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Imai M, Kawamura M, Kochi I, Matsuoka T, Kihara S, Yamamoto H. Anti-Apo B-100 Autoantibody is a Marker of Unstable Coronary Plaque. J Atheroscler Thromb 2021; 28:1025-1034. [PMID: 33191364 PMCID: PMC8560848 DOI: 10.5551/jat.58784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a global leading cause of mortality. However, few biomarkers are available to predict future coronary plaque rupture. We have recently demonstrated that low levels of anti-apolipoprotein B-100 autoantibody (anti-apo B-100 Ab) correlated with an increased CVD risk in Japanese patients with diabetes. In the present study, we examined the relationship between serum anti-apo B-100 Ab levels and coronary plaque characteristics in patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS We conducted iMAP®-intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in 88 Japanese male patients undergoing elective PCI, and the five consecutive slices of IVUS images at the center of the most stenotic culprit lesion were used for identifying the plaque characteristics. The serum levels of anti-apo B-100 Ab against synthetic peptides (p45 or p210) were measured using a homemade enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Serum IgG levels of anti-apo B-100 Ab against both native p45 and p210 (IgG N-p45 and IgGN-p210) and malondialdehyde (MDA)-modified p45 and p210 (IgGMDA-p45 or IgGMDA-p210) showed a negative correlation with plaque burden in total male patients undergoing elective PCI. Additionally, both IgGN-p45 and IgGN-p210, but neither IgGMDA-p45 nor IgGMDA-p210, correlated negatively with necrotic and positively with fibrotic components of iMAP®-IVUS plaque characteristics in the patients with <1 month statin treatment before elective PCI ("statin-untreated" group). There was no significant correlation between anti-apo B-100 Ab and any plaque characteristics in the patients with statin treatment for 1 month or more before elective PCI ("statin-treated" group). CONCLUSION Measuring serum levels of anti-apo B-100 Ab might be helpful in the evaluation of unstable coronary plaque in male CVD patients without statin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minami Imai
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Mari Kawamura
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ikoi Kochi
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tetsuro Matsuoka
- Department of Cardiology, Hyogo Prefectural Nishinomiya Hospital
| | - Shinji Kihara
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroyasu Yamamoto
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
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2
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Allahverdian S, Ortega C, Francis GA. Smooth Muscle Cell-Proteoglycan-Lipoprotein Interactions as Drivers of Atherosclerosis. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2020; 270:335-358. [PMID: 33340050 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In humans, smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are the main cell type in the artery medial layer, in pre-atherosclerotic diffuse thickening of the intima, and in all stages of atherosclerotic lesion development. SMCs secrete the proteoglycans responsible for the initial binding and retention of atherogenic lipoproteins in the artery intima, with this retention driving foam cell formation and subsequent stages of atherosclerosis. In this chapter we review current knowledge of the extracellular matrix generated by SMCs in medial and intimal arterial layers, their relationship to atherosclerotic lesion development and stabilization, how these findings correlate with mouse models of atherosclerosis, and potential therapies aimed at targeting the SMC matrix-lipoprotein interaction for atherosclerosis prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Allahverdian
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Healthcare Research Institute, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Carleena Ortega
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Healthcare Research Institute, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gordon A Francis
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Healthcare Research Institute, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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3
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Interaction of arterial proteoglycans with low density lipoproteins (LDLs): From theory to promising therapeutic approaches. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2019.100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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4
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Afroz R, Cao Y, Rostam MA, Ta H, Xu S, Zheng W, Osman N, Kamato D, Little PJ. Signalling pathways regulating galactosaminoglycan synthesis and structure in vascular smooth muscle: Implications for lipoprotein binding and atherosclerosis. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 187:88-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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5
