advanced Technologies (BioDAT), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy (D.D.-M.); Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Stockholm, Sweden (M.C.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY (M.S.V.E.); Department of Biostatistics (Y.K.C.) and Department of Epidemiology (M.D.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; and Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS-UMR1153), Paris, France (M.D.)
| | - Milita Crisby
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine (E.T.), Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine (E.T., H.G., C.D., D.D.-M., C.B.W., R.L.S., T.R.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (B.I.H.), Diabetes Research Institute and Lipid Disorder Clinic (R.B.G.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (R.L.S.), University of Miami, FL; Department of System Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy (D.D.-M.); Biomarker Discovery and Advanced Technologies (BioDAT), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy (D.D.-M.); Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Stockholm, Sweden (M.C.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY (M.S.V.E.); Department of Biostatistics (Y.K.C.) and Department of Epidemiology (M.D.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; and Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS-UMR1153), Paris, France (M.D.)
| | - Ronald B Goldberg
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine (E.T.), Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine (E.T., H.G., C.D., D.D.-M., C.B.W., R.L.S., T.R.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (B.I.H.), Diabetes Research Institute and Lipid Disorder Clinic (R.B.G.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (R.L.S.), University of Miami, FL; Department of System Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy (D.D.-M.); Biomarker Discovery and Advanced Technologies (BioDAT), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy (D.D.-M.); Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Stockholm, Sweden (M.C.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY (M.S.V.E.); Department of Biostatistics (Y.K.C.) and Department of Epidemiology (M.D.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; and Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS-UMR1153), Paris, France (M.D.)
| | - Mitchell S V Elkind
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine (E.T.), Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine (E.T., H.G., C.D., D.D.-M., C.B.W., R.L.S., T.R.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (B.I.H.), Diabetes Research Institute and Lipid Disorder Clinic (R.B.G.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (R.L.S.), University of Miami, FL; Department of System Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy (D.D.-M.); Biomarker Discovery and Advanced Technologies (BioDAT), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy (D.D.-M.); Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Stockholm, Sweden (M.C.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY (M.S.V.E.); Department of Biostatistics (Y.K.C.) and Department of Epidemiology (M.D.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; and Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS-UMR1153), Paris, France (M.D.)
| | - Ying Kuen Cheung
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine (E.T.), Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine (E.T., H.G., C.D., D.D.-M., C.B.W., R.L.S., T.R.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (B.I.H.), Diabetes Research Institute and Lipid Disorder Clinic (R.B.G.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (R.L.S.), University of Miami, FL; Department of System Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy (D.D.-M.); Biomarker Discovery and Advanced Technologies (BioDAT), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy (D.D.-M.); Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Stockholm, Sweden (M.C.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY (M.S.V.E.); Department of Biostatistics (Y.K.C.) and Department of Epidemiology (M.D.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; and Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS-UMR1153), Paris, France (M.D.)
| | - Clinton B Wright
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine (E.T.), Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine (E.T., H.G., C.D., D.D.-M., C.B.W., R.L.S., T.R.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (B.I.H.), Diabetes Research Institute and Lipid Disorder Clinic (R.B.G.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (R.L.S.), University of Miami, FL; Department of System Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy (D.D.-M.); Biomarker Discovery and Advanced Technologies (BioDAT), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy (D.D.-M.); Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Stockholm, Sweden (M.C.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY (M.S.V.E.); Department of Biostatistics (Y.K.C.) and Department of Epidemiology (M.D.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; and Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS-UMR1153), Paris, France (M.D.)
| | - Ralph L Sacco
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine (E.T.), Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine (E.T., H.G., C.D., D.D.-M., C.B.W., R.L.S., T.R.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (B.I.H.), Diabetes Research Institute and Lipid Disorder Clinic (R.B.G.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (R.L.S.), University of Miami, FL; Department of System Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy (D.D.-M.); Biomarker Discovery and Advanced Technologies (BioDAT), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy (D.D.-M.); Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Stockholm, Sweden (M.C.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY (M.S.V.E.); Department of Biostatistics (Y.K.C.) and Department of Epidemiology (M.D.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; and Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS-UMR1153), Paris, France (M.D.)
