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Chen SY, Chiang IC, Chen YY, Hsu YH, Yen GC. Recent advances in the potential of Phyllanthus emblica L. and its related foods for combating metabolic diseases through methylglyoxal trapping. Food Res Int 2024; 194:114907. [PMID: 39232532 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) serves as the primary precursor for the nonenzymatic glycation of proteins and DNA, leading to advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Regular intake of dietary MG is strongly correlated with low-grade inflammation, potentially accelerating the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, cancers, liver diseases, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular diseases, aging, and bone loss. Although pharmaceutical agents (pimagedine and candesartan) have been developed to inhibit MG formation, they often come with serious side effects (nausea, diarrhea, headache, gastrointestinal disturbance, symptomatic hypotension, abnormal renal and liver function tests, development of antinuclear antibody, pernicious-like anemia, and hyperkalemia), highlighting the need for an efficient and safe approach to scavenging MG. Phyllanthus emblica Linn fruit, a nutritious edible fruit, and medicinal plant contains over 300 bioactive compounds. Among twenty-three herbals, 100 μg/mL of the aqueous extract of Phyllanthus emblica fruit (APF) exhibits the highest potency in trapping MG, achieving an 87.3 % reduction under d-fructose induced BSA-AGEs formation. However, there are few reports detailing APF and its related foods' specific impact on disease prevention through MG trapping. This review summarizes the mechanisms through which MG is linked to the development of metabolic diseases and provides several strategies for reducing MG levels using APF and its bioactive compounds. The potential antiglycation properties of APF may offer new applications in the food industry and pharmacological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yi Chen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - I-Chen Chiang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ying Chen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Gow-Chin Yen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; Advanced Plant and Food Crop Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
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Pandit S, Biswas TK, Bera S, Saha S, Jana U, Sur TK. Efficacy of Heart Revival, an Ayurvedic formulation, in hypertension and related risks - An exploratory single arm open label trial. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2024; 15:100975. [PMID: 39047600 PMCID: PMC11321376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2024.100975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Srikanta Pandit
- Department of Kayachikitsha, J.B. Roy State Ayurvedic Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 004, India
| | - Tuhin Kanti Biswas
- Department of Kayachikitsha, J.B. Roy State Ayurvedic Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 004, India
| | - Sayantan Bera
- Department of Kayachikitsha, J.B. Roy State Ayurvedic Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 004, India
| | - Sumana Saha
- Department of Kayachikitsha, J.B. Roy State Ayurvedic Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 004, India
| | - Utpalenedu Jana
- Department of Kayachikitsha, J.B. Roy State Ayurvedic Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 004, India
| | - Tapas Kumar Sur
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit (ICMR), R.G. Kar Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 004, India.
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Avinash PG, Hamid, Shams R, Dash KK, Shaikh AM, Ungai D, Harsányi E, Suthar T, Kovács B. Recent Insights into the Morphological, Nutritional and Phytochemical Properties of Indian Gooseberry ( Phyllanthus emblica) for the Development of Functional Foods. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:574. [PMID: 38475421 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Aonla, commonly known as Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica), is a plant native to India with various therapeutic and dietary benefits. This review covers the taxonomical, morphological, and species-level classifications of aonla fruit, including its flower biology, maturation, harvesting, and yield metrics. It also discusses the nutritional, physico-chemical, and phytochemical characteristics and the total antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and mineral compositions of several aonla fruit cultivars. Additionally, the health benefits of aonla are reviewed, including its analgesic, antipyretic, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, ulcerogenic, chemo-protective, neuroprotective, free radical scavenging, hypoglycaemic, and immunogenic properties, which make it beneficial in the treatment and prevention of various illnesses. Further various forms of fruit extract are also considered to be beneficial for the improvement of plant and animal health. Overall, aonla is a valuable fruit with significant potential for use in improving human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawar Gayatri Avinash
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144001, India
| | - Hamid
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144001, India
| | - Rafeeya Shams
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144001, India
| | - Kshirod Kumar Dash
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute of Engineering and Technology Malda, Malda 732141, India
| | - Ayaz Mukarram Shaikh