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Kijani S, Vázquez AM, Levin M, Borén J, Fogelstrand P. Intimal hyperplasia induced by vascular intervention causes lipoprotein retention and accelerated atherosclerosis. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/14/e13334. [PMID: 28716818 PMCID: PMC5532481 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Accelerated atherosclerosis diminishes the long term patency of vascular interventions, such as percutaneous coronary intervention and implantation of saphenous vein grafts. However, the cause of this accelerated atherosclerosis is unclear. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that intimal hyperplasia formed following vascular intervention promotes retention of atherogenic lipoproteins. Intimal hyperplasia was surgically induced in the mouse common carotid artery. The surgery was combined with different mouse models of hypercholesterolemia to obtain different cholesterol levels and to control the onsets of hypercholesterolemia. Three weeks after surgery, samples were immunostained for apoB lipoproteins, smooth muscle cells and leukocytes. Already at mild hypercholesterolemia (193 mg/dL), pronounced apoB lipoprotein retention was found in the extracellular matrix in both intimal hyperplasia and the injured underlying media. In contrast, minimal retention was detected in the uninjured proximal region of the same vessel, or in vessels from mice with normal cholesterol levels (81 mg/dL). Induction of aggravated hypercholesterolemia 3 weeks after surgery, when a mature intimal hyperplasia had been formed, caused a very rapid development of atherosclerotic lesions. Mechanistically, we show that lipoprotein retention was almost exclusively dependent on electrostatic interactions to proteoglycan glycosaminoglycans, and the lipoprotein retention to intimal hyperplasia could be inhibited in vivo using glycosaminoglycan‐binding antibodies. Thus, formation of intimal hyperplasia following vascular intervention makes the vessel wall highly susceptible for lipoprotein retention and accelerated atherosclerosis. The increased lipoprotein retention in intimal hyperplasia can be targeted by blocking the interaction between apoB lipoproteins and glycosaminoglycans in the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Kijani
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ana Maria Vázquez
- Innovation Managing Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Malin Levin
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Fogelstrand
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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6
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Brito V, Mellal K, Zoccal KF, Soto Y, Ménard L, Sarduy R, Faccioli LH, Ong H, Vázquez AM, Marleau S. Atheroregressive Potential of the Treatment with a Chimeric Monoclonal Antibody against Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans on Pre-existing Lesions in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:782. [PMID: 29163168 PMCID: PMC5672559 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The retention of lipoprotein particles in the intima, in particular to glycosaminoglycan side chains of proteoglycans, is a critical step in atherosclerosis initiation. Administration of chP3R99, a chimeric mouse/human monoclonal antibody inducing an anti-idiotypic network response against glycosaminoglycans was previously shown to prevent atherosclerotic lesion progression, yet its effect in the late-stage progression of lesions remains unknown. This study investigated the effect of chP3R99 at a late stage of disease development in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice and the vascular mechanisms involved. Male apolipoprotein E-deficient mice were fed a high-fat high-cholesterol diet from 4 to 19 weeks old, at which time mice were fed normal chow and 5 doses of chP3R99 (50 μg) or isotype-matched IgG (hR3) were administered subcutaneously weekly for the first 3 administrations, then at weeks 24 and 26 before sacrifice (week 28). Lesions progression was reduced by 88% in treated mice with no change in total plasma cholesterol levels, yet with increased sera reactivity to chP3R99 idiotype and heparin, suggesting the induction of an anti-idiotype antibody cascade against glycosaminoglycans, which was likely related with the atheroprotective effect. chP3R99 treatment initiated regression in a significant number of mice. Circulating levels of interleukin-6 were reduced along with a striking diminution of inflammatory cell accumulation in the vessel wall, and of VCAM-1 labeling in vivo. The ratio of IL-10/iNOS gene expression in aortas increased in chP3R99-treated mice. In conclusion, our results show that treatment with chP3R99 reduces vascular inflammatory burden and halts lesion progression with potential for regression in the late phase of the disease in atherosclerotic mice, and support the therapeutic intervention against glycosaminoglycans as a novel strategy to reverse atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Brito
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Division of Immunobiology, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Katia Mellal
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Karina F Zoccal
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Bromatology, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Yosdel Soto
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Division of Immunobiology, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Liliane Ménard
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Roger Sarduy