| | - Moise Desvarieux
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine (E.T.), Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine (E.T., H.G., C.D., D.D.-M., C.B.W., R.L.S., T.R.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (B.I.H.), Diabetes Research Institute and Lipid Disorder Clinic (R.B.G.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (R.L.S.), University of Miami, FL; Department of System Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy (D.D.-M.); Biomarker Discovery and Advanced Technologies (BioDAT), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy (D.D.-M.); Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Stockholm, Sweden (M.C.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY (M.S.V.E.); Department of Biostatistics (Y.K.C.) and Department of Epidemiology (M.D.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; and Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS-UMR1153), Paris, France (M.D.)
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine (E.T.), Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine (E.T., H.G., C.D., D.D.-M., C.B.W., R.L.S., T.R.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (B.I.H.), Diabetes Research Institute and Lipid Disorder Clinic (R.B.G.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (R.L.S.), University of Miami, FL; Department of System Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy (D.D.-M.); Biomarker Discovery and Advanced Technologies (BioDAT), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy (D.D.-M.); Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Stockholm, Sweden (M.C.); Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY (M.S.V.E.); Department of Biostatistics (Y.K.C.) and Department of Epidemiology (M.D.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; and Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS-UMR1153), Paris, France (M.D.)
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Flote VG, Vettukattil R, Bathen TF, Egeland T, McTiernan A, Frydenberg H, Husøy A, Finstad SE, Lømo J, Garred Ø, Schlichting E, Wist EA, Thune I. Lipoprotein subfractions by nuclear magnetic resonance are associated with tumor characteristics in breast cancer. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:56. [PMID: 26970778 PMCID: PMC4789271 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0225-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, has been associated with breast cancer development, but the association is under debate, and whether lipoprotein subfractions is associated with breast tumor characteristics remains unclear. Methods Among 56 women with newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer stage I/II, aged 35–75 years, pre-surgery overnight fasting serum concentrations of lipids were assessed, and body mass index (BMI) was measured. All breast tumors were immunohistochemically examined in the surgical specimen. Serum metabolomics of lipoprotein subfractions and their contents of cholesterol, free cholesterol, phospholipids, apolipoprotein-A1 and apolipoprotein-A2, were assessed using nuclear magnetic resonance. Principal component analysis, partial least square analysis, and uni- and multivariable linear regression models were used to study whether lipoprotein subfractions were associated with breast cancer tumor characteristics. Results The breast cancer patients had following means: age at diagnosis: 55.1 years; BMI: 25.1 kg/m2; total-Cholesterol: 5.74 mmol/L; HDL-Cholesterol: 1.78 mmol/L; Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)-Cholesterol: 3.45 mmol/L; triglycerides: 1.18 mmol/L. The mean tumor size was 16.4 mm, and the mean Ki67 hotspot index was 26.5 %. Most (93 %) of the patients had estrogen receptor (ER) positive tumors (≥1 % ER+), and 82 % had progesterone receptor (PgR) positive tumors (≥10 % PgR+). Several HDL subfraction contents were strongly associated with PgR expression: Apolipoprotein-A1 (β 0.46, CI 0.22–0.69, p < 0.001), HDL cholesterol (β 0.95, CI 0.51–1.39, p < 0.001), HDL free cholesterol (β 2.88, CI 1.28–4.48, p = 0.001), HDL phospholipids (β 0.70, CI 0.36–1.04, p < 0.001). Similar results were observed for the subfractions of HDL1-3. We observed inverse associations between HDL phospholipids and Ki67 (β -0.25, p = 0.008), and in particular between HDL1’s contents of cholesterol, phospholipids, apolipoprotein-A1, apolipoprotein-A2 and Ki67. No association was observed between lipoproteins and ER expression. Conclusion Our findings hypothesize associations between different lipoprotein subfractions, and PgR expression, and Ki 67 % in breast tumors. These findings may have clinical implications, but require confirmation in larger studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-016-0225-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidar G Flote
- The Cancer Centre, Oslo University Hospital HF, N-0424, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Riyas Vettukattil
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tone F Bathen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Thore Egeland
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432, Aas, Norway
| | - Anne McTiernan
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hanne Frydenberg
- The Cancer Centre, Oslo University Hospital HF, N-0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Husøy
- The Cancer Centre, Oslo University Hospital HF, N-0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sissi E Finstad
- Norwegian Directorate of Health, PO Box 7000, St. Olavs plass, N-0130, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon Lømo
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, N-0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Garred
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, N-0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ellen Schlichting
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, N-0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik A Wist
- The Cancer Centre, Oslo University Hospital HF, N-0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Thune
- The Cancer Centre, Oslo University Hospital HF, N-0424, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
