1
|
Rojas MG, Zigmond ZM, Pereira-Simon S, Santos Falcon N, Suresh Kumar M, Stoyell-Conti FF, Kosanovic C, Griswold AJ, Salama A, Yang X, Tabbara M, Vazquez-Padron RI, Martinez L. The intricate cellular ecosystem of human peripheral veins as revealed by single-cell transcriptomic analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296264. [PMID: 38206912 PMCID: PMC10783777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The venous system has been historically understudied despite its critical roles in blood distribution, heart function, and systemic immunity. This study dissects the microanatomy of upper arm veins at the single cell level, and how it relates to wall structure, remodeling processes, and inflammatory responses to injury. We applied single-cell RNA sequencing to 4 non-diseased human veins (3 basilic, 1 cephalic) obtained from organ donors, followed by bioinformatic and histological analyses. Unsupervised clustering of 20,006 cells revealed a complex ecosystem of endothelial cell (EC) types, smooth muscle cell (SMCs) and pericytes, various types of fibroblasts, and immune cell populations. The venous endothelium showed significant upregulation of cell adhesion genes, with arteriovenous zonation EC phenotypes highlighting the heterogeneity of vasa vasorum (VV) microvessels. Venous SMCs had atypical contractile phenotypes and showed widespread localization in the intima and media. MYH11+DESlo SMCs were transcriptionally associated with negative regulation of contraction and pro-inflammatory gene expression. MYH11+DEShi SMCs showed significant upregulation of extracellular matrix genes and pro-migratory mediators. Venous fibroblasts ranging from secretory to myofibroblastic phenotypes were 4X more abundant than SMCs and widely distributed throughout the wall. Fibroblast-derived angiopoietin-like factors were identified as versatile signaling hubs to regulate angiogenesis and SMC proliferation. An abundant monocyte/macrophage population was detected and confirmed by histology, including pro-inflammatory and homeostatic phenotypes, with cell counts positively correlated with age. Ligand-receptor interactome networks identified the venous endothelium in the main lumen and the VV as a niche for monocyte recruitment and infiltration. This study underscores the transcriptional uniqueness of venous cells and their relevance for vascular inflammation and remodeling processes. Findings from this study may be relevant for molecular investigations of upper arm veins used for vascular access creation, where single-cell analyses of cell composition and phenotypes are currently lacking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel G. Rojas
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Zachary M. Zigmond
- Bruce W. Carter Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Simone Pereira-Simon
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Nieves Santos Falcon
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Maya Suresh Kumar
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Filipe F. Stoyell-Conti
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Christina Kosanovic
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Anthony J. Griswold
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Alghidak Salama
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Marwan Tabbara
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Roberto I. Vazquez-Padron
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Bruce W. Carter Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Laisel Martinez
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Flournoy J, Ashkanani S, Chen Y. Mechanical regulation of signal transduction in angiogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:933474. [PMID: 36081909 PMCID: PMC9447863 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.933474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biophysical and biochemical cues work in concert to regulate angiogenesis. These cues guide angiogenesis during development and wound healing. Abnormal cues contribute to pathological angiogenesis during tumor progression. In this review, we summarize the known signaling pathways involved in mechanotransduction important to angiogenesis. We discuss how variation in the mechanical microenvironment, in terms of stiffness, ligand availability, and topography, can modulate the angiogenesis process. We also present an integrated view on how mechanical perturbations, such as stretching and fluid shearing, alter angiogenesis-related signal transduction acutely, leading to downstream gene expression. Tissue engineering-based approaches to study angiogenesis are reviewed too. Future directions to aid the efforts in unveiling the comprehensive picture of angiogenesis are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Flournoy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Institute for NanoBio Technology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shahad Ashkanani
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Institute for NanoBio Technology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Institute for NanoBio Technology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tan X, Gao P, Li Y, Qi P, Liu J, Shen R, Wang L, Huang N, Xiong K, Tian W, Tu Q. Poly-dopamine, poly-levodopa, and poly-norepinephrine coatings: Comparison of physico-chemical and biological properties with focus on the application for blood-contacting devices. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:285-296. [PMID: 32913935 PMCID: PMC7451900 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thanks to its simplicity, versatility, and secondary reactivity, dopamine self-polymerized coatings (pDA) have been widely used in surface modification of biomaterials, but the limitation in secondary molecular grafting and the high roughness restrain their application in some special scenarios. Therefore, some other catecholamine coatings analog to pDA have attracted more and more attention, including the smoother poly-norepinephrine coating (pNE), and the poly-levodopa coating (pLD) containing additional carboxyl groups. However, the lack of a systematic comparison of the properties, especially the biological properties of the above three catecholamine coatings, makes it difficult to give a guiding opinion on the application scenarios of different coatings. Herein, we systematically studied the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the three catecholamine coatings, and explored the feasibility of their application for the modification of biomaterials, especially cardiovascular materials. Among them, the pDA coating was the roughest, with the largest amount of amino and phenolic hydroxyl groups for molecule grafting, and induced the strongest platelet adhesion and activation. The pLD coating was the thinnest and most hydrophilic but triggered the strongest inflammatory response. The pNE coating was the smoothest, with the best hemocompatibility and histocompatibility, and with the strongest cell selectivity of promoting the proliferation of endothelial cells while inhibiting the proliferation of smooth muscle cells. To sum up, the pNE coating may be a better choice for the surface modification of cardiovascular materials, especially those for vascular stents and grafts, but it is still not widely recognized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Tan
- Key Lab of Advanced Technology of Materials of Education Ministry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Key Lab of Advanced Technology of Materials of Education Ministry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Yalong Li
- Department of Stem Cell Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, Henan Provincial People's Hospital; People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Pengkai Qi
- Key Lab of Advanced Technology of Materials of Education Ministry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Jingxia Liu
- Physical Education Department, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Ru Shen
- Key Lab of Advanced Technology of Materials of Education Ministry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Lianghui Wang
- Key Lab of Advanced Technology of Materials of Education Ministry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Key Lab of Advanced Technology of Materials of Education Ministry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Kaiqin Xiong
- Key Lab of Advanced Technology of Materials of Education Ministry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Wenjie Tian
- Cardiology Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China. 32 West Second Section, First Ring Road, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Qiufen Tu
- Key Lab of Advanced Technology of Materials of Education Ministry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang M, Monticone RE, McGraw KR. Proinflammation, profibrosis, and arterial aging. Aging Med (Milton) 2020; 3:159-168. [PMID: 33103036 PMCID: PMC7574637 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for quintessential cardiovascular diseases, which are closely related to arterial proinflammation. The age-related alterations of the amount, distribution, and properties of the collagen fibers, such as cross-links and degradation in the arterial wall, are the major sequelae of proinflammation. In the aging arterial wall, collagen types I, II, and III are predominant, and are mainly produced by stiffened vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) governed by proinflammatory signaling, leading to profibrosis. Profibrosis is regulated by an increase in the proinflammatory molecules angiotensin II, milk fat globule-EGF-VIII, and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) signaling and a decrease in the vasorin signaling cascade. The release of these proinflammatory factors triggers the activation of matrix metalloproteinase type II (MMP-2) and activates profibrogenic TGF-β1 signaling, contributing to profibrosis. The age-associated increase in activated MMP-2 cleaves latent TGF-β and subsequently increases TGF-β1 activity leading to collagen deposition in the arterial wall. Furthermore, a blockade of the proinflammatory signaling pathway alleviates the fibrogenic signaling, reduces profibrosis, and prevents arterial stiffening with aging. Thus, age-associated proinflammatory-profibrosis coupling is the underlying molecular mechanism of arterial stiffening with advancing age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyi Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health Baltimore Maryland
| | - Robert E Monticone
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health Baltimore Maryland
| | - Kimberly R McGraw
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health Baltimore Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schiffrin EL. How Structure, Mechanics, and Function of the Vasculature Contribute to Blood Pressure Elevation in Hypertension. Can J Cardiol 2020; 36:648-658. [PMID: 32389338 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Large conduit arteries and the microcirculation participate in the mechanisms of elevation of blood pressure (BP). Large vessels play roles predominantly in older subjects, with stiffening progressing after middle age leading to increases in systolic BP found in most humans with aging. Systolic BP elevation and increased pulsatility penetrate deeper into the distal vasculature, leading to microcirculatory injury, remodelling, and associated endothelial dysfunction. The result is target organ damage in the heart, brain, and kidney. In younger individuals genetically predisposed to high BP, increased salt intake or other exogenous or endogenous risk factors for hypertension, including overweight and excess alcohol intake, lead to enhanced sympathetic activity and vasoconstriction. Enhanced vasoconstrictor responses and myogenic tone become persistent when embedded in an increased extracellular matrix, resulting in remodelling of resistance arteries with a narrowed lumen and increased media-lumen ratio. Stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and endothelin systems and inflammatory and immune activation, to which gut microbiome dysbiosis may contribute as a result of salt intake, also participate in the injury and remodelling of the microcirculation and endothelial dysfunction. Inflammation of perivascular fat and loss of anticontractile factors play roles as well in microvessel remodelling. Exaggerated myogenic tone leads to closure of terminal arterioles, collapse of capillaries and venules, functional rarefaction, and eventually to anatomic rarefaction, compromising tissue perfusion. The remodelling of the microcirculation raises resistance to flow, and accordingly raises BP in a feedback process that over years results in stiffening of conduit arteries and systo-diastolic or predominantly systolic hypertension and, more rarely, predominantly diastolic hypertension. Thus, at different stages of life and the evolution of hypertension, large vessels and the microcirculation interact to contribute to BP elevation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto L Schiffrin