- Division of Immunobiology, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Lucia H Faccioli
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Bromatology, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Huy Ong
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ana M Vázquez
- Division of Immunobiology, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Sylvie Marleau
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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7
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Sarduy R, Brito V, Castillo A, Soto Y, Griñán T, Marleau S, Vázquez AM. Dose-Dependent Induction of an Idiotypic Cascade by Anti-Glycosaminoglycan Monoclonal Antibody in apoE -/- Mice: Association with Atheroprotection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:232. [PMID: 28316603 PMCID: PMC5334371 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the underlying pathology of most cardiovascular diseases, is triggered by the retention of apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins in the arterial wall through electrostatic interactions with glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains of proteoglycans. Previously, we reported the antiatherogenic properties of the chimeric monoclonal antibody (mAb) chP3R99-LALA, which binds sulfated GAGs, inhibits low-density lipoprotein (LDL)–chondroitin sulfate (CS) association, and abrogates LDL oxidation and foam cell formation. In preventive and therapeutic settings, apoE-deficient (apoE−/−) mice immunized with 50 μg of this mAb showed reduced atherosclerotic lesions related with the induction of autologous anti-GAG antibodies. Knowing that age and sex are major non-modifiable risk factors in the development of atherosclerosis, the present study aimed to assess the influence of these variables on the capacity of chP3R99-LALA mAb to generate an anti-CS antibody response. Also, we aimed at defining the impact of the dose of chP3R99-LALA on the anti-CS antibody induction and the atheroprotective effect of this mAb in apoE−/− mice. Neither age nor sex had an impact in the IgG anti-CS antibody response induced by s.c. immunization with this mAb. Moreover, chP3R99-LALA mAb reduced atherosclerotic lesions to a similar extent in both young male and female apoE−/− mice fed a hypercholesterolemic diet and, in middle-aged female apoE−/− mice, with spontaneous lesions. On the other hand, increasing the dose of chP3R99-LALA (200 vs. 50 μg) elicited an anti-idiotype antibody cascade characterized by higher levels of anti-idiotype (Ab2), anti-anti-idiotype (Ab3), and anti-CS antibody responses. Moreover, this dose increment resulted in a striking reduction of aortic atherosclerotic lesions in immunized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Sarduy
- Division of Immunobiology, Center of Molecular Immunology , Havana , Cuba
| | - Victor Brito
- Division of Immunobiology, Center of Molecular Immunology , Havana , Cuba
| | - Adriana Castillo
- Division of Immunobiology, Center of Molecular Immunology , Havana , Cuba
| | - Yosdel Soto
- Division of Immunobiology, Center of Molecular Immunology , Havana , Cuba
| | - Tania Griñán
- Division of Immunobiology, Center of Molecular Immunology , Havana , Cuba
| | - Sylvie Marleau
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal , Montréal, QC , Canada
| | - Ana María Vázquez
- Innovation Managing Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology , Havana , Cuba
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Tabas I. 2016 Russell Ross Memorial Lecture in Vascular Biology: Molecular-Cellular Mechanisms in the Progression of Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 37:183-189. [PMID: 27979856 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is initiated by the subendothelial accumulation of apoB-lipoproteins, which initiates a sterile inflammatory response dominated by monocyte-macrophages but including all classes of innate and adaptive immune cells. These inflammatory cells, together with proliferating smooth muscle cells and extracellular matrix, promote the formation of subendothelial lesions or plaques. In the vast majority of cases, these lesions do not cause serious clinical symptoms, which is due in part to a resolution-repair response that limits tissue damage. However, a deadly minority of lesions progress to the point where they can trigger acute lumenal thrombosis, which may then cause unstable angina, myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, or stroke. Many of these clinically dangerous lesions have hallmarks of defective inflammation resolution, including defective clearance of dead cells (efferocytosis), necrosis, a defective scar response, and decreased levels of lipid mediators of the resolution response. Efferocytosis is both an effector arm of the resolution response and an inducer of resolution mediators, and thus its defect in advanced atherosclerosis amplifies plaque progression. Preclinical causation/treatment studies have demonstrated that replacement therapy with exogenously administered resolving mediators can improve lesional efferocytosis and prevent plaque progression. Work in this area has the potential to potentiate the cardiovascular benefits of apoB-lipoprotein-lowering therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Tabas
- From the Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Cell Biology, and Physiology, Columbia University, New York.