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science and Environmental Management, Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Diána Ungai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science and Environmental Management, Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Endre Harsányi
- Agricultural Research Institutes and Academic Farming (AKIT), Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Béla Kovács
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science and Environmental Management, Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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4
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An Overview of Cardiotonic Medicinal Plants from the Perspective of Iranian Traditional Medicine. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2023. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp-129338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Context: Cardiovascular disorders are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, especially in people with diabetes. Due to synthetic drugs’ adverse effects, new medicines are needed. Evidence Acquisition: Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) is one of the oldest medical systems. In this article, we first introduce a list of cardiotonic medicinal plants based on ITM. Then we review the cardio-related effects of these plants based on electronic databases. Results: Among the introduced medicinal plants from ITM, Phyllanthus emblica L., Rosa canina L., Ocimum basilicum L., and Melissa officinalis L. have cardiotonic effects. Also, P. emblica, O. basilicum, M. officinalis, Citrus medica L., Malus domestica Borkh., Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton, and R. canina have cardioprotective effects and possess several biological activities that reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors. Conclusions: The cardiotonic medicinal plants based on ITM have excellent value; several pharmacological studies have proved some of their cardioprotective and cardiotonic effects. The other plants’ potential for improving the heart’s contractile power as a cardiotonic drug must be evaluated in further pharmacological and clinical studies.
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Malik A, Khan A, Mahmood Q, Nawaz Marth MM, Riaz M, Tabassum T, Rasool G, Rehman MFU, Batool AI, Kanwal F, Cai R. In Vivo and In Silico Assessment of the Cardioprotective Effect of Thymus linearis Extract against Ischemic Myocardial Injury. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:43635-43646. [PMID: 36506215 PMCID: PMC9730472 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is irreversible cardiac tissue necrosis due to the blockage of one of the arteries. It leads to an insufficient supply of oxygen and nutrients, creating muscular damage in the affected regions. In the present study, aqueous methanolic extract of Thymus linearis was prepared to evaluate its activity against ischemic stress due to free radical production. GC-MS analysis was performed to evaluate the phytochemicals present in the plant extract. A chemical database of 30 compounds was virtually screened against NF-κB, COX2, and MCL, where γ-cadinene, β-bisabolene, and β-caryophyllene were found to be the best interacting ligands. To systematically assess cardioprotective activity against ischemia, isoproterenol and doxorubicin were used to induce cardiotoxicity in rats. The prepared extract of T. linearis (100 mg/kg) was given daily to animals for 21 days before injecting isoproterenol (85 mg/kg of animal weight) subcutaneously in two doses on the 20th and 21st days. In the case of doxorubicin, cardiotoxicity was induced in rats by a single injection (15 mg/kg) on the seventh day, and the extract was given to animals for 10 consecutive days. Animals' blood samples were used to monitor cardiac, liver, and other marker enzymes, including LDH, CPK, and AST. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also assayed in blood plasma to determine the degree of oxidative stress. H&E staining was performed to evaluate cardioprotection by plant extract, showing significant preventive effects in reducing cardiac injury induced by isoproterenol and doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Malik
- Department
of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University
of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Department
of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University
of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Qaisar Mahmood
- Department
of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University
of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
- Mukabbir
College of Pharmacy, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department
of Allied Health Sciences, University of
Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Tahira Tabassum
- Department
of Pathology, Sargodha Medical College, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Department
of Allied Health Sciences, University of
Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | | | - Aima Iram Batool
- Department
of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Fariha Kanwal
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Rujie Cai
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
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6
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Prabhakar P. Role of Indian fruits in the prevention and management of hypertension. JOURNAL OF THE PRACTICE OF CARDIOVASCULAR SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jpcs.jpcs_63_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
