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Barrantes Murillo DF, Cattley RC, Cullen JM, Withers C, Towns J, Pfeifle R, Wooldridge A, Neto RLALT. Intrahepatic mucinous cholangiocarcinoma with recurrent colic in a horse case report and literature review of cholangiocarcinoma in horses. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:547-553. [PMID: 38641993 PMCID: PMC11185110 DOI: 10.1177/10406387241245775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
A 17-y-old Arabian mare was presented to the Auburn Large Animal Veterinary Teaching Hospital with a long-term history of intermittent mild recurrent colic that responded to medical treatment. CBC revealed mild lymphopenia; serum biochemistry findings were of increased gamma-glutamyl transferase and creatine kinase activities, hyperferremia, hyperglycemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypokalemia. Abdominocentesis was compatible with low-protein transudate. Due to the progression and duration of clinical signs, the owner elected euthanasia. Postmortem examination and histopathology confirmed a cholangiocarcinoma. The neoplastic cells were arranged in large cysts containing lakes of mucin that comprised 90% of the tumor volume; thus, a mucinous variant was determined. The neoplastic cells had strong cytoplasmic immunolabeling for cytokeratin 19 and lacked immunolabeling for hepatocyte paraffin 1, supporting bile duct origin. Cholangiocarcinomas are infrequent tumors in horses with nonspecific and slow progressive clinical signs, including recurrent colic. Mucinous cholangiocarcinomas are seldom reported in veterinary medicine and, to our knowledge, have not been reported previously in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Russell C. Cattley
- Departments of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - John M. Cullen
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Current addresses: Gastrointestinal Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Cornelius Withers
- Departments of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Jordan Towns
- Departments of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Rachel Pfeifle
- Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Anne Wooldridge
- Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Rachel L. A. L. T. Neto
- Departments of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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Rashwan AM, El-Gendy SAA, Ez Elarab SM, Alsafy MAM. A comprehensive exploration of diverse skin cell types in the limb of the desert tortoise (Testudo graeca) through light, transmission, scanning electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence techniques. Tissue Cell 2024; 87:102335. [PMID: 38412578 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The Greek tortoise, inhabiting harsh desert environments, provides a compelling case for investigating skin adaptations to extreme conditions. We have utilized light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and immunofluorescence analysis to describe the structure of the arid-adapted limb skin in the Greek tortoise. Our aim was to identify the cell types that reflect the skin adaptation of this tortoise to arid conditions. Utilizing seven antibodies, we localized and elucidated the functions of various skin cells, shedding light on how the tortoise adapts to adverse environmental conditions. Our findings unveiled numerous scales on the limbs, varying in size and color, acting as protective armor against abrasions, bites, and other potential threats in their rocky habitats. The epidermis comprises four layers: stratum basalis, stratum spinosum, peri-corneous layer, and stratum corneum. Cytokeratin 14 (CK14) was explicitly detected in the basal layer of the epidermis, suggesting a role in maintaining epidermal integrity and cellular function. Langerhans cells were observed between epidermal cells filled with ribosomes and Birbeck granules. Numerous dendritic-shaped Langerhans cells revealed through E-Cadherin signify strong immunity in tortoises' skin. Melanophores were identified using the Melan-A antibody, labeling the cytoplasm, and the SOX10 antibody, labeling the nucleus, providing comprehensive insights into melanophores morphology and distribution. Two types of melanophores were found: dendritic below the stratum basalis of the epidermis and clustered oval melanophores in the deep dermal layer. Varied melanophores distribution resulted in a spotted skin pattern, potentially offering adaptive camouflage and protection against environmental challenges. Numerous myofibroblasts were discerned through alpha-smooth actin (α-SMA) expression, indicating that the Greek tortoise's skin possesses a robust tissue repair and remodeling capacity. B-cell lymphocytes detected via CD20 immunostaining exhibited sporadic distribution in the dermis, concentrating in lymphoid aggregates and around vessels, implying potential roles in local immune responses and inflammation modulation. Employing Tom20 to identify skin cells with abundant mitochondria revealed a notable presence in melanophores and the basal layer of the epidermis, suggesting high metabolic activity in these cell types and potentially influencing cellular functions. These findings contribute to our comprehension of tortoise skin anatomy and physiology, offering insights into the remarkable adaptations of this species finely tuned to their specific environmental habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Rashwan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511 Egypt; Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Samir A A El-Gendy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21944, Egypt
| | - Samar M Ez Elarab
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21944, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A M Alsafy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21944, Egypt.
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Electrochemotherapy induces tumor regression and decreases the proliferative index in canine cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15819. [PMID: 31676831 PMCID: PMC6825193 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52461-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common skin cancer in dogs, and, due to its low metastatic rate, local treatments, such as electrochemotherapy (ECT), promote disease control or even complete remission (CR). This study aimed to evaluate the gene and protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2 associated X protein (BAX), the proliferative index and clinical parameters in dogs with cSCC subjected to ECT. A prospective nonrandomized clinical study was performed using dogs with naturally occurring cSCC that was treated with ECT. Eighteen lesions from 11 dogs were selected. The tumor size at day 0 (D0) had no impact on survival or prognosis (P > 0.05). Tumor samples had a lower proliferative index after ECT (D21) than before ECT (P = 0.031). The survival of subjects with Ki67 values lower and higher than the Ki67 median value were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Regarding apoptotic markers, there were no significant differences in the gene and protein expression levels of BAX or Bcl-2 at D0 and D21 (P > 0.05) or in the overall survival of subjects with different levels of apoptotic markers. In conclusion, there was no change in BAX or Bcl-2 gene and protein expression in response to ECT at the time points evaluated, but ECT was able to reduce tumor volume and cellular proliferation in cSCC.