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9
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Borén J, Williams KJ. The central role of arterial retention of cholesterol-rich apolipoprotein-B-containing lipoproteins in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: a triumph of simplicity. Curr Opin Lipidol 2016; 27:473-83. [PMID: 27472409 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Today, it is no longer a hypothesis, but an established fact, that increased plasma concentrations of cholesterol-rich apolipoprotein-B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins are causatively linked to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and that lowering plasma LDL concentrations reduces cardiovascular events in humans. Here, we review evidence behind this assertion, with an emphasis on recent studies supporting the 'response-to-retention' model - namely, that the key initiating event in atherogenesis is the retention, or trapping, of cholesterol-rich apoB-containing lipoproteins within the arterial wall. RECENT FINDINGS New clinical trials have shown that ezetimibe and anti-PCSK9 antibodies - both nonstatins - lower ASCVD events, and they do so to the same extent as would be expected from comparable plasma LDL lowering by a statin. These studies demonstrate beyond any doubt the causal role of apoB-containing lipoproteins in atherogenesis. In addition, recent laboratory experimentation and human Mendelian randomization studies have revealed novel information about the critical role of apoB-containing lipoproteins in atherogenesis. New information has also emerged on mechanisms for the accumulation in plasma of harmful cholesterol-rich and triglyceride-rich apoB-containing remnant lipoproteins in states of overnutrition. Like LDL, these harmful cholesterol-rich and triglyceride-rich apoB-containing remnant lipoprotein remnants become retained and modified within the arterial wall, causing atherosclerosis. SUMMARY LDL and other cholesterol-rich, apoB-containing lipoproteins, once they become retained and modified within the arterial wall, cause atherosclerosis. This simple, robust pathophysiologic understanding may finally allow us to eradicate ASCVD, the leading killer in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Borén
- aDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg bSahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden cSection of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Jon Williams
- From the Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (K.J.W.); Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy of the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden (K.J.W.); Departments of Medicine, Pathology & Cell Biology, and Physiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (I.T.); and Department of Medicine (Cardiology), the Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology and The Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.A.F.).
| | - Ira Tabas
- From the Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (K.J.W.); Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy of the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden (K.J.W.); Departments of Medicine, Pathology & Cell Biology, and Physiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (I.T.); and Department of Medicine (Cardiology), the Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology and The Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.A.F.)
| | - Edward A Fisher
- From the Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (K.J.W.); Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy of the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden (K.J.W.); Departments of Medicine, Pathology & Cell Biology, and Physiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (I.T.); and Department of Medicine (Cardiology), the Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology and The Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.A.F.)
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11
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Delgado-Roche L, Brito V, Acosta E, Pérez A, Fernández JR, Hernández-Matos Y, Griñán T, Soto Y, León OS, Marleau S, Vázquez AM. Arresting progressive atherosclerosis by immunization with an anti-glycosaminoglycan monoclonal antibody in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:557-66. [PMID: 26454078 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Atherogenesis is associated with the early retention of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in the arterial intima by interaction with glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-side chains of proteoglycans. Retained LDL undergo reactive oxygen species-mediated oxidation. Oxidized LDL trigger oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation, contributing to atherosclerosis development. Recently, we reported the preventive anti-atherogenic properties of the chimeric mouse/human monoclonal antibody (mAb) chP3R99-LALA, which were related to the induction of anti-chondroitin sulfate antibody response able to inhibit chondroitin sulfate dependent LDL-enhanced oxidation. In the present work, we aimed at further investigating the impact of chP3R99-LALA mAb vaccination on progressive atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (apoE(-/-)) fed with a high-fat high-cholesterol diet receiving 5 doses (50 µg) of the antibody subcutaneously, when ~5% of the aortic area was covered by lesions. Therapeutic immunization with chP3R99-LALA mAb halted atherosclerotic lesions progression. In addition, aortic OS was modulated, as shown by a significant (p<0.05) reduction of lipid and protein oxidation, preservation of antioxidant enzymes activity and reduced glutathione, together with a decrease of nitric oxide levels. chP3R99-LALA mAb immunization also regulated aortic NF-κB activation, diminishing the proinflammatory IL1-β and TNF-α gene expression as well as the infiltration of macrophages into the arterial wall. The therapeutic immunization of apoE(-/-) with progressive atheromas and persistent hypercholesterolemia using chP3R99-LALA mAb arrested further development of lesions, accompanied by a decrease of aortic OS and NF-κB-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression. These results contribute to broaden the potential use of this anti-GAG antibody-based immunotherapy as a novel approach to target atherosclerosis at different phases of progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livan Delgado-Roche
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Marine Bioproducts, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Víctor Brito
- Division of Immunobiology, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana 11600, Cuba
| | - Emilio Acosta
- Center of Advanced Studies of Cuba, La Lisa, Havana 13600, Cuba
| | - Arlenis Pérez
- Division of Immunobiology, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana 11600, Cuba
| | - Julio R Fernández
- Department of Genomic, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 11600, Cuba
| | - Yanet Hernández-Matos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmacy and Food Sciences Institute, University of Havana, Havana 13600, Cuba
| | - Tania Griñán
- Division of Immunobiology, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana 11600, Cuba
| | - Yosdel Soto
- Division of Immunobiology, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana 11600, Cuba
| | - Olga S León
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmacy and Food Sciences Institute, University of Havana, Havana 13600, Cuba
| | - Sylvie Marleau
- Faculty de of Pharmacy Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ana M Vázquez
- Innovation Managing Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana 11600, Cuba.