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Ahmed S, Ding X, Sharma A. Exploring scientific validation of Triphala Rasayana in ayurveda as a source of rejuvenation for contemporary healthcare: An update. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 273:113829. [PMID: 33465446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ayurveda remains the classical and comprehensive part of the ancient Indian medicine system for well-being promotive, disease preventive, and revival approach for the human body. Triphala Rasayana is mentioned in Ayurveda, comprising fruits of three plant species viz. Phyllanthus emblica L. (P. emblica), Terminalia chebula Retz (T. chebula), and Terminalia bellirica Roxb (T.bellirica). Triphala Rasayana has been utilized in various traditional medicine systems, viz., Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani. Traditionally Rasayana based drugs are utilized in different kinds of diseases without pathophysiological associations as indicated by current medication. Various medicinal attributes of Triphala Rasayana include antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and anticataract and is also considered as a pillar for gastrointestinal treatment, specifically in functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). Due to Rasayana's accessible mode of administration, availability, and affordability, there is an increase in its global acceptance. AIM OF REVIEW This review article summarizes the scientific validation, traditional uses, bioactive compounds, and ethnopharmacological properties of Triphala Rasayana. It also documents recent data on in vivo and in vitro pharmacological studies and clinical effects of Triphala Rasayana. MATERIAL AND METHOD A literature review is carried out using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, web of science, Ayush Research Portal, and Clinical Trials Registry-India. In addition to an electronic search, traditional ayurvedic texts and books were used as sources of information. RESULTS Traditionally, "Triphala Rasayana" is classified as a tridoshic rasayana and one of the most well-studied ayurvedic Rasayana. It showed various pharmacological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, cardioprotective, and antidiabetic. Besides this, Rasayana has reported ethnopharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, anticataract, wound healing, and radioprotection. It has shown a good impact on the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) system with the reported pharmacological activities in gastrointestinal disorders such as constipation, gastric ulcer, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Phytochemical studies of Triphala Rasayana revealed chemical constituents like gallic acid, ellagic acid, chebulic acid, chebulinic acid, methyl gallate, emblicanin A, and emblicanin B. Additionally, clinical studies found Triphala Rasayana to be effective against diabetes, constipation, and obesity. CONCLUSION The present review revealed that Triphala Rasayana may treat a diverse range of diseases, especially GIT disorders. Considering the beneficial properties of Triphala Rasayana and it's proven non-toxic nature could be a source of rejuvenation in contemporary healthcare. Nevertheless, its clinical data effectively provided precious signals to correlate ayurvedic biology and modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
| | - Xianting Ding
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Alok Sharma
- Department of Pharmacognosy, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
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Gantait S, Mahanta M, Bera S, Verma SK. Advances in biotechnology of Emblica officinalis Gaertn. syn. Phyllanthus emblica L.: a nutraceuticals-rich fruit tree with multifaceted ethnomedicinal uses. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:62. [PMID: 33489680 PMCID: PMC7801590 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02615-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emblica officinalis Gaertn. syn. Phyllanthus emblica L., universally known as ‘Amla’ or ‘Aonla’ or ‘Indian gooseberry’, is a popular fruit tree belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae and order Geraniales. It is said to be the very first tree that originated on earth, as claimed by age-old Indian mythology. Almost all parts of the tree i.e., root, bark, leaf, flower, fruit and seed are utilized in Ayurvedic and Unani medicinal formulations to improve the overall digestive process, decrease fever, act as a blood purifier, relieve asthma and cough, improve heart health, etc. This tree contains major secondary metabolites like emblicanin-A and emblicanin-B, and also is an affluent source of vitamin-C. Additionally, some other secondary metabolites like tannins, gallic acid, pyrogallol, and pectin are also present in significant amounts. Conventional propagation has been improved via suitable interventions of agrotechnology both in production and protection areas. However, the rate of propagation remains slower; therefore, attempts have been made for biotechnological advancements on E. officinalis. The present review makes an attempt to highlight the botanical description, geographical distribution, ethnopharmacological importance, conventional propagation and protection of this medicinal tree, describing the in vitro-based plant organ and tissue culture methods like direct and indirect organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis along with interventions of molecular marker-based biotechnology and nanotechnology. Further, the prospect of the yet-to-be-explored biotechnological methods for secondary metabolite enhancement like cell suspension, protoplast culture, genetic transformation, etc. and their potential for enhanced emblicanin production have also been discussed in this appraisal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Gantait
