1
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Janota AD, Hibbard PF, Meadows ME, Nichols D, Cocco JP, Carr AL, Chapman E, Maupomé G, Duwve JM. Peer Education as a Tool to Improve Health Knowledge for People Who Are Incarcerated: A Secondary Analysis of Data From the Indiana Peer Education Program ECHO. JOURNAL OF CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE 2024; 30:226-237. [PMID: 38990210 DOI: 10.1089/jchc.23.10.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Considerable health inequities occur among people who are incarcerated, with ripple effects into broader community health. The Indiana Peer Education Program uses the Extension for Community Health Outcomes (ECHO) model to train people who are incarcerated as peer health educators. This analysis sought to evaluate the effectiveness of this program and explore emergent themes not covered in survey instruments. Survey data for both peer educators and their students were assessed using multivariate regression. Qualitative data were used to triangulate survey findings and explore additional themes via thematic analysis. Students showed improvements in knowledge scores and postrelease behavior intentions; peer educators improved in knowledge, health attitudes, and self-efficacy. Qualitative data affirmed survey findings and pointed toward peer educators acquiring expertise in the content they teach, and how to teach it, and that positive results likely expand beyond participants to others in prison, their families, and the communities to which they return. Though preliminary, the results confirm an earlier analysis of the New Mexico Peer Education Program ECHO, adding to the evidence that training individuals who are incarcerated as peer educators on relevant public health topics increases health knowledge and behavior intentions and likely results in improvements in personal and public health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D Janota
- Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University-Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Meghan E Meadows
- Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University-Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | | | | | - Erika Chapman
- Indiana Department of Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Gerardo Maupomé
- Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University-Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Joan M Duwve
- Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University-Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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2
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Quinn CR, Boyd DT, Menon SE, Mitchell M, Radney A, Coker EJ, Lloyd Allen J, Simmons-Horton S, Hughley A, DiClemente RJ, Voisin DR. Exploring Substance Misuse Behaviors Among Black Girls in Detention: Intersections of Trauma, Sex, and Age. Addict Behav 2023; 143:107693. [PMID: 37003109 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
High risk substance misuse, trauma and gang involvement are prevalent in adolescents and often occur with youth involved with the youth punishment system. Evidence suggests that system involvement is related to trauma histories, substance misuse, as well as gang involvement. This study investigated the associations between individual and peer factors and their relationship to problem drug and alcohol use among Black girls involved with the youth punishment system. Data were collected from 188 Black girls in detention at baseline, as well as 3 and 6 month follow up periods. Measures assessed were abuse history, trauma history, sex while using drugs and alcohol, age, government assistance, and drug use. Significant findings from the multiple regression analyses indicated that younger girls were more likely to have a higher prevalence of having a drug problem than older girls at baseline. Having sex while on drugs and alcohol at the 3 month follow up period was correlated with drug use. These findings highlight how individual and peer factors can influence problem substance misuse, their behavior and peer relationships among Black girls in detention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille R Quinn
- University of Michigan, School of Social Work, Center for Equitable Family and Community Well-being, USA.
| | - Donte T Boyd
- The Ohio State University, College of Social Work, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Evelyn J Coker
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Sandra Rosenbaum School of Social Work, USA.
| | | | - Sherri Simmons-Horton
- University of New Hampshire, College of Health and Human Services, Social Work, USA.
| | | | | | - Dexter R Voisin
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, USA.