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Arora S, Patra SK, Saini R. HDL—A molecule with a multi-faceted role in coronary artery disease. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 452:66-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Mehta N, Reilly M. Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the HAART-Treated HIV-1 Population. HIV CLINICAL TRIALS 2015; 6:5-24. [PMID: 15765307 DOI: 10.1310/ht0w-nx2n-u2bm-7luu] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the general population, is also an increasing cause for concern for HIV-infected patients. A number of risk factors for CVD are also associated with HIV disease and HIV therapy, particularly insulin resistance, metabolic dyslipidemia, and inflammation. For example, atherogenic dyslipidemia, a side effect of HIV therapy, is an established risk for CVD in the non-HIV-infected population. As our understanding of atherosclerotic disease evolves, new markers of CVD risk have been identified, including metabolic syndrome definitions and C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation. Use of these markers, in association with established risk factor guidelines, may serve as important tools in helping HIV physicians implement drug regimens that allow optimum management of metabolic complications associated with HIV and HAART, and thereby reduce CVD risk. The objective of this article is to review the mechanisms of atherosclerotic CVD and to discuss risk factors and markers that can be applied in the evaluation and treatment of CVD in the HIV-positive population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal Mehta
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Riwanto M, Rohrer L, von Eckardstein A, Landmesser U. Dysfunctional HDL: from structure-function-relationships to biomarkers. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2015; 224:337-366. [PMID: 25522994 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09665-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Reduced plasma levels of HDL-C are associated with an increased risk of CAD and myocardial infarction, as shown in various prospective population studies. However, recent clinical trials on lipid-modifying drugs that increase plasma levels of HDL-C have not shown significant clinical benefit. Notably, in some recent clinical studies, there is no clear association of higher HDL-C levels with a reduced risk of cardiovascular events observed in patients with existing CAD. These observations have prompted researchers to shift from a cholesterol-centric view of HDL towards assessing the function and composition of HDL particles. Of importance, experimental and translational studies have further demonstrated various potential antiatherogenic effects of HDL. HDL has been proposed to promote macrophage reverse cholesterol transport and to protect endothelial cell functions by prevention of oxidation of LDL and its adverse endothelial effects. Furthermore, HDL from healthy subjects can directly stimulate endothelial cell production of nitric oxide and exert anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects. Of note, increasing evidence suggests that the vascular effects of HDL can be highly heterogeneous and HDL may lose important anti-atherosclerotic properties and turn dysfunctional in patients with chronic inflammatory disorders. A greater understanding of mechanisms of action of HDL and its altered vascular effects is therefore critical within the context of HDL-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meliana Riwanto
- Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich and Center of Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) exert many beneficial effects which may help to protect against the development or progression of atherosclerosis or even facilitate lesion regression. These activities include promoting cellular cholesterol efflux, protecting low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) from modification, preserving endothelial function, as well as anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects. However, questions remain about the relative importance of these activities for atheroprotection. Furthermore, the many molecules (both lipids and proteins) associated with HDLs exert both distinct and overlapping activities, which may be compromised by inflammatory conditions, resulting in either loss of function or even gain of dysfunction. This complexity of HDL functionality has so far precluded elucidation of distinct structure-function relationships for HDL or its components. A better understanding of HDL metabolism and structure-function relationships is therefore crucial to exploit HDLs and its associated components and cellular pathways as potential targets for anti-atherosclerotic therapies and diagnostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wijtske Annema
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,
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Tran-Dinh A, Diallo D, Delbosc S, Varela-Perez LM, Dang QB, Lapergue B, Burillo E, Michel JB, Levoye A, Martin-Ventura JL, Meilhac O. HDL and endothelial protection. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:493-511. [PMID: 23488589 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) represent a family of particles characterized by the presence of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and by their ability to transport cholesterol from peripheral tissues back to the liver. In addition to this function, HDLs display pleiotropic effects including antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic or anti-proteolytic properties that account for their protective action on endothelial cells. Vasodilatation via production of nitric oxide is also a hallmark of HDL action on endothelial cells. Endothelial cells express receptors for apoA-I and HDLs that mediate intracellular signalling and potentially participate in the internalization of these particles. In this review, we will detail the different effects of HDLs on the endothelium in normal and pathological conditions with a particular focus on the potential use of HDL therapy to restore endothelial function and integrity.