- Crop Research Unit (Genetics and Plant Breeding), Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, 741252 West Bengal India
| | - Manisha Mahanta
- Crop Research Unit (Genetics and Plant Breeding), Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, 741252 West Bengal India
| | - Soumen Bera
- College of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Burdwan, 713101 West Bengal India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Verma
- Institute of Biological Science, SAGE University, Baypass Road, Kailod Kartal, Indore, 452020 Madhya Pradesh India
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Kumar R, Bhargava P, Suchal K, Bhatia J, Arya DS. Targeting AGE-RAGE signaling pathway by Saxagliptin prevents myocardial injury in isoproterenol challenged diabetic rats. Drug Dev Res 2021; 82:589-597. [PMID: 33458850 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The role of Saxagliptin in diabetes-associated cardiovascular complications is controversial. This study aimed to investigate whether Saxagliptin could prevent Isoproterenol-induced myocardial changes in diabetic rats and to identify the possible mechanism as well. The high-fat diet/low-dose Streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats were divided into 3 groups: the control group (0.25% CMC for 28 days), the Isoproterenol group (85 mg/kg Isoproterenol for the last 2 days plus 0.25% CMC for 28 days), and the treatment group (10 mg/kg Saxagliptin for 28 days plus 85 mg/kg Isoproterenol for the last 2 days). Hemodynamic measurements were performed, and samples were examined for RAGE and NF-κB expressions, histopathological and ultrastructural changes, AGEs level, myocardial injury markers, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Saxagliptin significantly recovered cardiac function (p < .001), reverted myocardial injury and oxidative stress levels back to the control value (p < .05 to p < .001). Saxagliptin alleviates Isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury in diabetic rats by suppressing AGE-RAGE pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Poorva Bhargava
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kapiil Suchal
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jagriti Bhatia
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dharamvir Singh Arya
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Almatroodi SA, Alsahli MA, Almatroudi A, Dev K, Rafat S, Verma AK, Rahmani AH. Amla (Emblica officinalis): Role in health management via controlling various biological activities. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Bahramsoltani R, Rahimi R. An Evaluation of Traditional Persian Medicine for the Management of SARS-CoV-2. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:571434. [PMID: 33324206 PMCID: PMC7724033 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.571434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A new coronavirus causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged and with it, a global investigation of new antiviral treatments and supportive care for organ failure due to this life-threatening viral infection. Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) is one of the most ancient medical doctrines mostly known with the manuscripts of Avicenna and Rhazes. In this paper, we first introduce a series of medicinal plants that would potentially be beneficial in treating SARS-CoV-2 infection according to TPM textbooks. Then, we review medicinal plants based on the pharmacological studies obtained from electronic databases and discuss their mechanism of action in SARS-CoV-2 infection. There are several medicinal plants in TPM with cardiotonic, kidney tonic, and pulmonary tonic activities, protecting the lung, heart, and kidney, the three main vulnerable organs in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Some medicinal plants can prevent "humor infection", a situation described in TPM which has similar features to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pharmacological evaluations are in line with the therapeutic activities of several plants mentioned in TPM, mostly through antiviral, cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. Amongst the primarily-introduced medicinal plants from TPM, rhubarb, licorice, garlic, saffron, galangal, and clove are the most studied plants and represent candidates for clinical studies. The antiviral compounds isolated from these plants provide novel molecular structures to design new semisynthetic antiviral agents. Future clinical studies in healthy volunteers as well as patients suffering from pulmonary infections are necessary to confirm the safety and efficacy of these plants as complementary and integrative interventions in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roodabeh Bahramsoltani
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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12