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang D, Uhrin P, Mocan A, Waltenberger B, Breuss JM, Tewari D, Mihaly-Bison J, Huminiecki Ł, Starzyński RR, Tzvetkov NT, Horbańczuk J, Atanasov AG. Vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation as a therapeutic target. Part 1: molecular targets and pathways. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1586-1607. [PMID: 29684502 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of human death worldwide. Excessive proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells contributes to the etiology of such diseases, including atherosclerosis, restenosis, and pulmonary hypertension. The control of vascular cell proliferation is complex and encompasses interactions of many regulatory molecules and signaling pathways. Herein, we recapitulated the importance of signaling cascades relevant for the regulation of vascular cell proliferation. Detailed understanding of the mechanism underlying this process is essential for the identification of new lead compounds (e.g., natural products) for vascular therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Wagistrasse 14, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Pavel Uhrin
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Strada Gheorghe Marinescu 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Birgit Waltenberger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes M Breuss
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal, 263136 Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Judit Mihaly-Bison
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Łukasz Huminiecki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Rafał R Starzyński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Nikolay T Tzvetkov
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany; NTZ Lab Ltd., Krasno Selo 198, 1618 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jarosław Horbańczuk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Implication of SPARC in the modulation of the extracellular matrix and mitochondrial function in muscle cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192714. [PMID: 29420632 PMCID: PMC5805355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is differentially associated with cell proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly. We show here the effect of exogenous SPARC inhibition/induction on ECM and mitochondrial proteins expression and on the differentiation of C2C12 cells. The cells were cultured in growth medium (GM) supplemented with different experimental conditions. The differentiation of myoblasts was studied for 5 days, the expressions of ECM and mitochondrial proteins were measured and the formation of the myotubes was quantified after exogenous induction/inhibition of SPARC. The results indicate that the addition of recombinant SPARC protein (rSPARC) in cell culture medium increased the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts and myogenin expression during the myotube formation. However, the treatment with antibody specific for SPARC (anti-SPARC) prevented the differentiation and decreased myogenin expression. The induction of SPARC in the proliferating and differentiating C2C12 cells increased collagen 1a1 protein expression, whereas the inhibition decreased it. The effects on fibronectin protein expression were opposite. Furthermore, the addition of rSPARC in C2C12 myoblast increased the expression of mitochondrial proteins, ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein II (UQCRC2) and succinate dehydrogenase iron-sulfur subunit (SDHB), whereas the anti-SPARC decreased them. During the differentiation, only the anti-SPARC had the effects on mitochondrial proteins, NADH dehydrogenase ubiquinone 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8 (NADHB8), SDHB and cytochrome c oxidase 1 (MTCO1). Thus, SPARC plays a crucial role in the proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 and may be involved in the link between the ECM remodeling and mitochondrial function.
Collapse
|
8
|
Horita Y, Mikami T, Houkin K, Mikuni N. Cerebral aneurysms associated with segmental dilative arteriopathy of the circle of Willis. Surg Neurol Int 2015; 6:S291-4. [PMID: 26167372 PMCID: PMC4496835 DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.159372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dilative arteriopathy is a form of dolichoectasia. It is sometimes observed in the posterior circulation, and it may be associated with various type of stroke. Herein, we report two unusual cases of saccular aneurysms associated with a segmental dilative arteriopathy located in the anterior circulation. CASE DESCRIPTIONS The first case is a 39-year-old woman with irregular tortuosity and coiling of the left internal cerebral artery along with saccular aneurysms in this artery. The second case is a 45-year-old woman presenting with a ruptured saccular aneurysm in the coiling of the anterior cerebral artery. In both cases, the aneurysm was clipped successfully, and the patients recovered uneventfully with no neurological deficits. CONCLUSION Dilative arteriopathy of the circle of Willis is an unusual anomaly and is characterized by tortuous and elongated arteries, which are sometimes observed in patients with a congenital anomaly. This report describes two cases of saccular aneurysm associated with dilative arteriopathy of the circle of Willis with no medical history, which to the best of our knowledge has not previously been described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Horita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mikami
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kiyohiro Houkin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Mikuni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shi F, Long X, Hendershot A, Miano JM, Sottile J. Fibronectin matrix polymerization regulates smooth muscle cell phenotype through a Rac1 dependent mechanism. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94988. [PMID: 24752318 PMCID: PMC3994013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscle cells are maintained in a differentiated state in the vessel wall, but can be modulated to a synthetic phenotype following injury. Smooth muscle phenotypic modulation is thought to play an important role in the pathology of vascular occlusive diseases. Phenotypically modulated smooth muscle cells exhibit increased proliferative and migratory properties that accompany the downregulation of smooth muscle cell marker proteins. Extracellular matrix proteins, including fibronectin, can regulate the smooth muscle phenotype when used as adhesive substrates. However, cells produce and organize a 3-dimensional fibrillar extracellular matrix, which can affect cell behavior in distinct ways from the protomeric 2-dimensional matrix proteins that are used as adhesive substrates. We previously showed that the deposition/polymerization of fibronectin into the extracellular matrix can regulate the deposition and organization of other extracellular matrix molecules in vitro. Further, our published data show that the presence of a fibronectin polymerization inhibitor results in increased expression of smooth muscle cell differentiation proteins and inhibits vascular remodeling in vivo. In this manuscript, we used an in vitro cell culture system to determine the mechanism by which fibronectin polymerization affects smooth muscle phenotypic modulation. Our data show that fibronectin polymerization decreases the mRNA levels of multiple smooth muscle differentiation genes, and downregulates the levels of smooth muscle α-actin and calponin proteins by a Rac1-dependent mechanism. The expression of smooth muscle genes is transcriptionally regulated by fibronectin polymerization, as evidenced by the increased activity of luciferase reporter constructs in the presence of a fibronectin polymerization inhibitor. Fibronectin polymerization also promotes smooth muscle cell growth, and decreases the levels of actin stress fibers. These data define a Rac1-dependent pathway wherein fibronectin polymerization promotes the SMC synthetic phenotype by modulating the expression of smooth muscle cell differentiation proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shi
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Xiaochun Long
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Allison Hendershot
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. Miano
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Jane Sottile
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ploeg M, Saey V, Delesalle C, Gröne A, Ducatelle R, de Bruijn M, Back W, van Weeren PR, van Loon G, Chiers K. Thoracic Aortic Rupture and Aortopulmonary Fistulation in the Friesian Horse. Vet Pathol 2014; 52:152-9. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985814528219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aortic rupture in horses is a rare condition. Although it is relatively common in the Friesian breed, only limited histopathologic information is available. Twenty Friesian horses (1–10 years old) were diagnosed with aortic rupture by postmortem examination. Ruptured aortic walls were analyzed with histology and immunohistochemistry. Based on the histologic and immunohistochemical findings, these cases were divided into 3 groups: acute ( n = 4, 20%), subacute ( n = 8, 40%), and chronic ( n = 8, 40%). Features common to samples from horses in all groups included accumulation of mucoid material; disorganization and fragmentation of the elastic laminae; aortic medial smooth muscle hypertrophy; and medial necrosis of varying degrees, ranging from mild and patchy in the acute cases to severe midzonal necrosis in the chronic cases. Inflammation, most likely secondary to medial necrosis, varied from predominantly neutrophilic infiltrates in the media and periadventitial tissue in the acute group to the presence of mainly hemosiderophages in the periadventitial tissue in the chronic group. Medial fibrosis with aberrant collagen morphology was seen in the subacute group and, more commonly, in the chronic group. Only minimal changes were seen in the aortic vasa vasorum. Smooth muscle hypertrophy and accumulation of mucoid material were not related to the age of the lesions. The findings of this study suggest that a connective tissue disorder affecting elastin or collagen in the aortic media is potentially the underlying cause of aortic rupture in Friesian horses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ploeg
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Authors with equal contribution
| | - V. Saey
- Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Authors with equal contribution
| | | | - A. Gröne
- Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - M. de Bruijn
- Wolvega Equine Hospital, Oldeholtpade, Netherlands
| | - W. Back
- Wolvega Equine Hospital, Oldeholtpade, Netherlands
| | | | | | - K. Chiers
- Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Opposing effects of collagen I and vitronectin on fibronectin fibril structure and function. Matrix Biol 2014; 34:33-45. [PMID: 24509439 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix fibronectin fibrils serve as passive structural supports for the organization of cells into tissues, yet can also actively stimulate a variety of cell and tissue functions, including cell proliferation. Factors that control and coordinate the functional activities of fibronectin fibrils are not known. Here, we compared effects of cell adhesion to vitronectin versus type I collagen on the assembly of and response to, extracellular matrix fibronectin fibrils. The amount of insoluble fibronectin matrix fibrils assembled by fibronectin-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts adherent to collagen- or vitronectin-coated substrates was not significantly different 20 h after fibronectin addition. However, the fibronectin matrix produced by vitronectin-adherent cells was ~10-fold less effective at enhancing cell proliferation than that of collagen-adherent cells. Increasing insoluble fibronectin levels with the fibronectin fragment, anastellin did not increase cell proliferation. Rather, native fibronectin fibrils polymerized by collagen- and vitronectin-adherent cells exhibited conformational differences in the growth-promoting, III-1 region of fibronectin, with collagen-adherent cells producing fibronectin fibrils in a more extended conformation. Fibronectin matrix assembly on either substrate was mediated by α5β1 integrins. However, on vitronectin-adherent cells, α5β1 integrins functioned in a lower activation state, characterized by reduced 9EG7 binding and decreased talin association. The inhibitory effect of vitronectin on fibronectin-mediated cell proliferation was localized to the cell-binding domain, but was not a general property of αvβ3 integrin-binding substrates. These data suggest that adhesion to vitronectin allows for the uncoupling of fibronectin fibril formation from downstream signaling events by reducing α5β1 integrin activation and fibronectin fibril extension.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Peripheral blood is a large accessible source of adult stem cells for both basic research and clinical applications. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) have been reported to contain a multitude of distinct multipotent progenitor cell populations and possess the potential to differentiate into blood cells, endothelial cells, hepatocytes, cardiomyogenic cells, smooth muscle cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, epithelial cells, neural cells, or myofibroblasts under appropriate conditions. Furthermore, transplantation of these PBMC-derived cells can regenerate tissues and restore function after injury. This mini-review summarizes the multi-differentiation potential of PBMCs reported in the past years, discusses the possible mechanisms for this multi-differentiation potential, and describes recent techniques for efficient PBMC isolation and purification.