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Tiozzo E, Gardener H, Hudson BI, Dong C, Della-Morte D, Crisby M, Goldberg RB, Elkind MSV, Cheung YK, Wright CB, Sacco RL, Rundek T. High-density lipoprotein subfractions and carotid plaque: the Northern Manhattan Study. Atherosclerosis 2014; 237:163-8. [PMID: 25240111 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this cross-sectional analysis was to investigate the relation between two major high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) subfractions (HDL2-C and HDL3-C) and carotid plaque in a population based cohort. METHODS We evaluated 988 stroke-free participants (mean age 66 ± 8 years; 40% men; 66% Hispanic and 34% Non-Hispanic) with available data on HDL subfractions using precipitation method and carotid plaque area and thickness assessed by a high-resolution 2D ultrasound. The associations between HDL-C subfractions and plaque measurements were analyzed by quantile regression. RESULTS Plaque was present in 56% of the study population. Among those with plaque, the mean ± SD plaque area was 19.40 ± 20.46 mm² and thickness 2.30 ± 4.45 mm. The mean ± SD total HDL-C was 46 ± 14 mg/dl, HDL2-C 14 ± 8 mg/dl, and HDL3-C 32 ± 8 mg/dl. After adjusting for demographics and vascular risk factors, there was an inverse association between HDL3-C and plaque area (per mg/dl: beta = -0.26 at the 75th percentile, p = 0.001 and beta = -0.32 at the 90th percentile, p = 0.02). A positive association was observed between HDL2-C and plaque thickness (per mg/dl; beta = 0.02 at the 90% percentile, p = 0.003). HDL-C was associated with plaque area (per mg/dl: beta = -0.18 at the 90th percentile, p = 0.01), but only among Hispanics. CONCLUSION In our cohort we observed an inverse association between HDL3-C and plaque area and a positive association between HDL2-C and plaque thickness. HDL-C subfractions may have different contributions to the risk of vascular disease. More studies are needed to fully elucidate HDL-C anti-atherosclerotic functions in order to improve HDL-based treatments in prevention of vascular disease and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Tiozzo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Hannah Gardener
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Barry I Hudson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Chuanhui Dong
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - David Della-Morte
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of System Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.