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Soto Y, Mesa N, Alfonso Y, Pérez A, Batlle F, Griñán T, Pino A, Viera J, Frómeta M, Brito V, Olivera A, Zayas F, Vázquez AM. Targeting arterial wall sulfated glycosaminoglycans in rabbit atherosclerosis with a mouse/human chimeric antibody. MAbs 2014; 6:1340-6. [PMID: 25517318 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.29970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of atherosclerosis is favored by increasing amounts of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in the artery wall. We previously reported the reactivity of chP3R99 monoclonal antibody (mAb) with sulfated glycosaminoglycans and its association with the anti-atherogenic properties displayed. Now, we evaluated the accumulation of this mAb in atherosclerotic lesions and its potential use as a probe for specific in vivo detection of the disease. Atherosclerosis was induced in NZW rabbits (n = 14) by the administration of Lipofundin 20% using PBS-receiving animals as control (n = 8). Accumulation of chP3R99 mAb in atherosclerotic lesions was assessed either by immunofluorescence detection of human IgG in fresh-frozen sections of aorta, or by immunoscintigraphy followed by biodistribution of the radiotracer upon administration of (99m)Tc-chP3R99 mAb. Immunofluorescence studies revealed the presence of chP3R99 mAb in atherosclerotic lesions 24 h after intravenous administration, whereas planar images showed an evident accumulation of (99m)Tc-chP3R99 mAb in atherosclerotic rabbit carotids. Accordingly, (99m)Tc-chP3R99 mAb uptake by lesioned aortic arch and thoracic segment was increased 5.6-fold over controls and it was 3.9-folds higher in carotids, in agreement with immunoscintigrams. Moreover, the deposition of (99m)Tc-chP3R99 mAb in the artery wall was associated both with the presence and size of the lesions in the different portions of evaluated arteries and was greater than in non-targeted organs. In conclusion, chP3R99 mAb preferentially accumulates in arterial atherosclerotic lesions supporting the potential use of this anti-glycosaminoglycans antibody for diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Key Words
- % ID/g, percentage of injected dose per gram of tissue
- At-R, Atherosclerotic rabbits
- CS, chondroitin sulfate
- CSPG, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans
- DS, dermatan sulfate
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay
- GAG, glycosaminoglycan
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- NZW rabbits, New Zealand White rabbits
- Non At-R, Non atherosclerotic rabbit
- PG, proteoglycans
- atherosclerosis
- glycosaminoglycans
- imaging
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
- monoclonal antibodies
- technetium-99m
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosdel Soto
- a Research and Development Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology , Havana , Cuba
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Shami A, Gonçalves I, Hultgårdh-Nilsson A. Collagen and related extracellular matrix proteins in atherosclerotic plaque development. Curr Opin Lipidol 2014; 25:394-9. [PMID: 25137612 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The structure, composition and turnover of the extracellular matrix (ECM) as well as cell-matrix interactions are crucial in the developing atherosclerotic plaque. There is a need for further insight into specific proteins in the ECM and their functions in the developing plaque, and during the last few years a number of publications have highlighted this very important field of research. These novel findings will be addressed in the present review. RECENT FINDINGS This review covers literature focused on collagen and ECM proteins interacting with collagen, and what their roles may be in plaque development. SUMMARY Acute myocardial infarction and stroke are common diseases that cause disability and mortality, and the underlying mechanism is often the rupture of a vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque. The vascular ECM and the tissue repair in the atherosclerotic lesion are important players in plaque progression. Understanding how specific proteins in the ECM interact with cells in the plaque and affect the fate of the plaque can lead to new treatments for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelie Shami
- aDepartment of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund bDepartments of Clinical Sciences cCardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmoe, Sweden
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Legein B, Temmerman L, Biessen EAL, Lutgens E. Inflammation and immune system interactions in atherosclerosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:3847-69. [PMID: 23430000 PMCID: PMC11113412 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1289-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, accounting for 16.7 million deaths each year. The underlying cause of the majority of CVD is atherosclerosis. In the past, atherosclerosis was considered to be the result of passive lipid accumulation in the vessel wall. Today's picture is far more complex. Atherosclerosis is considered a chronic inflammatory disease that results in the formation of plaques in large and mid-sized arteries. Both cells of the innate and the adaptive immune system play a crucial role in its pathogenesis. By transforming immune cells into pro- and anti-inflammatory chemokine- and cytokine-producing units, and by guiding the interactions between the different immune cells, the immune system decisively influences the propensity of a given plaque to rupture and cause clinical symptoms like myocardial infarction and stroke. In this review, we give an overview on the newest insights in the role of different immune cells and subtypes in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Legein