Collapse
|
13
|
Angiogenic response of endothelial cells to fibronectin. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 749:131-51. [PMID: 22695843 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3381-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
14
|
Shi F, Sottile J. MT1-MMP regulates the turnover and endocytosis of extracellular matrix fibronectin. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:4039-50. [PMID: 22159414 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.087858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is dynamically remodeled by cells during development, normal tissue homeostasis and in a variety of disease processes. We previously showed that fibronectin is an important regulator of ECM remodeling. The deposition and/or polymerization of fibronectin into the ECM controls the deposition and stability of other ECM molecules. In addition, agents that inhibit fibronectin polymerization promote the turnover of fibronectin fibrils and enhance ECM fibronectin endocytosis and intracellular degradation. Endocytosis of ECM fibronectin is regulated by β1 integrins, including α5β1 integrin. We have examined the role of extracellular proteases in regulating ECM fibronectin turnover. Our data show that membrane type matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MT1-MMP; also known as MMP14) is a crucial regulator of fibronectin turnover. Cells lacking MT1-MMP show reduced turnover and endocytosis of ECM fibronectin. MT1-MMP regulates ECM fibronectin remodeling by promoting extracellular cleavage of fibronectin and by regulating α5β1-integrin endocytosis. Our data also show that fibronectin polymerization stabilizes fibronectin fibrils and inhibits ECM fibronectin endocytosis by inhibiting α5β1-integrin endocytosis. These data are the first to show that an ECM protein and its modifying enzyme can regulate integrin endocytosis. These data also show that integrin trafficking plays a major role in modulating ECM fibronectin remodeling. The dual dependence of ECM fibronectin turnover on extracellular proteolysis and endocytosis highlights the complex regulatory mechanisms that control ECM remodeling to ensure maintenance of proper tissue function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shi
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box CVRI, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Perez VADJ, Ali Z, Alastalo TP, Ikeno F, Sawada H, Lai YJ, Kleisli T, Spiekerkoetter E, Qu X, Rubinos LH, Ashley E, Amieva M, Dedhar S, Rabinovitch M. BMP promotes motility and represses growth of smooth muscle cells by activation of tandem Wnt pathways. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 192:171-88. [PMID: 21220513 PMCID: PMC3019546 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201008060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel cell-signaling paradigm in which bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) consecutively and interdependently activates the wingless (Wnt)-β-catenin (βC) and Wnt-planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathways to facilitate vascular smooth muscle motility while simultaneously suppressing growth. We show that BMP-2, in a phospho-Akt-dependent manner, induces βC transcriptional activity to produce fibronectin, which then activates integrin-linked kinase 1 (ILK-1) via α4-integrins. ILK-1 then induces the Wnt-PCP pathway by binding a proline-rich motif in disheveled (Dvl) and consequently activating RhoA-Rac1-mediated motility. Transfection of a Dvl mutant that binds βC without activating RhoA-Rac1 not only prevents BMP-2-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell motility but promotes proliferation in association with persistent βC activity. Interfering with the Dvl-dependent Wnt-PCP activation in a murine stented aortic graft injury model promotes extensive neointima formation, as shown by optical coherence tomography and histopathology. We speculate that, in response to injury, factors that subvert BMP-2-mediated tandem activation of Wnt-βC and Wnt-PCP pathways contribute to obliterative vascular disease in both the systemic and pulmonary circulations.
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Roy DC, Wilke-Mounts SJ, Hocking DC. Chimeric fibronectin matrix mimetic as a functional growth- and migration-promoting adhesive substrate. Biomaterials 2010; 32:2077-87. [PMID: 21185596 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic protein engineering combines genetic, biochemical, and functional information to improve existing proteins or invent new protein technologies. Using these principles, we developed an approach to deliver extracellular matrix (ECM) fibronectin-specific signals to cells. Fibronectin matrix assembly is a cell-dependent process that converts the inactive, soluble form of fibronectin into biologically-active ECM fibrils. ECM fibronectin stimulates cell functions required for normal tissue regeneration, including cell growth, spreading, migration, and collagen reorganization. We have developed recombinant fibronectin fragments that mimic the effects of ECM fibronectin on cell function by coupling the cryptic heparin-binding fragment of fibronectin's first type III repeat (FNIII1H) to the integrin-binding domain (FNIII8-10). GST/III1H,8-10 supports cell adhesion and spreading and stimulates cell proliferation to a greater extent than plasma fibronectin. Deletion and site-specific mutant constructs were generated to identify the active regions in GST/III1H,8-10 and reduce construct size. A chimeric construct in which the integrin-binding, RGDS loop was inserted into the analogous site in FNIII8 (GST/III1H,8(RGD)), supported cell adhesion and migration, and enhanced cell proliferation and collagen gel contraction. GST/III1H,8(RGD) was expressed in bacteria and purified from soluble lysate fractions by affinity chromatography. Fibronectin matrix assembly is normally up-regulated in response to tissue injury. Decreased levels of ECM fibronectin are associated with non-healing wounds. Engineering fibronectin matrix mimetics that bypass the need for cell-dependent fibronectin matrix assembly in chronic wounds is a novel approach to stimulating cellular activities critical for tissue repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Roy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lefort CT, Wojciechowski K, Hocking DC. N-cadherin cell-cell adhesion complexes are regulated by fibronectin matrix assembly. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:3149-60. [PMID: 21084302 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.115733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin is a principal component of the extracellular matrix. Soluble fibronectin molecules are assembled into the extracellular matrix as insoluble, fibrillar strands via a cell-dependent process. In turn, the interaction of cells with the extracellular matrix form of fibronectin stimulates cell functions critical for tissue repair. Cross-talk between cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion complexes is essential for the organization of cells into complex, functional tissue during embryonic development and tissue remodeling. Here, we demonstrate that fibronectin matrix assembly affects the organization, composition, and function of N-cadherin-based adherens junctions. Using fibronectin-null mouse embryonic myofibroblasts, we identified a novel quaternary complex composed of N-cadherin, β-catenin, tensin, and actin that exists in the absence of a fibronectin matrix. In the absence of fibronectin, homophilic N-cadherin ligation recruited both tensin and α5β1 integrins into nascent cell-cell adhesions. Initiation of fibronectin matrix assembly disrupted the association of tensin and actin with N-cadherin, released α5β1 integrins and tensin from cell-cell contacts, stimulated N-cadherin reorganization into thin cellular protrusions, and decreased N-cadherin adhesion. Fibronectin matrix assembly has been shown to recruit α5β1 integrins and tensin into fibrillar adhesions. Taken together, these studies suggest that tensin serves as a common cytoskeletal link for integrin- and cadherin-based adhesions and that the translocation of α5β1 integrins from cell-cell contacts into fibrillar adhesions during fibronectin matrix assembly is a novel mechanism by which cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions are coordinated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig T Lefort
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yao Q, Hayman DM, Dai Q, Lindsey ML, Han HC. Alterations of pulse pressure stimulate arterial wall matrix remodeling. J Biomech Eng 2010; 131:101011. [PMID: 19831481 DOI: 10.1115/1.3202785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The effect of pulse pressure on arterial wall remodeling has not been clearly defined. The objective of this study was to evaluate matrix remodeling in arteries under nonpulsatile and hyperpulsatile pressure as compared with arteries under normal pulsatile pressure. Porcine carotid arteries were cultured for 3 and 7 days under normal, nonpulsatile, and hyperpulsatile pressures with the same mean pressure and flow rate using an ex vivo organ culture model. Fenestrae in the internal elastic lamina, collagen, fibronectin, and gap junction protein connexin 43 were examined in these arteries using confocal microscopy, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that after 7 days, the mean fenestrae size and the area fraction of fenestrae decreased significantly in nonpulsatile arteries (51% and 45%, respectively) and hyperpulsatile arteries (45% and 54%, respectively) when compared with normal pulsatile arteries. Fibronectin decreased (29.9%) in nonpulsatile arteries after 3 days but showed no change after 7 days, while collagen I levels increased significantly (106%) in hyperpulsatile arteries after 7 days. The expression of connexin 43 increased by 35.3% in hyperpulsatile arteries after 7 days but showed no difference in nonpulsatile arteries. In conclusion, our results demonstrated, for the first time, that an increase or a decrease in pulse pressure from its normal physiologic level stimulates structural changes in the arterial wall matrix. However, hyperpulsatile pressure has a more pronounced effect than the diminished pulse pressure. This effect helps to explain the correlation between increasing wall stiffness and increasing pulse pressure in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingping Yao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, 78249, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fogelstrand P, Féral CC, Zargham R, Ginsberg MH. Dependence of proliferative vascular smooth muscle cells on CD98hc (4F2hc, SLC3A2). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 206:2397-406. [PMID: 19841087 PMCID: PMC2768859 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20082845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Activation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to migrate and proliferate is essential for the formation of intimal hyperplasia. Hence, selectively targeting activated VSMCs is a potential strategy against vaso-occlusive disorders such as in-stent restenosis, vein-graft stenosis, and transplant vasculopathy. We show that CD98 heavy chain (CD98hc) is markedly up-regulated in neointimal and cultured VSMCs, and that activated but not quiescent VSMCs require CD98hc for survival. CD98hc mediates integrin signaling and localizes amino acid transporters to the plasma membrane. SMC-specific deletion of CD98hc did not affect normal vessel morphology, indicating that CD98hc was not required for the maintenance of resident quiescent VSMCs; however, CD98hc deletion reduced intimal hyperplasia after arterial injury. Ex vivo and in vitro, loss of CD98hc suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis in VSMCs. Furthermore, reconstitution with CD98hc mutants showed that CD98hc interaction with integrins was necessary for the survival of VSMCs. These studies establish the importance of CD98hc in VSMC proliferation and survival. Furthermore, loss of CD98hc was selectively deleterious to activated VSMCs while sparing resident quiescent VSMCs, suggesting that activated VSMCs are physiologically dependent on CD98hc, and hence, CD98hc is a potential therapeutic target in vaso-occlusive disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Per Fogelstrand