| | - Milita Crisby
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ronald B Goldberg
- Diabetes Research Institute and Lipid Disorder Clinic, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mitchell S V Elkind
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Ying Kuen Cheung
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Clinton B Wright
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Ralph L Sacco
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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Tani S, Takahashi A, Nagao K, Hirayama A. Contribution of apolipoprotein A-I to the reduction in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels by different statins: comparative study of pitavastatin and atorvastatin. Heart Vessels 2014; 30:762-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00380-014-0554-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Calabresi L, Gomaraschi M, Simonelli S, Bernini F, Franceschini G. HDL and atherosclerosis: Insights from inherited HDL disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:13-8. [PMID: 25068410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL) comprise a highly heterogeneous family of lipoprotein particles, differing in density, size, surface charge, and lipid and protein composition. Epidemiological studies have shown that plasma HDL level inversely correlates with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The most relevant atheroprotective function of HDL is to promote the removal of cholesterol from macrophages within the arterial wall and deliver it to the liver for excretion in a process called reverse cholesterol transport. In addition, HDLs can contribute to the maintenance of endothelial cell homeostasis and have potent antioxidant properties. It has been long suggested that individual HDL subclasses may differ in terms of their functional properties, but which one is the good particle remains to be defined. Inherited HDL disorders are rare monogenic diseases due to mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in HDL metabolism. These disorders are not only characterized by extremely low or high plasma HDL levels but also by an abnormal HDL subclass distribution, and thus represent a unique tool to understand the relationship between plasma HDL concentration, HDL function, and HDL-mediated atheroprotection. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Linking transcription to physiology in lipodomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Calabresi
- Centro Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
| | - Monica Gomaraschi
- Centro Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Simonelli
- Centro Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Franco Bernini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Guido Franceschini
- Centro Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Gomaraschi M, Ossoli A, Pozzi S, Nilsson P, Cefalù AB, Averna M, Kuivenhoven JA, Hovingh GK, Veglia F, Franceschini G, Calabresi L. eNOS activation by HDL is impaired in genetic CETP deficiency. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95925. [PMID: 24830642 PMCID: PMC4022511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the CETP gene resulting in defective CETP activity have been shown to cause remarkable elevations of plasma HDL-C levels, with the accumulation in plasma of large, buoyant HDL particles enriched in apolipoprotein E. Genetic CETP deficiency thus represents a unique tool to evaluate how structural alterations of HDL impact on HDL atheroprotective functions. Aim of the present study was to assess the ability of HDL obtained from CETP-deficient subjects to protect endothelial cells from the development of endothelial dysfunction. HDL isolated from one homozygous and seven heterozygous carriers of CETP null mutations were evaluated for their ability to down-regulate cytokine-induced cell adhesion molecule expression and to promote NO production in cultured endothelial cells. When compared at the same protein concentration, HDL and HDL3 from carriers proved to be as effective as control HDL and HDL3 in down-regulating cytokine-induced VCAM-1, while carrier HDL2 were more effective than control HDL2 in inhibiting VCAM-1 expression. On the other hand, HDL and HDL fractions from carriers of CETP deficiency were significantly less effective than control HDL and HDL fractions in stimulating NO production, due to a reduced eNOS activating capacity, likely because of a reduced S1P content. In conclusion, the present findings support the notion that genetic CETP deficiency, by affecting HDL particle structure, impacts on HDL vasculoprotective functions. Understanding of these effects might be important for predicting the outcomes of pharmacological CETP inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Gomaraschi
- Center E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alice Ossoli
- Center E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Pozzi
- Center E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Angelo B. Cefalù
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Policlinico “Paolo Giaccone”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Averna
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Policlinico “Paolo Giaccone”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - G. Kees Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Guido Franceschini
- Center E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Calabresi
- Center E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- * E-mail:
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48