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Rahman MM, Ferdous KU, Roy S, Nitul IA, Mamun F, Hossain MH, Subhan N, Alam MA, Haque MA. Polyphenolic compounds of amla prevent oxidative stress and fibrosis in the kidney and heart of 2K1C rats. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:3578-3589. [PMID: 32724620 PMCID: PMC7382108 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) is a natural source of antioxidants and possesses valuable medicinal properties. However, the protective effect of amla in the kidney of two-kidneys-one-clip (2K1C) rats has not been explained sufficiently. This study was performed to evaluate the renoprotective effect of amla fruit powder (2.5% W/W) supplementation in kidneys of 2K1C rats. 2K1C rats increased the remnant kidney wet weight and also increased plasma creatinine and uric acid concentration compared to the control. Amla supplementation ameliorates elevated creatinine and uric acid concentration in plasma of 2K1C rats. Various oxidative stress indicators such as malondialdehyde, nitric oxide (NO), and advanced protein oxidation product (APOP) were also increased in plasma, heart, and kidney tissues in 2K1C rats that were also significantly brought down to normal level by amla supplementation. Moreover, the inflammatory cells entry and fibrosis in the 2K1C rat's tissues were prevented by amla supplementation. These research results suggest that amla may restore plasma antioxidant capacities and prevents oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis in 2K1C rats. Taken these results as a base, clinical supplementation of dried amla powder in diet or juice to the CKD patients would be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | | | - Shraboni Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Iffat Ara Nitul
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Fariha Mamun
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Hemayet Hossain
- BCSIR LaboratoriesBangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchDhakaBangladesh
| | - Nusrat Subhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Md Ashraful Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Areeful Haque
- Department of PharmacyInternational Islamic University ChittagongChittagongBangladesh
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of PharmacyUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia
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Beetroot juice alleviates isoproterenol-induced myocardial damage by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in rats. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:147. [PMID: 30944794 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1677-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) juice (BRJ) is a good source of betalain (betacyanins and betaxanthin) pigments and exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and chemo-preventive activities in vitro and in vivo. The current study was performed to determine the cardioprotective effect of BRJ on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defense, functional impairment, and histopathology in rats with isoproterenol (ISP)-induced myocardial injury. Myocardial ischemia was induced by ISP (85 mg/kg) s.c. injection at 24 h intervals, followed by oral administration of BRJ for 28 days at doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg. ISP-induced myocardial damage was confirmed by an increase in heart weight to body weight ratio, % infarction size, serum cardiac indices (AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, LDH and CK-MB), and histological alterations in the myocardium. Pretreatment with BRJ (150 and 300 mg/kg) followed by ISP induction reduced oxidative/nitrosative stress and restored the cardiac endogenous antioxidants in rats. ISP augmented cardiac inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10), myeloperoxidase activity, NF-κB DNA binding and protein expression of NF-κB (p65), and the hyperlipidemia level was significantly reduced by the BRJ pretreatment. Furthermore, the BRJ pretreatment significantly reduced caspase-3, Bax, and MMP-9 protein expression, enhanced the Bcl-2 antiapoptotic protein expression, alleviated the extent of histological damage, myonecrosis, and edema, and maintained the architecture of cardiomyocytes. These findings suggest that BRJ pretreatment mitigates cardiac dysfunction and structural damages by decreasing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in cardiac tissues. These results further support the use of BRJ in traditional medicine against cardiovascular diseases.
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Hashem-Dabaghian F, Ziaee M, Ghaffari S, Nabati F, Kianbakht S. A systematic review on the cardiovascular pharmacology of Emblica officinalis Gaertn. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2018; 10:118-128. [PMID: 30386531 PMCID: PMC6203864 DOI: 10.15171/jcvtr.2018.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The Emblica officinalis (EO) fruit has traditionally been considered as a cardioactive
medication and has demonstrated remarkable cardiovascular effects in the pharmacological
literature. The present study systematically reviews EO’s potential for prevention and therapy of
cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
Methods: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Proquest, Ebsco, Google, Google Scholar, Ovid,
and Cochrane databases were searched from 1966 to 2017 for the English and non-English
literature using the terms including the cognates of EO including
amla, Emblic myrobalan,
Emblica officinalis, Emblica pectinata
, Indian gooseberry, and Phyllanthus emblica together
with antioxidant, arrhythmia, cardioprotective, cardiotoxicity, heart disease, heart failure,
hyperlipidemia, hypertension, myocardial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. The inclusion
criteria were in vitro, animal, and clinical cardiovascular pharmacological studies conducted on
EO and full-text accessibility. The exclusion criterion was studies in which a combination of EO
and at least one other plant was investigated. The reference lists of the retrieved articles were also
searched manually for additional eligible articles. The methodological quality of clinical trials was
assessed by the Jadad scale, and animal studies were evaluated by the ARRIVE checklist.