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3
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Hoff E, Rutledge R, Gibson BA, Price CR, Gallagher C, Maurer K, Meyer JP. Preexposure Prophylaxis for Women Across the Criminal Justice System: Implications for Policy and Practice. JOURNAL OF CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE 2022; 28:22-31. [PMID: 34762498 PMCID: PMC8825570 DOI: 10.1089/jchc.19.11.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Data that inform preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) implementation for women involved in criminal justice (WICJ) systems are scarce. In a survey of PrEP attitudes, acceptability, and barriers across the criminal justice system, incarcerated women (n = 48) were more likely than WICJ on probation (n = 125) to be eligible for PrEP (29% vs. 15%; p = .04) and willing to take PrEP if offered (94% vs. 78%; p = .01). In multivariate models, PrEP eligibility directly correlated with being incarcerated (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.76-13.1) and inversely correlated with Hispanic/Latina ethnicity (aOR 0.31; 95% CI 0.10-0.96). Recent partner violence exposure was associated with PrEP eligibility (aOR 3.29; 95% CI 1.54-7.02) and discordant risk perception (aOR 2.36; 95% CI 1.18-4.70). Findings demonstrate high potential for PrEP for all WICJ, though implementation efforts will need to address partner violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hoff
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ronnye Rutledge
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Britton A. Gibson
- Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Colleen Gallagher
- Health and Addiction Services Quality Improvement Program, Connecticut Department of Correction, Wethersfield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kathleen Maurer
- Health and Addiction Services Quality Improvement Program, Connecticut Department of Correction, Wethersfield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jaimie P. Meyer
- AIDS Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,*Address correspondence to: Jaimie P. Meyer, MD, AIDS Program, Yale School of Medicine, 135 College Street, Suite 323 New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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4
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Randomized Controlled Trial of an Alcohol-related Sexual Risk Reduction Intervention with Adolescents: The Role of Neurocognitive Activation During Risky Decision-Making. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:265-275. [PMID: 33712986 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03190-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Justice-involved youth are at a higher risk of negative outcomes from sexual activity and alcohol use relative to their non-justice involved peers. In the current study, we tested the extent to which variability in neurocognitive response (i.e., activation in the right superior parietal lobule; rSPL) during a risky decision-making task moderated the success of a sexual risk reduction intervention. In a cluster randomized trial blocked by gender, justice-involved adolescents (N = 269) first completed a risky decision-making task during a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) session, then were assigned to an information-only control (GINFO) or sexual risk reduction intervention incorporating alcohol risk reduction content (GPI + GMET) and then re-contacted every three months for one year. Youth in the GPI + GMET intervention reported less sexual risk behavior 12 months after intervention than those in the control. Although neurocognitive activation was associated with sexual risk behavior, it did not moderate intervention outcomes. This risk-reduction intervention appears to work equally well across a range of neurocognitive responses.
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5
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Barnert E, Sun A, Abrams L, Chung PJ. Reproductive health needs of recently incarcerated youth during community reentry: a systematic review. BMJ SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2020; 46:161-171. [PMID: 31722933 PMCID: PMC8262509 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsrh-2019-200386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth involved in the juvenile justice system have high reproductive health needs and, on exiting detention, face the challenging transition of reentry. We conducted a systematic literature review to describe what is known about youths' reproductive health needs during community reentry after incarceration. METHODS We searched PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar for articles containing key words with the concepts 'child or adolescent', 'incarcerated' and 'reentry'. In the search, we defined the concept of 'reentry' as within 1 month prior to release (to include interventions involving pre-release planning) and up to 18 months after release from incarceration. RESULTS Our search yielded 2187 articles. After applying all exclusion criteria, 14 articles on reproductive health remained for extraction. The articles provided data on the following aspects of youths' reproductive health: frequency of condom use (eight articles), sexual risk behaviours other than lack of condom use (seven articles), and prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (three articles). CONCLUSIONS The literature on the reproductive health needs of youth undergoing reentry is extremely limited. Current intervention studies yield mixed but promising results and more intervention studies that address both pre-release reentry planning and the post-incarceration period are needed. Given incarcerated youths' well-documented reproductive health disparities compared with non-incarcerated adolescents, the identified gaps represent important opportunities for future research and programmatic emphasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Barnert
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ava Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Laura Abrams
- Department of Social Welfare, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Paul J Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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6