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Andersen CJ, Fernandez ML. Dietary approaches to improving atheroprotective HDL functions. Food Funct 2014; 4:1304-13. [PMID: 23921436 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60207a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are known to protect against cardiovascular disease (CVD). In addition to facilitating reverse cholesterol transport to remove excess lipids from the body - including atherosclerotic plaques - HDL exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, and antithrombotic activities. Together, these properties contribute to the overall atheroprotective nature of HDL. However, similar to many other physiological pathways, these HDL parameters are known to become dysregulated in conditions of metabolic disease. Further, research suggests these alternative HDL properties may be regulated independently of blood HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, and must therefore be considered when designing HDL-targeted therapies. To date, a number of dietary strategies have been investigated to assess the effect of dietary components on functional properties of HDL beyond HDL-C. This review will highlight the bioactive nutrients, functional foods, and dietary programs known to modulate HDL function as a means of reducing CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Andersen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Road Ext., Unit 4017, Storrs, CT 06269-4017, USA
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49
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Öhman M, Öhman ML, Wållberg-Jonsson S. The apoB/apoA1 ratio predicts future cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 2014; 43:259-64. [PMID: 24689997 DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2013.877158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have increased mortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular disease (CVD). A high apolipoprotein (apo)B/apoA1 ratio is known to predict cardiovascular events (CVEs) in the population. apoA1 has, besides anti-atherogenic effects, anti-inflammatory properties. The importance of apolipoproteins in the development of CVEs, in the context of lipids, haemostatic factors, and inflammation, was evaluated over 18 years in patients with RA. METHOD Seventy-four patients with inflammatory active RA (61 females/13 males, mean age 63.6 years, disease duration 22.1 years) had been previously investigated in a study of haemostatic factors [tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, von Willebrand factor (vWF)], lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides), apolipoproteins (apoA1 and apoB), lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], and markers of inflammation [erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and haptoglobin]. After 18 years, the first CVE during follow-up and the presence of traditional CV risk factors, extra-articular disease, and pharmacological treatment were registered. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify predictors of a new CVE. RESULTS A new CVE (n = 34) was predicted by the apoB/apoA1 ratio (p < 0.01), the triglyceride level (p < 0.01), PAI-1 (p < 0.01) and tPA (p < 0.01) activities, vWF (p < 0.001), ESR (< 0.001), CRP (< 0.05), and haptoglobin (p < 0.05). apoA1 (p = 0.056) and apoB (p < 0.05) correlated weakly and inversely with haptoglobin and CRP, respectively. In a multiple Cox regression model, adjusted for gender and previous CVD, the apoB/apoA1 ratio significantly predicted a new CVE, as did vWF, PAI-1, and ESR. CONCLUSIONS The apoB/apoA1 ratio was a good predictor of CVE during 18 years of follow-up in patients with active RA. Apolipoproteins correlated negatively with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Öhman
- Institution of Medicine and Public Health/Rheumatology, University of Umeå , Sweden
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50
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Kilic H, Atalar E, Lay I, Yazihan N, Buyukcam F, Saygisunar U, Aksoy M, Gunduz H, Akdemir R. High-density lipoprotein subfractions and influence of endothelial lipase in a healthy Turkish population: a study in a land of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2014; 74:278-84. [PMID: 24479875 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2013.879992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is prevalent in Turkey. Endothelial lipase (EL) regulates lipoprotein metabolism. Small, lipid-poor HDL particles represent more-efficient cholesterol acceptors than their large, lipid-rich counterparts. The aim of this study was to investigate HDL subfractions and the effect of EL on HDL concentrations in healthy Turkish population. METHODS 102 healthy subjects were included in the study (mean age 33.6 ± 10.3 years, 42 female). HDL subfractions were assayed by single precipitation method and EL concentrations were measured by competitive enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS Mean HDL concentrations were 1.45 ± 0.37 mmol/L in women, 1.10 ± 0.30 mmol/L in men. Small HDL subfraction levels did not differ statistically between < 1 mmol/L and ≥ 1.6 mmol/L total HDL groups. Small HDL was not correlated with EL, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), triglyceride (TG) and age but positively correlated with total cholesterol and HDL (r = 0.2, p = 0.017; r = 0.2, p = 0.028, respectively). Large HDL was not correlated with age, EL and total cholesterol, and negatively correlated with HDL, LDL, TG (r = - 0.7, p < 0.001; r = - 0.2, p = 0.045; r = - 0.3, p < 0.001, respectively). If subjects were divided into two groups as HDL< 1 mmol/L and HDL > 1.6 mmol/L, mean EL concentrations were 475.83 ± 521.77 nmol/L and 529.71 ± 276.92 nmol/L, respectively (p = 0.086). CONCLUSION There were no differences between small HDL concentrations in the HDL low and high groups. Our data did not support EL to be the reason for low HDL in a healthy Turkish population. Our results in a healthy population may serve as a reference for clinical studies on HDL subfractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harun Kilic
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University , Sakarya
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