Results: Nineteen articles concerning the cardiovascular pharmacological effects of EO were
included in this review. The plant has shown antiatherogenic, anticoagulant, hypolipidemic,
antihypertensive, antioxidant, antiplatelet, and vasodilatory effects as well as lipid deposition
inhibitory properties. Moreover, it prevents from doxorubicin and isoproterenol cardiotoxicity
and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, and improves vascular endothelial function in
animal studies. Some high-quality clinical studies report the vasodilatory and myocardial
antioxidant properties as well as anti-platelet aggregation effects of this plant.
Conclusion: EO influences various cardiovascular risk-factors. However, there is not sufficient
evidence to confirm the plant efficacy in preventing and treating CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fataneh Hashem-Dabaghian
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ziaee
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samad Ghaffari
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Nabati
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Saeed Kianbakht
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
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Kanthe PS, Patil BS, Bagali SC, Reddy RC, Aithala MR, Das KK. Protective effects of Ethanolic Extract of Emblica officinalis (amla) on Cardiovascular Pathophysiology of Rats, Fed with High Fat Diet. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:CC05-CC09. [PMID: 29207698 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/28474.10628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Dietary high fat alters lipid profile and possibly induce sympatho-vagal imbalance. Emblica officinalis is found to be potential antioxidant and possibly counteract hyperlipidemia induced lipid peroxidation. Aim To assess Ethanolic extract of Emblica Officinalis (EEO) as lipid lowering and cardiovascular protective agent against high dietary fat supplemented to experimental rats. Further to study a comparative analysis between EEO and atorvastatin on hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular integrity. Materials and Methods EEO was prepared and phytochemical analysis was done. Rats were divided into five groups, having six rats in each group as following; Group I-control (20% fat); Group II (+ EEO 100 mg/kg body wt); Group III (fed with high fat diet; 30% fat); Group IV (fed with high fat diet; 30% fat + EEO 100 mg/kg body wt) and Group V (fed with high fat diet; 30% fat + atorvastatin 4 mg/kg body wt). The treatments were continued for 21 days. Gravimetric parameters and electrophysiological parameters {Heart Rate (HR), sympatho-vagal balance} were recorded and lipid profiles of all the groups were measured. ANOVA, correlation and multiple regressions were done for analysis of data. Results Significant alteration in serum lipid profile was observed in rats fed with high dietary fat but supplementation of EEO was found to be reversible. Electrophysiological evaluation revealed altered HR and sympatho-vagal balance in high dietary fat fed rats (Group III) which indicate cardiac autonomic malfunctions which were found to be improved in Emblica officinalis supplemented group of rats (Group IV). Further, analysis has shown significant negative correlation between HDL/LDL and sympatho-vagal balance in all groups of rats which clearly indicate a role of dietary fat on sympatho-vagal balance. These results further corroborated with findings of histopathological study on myocardium and elastic artery. Conclusion Observations from the study indicate a beneficial role of ethanolic extract of Emblica officinalis (amla) on dyslipidemia and cardiac autonomic functions in rats treated with high fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Shantkumar Kanthe
- PhD Scholar, Department of Laboratory of Vascular Physiology and Medicine, Department of Physiology, BLDE University Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Vijayapura, Karnataka, India
| | - Bheemshetty S Patil
- Lecturer, Department of Anatomy, BLDE University Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Vijayapura, Karnataka, India
| | - Shrilaxmi C Bagali
- Assistant Professor, Department of Laboratory of Vascular Physiology and Medicine, Department of Physiology, BLDE University Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Vijayapura, Karnataka, India
| | - R Chandramouli Reddy
- Junior Research Scientist, Department of Laboratory of Vascular Physiology and Medicine, Department of Physiology, BLDE University Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Vijayapura, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjunatha R Aithala
- Professor and Head, Department of Physiology, BLDE University Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Vijayapura, Karnataka, India
| | - Kusal K Das
- Professor, Department of Laboratory of Vascular Physiology and Medicine, Department of Physiology, BLDE University Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Vijayapura, Karnataka, India