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang CC, Chen CH, Hwang SM, Lin WW, Huang CH, Lee WY, Chang Y, Sung HW. Spherically symmetric mesenchymal stromal cell bodies inherent with endogenous extracellular matrices for cellular cardiomyoplasty. Stem Cells 2009; 27:724-32. [PMID: 19259939 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2008-0944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cell transplantation via direct intramyocardial injection is a promising therapy for patients with myocardial infarction; however, retention of the transplanted cells at the injection sites remains a central issue following injection of dissociated cells. Using a thermoresponsive hydrogel system with a multiwell structure, we successfully developed an efficient technique to generate spherically symmetric bodies of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) inherent with endogenous extracellular matrices (ECMs) for direct intramyocardial injection. After injection through a needle and upon transferring to another growth surface, the time required to attach, migrate, and proliferate was significantly shorter for the MSC bodies than the dissociated MSCs. Employing a syngeneic rat model with experimental myocardial infarction, an intramyocardial injection was conducted with a needle directly into the peri-infarct areas. There were four treatment groups (n = 10): sham, phosphate-buffered saline, dissociated MSCs, and MSC bodies. The results obtained in the echocardiography and catheterization measurements demonstrated that the MSC body group had a superior heart function to the dissociated MSC group. Histologically, it was found that MSC bodies could provide an adequate physical size to entrap into the interstices of muscular tissues and offer a favorable ECM environment to retain the transplanted cells intramuscularly. Additionally, transplantation of MSC bodies stimulated a significant increase in vascular density, thus improving the cardiac function. These results indicated that the spherically symmetric bodies of MSCs developed in the study may serve as a cell-delivery vehicle and improve the efficacy of therapeutic cell transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Chi Wang
- Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lee WY, Chang YH, Yeh YC, Chen CH, Lin KM, Huang CC, Chang Y, Sung HW. The use of injectable spherically symmetric cell aggregates self-assembled in a thermo-responsive hydrogel for enhanced cell transplantation. Biomaterials 2009; 30:5505-13. [PMID: 19631978 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Typical cell transplantation techniques involve the administration of dissociated cells directly injected into muscular tissues; however, retention of the transplanted cells at the sites of the cell graft is frequently limited. An approach, using spherically symmetric aggregates of cells with a relatively uniform size self-assembled in a thermo-responsive methylcellulose hydrogel system, is reported in the study. The obtained cell aggregates preserved their endogenous extracellular matrices (ECM) and intercellular junctions because no proteolytic enzyme was used when harvesting the cell aggregates. Most of the cells within aggregates (with a radius of approximately 100 microm) were viable as indicated by the live/dead staining assay. After injection through a needle, the cell aggregates remained intact and the cells retained their activity upon transferring to another growth surface. The cell aggregates obtained under sterile conditions were transplanted into the skeletal muscle of rats via local injection. The dissociated cells were used as a control. It was found that the cell aggregates can provide an adequate physical size to entrap into the muscular interstices and offer a favorable ECM environment to enhance retention of the transplanted cells at the sites of the cell graft. These results indicated that the spherically symmetric cell aggregates developed in the study may serve as a cell delivery vehicle for therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chiang HY, Korshunov VA, Serour A, Shi F, Sottile J. Fibronectin is an important regulator of flow-induced vascular remodeling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:1074-9. [PMID: 19407246 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.108.181081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fibronectin is an important regulator of cell migration, differentiation, growth, and survival. Our data show that fibronectin also plays an important role in regulating extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Fibronectin circulates in the plasma and is also deposited into the ECM by a cell dependent process. To determine whether fibronectin affects vascular remodeling in vivo, we asked whether the fibronectin polymerization inhibitor, pUR4, inhibits intima-media thickening, and prevents excess ECM deposition in arteries using a mouse model of vascular remodeling. METHODS AND RESULTS To induce vascular remodeling, partial ligation of the left external and internal carotid arteries was performed in mice. pUR4 and the control peptide were applied periadventitially in pluronic gel immediately after surgery. Animals were euthanized 7 or 14 days after surgery. Morphometric analysis demonstrated that the pUR4 fibronectin inhibitor reduced carotid intima (63%), media (27%), and adventitial thickening (40%) compared to the control peptide (III-11C). Treatment with pUR4 also resulted in a dramatic decrease in leukocyte infiltration into the vessel wall (80%), decreased ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels, inhibited cell proliferation (60% to 70%), and reduced fibronectin and collagen I accumulation in the vessel wall. In addition, the fibronectin inhibitor prevented SMC phenotypic modulation, as evidenced by the maintenance of smooth muscle (SM) alpha-actin and SM myosin heavy chain levels in medial cells. CONCLUSIONS These data are the first to demonstrate that fibronectin plays an important role in regulating the vascular remodeling response. Collectively, these data suggest a therapeutic benefit of periadventitial pUR4 in reducing pathological vascular remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Yu Chiang
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sonoyama K, Greenstein A, Price A, Khavandi K, Heagerty T. Vascular remodeling: implications for small artery function and target organ damage. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2009; 1:129-37. [PMID: 19124402 DOI: 10.1177/1753944707086358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
At the level of the small artery, essential hypertension is associated with eutrophic inward remodeling. This involves reduction in lumen diameter by an increase in wall thickness. Previously thought to involve either hypertrophy or hyperplasia of the vascular smooth muscle cells in the media, it is now felt to be mediated by a functional property of the wall: myogenic tone. This is the ability of an artery to contract in response to an increase in intraluminal pressure. This autoregulatory function is also vital to ensure stabilisation of distal capillary pressures and so prevent, or limit, organ damage. Indeed in any animal model studied, when myogenic autoregulation is affected, target organ damage ensues. We have also observed, in two studies, that when myogenic autoregulation is damaged in the context of hypertension, eutrophic remodeling is replaced by an outward growth of the arterial wall with preservation of lumen diameter. This is called hypertrophic remodeling and, independently, has been observed by a number of groups in small arteries from patients with type 2 diabetes. We believe that this is a key reason for the unique propensity to hypertensive injury seen in patients with diabetes. We also discuss the significance of integrins, transmembrane proteins with wide ranging functions; from initiation of cell migration to intracellular signalling. Two particular integrins, alpha5beta1 and alphanubeta3, have been found to be necessary for both normal myogenic autoregulation and eutrophic remodeling and the possibility that damage to these may occur in diabetes is examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Sonoyama
- Division of Cardiovascular and Endocrine Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Khavandi K, Greenstein AS, Sonoyama K, Withers S, Price A, Malik RA, Heagerty AM. Myogenic tone and small artery remodelling: insight into diabetic nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008; 24:361-9. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfn583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
26
|
Zhou X, Rowe RG, Hiraoka N, George JP, Wirtz D, Mosher DF, Virtanen I, Chernousov MA, Weiss SJ. Fibronectin fibrillogenesis regulates three-dimensional neovessel formation. Genes Dev 2008; 22:1231-43. [PMID: 18451110 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1643308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
During vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, endothelial cell responses to growth factors are modulated by the compositional and mechanical properties of a surrounding three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrix (ECM) that is dominated by either cross-linked fibrin or type I collagen. While 3D-embedded endothelial cells establish adhesive interactions with surrounding ligands to optimally respond to soluble or matrix-bound agonists, the manner in which a randomly ordered ECM with diverse physico-mechanical properties is remodeled to support blood vessel formation has remained undefined. Herein, we demonstrate that endothelial cells initiate neovascularization by unfolding soluble fibronectin (Fn) and depositing a pericellular network of fibrils that serve to support cytoskeletal organization, actomyosin-dependent tension, and the viscoelastic properties of the embedded cells in a 3D-specific fashion. These results advance a new model wherein Fn polymerization serves as a structural scaffolding that displays adhesive ligands on a mechanically ideal substratum for promoting neovessel development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhou