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Hierarchical Cluster Analysis of Cytokeratins and Stem Cell Expression Profiles of Canine Cutaneous Epithelial Tumors. Vet Pathol 2018; 55:821-837. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985818785680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis of cutaneous epithelial tumors (CETs) in dogs is based on predominant histological differentiation patterns. However, the expression of a broad panel of antigens has not been comprehensively examined with immunohistochemistry. The present study aims to establish a comprehensive expression profile and identify useful diagnostic markers for each CET type. Cytokeratin (CK), stem cell, and other associated markers were immunohistochemically examined in 110 canine CETs. Among these, CK16 was useful for differentiating between basal and squamous cell carcinomas. Acantholytic squamous cell carcinomas were positive for CK8, CK18, and CK19, suggesting their close association with the apocrine duct. Unlike their benign counterparts, sebaceous carcinomas coexpressed CK5/6 and adipophilin. Smooth muscle actin (SMA) and p63 immunostaining were useful for accurately distinguishing between glandular and ductal differentiation in apocrine tumors. A case of apocrine carcinoma and malignant myoepithelioma was identified using anti-SMA antibodies. Stem cell expression profiles (CK8, CK15, CK19, and CD34) of hair follicle tumors were discrete and indicative of their anatomic origins. The effectiveness of immunohistochemistry for tumor diagnosis was further confirmed by hierarchical cluster analysis, through which selected markers were able to sort CETs into specific groups: CK5/6, CK8, CK14, CK16, CK18, CK19, p63, adipophilin, and SMA sorted tumors of epidermal, apocrine, or sebaceous origin; while CK8, CK14, CK15, CK16, CK19, CD34, and p63 sorted hair follicle tumors in agreement with their histological differentiation. In conclusion, the present study provides comprehensive immunohistochemical information, which could complement histomorphological features for the future classification of canine CETs.
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Needle DB, Iglikova O, Miller AD. Biphasic malignant melanoma adenocarcinoma in the digit of a dog. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018; 30:315-318. [PMID: 29284381 PMCID: PMC6505858 DOI: 10.1177/1040638717752424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 7-y-old Black Russian Terrier dog was evaluated for chronic lameness of the right forelimb and concurrent weight loss. Clinical examination revealed a pigmented mass arising from digit 4 of the right forelimb; the digit was amputated and submitted for histologic evaluation. Histologically, the neoplasm was composed of ill-defined streams, sheets, and clusters of melanocytes admixed with a distinct population of malignant epithelial cells forming glands and nests. The diagnosis was a biphasic malignant melanoma adenocarcinoma, a rarely reported neoplasm in human medicine that has not been described in veterinary medicine, to our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B. Needle
- David B. Needle, New
Hampshire Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Life Sciences
and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824.
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Jardim J, Kobayashi PE, Cosentino PD, Alcaraz A, Laufer-Amorim R, Fonseca-Alves CE. Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical description of an intrapelvic hepatoid gland carcinoma in a 14-year-old Teckel dog. Vet Q 2017; 38:9-13. [PMID: 29144834 PMCID: PMC6830992 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2017.1404167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Priscila E Kobayashi
- b Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science , São Paulo State University - UNESP , Botucatu , Brazil
| | - Patrícia D Cosentino
- b Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science , São Paulo State University - UNESP , Botucatu , Brazil
| | - Ana Alcaraz
- c College of Veterinary Medicine , Western University of Health Sciences , Pomona , CA , USA
| | - Renée Laufer-Amorim
- b Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science , São Paulo State University - UNESP , Botucatu , Brazil
| | - Carlos E Fonseca-Alves
- b Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science , São Paulo State University - UNESP , Botucatu , Brazil
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Thomas R, Demeter Z, Kennedy KA, Borst L, Singh K, Valli VE, Le Boedec K, Breen M. Integrated immunohistochemical and DNA copy number profiling analysis provides insight into the molecular pathogenesis of canine follicular lymphoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:852-867. [PMID: 27135201 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Follicular lymphomas (FLs) typically exhibit a chromosome translocation that induces constitutive expression of the anti-apoptotic bcl2 protein and accumulation of additional molecular defects. This rearrangement offers a promising therapeutic target, but its nature as a fundamental driver of FL pathogenesis remains unclear as 15% of cases lack the translocation. We performed an integrated immunohistochemical and genomic investigation of 10 naturally occurring FL cases from domestic dogs, showing that, as with human tumours, they exhibit marked heterogeneity in the frequency and intensity of bcl2 protein expression. Genomic copy number aberrations were infrequent and broadly consistent with those of other canine B-cell lymphoma subtypes. None of the canine FL specimens exhibited a rearrangement consistent with the hallmark translocation of human FL, despite their remarkable histomorphologic similarity. Parallel exploration of canine and human cases may reveal alternative tumour-initiating mechanisms other than BCL2 disruption, yielding a more complete definition of the molecular pathogenesis of FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Thomas
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Z Demeter
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.,IDEXX Reference Laboratories Inc., West Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - K A Kennedy
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - L Borst
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - K Singh
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - V E Valli
- Visalia Pathology Medical Group, Visalia, CA, USA
| | - K Le Boedec
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - M Breen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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