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Traditional knowledge to clinical trials: A review on therapeutic actions of Emblica officinalis. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:1292-1302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Emblica officinalis (Amla): A review for its phytochemistry, ethnomedicinal uses and medicinal potentials with respect to molecular mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:180-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Amla Enhances Mitochondrial Spare Respiratory Capacity by Increasing Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Antioxidant Systems in a Murine Skeletal Muscle Cell Line. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:1735841. [PMID: 27340504 PMCID: PMC4909908 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1735841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Amla is one of the most important plants in Indian traditional medicine and has been shown to improve various age-related disorders while decreasing oxidative stress. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a proposed cause of aging through elevated oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated the effects of Amla on mitochondrial function in C2C12 myotubes, a murine skeletal muscle cell model with abundant mitochondria. Based on cell flux analysis, treatment with an extract of Amla fruit enhanced mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity, which enables cells to overcome various stresses. To further explore the mechanisms underlying these effects on mitochondrial function, we analyzed mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant systems, both proposed regulators of mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity. We found that Amla treatment stimulated both systems accompanied by AMPK and Nrf2 activation. Furthermore, we found that Amla treatment exhibited cytoprotective effects and lowered reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in cells subjected to t-BHP-induced oxidative stress. These effects were accompanied by increased oxygen consumption, suggesting that Amla protected cells against oxidative stress by using enhanced spare respiratory capacity to produce more energy. Thus we identified protective effects of Amla, involving activation of mitochondrial function, which potentially explain its various effects on age-related disorders.
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Yadav CH, Najmi AK, Akhtar M, Khanam R. Cardioprotective role of H3R agonist imetit on isoproterenol-induced hemodynamic changes and oxidative stress in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2015; 25:235-40. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2014.997946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Li Y, Sun HY, Yu XY, Liu D, Wan HX. Evaluation of Cellular Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Five Main Phyllanthus Emblica L. Cultivars in China. Indian J Pharm Sci 2015; 77:274-82. [PMID: 26180272 PMCID: PMC4502141 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.159608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell-based antioxidant activity assay as more biological relevant assay was considered to be more accurate to predict antioxidant activity in vivo than chemical activity assays. In the present study, the five main Phyllanthus emblica L. cultivars in China were subjected for cellular antioxidant activity based on HepG2 cells as well as antiproliferative activity. Total phenolics, total flavonoids and oxygen radical absorbance capacity were also measured. The results showed that Qingyougan, Binggan and Boligan (832±100, 774±52 and 704±28 μmol of quercetin equivalents/100 g) had higher cellular antioxidant activity than Tianyougan and Yougan (553±50 and 457±24 μmol of quercetin equivalents/100 g) in phosphate buffered saline wash protocol whereas, Boligan (3735±217 μmol of quercetin equivalents/100 g) had the highest cellular antioxidant activity and Tianyougan (2025±171 μmol of quercetin equivalents/100 g) had the lowest cellular antioxidant activity in no phosphate buffered saline wash protocol. The highest and lowest antiproliferative activities were observed in Binggan and Tianyougan (median effective dose: 6.95±0.11 and 14.03±0.10 mg/ml), respectively. The significant correlation was only observed between total flavonoids and cellular antioxidant activity from no phosphate buffered saline wash protocol (R(2) =0.908, P<0.05), and total flavonoids and antiproliferative activity (R(2) =0.887, P<0.05), suggesting the major contribution of flavonoids to the bioactivities of emblica. Overall, the data obtained revealed that different Phyllanthus emblica L. cultivars had strong cellular antioxidant and antiproliferative activities, thus should be recommended to increase consumption for health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fermentation, Purification and Analysis, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen-518 055, China
| | - H Y Sun
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fermentation, Purification and Analysis, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen-518 055, China
| | - X Y Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Shenzhen Research Institute of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen-518 057, China
| | - D Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fermentation, Purification and Analysis, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen-518 055, China
| | - H X Wan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fermentation, Purification and Analysis, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen-518 055, China
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