- The Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chen CH, Wei HJ, Lin WW, Chiu I, Hwang SM, Wang CC, Lee WY, Chang Y, Sung HW. Porous tissue grafts sandwiched with multilayered mesenchymal stromal cell sheets induce tissue regeneration for cardiac repair. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 80:88-95. [PMID: 18539631 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvn149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To provide the basis for uniform cardiac tissue regeneration, a spatially uniform distribution of adhered cells within a scaffold is a prerequisite. To achieve this goal, a bioengineered tissue graft consisting of a porous tissue scaffold sandwiched with multilayered sheets of mesenchymal stromal cells was developed. METHODS AND RESULTS This tissue graft (sandwiched patch) was used to replace the infarcted wall in a syngeneic Lewis rat model with an experimentally chronic myocardial infarction (MI). There were four treatment groups (n >/= 10): sham, MI, empty patch, and sandwiched patch. After a 7 day culture of the sandwiched patch, a tissue graft with relatively uniform cell concentrations was obtained. The cells were viable and tightly adhered to the tissue scaffold, as the endogenous extracellular matrix inherent with multilayered cell sheets can act as an adhesive agent for cell attachment and retention. At retrieval, the area of the empty patch was relatively enlarged, suggesting reduced structural support, while that of the sandwiched patch remained about the same (P = 0.56). In the immunofluorescent staining, host cells together with neo-microvessels were clearly observed in the empty patch; however, there were still a large number of unfilled pores within the patch. In the sandwiched patch, besides host cells, originally seeded cells were populated within the entire patch. No apparent evidence of apoptotic cell death was found in both studied patches. Thus, the sandwiched-patch-treated hearts demonstrated a better heart function to the empty-patch-treated hearts (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that this novel bioengineered tissue graft can serve as a useful cardiac patch to restore the dilated left ventricle and stabilize heart functions after MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hung Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sottile J, Shi F, Rublyevska I, Chiang HY, Lust J, Chandler J. Fibronectin-dependent collagen I deposition modulates the cell response to fibronectin. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2007; 293:C1934-46. [PMID: 17928541 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00130.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Communication between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical for regulation of cell growth, survival, migration, and differentiation. Remodeling of the ECM can occur under normal physiological conditions, as a result of tissue injury, and in certain pathological conditions. ECM remodeling leads to alterations in ECM composition and organization that can alter many aspects of cell behavior, including cell migration. The cell migratory response varies depending on the type, amount, and organization of ECM molecules present, as well as the integrin and proteoglycan repertoire of the cells. We and others have shown that the deposition of several ECM molecules, including collagen types I and III, depends on the presence and stability of ECM fibronectin. Hence, the effect of fibronectin and fibronectin matrix on cell function may partially depend on its ability to direct the deposition of collagen in the ECM. In this study, we used collagen-binding fibronectin mutants and recombinant peptides that interfere with fibronectin-collagen binding to show that fibronectin-dependent collagen I deposition regulates the cell migratory response to fibronectin. These data show that the ability of fibronectin to organize other proteins in the ECM is an important aspect of fibronectin function and highlight the importance of understanding how interactions between ECM proteins influence cell behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Sottile
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Meng H, Wang Z, Hoi Y, Gao L, Metaxa E, Swartz DD, Kolega J. Complex hemodynamics at the apex of an arterial bifurcation induces vascular remodeling resembling cerebral aneurysm initiation. Stroke 2007; 38:1924-31. [PMID: 17495215 PMCID: PMC2714768 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.106.481234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Arterial bifurcation apices are common sites for cerebral aneurysms, raising the possibility that the unique hemodynamic conditions associated with flow dividers predispose the apical vessel wall to aneurysm formation. This study sought to identify the specific hemodynamic insults that lead to maladaptive vascular remodeling associated with aneurysm development and to identify early remodeling events at the tissue and cellular levels. METHODS We surgically created new branch points in the carotid vasculature of 6 female adult dogs. In vivo angiographic imaging and computational fluid dynamics simulations revealed the detailed hemodynamic microenvironment for each bifurcation, which were then spatially correlated with histologic features showing specific tissue responses. RESULTS We observed 2 distinct patterns of vessel wall remodeling: (1) hyperplasia that formed an intimal pad at the bifurcation apex and (2) destructive remodeling in the adjacent region of flow acceleration that resembled the initiation of an intracranial aneurysm, characterized by disruption of the internal elastic lamina, loss of medial smooth muscle cells, reduced proliferation of smooth muscle cells, and loss of fibronectin. CONCLUSIONS Strong localization of aneurysm-type remodeling to the region of accelerating flow suggests that a combination of high wall shear stress and a high gradient in wall shear stress represents a "dangerous" hemodynamic condition that predisposes the apical vessel wall to aneurysm formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Meng
- Toshiba Stroke Research Center, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gui L, Wojciechowski K, Gildner CD, Nedelkovska H, Hocking DC. Identification of the Heparin-binding Determinants within Fibronectin Repeat III1. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:34816-25. [PMID: 16982604 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m608611200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibronectins are high molecular mass glycoproteins that circulate as soluble molecules in the blood, and are also found in an insoluble, multimeric form in extracellular matrices throughout the body. Soluble fibronectins are polymerized into insoluble extracellular matrix (ECM) fibrils via a cell-dependent process. Recent studies indicate that the interaction of cells with the ECM form of fibronectin promotes actin organization and cell contractility, increases cell growth and migration, and enhances the tensile strength of artificial tissue constructs; ligation of integrins alone is insufficient to trigger these responses. Evidence suggests that the effect of ECM fibronectin on cell function is mediated in part by a matricryptic heparin-binding site within the first III1 repeat (FNIII1). In this study, we localized the heparin-binding activity of FNIII1 to a cluster of basic amino acids, Arg613, Trp614, Arg615, and Lys617. Site-directed mutagenesis of a recombinant fibronectin construct engineered to mimic the ECM form of fibronectin demonstrates that these residues are also critical for stimulating cell spreading and increasing cell proliferation. Cell proliferation has been tightly correlated with cell area. Using integrin- and heparin-binding fibronectin mutants, we found a positive correlation between cell spreading and growth when cells were submaximally spread on ECM protein-coated surfaces at the time of treatment. However, cells maximally spread on vitronectin or fibronectin still responded to the fibronectin matrix mimetic with an increase in growth, indicating that an absolute change in cell area is not required for the increase in cell proliferation induced by the matricryptic site of FNIII1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiong Gui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang HS, Wang SQ. Notoginsenoside R1 inhibits TNF-alpha-induced fibronectin production in smooth muscle cells via the ROS/ERK pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2006; 40:1664-74. [PMID: 16632126 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2005] [Revised: 12/23/2005] [Accepted: 01/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The matrix fibronectin protein plays an important role in vascular remodeling. Notoginsenoside R1 is the main ingredient with cardiovascular activity in Panax notoginseng; however, its molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. We report that notoginsenoside R1 significantly decreased TNF-alpha-induced activation of fibronectin mRNA, protein levels, and secretion in human arterial smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) in a dose-dependent manner. Notoginsenoside R1 scavenged hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in a dose-dependent manner in the test tube. TNF-alpha significantly increased intracellular ROS generation and then ERK activation, which was blocked by notoginsenoside R1 or DPI and apocynin, inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, or the antioxidant NAC. Our data demonstrated that TNF-alpha-induced upregulation of fibronectin mRNA and protein levels occurs via activation of ROS/ERK, which was prevented by treatment with notoginsenoside R1, DPI, apocynin, NAC, or MAPK/ERK inhibitors PD098059 and U0126. Notoginsenoside R1 significantly inhibited H2O2-induced upregulation of fibronectin mRNA and protein levels and secretion; it also significantly inhibited TNF-alpha and H2O2-induced migration. These results suggest that notoginsenoside R1 inhibits TNF-alpha-induced ERK activation and subsequent fibronectin overexpression and migration in HASMCs by suppressing NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS generation and directly scavenging ROS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27#, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Stawowy P, Fleck E. Proprotein convertases furin and PC5: targeting atherosclerosis and restenosis at multiple levels. J Mol Med (Berl) 2005; 83:865-75. [PMID: 16244876 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-005-0723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2005] [Accepted: 08/24/2005] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Several growth factors, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and proteolytic enzymes important for cell-cell/cell-matrix interactions in atherosclerosis and restenosis are initially synthesized as inactive precursor proteins. Activation of proproteins to biologically active molecules is regulated by limited endoproteolytic cleavage at dibasic amino acid residues. This type of activation typically requires the presence of suitable proprotein convertases (PCs). The PC-isozymes furin and PC5 are expressed in human atherosclerotic lesions and have been found to be up-regulated, following vascular injury in animal models in vivo. In vitro, these PCs can regulate vascular smooth muscle cell and macrophage functions and signaling events, through activation of pro-alpha-integrins and/or pro-membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases. Integrins link the cytoskeleton with the extracellular matrix and mediate bidirectional signaling and mechanotransduction, whereas matrix metalloproteinases are the major matrix-degrading enzymes. Both activities are required for cell recruitment to the intima. Furthermore, cleavage of extracellular matrix molecules by matrix metalloproteinases potentially contributes to weakening of the fibrous cap, promoting plaque rupture. Based on these recent in vitro and in vivo data, furin and PC5 are potential contributors to the initiation, progression, and complications of atherosclerosis and restenosis. Targeting these PCs may provide future anti-atherosclerotic therapies.