- Experimental Vascular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lieve Temmerman
- Experimental Vascular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Erik A. L. Biessen
- Experimental Vascular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian’s University, Pettenkoferstrasse 8a/9, 80336 Munich, Germany
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15
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Khoobdel M, Nayeri Fasaei B, Zahraei Salehi T, Khosravi M, Taheri M, Koochakzadeh A, Masihipour B, Motedayen MH, Akbari S. The production of monovalent and anti-idiotype antivenom against Mesobuthus eupeus (Scorpionida: Buthidae) venom in rabbits. Toxicon 2013; 76:44-9. [PMID: 24055069 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The antivenom production against poisonous creatures encounters a number of difficulties. Interestingly, according to the network theory the conventional antigens are not necessarily needed for producing antibodies against the venoms. In this investigation, the antivenom against Mesobuthus eupeus venom was produced based on the aforementioned theory. Polyclonal antibodies against M. eupeus venom were obtained from the immunized rabbits and the specific antibodies were isolated. After separation of Fab2, immunization process and production of the monovalent and anti-idiotype, these antivenoms were analyzed for the determination of their neutralizing power. The level of the produced antibodies in different stages of this study was also measured by ELISA assay. Four hundred and fifty micrograms of the venom can be neutralized by 4.2, 18 and 291 mg of monovalent, polyvalent and anti-idiotype antivenom, respectively. The ELISA results revealed that idiotypic antigens were six times more immunogenic than anti-idiotypes. The anti-idiotype antivenom can be produced on a large scale with minimum venom consumption. In addition, they are non-toxicant in immunized animals and can be used as a vaccine in people at the risk of scorpion stings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khoobdel
- Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Tabas
- Departments of Medicine, Anatomy & Cell Biology, and Physiology & Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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17
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Thelin MA, Bartolini B, Axelsson J, Gustafsson R, Tykesson E, Pera E, Oldberg Å, Maccarana M, Malmstrom A. Biological functions of iduronic acid in chondroitin/dermatan sulfate. FEBS J 2013; 280:2431-46. [PMID: 23441919 PMCID: PMC3717172 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The presence of iduronic acid in chondroitin/dermatan sulfate changes the properties of the polysaccharides because it generates a more flexible chain with increased binding potentials. Iduronic acid in chondroitin/dermatan sulfate influences multiple cellular properties, such as migration, proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis and the regulation of cytokine/growth factor activities. Under pathological conditions such as wound healing, inflammation and cancer, iduronic acid has diverse regulatory functions. Iduronic acid is formed by two epimerases (i.e. dermatan sulfate epimerase 1 and 2) that have different tissue distribution and properties. The role of iduronic acid in chondroitin/dermatan sulfate is highlighted by the vast changes in connective tissue features in patients with a new type of Ehler–Danlos syndrome: adducted thumb-clubfoot syndrome. Future research aims to understand the roles of the two epimerases and their interplay with the sulfotransferases involved in chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate biosynthesis. Furthermore, a better definition of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate functions using different knockout models is needed. In this review, we focus on the two enzymes responsible for iduronic acid formation, as well as the role of iduronic acid in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Thelin
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC, Lund University, Sweden
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18
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Abstract
A number of widespread and devastating chronic diseases, including atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease, have a pathophysiologically important inflammatory component. In these diseases, the precise identity of the inflammatory stimulus is often unknown and, if known, is difficult to remove. Thus, there is interest in therapeutically targeting the inflammatory response. Although there has been success with anti-inflammatory therapy in chronic diseases triggered by primary inflammation dysregulation or autoimmunity, there are considerable limitations. In particular, the inflammatory response is critical for survival. As a result, redundancy, compensatory pathways, and necessity narrow the risk:benefit ratio of anti-inflammatory drugs. However, new advances in understanding inflammatory signaling and its links to resolution pathways, together with new drug development, offer promise in this area of translational biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Tabas
- Department of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Christopher K. Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093–0651, USA
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