Collapse
|
33
|
Kintarak S, Nair SP, Speight PM, Whawell SA. A recombinant fragment of the fibronectin-binding protein of Staphylococcus aureus inhibits keratinocyte migration. Arch Dermatol Res 2005; 296:250-7. [PMID: 15503090 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-004-0515-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a common wound-infecting organism which can interact with cells via the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin (FN). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the FN-binding protein (FnBP) of S. aureus on the behaviour of a human skin keratinocytes cell line (UP). FN-coated plates and Transwell membranes were exposed to a recombinant protein encompassing the D1-D4 repeat region of S. aureus FnBPB (rFnBPBD1-D4) before cell adhesion and migration assays. The influence of this protein on migration into a wounded area, cell cycle progression and endogenous cellular FN assembly was also assessed. The rFnBPBD1-D4 protein potently inhibited S. aureus entry into UP keratinocytes but had no effect on cell adhesion to FN substrate. It inhibited UP keratinocyte Transwell migration by 17% (P= 0.04) and 31% (P=0.02) at 10 and 100 microg/ml, respectively. In the wound assay, 100 microg/ml of rFnBPBD1-D4 protein reduced the migration area by approximately 30%. No differences in cell cycle progression were observed. In the presence of rFnBPBD1-D4, most of the cellular FN matrix on the cell surface and along the cell filopodia seen in untreated cells was absent. Interaction of S. aureus FnBPs with FN may influence cell behaviour and thus play a role in delayed epithelial closure in infected healing wounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sompid Kintarak
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, 90112 Songkhla, Thailand
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Otis M, Campbell S, Payet MD, Gallo-Payet N. Angiotensin II stimulates protein synthesis and inhibits proliferation in primary cultures of rat adrenal glomerulosa cells. Endocrinology 2005; 146:633-42. [PMID: 15539557 DOI: 10.1210/en.2004-0935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) is one of the most important stimuli of rat adrenal glomerulosa cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether Ang II can stimulate cell proliferation and/or hypertrophy and investigate pathways and intracellular targets. A 3-d treatment with Ang II (5-100 nm), through the Ang II type 1 receptor subtype, abolished cell proliferation observed in control cells but increased protein synthesis. Preincubation with PD98059 (a MAPK kinase inhibitor) abolished basal proliferation and had no effect on basal protein synthesis but did reverse the effect of Ang II on protein synthesis. The p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 reversed the inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and abolished the increase in protein synthesis, whereas the c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor SP600125 had no effect. Time-course studies revealed that Ang II stimulated phosphorylation of both p42/p44mapk and p38 MAPK but did not activate c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Ang II had no effect on the level of cyclin E expression but increased the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase, p27Kip1, an effect abolished in cells preincubated with SB203580 and PD98059. In conclusion, in cultured rat glomerulosa cells, a 3-d treatment with Ang II increases protein synthesis, with a concomitant decrease in proliferation. These effects are mediated by both the p42/p44mapk and p38 MAPK pathways, which increase expression of the steroidogenic enzymes, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and p27Kip1, a protein known to block the cell cycle in G1 phase. Together these results support the key role of Ang II as a stimulus of steroid synthesis rather than a proliferating factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Otis
- Service of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ambesi A, Klein RM, Pumiglia KM, McKeown-Longo PJ. Anastellin, a Fragment of the First Type III Repeat of Fibronectin, Inhibits Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase and Causes G1 Arrest in Human Microvessel Endothelial Cells. Cancer Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.148.65.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The formation of a microvascular endothelium plays a critical role in the growth and metastasis of established tumors. The ability of a fragment from the first type III repeat of fibronectin (III1C), anastellin, to suppress tumor growth and metastasis in vivo has been reported to be related to its antiangiogenic properties, however, the mechanism of action of anastellin remains unknown. Utilizing cultures of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells, we provide evidence that anastellin inhibits signaling pathways which regulate the extracellular signal-regulated (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and subsequent expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins. Addition of anastellin to primary microvascular endothelial cells resulted in a complete inhibition of serum-dependent proliferation. Growth inhibition correlated with a decrease in serum-dependent expression of cyclin D1, cyclin A and the cyclin-dependent kinase, cdk4, key regulators of cell cycle progression through G1 phase. Consistent with a block in G1-S transition, anastellin inhibited serum-dependent incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into S-phase nuclei. Addition of anastellin to serum-starved microvessel cells resulted in a time-dependent and dose-dependent decrease in basal levels of phosphorylated MEK/ERK and blocked serum-dependent activation of ERK. Adenoviral infection with Ad.ΔB-Raf:ER, an inducible estrogen receptor-B-Raf fusion protein, restored levels of active ERK in anastellin-treated cells, rescued levels of cyclin D1, cyclin A, and cdk4, and rescued [3H]-thymidine incorporation. These data suggest that the antiangiogenic properties of anastellin observed in mouse models of human cancer may be due to its ability to block endothelial cell proliferation by modulating ERK signaling pathways and down-regulating cell cycle regulatory gene expression required for G1-S phase progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Ambesi
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - R. Matthew Klein
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Kevin M. Pumiglia
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sottile J. Regulation of angiogenesis by extracellular matrix. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2004; 1654:13-22. [PMID: 14984764 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2003.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2003] [Accepted: 07/04/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
During angiogenesis, endothelial cell growth, migration, and tube formation are regulated by pro- and anti-angiogenic factors, matrix-degrading proteases, and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Temporal and spatial regulation of extracellular matrix remodeling events allows for local changes in net matrix deposition or degradation, which in turn contributes to control of cell growth, migration, and differentiation during different stages of angiogenesis. Remodeling of the extracellular matrix can have either pro- or anti-angiogenic effects. Extracellular matrix remodeling by proteases promotes cell migration, a critical event in the formation of new vessels. Matrix-bound growth factors released by proteases and/or by angiogenic factors promote angiogenesis by enhancing endothelial migration and growth. Extracellular matrix molecules, such as thrombospondin-1 and -2, and proteolytic fragments of matrix molecules, such as endostatin, can exert anti-angiogenic effects by inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation. In contrast, other matrix molecules promote endothelial cell growth and morphogenesis, and/or stabilize nascent blood vessels. Hence, extracellular matrix molecules and extracellular matrix remodelling events play a key role in regulating angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Sottile
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 679, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Klein RM, Zheng M, Ambesi A, Van De Water L, McKeown-Longo PJ. Stimulation of extracellular matrix remodeling by the first type III repeat in fibronectin. J Cell Sci 2003; 116:4663-74. [PMID: 14576359 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The fibronectin matrix contains cryptic sites which are thought to modulate cellular biological responses. One of these sites, located in fibronectin's first type III repeat (III1c), influences signaling pathways that are relevant to cytoskeletal organization and cell cycle progression. The purpose of this study was to identify possible mechanisms responsible for the effects of III1c on cell behavior. Recombinant peptides representing various type III repeats of fibronectin were compared for their effects on fibronectin matrix organization and activation of intracellular signaling pathways. III1c and III13 but not III11c or III10 bound to monolayers of human skin fibroblasts in a dose- and time-dependent manner and were localized to the extracellular matrix. Binding of III13, but not III1c, to matrix was sensitive to heparitinase, suggesting that the association of III1c with the matrix was not dependent on heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Quantitative and morphological assessment indicated that, in contrast to previously published reports, the binding of III1c to cell layers did not result in the loss or disruption of matrix fibronectin. Binding of III1c but not III13 to the extracellular matrix did result in the loss of a conformationally sensitive epitope present within the EDA type III module of cellular fibronectin. III1c-induced loss of the EDA epitope did not require the presence of cells, occurred within 1 hour and was associated with the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) followed by the formation of filopodia. Maximal phosphorylation of p38 MAPK occurred within 1 hour, whereas cytoskeletal changes did not appear until 12 hours later. These findings are consistent with a model in which the binding of III1c to the extracellular matrix results in a conformational remodeling of the fibronectin matrix, which has both short- and long-term effects on cell physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Matthew Klein
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Midwood KS, Wierzbicka-Patynowski I, Schwarzbauer JE. Preparation and analysis of synthetic multicomponent extracellular matrix. Methods Cell Biol 2003; 69:145-61. [PMID: 12070990 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-679x(02)69011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim S Midwood
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sottile J, Hocking DC. Fibronectin polymerization regulates the composition and stability of extracellular matrix fibrils and cell-matrix adhesions. Mol Biol Cell 2002; 13:3546-59. [PMID: 12388756 PMCID: PMC129965 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e02-01-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 444] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2002] [Revised: 06/14/2002] [Accepted: 07/08/2002] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Remodeling of extracellular matrices occurs during development, wound healing, and in a variety of pathological processes including atherosclerosis, ischemic injury, and angiogenesis. Thus, identifying factors that control the balance between matrix deposition and degradation during tissue remodeling is essential for understanding mechanisms that regulate a variety of normal and pathological processes. Using fibronectin-null cells, we found that fibronectin polymerization into the extracellular matrix is required for the deposition of collagen-I and thrombospondin-1 and that the maintenance of extracellular matrix fibronectin fibrils requires the continual polymerization of a fibronectin matrix. Further, integrin ligation alone is not sufficient to maintain extracellular matrix fibronectin in the absence of fibronectin deposition. Our data also demonstrate that the retention of thrombospondin-1 and collagen I into fibrillar structures within the extracellular matrix depends on an intact fibronectin matrix. An intact fibronectin matrix is also critical for maintaining the composition of cell-matrix adhesion sites; in the absence of fibronectin and fibronectin polymerization, neither alpha5beta1 integrin nor tensin localize to fibrillar cell-matrix adhesion sites. These data indicate that fibronectin polymerization is a critical regulator of extracellular matrix organization and stability. The ability of fibronectin polymerization to act as a switch that controls the organization and composition of the extracellular matrix and cell-matrix adhesion sites provides cells with a means of precisely controlling cell-extracellular matrix signaling events that regulate many aspects of cell behavior including cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Sottile
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Guo L, Wu C. Regulation of fibronectin matrix deposition and cell proliferation by the PINCH-ILK-CH-ILKBP complex. FASEB J 2002; 16:1298-300. [PMID: 12060675 DOI: 10.1096/fj.02-0089fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Alteration in renal glomerular mesangial cell growth and fibronectin matrix deposition is a hallmark of glomerulosclerosis, which ultimately leads to end-stage renal failure. We have previously shown that the expression of integrin-linked kinase (ILK), a cytoplasmic component of the cell-extracellular matrix contacts, is increased in mesangial cells in human patients with diabetic nephropathy. We show here that ILK forms a complex with PINCH and CH-ILKBP in primary mesangial cells, which are co-clustered at fibrillar adhesions, sites that are involved in fibronectin matrix deposition. To investigate functional significance of the PINCH-ILK-CH-ILKBP complex formation, we expressed the PINCH-binding N-terminal fragment and the CH-ILKBP-binding C-terminal fragment of ILK, respectively, in mesangial cells by using an adenoviral expression system. Overexpression of either the N-terminal fragment or the C-terminal fragment of ILK effectively inhibited the PINCH-ILK-CH-ILKBP complex formation. Inhibition of the PINCH-ILK-CH-ILKBP complex formation significantly reduced fibronectin matrix deposition and inhibited cell proliferation. These results indicate that the PINCH-ILK-CH-ILKBP complex is critically involved in the regulation of mesangial fibronectin matrix deposition and cell proliferation, and suggest that it may potentially serve as a useful target in the therapeutic control of progressive renal failure and other pathological processes involving abnormal cell proliferation and fibronectin matrix deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lida Guo
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wierzbicka-Patynowski I, Schwarzbauer JE. Regulatory role for SRC and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in initiation of fibronectin matrix assembly. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:19703-8. [PMID: 11912200 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m200270200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin (FN) matrix assembly is a tightly regulated stepwise process that is initiated by interactions between FN and cell surface integrin receptors. These interactions activate many intracellular signaling pathways that regulate processes such as cell adhesion, migration, and survival. Here we demonstrate that cells lacking Src family kinases showed reduced ability to assemble FN fibrils as detected by immunofluorescence and by analysis of detergent extracts. The amount of FN matrix was further reduced by treatment with the phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI 3-kinase) inhibitor, wortmannin. CHOalpha5 cells, which are dependent on exogenous FN to initiate fibril formation, also showed significant reductions in matrix when treated with inhibitors of Src and PI 3-kinase. Combination of both inhibitors showed an additive inhibitory effect on assembly, which was concomitant with a loss of focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation. Decreased binding of the 70-kDa amino-terminal FN fragment at matrix assembly sites further supports a role for these kinases early during the process. We propose that these two signaling molecules, which lie downstream of integrins and focal adhesion kinase, are essential for efficient initiation of FN matrix assembly.
Collapse
|
42
|
Lopes N, Vasudevan SS, Alvarez RJ, Binkley PF, Goldschmidt PJ. Pathophysiology of plaque instability: insights at the genomic level. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2002; 44:323-38. [PMID: 12024331 DOI: 10.1053/pcad.2002.125097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and plaque rupture represent complex "traits" of unknown cause that involve multiple genes and their variants. Novel genomic technologies provide us with the tools that will allow for the identification of groupings of genes that determine either susceptibility or resistance relative to the development of atherosclerosis and its thromboembolic complications. This information may, in turn, lead to a clearer understanding of the cause and risk for atherosclerosis. Diagnostic tools, as well as preventive and therapeutic strategies, will be derived from such heightened understanding of the disease process. With this chapter, we have presented the current state of knowledge of atherosclerosis genomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neuza Lopes
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center For Genomic Science, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mercurius KO, Morla AO. Cell adhesion and signaling on the fibronectin 1st type III repeat; requisite roles for cell surface proteoglycans and integrins. BMC Cell Biol 2001; 2:18. [PMID: 11591215 PMCID: PMC57736 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-2-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2001] [Accepted: 08/20/2001] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first type III repeat of fibronectin is known to be involved in fibronectin matrix assembly, and recombinant proteins from this type III repeat can inhibit cell proliferation, tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. We have analyzed the way rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs) interact with a recombinant protein encompassing a C-terminal portion of the first type III repeat of fibronectin (protein III1-C). RESULTS Cells are able to adhere to and spread on III1-C coated on a dish. Both beta1 integrins and cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans serve as receptors for III1-C. For example, cell attachment to III1-C is partially inhibited by agents that block beta1 integrins or by heparin. Complete inhibition of cell attachment is seen only when integrin blocking agents are combined with heparin. Affinity chromatography revealed the binding of proteins that likely represent the integrin beta1 and alpha5 submits to a III1-C column. Cell adhesion to III1-C results in robust ERK1/2 activation that is blocked by integrin-blocking agents. In addition, cell adhesion to III1-C and ERK1/2 activation by III1-C are both inhibited by heparan sulfate but not by chondroitin sulfate. Moreover, heparitinase treatment, but not chondroitinase treatment of RASMCs results in reduced cell adhesion and ERK1/2 activation. Affinity chromatography experiments demonstrated that 35SO4-labeled cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans bound specifically to III1-C. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the 1st type III repeat of fibronectin contains a previously unrecognized cell adhesion domain that stimulates robust ERK1/2 activation in RASMCs. Cells interact with this domain through cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans and integrins, and both classes of receptors are required for optimal cell adhesion and ERK1/2 activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwesi O Mercurius
- Department of Pathology, MC 1089 Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, S. Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alex O Morla
- Department of Pathology, MC 1089 Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, S. Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tomasini-Johansson BR, Kaufman NR, Ensenberger MG, Ozeri V, Hanski E, Mosher DF. A 49-residue peptide from adhesin F1 of Streptococcus pyogenes inhibits fibronectin matrix assembly. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:23430-9. [PMID: 11323441 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m103467200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
F1 is an adhesin of Streptococcus pyogenes which binds the N-terminal 70-kDa region of fibronectin with high affinity. The fibronectin binding region of F1 is comprised of a 43-residue upstream domain and a repeat domain comprised of five tandem 37-residue sequences. We investigated the effects of these domains on the assembly of fibronectin matrix by human dermal fibroblasts, MG63 osteosarcoma cells, or fibroblasts derived from fibronectin-null stem cells. Subequimolar or equimolar concentrations of recombinant proteins containing both the upstream and repeat domains or just the repeat domain enhanced binding of fibronectin or its N-terminal 70-kDa fragment to cell layers; higher concentrations of these recombinant proteins inhibited binding. The enhanced binding did not result in greater matrix assembly and was caused by increased ligand binding to substratum. In contrast, recombinant or synthetic protein containing the 43 residues of the upstream domain and the first 6 residues from the repeat domain exhibited monophasic inhibition with an IC(50) of approximately 10 nm. Truncation of the 49-residue sequence at its N or C terminus caused loss of inhibitory activity. The 49-residue upstream sequence blocked incorporation of both endogenous cellular fibronectin and exogenous plasma fibronectin into extracellular matrix and inhibited binding of 70-kDa fragment to fibronectin-null cells in a fibronectin-free system. Inhibition of matrix assembly by the 49-mer had no effect on cell adhesion to substratum, cell growth, formation of focal contacts, or formation of stress fibers. These results indicate that the 49-residue upstream sequence of F1 binds in an inhibitory mode to N-terminal parts of exogenous and endogenous fibronectin which are critical for fibronectin fibrillogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B R Tomasini-Johansson
- Department of Medicine and the Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Davenpeck KL, Marcinkiewicz C, Wang D, Niculescu R, Shi Y, Martin JL, Zalewski A. Regional differences in integrin expression: role of alpha(5)beta(1) in regulating smooth muscle cell functions. Circ Res 2001; 88:352-8. [PMID: 11179205 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.88.3.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence to suggest that coronary smooth muscle cells (SMCs) differ from noncoronary SMCs. As integrin adhesion molecules regulate many SMC functions, we hypothesized that differences in integrin expression on coronary and noncoronary SMCs may account for cellular differences. Analysis of integrin expression on freshly isolated porcine coronary and noncoronary SMCs revealed that coronary SMCs express significantly less alpha(5)beta(1) than noncoronary SMCs, whereas the expression of total beta(1) and that of alpha(v)beta(3) are similar. Consistent with these findings, coronary SMCs demonstrated significantly less adhesion to fibronectin, compared with carotid artery SMCs. As alpha(5)beta(1)-mediated signaling has been associated with cellular proliferation, the effects of differential alpha(5)beta(1) expression on cell proliferation were examined by comparing primary coronary and carotid artery SMC proliferation. Coronary SMC growth was significantly lower than that of carotid artery SMCs when plated on fibronectin or type I collagen. Blocking alpha(5)beta(1) function on carotid artery SMCs produced a significant decrease in cellular proliferation, resulting in growth similar to that of coronary SMCs. Furthermore, blocking alpha(5)beta(1), but not alpha(v)beta(3), inhibited loss of alpha-smooth muscle actin in proliferating SMCs. Proliferating coronary SMCs were found to upregulate alpha(5)beta(1) expression, further indicating a role for alpha(5)beta(1) in SMC growth. These results suggest that dissimilar alpha(5)beta(1) integrin expression may mediate regional differences in phenotype of vascular SMCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K L Davenpeck
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sottile J, Hocking DC, Langenbach KJ. Fibronectin polymerization stimulates cell growth by RGD-dependent and -independent mechanisms. J Cell Sci 2000; 113 Pt 23:4287-99. [PMID: 11069773 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.113.23.4287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many aspects of cell behavior are regulated by cell-extracellular matrix interactions, including cell migration and cell growth. We previously showed that the addition of soluble fibronectin to collagen-adherent fibronectin-null cells enhances cell growth. This growth-promoting effect of fibronectin depended upon the deposition of fibronectin into the extracellular matrix; occupancy and clustering of fibronectin-binding integrins was not sufficient to trigger enhanced cell growth. To determine whether the binding of integrins to fibronectin's RGD site is required for fibronectin-enhanced cell growth, the ability of fibronectin lacking the integrin-binding RGD site (FN(Delta)RGD) to promote cell growth was tested. FN(Delta)RGD promoted cell growth when used as an adhesive substrate or when added in solution to collagen-adherent fibronectin-null cells. Addition of FN(Delta)RGD to collagen-adherent fibronectin-null cells resulted in a 1.6-1.8x increase in cell growth in comparison with cells grown in the absence of fibronectin. The growth-promoting effects of FN(Delta)RGD and wild-type fibronectin were blocked by inhibitors of fibronectin polymerization, including the anti-fibronectin antibody, L8. In addition, FN(Delta)RGD-induced cell growth was completely inhibited by the addition of heparin, and was partially blocked by either heparitinase-treatment or by addition of recombinant fibronectin heparin-binding domain. Heparin and heparitinase-treatment also partially blocked the growth-promoting effects of wild-type fibronectin, as well as the deposition of wild-type fibronectin into the extracellular matrix. These data suggest that cell surface heparan-sulfate proteoglycans contribute to the growth-promoting effects of FN(Delta)RGD and wild-type fibronectin. Addition of heparin, treatment with heparitinase, or incubation with monoclonal antibody L8 all inhibited the formation of short linear FN(Delta)RGD fibrils on the cell surface. Inhibitory (beta)1 integrin antibodies had no effect on FN(Delta)RGD fibril formation, FN(Delta)RGD-induced cell growth, or cell adhesion on FN(Delta)RGD-coated substrates. These data suggest that fibronectin fibril formation can promote cell growth by a novel mechanism that is independent of RGD-integrin binding, and that involves cell surface proteoglycans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Sottile
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 679, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. jane_sottile@urmc. rochester.edu
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Tamura K, Chen YE, Lopez-Ilasaca M, Daviet L, Tamura N, Ishigami T, Akishita M, Takasaki I, Tokita Y, Pratt RE, Horiuchi M, Dzau VJ, Umemura S. Molecular mechanism of fibronectin gene activation by cyclic stretch in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:34619-27. [PMID: 10930408 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m004421200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin plays an important role in vascular remodeling. A functional interaction between mechanical stimuli and locally produced vasoactive agents is suggested to be crucial for vascular remodeling. We examined the effect of mechanical stretch on fibronectin gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells and the role of vascular angiotensin II in the regulation of the fibronectin gene in response to stretch. Cyclic stretch induced an increase in vascular fibronectin mRNA levels that was inhibited by actinomycin D and CV11974, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist; cycloheximide and PD123319, an angiotensin II type 2 receptor antagonist, did not affect the induction. In transfection experiments, fibronectin promoter activity was stimulated by stretch and inhibited by CV11974 but not by PD123319. DNA-protein binding experiments revealed that cyclic stretch enhanced nuclear binding to the AP-1 site, which was partially supershifted by antibody to c-Jun. Site-directed mutation of the AP-1 site significantly decreased the cyclic stretch-mediated activation of fibronectin promoter. Furthermore, antisense c-jun oligonucleotides decreased the stretch-induced stimulation of the fibronectin promoter activity and the mRNA expression. These results suggest that cyclic stretch stimulates vascular fibronectin gene expression mainly via the activation of AP-1 through the angiotensin II type 1 receptor.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/metabolism
- Base Sequence
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA Primers
- Dactinomycin/pharmacology
- Fibronectins/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Synthesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptors, Angiotensin/metabolism
- Renin-Angiotensin System/genetics
- Transcription Factor AP-1/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transcriptional Activation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Tamura
- Cardiovascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine II, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Raines EW. The extracellular matrix can regulate vascular cell migration, proliferation, and survival: relationships to vascular disease. Int J Exp Pathol 2000; 81:173-82. [PMID: 10971738 PMCID: PMC2517724 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2613.2000.00155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the normal artery wall is a collection of fibrous proteins and associated glycoproteins embedded in a hydrated ground substance of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans. These distinct molecules are organized into a highly ordered network that are closely associated with the vascular cells that produce them. In addition to providing the architectural framework for the artery wall that imparts mechanical support and viscoelasticity, the ECM can regulate the behaviour of vascular cells, including their ability to migrate, proliferate and survive injury. The composition of the ECM is different within intimal lesions of atherosclerosis, which are composed of monocytes and lymphocytes from the circulation and smooth muscle cells (SMC) that migrate from the media to the intima (Ross 1993, 1999), and these differences may contribute to the altered phenotype of vascular cells within lesions. This review will briefly outline the ECM changes observed in atherosclerosis and restenosis and the potential relationship of these changes to altered vascular cell functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E W Raines
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Morla AO, Mogford JE. Control of smooth muscle cell proliferation and phenotype by integrin signaling through focal adhesion kinase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 272:298-302. [PMID: 10872843 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix proteins such as fibronectin (FN) and laminin (LM) are known to help control the growth and phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Here we have analyzed the relationship between growth factor and integrin signaling pathways in VSMCs. Culturing porcine coronary artery smooth muscle cells (PCASMCs) on FN and LM leads to distinct effects on cell proliferation and contractile protein expression. PCASMCs cultured on FN proliferate at a higher rate than cells cultured on LM, regardless of the growth factor used to support proliferation. Moreover, cells cultured on LM show higher levels of expression of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (a marker of smooth muscle cell differentiation) than cells cultured on FN. In contrast to the effects on proliferation and contractile protein expression, both FN and LM supported cell migration in response to PDGF. Also, both FN and LM supported activation of ERK1 and ERK2 in response to PDGF and bFGF. However, FN and LM did show a difference in their ability to support signaling through the focal adhesion kinase (FAK). PCASMCs cultured on FN show robust activation of FAK in response to either PDGF or bFGF, however, cells cultured on LM show little-to-no activation of FAK in response to the growth factors. The results show that integrin signaling pathways have a profound effect on VSMC proliferation and phenotype, and that FAK is an important intermediate in these signaling pathways. The implications of our findings on the mechanisms controlling VSMC proliferation and phenotype in pathological states such as atherosclerosis and restenosis are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A O Morla
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kinsella MG, Fischer JW, Mason DP, Wight TN. Retrovirally mediated expression of decorin by macrovascular endothelial cells. Effects on cellular migration and fibronectin fibrillogenesis in vitro. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:13924-32. [PMID: 10788518 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.18.13924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Decorin is a member of the widely expressed family of small leucine-rich proteoglycans. In addition to a primary role as a modulator of extracellular matrix protein fibrillogenesis, decorin can inhibit the cellular response to growth factors. Decorin expression is induced in endothelial cells during angiogenesis, but not when migration and proliferation are stimulated. Thus, decorin may support the formation of the fibrillar pericellular matrix that stabilizes the differentiated endothelial phenotype during the later stages of angiogenesis. Therefore, we tested whether constitutive decorin expression alone could modify endothelial cell migration and proliferation or affect pericellular matrix formation. To this end, replication-defective retroviral vectors were used to stably express bovine decorin, which was detected by Northern and Western blotting. The migration of endothelial cells that express decorin is significantly inhibited in both monolayer outgrowth and microchemotaxis chamber assays. The inhibition of cell migration by decorin was not accompanied by decreased proliferation. In addition, endothelial cells that express decorin assemble an extensive fibrillar fibronectin matrix more rapidly than control cells as assessed by immunocytochemical and fibronectin fibrillogenesis assays. These observations suggest that cell migration may be modulated by the influence of decorin on the assembly of the cell-associated extracellular matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M G Kinsella
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|