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Ahankari A, Wray J, Jomeen J, Hayter M. The effectiveness of combined alcohol and sexual risk taking reduction interventions on the sexual behaviour of teenagers and young adults: a systematic review. Public Health 2019; 173:83-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hammarström S, Stenqvist K, Lindroth M. Sexual health interventions for young people in state care: a systematic review. Scand J Public Health 2018; 46:817-834. [PMID: 29956593 DOI: 10.1177/1403494818783077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe evaluated sexual health interventions for young people in state care and provide an assessment of the quality of and evidence for these interventions. METHODS A systematic review of sexual health interventions for young people in state care was conducted. Randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental designs were eligible, 2051 records were screened, 412 full-text studies retrieved, and 12 publications with low-to-moderate risk of bias included. RESULTS Due to substantial heterogeneity in study populations, settings, intervention approaches, outcomes and measures, standard summary measures for intervention outcomes was not used. Instead, data were synthesised across studies and presented narratively. CONCLUSION Without making recommendations, the result suggests that group-based educational interventions in general increase knowledge, attitudes and behaviour compared with standard care. However, these findings need to be further investigated, with a special emphasis on cultural context and the involvement of young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Hammarström
- 1 Närhälsan Knowledge Centre for Sexual Health, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden
- 2 Division of Community Medicine, Department of Medical and Health science, Linköping, University, Sweden
| | - Karin Stenqvist
- 1 Närhälsan Knowledge Centre for Sexual Health, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden
- 3 Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Lindroth
- 4 School of Health and Welfare, Department of Nursing, Jönköping University, Sweden
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8
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Donenberg G, Emerson E, Kendall AD. HIV-risk reduction intervention for juvenile offenders on probation: The PHAT Life group randomized controlled trial. Health Psychol 2018; 37:364-374. [PMID: 29389155 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Juvenile offenders report high rates of sexual risk taking, increasing the possibility of HIV. This 2-arm group randomized controlled trial tested the efficacy of PHAT Life, a sexual risk reduction program, compared with a time-matched health promotion program for youth on probation. METHOD Male and female 13- to 17-year-olds (M = 16.08; SD = 1.09) recently arrested and placed on probation at an Evening Reporting Center were eligible for the study. Youth were 66% male, and 90% African American. Teens self-reported their sexual behavior (condom use, number of sexual partners) at baseline and 6 months. Retention was 85%. RESULTS Youth were randomized to PHAT Life (n = 163) or a health promotion program (n = 147). Among youth reporting the highest risk at baseline (a composite measure of multiple partners and inconsistent condom use), those who received PHAT Life were over 4 times more likely than the control group to report a lower level of risk (i.e., no sex or one partner plus consistent condom use) by 6 months, OR = 4.28 with 95% CI [1.37, 13.38], SE = 0.58, p = .01. Among sexually active teens who reported sexual debut before 12-years-old, those who received PHAT Life reported significantly fewer sexual partners at 6-months than controls, partial eta squared = .32, p = .002. CONCLUSIONS Findings support PHAT Life's efficacy to reduce sexual risk for juvenile offenders on probation. Future research should examine how best to disseminate PHAT Life to ensure that it is self-sustaining within the juvenile justice system. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Geri Donenberg
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Erin Emerson
- Center for Dissemination and Implementation Science, Healthy Youths Program, Community Outreach Intervention Projects, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Ashley D Kendall
- Center for Dissemination and Implementation Science, Healthy Youths Program, Community Outreach Intervention Projects, University of Illinois at Chicago
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9
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Abstract
The criminal justice (CJ) system can be leveraged to access women for HIV prevention and treatment programs. Research is lacking on effective implementation strategies tailored to the specific needs of CJ-involved women. We conducted a scoping review of published studies in English from the United States that described HIV interventions, involved women or girls, and used the CJ system as an access point for sampling or intervention delivery. We identified 350 studies and synthesized data from 42 unique interventions, based in closed (n = 26), community (n = 7), or multiple/other CJ settings (n = 9). A minority of reviewed programs incorporated women-specific content or conducted gender-stratified analyses. CJ systems are comprised of diverse access points, each with unique strengths and challenges for implementing HIV treatment and prevention programs for women. Further study is warranted to develop women-specific and trauma-informed content and evaluate program effectiveness.
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10
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Raiford JL, Seth P, Fasula AM, DiClemente RJ. When a relationship is imperative, will young women knowingly place their sexual health at risk? A sample of African American adolescent girls in the juvenile justice system. Sex Health 2017; 14:331-337. [PMID: 28445686 PMCID: PMC11025295 DOI: 10.1071/sh16160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV and other sexually transmissible infections (HIV/STIs) are significant contributors to adolescent girls' morbidity in the US. Risks for HIV/STIs are increased among adolescent girls involved in the juvenile justice system, and African American adolescent girls comprise nearly 50% of adolescent girls in detention centres. Although HIV prevention programs focus on HIV/STI knowledge, increased knowledge may not be sufficient to reduce sexual risk. The present study examined the interactive effects of HIV/STI knowledge and the importance of being in a relationship (a relationship imperative) on sexual risk behaviours in a sample of detained African American adolescent girls. METHODS In all, 188 African American adolescent girls, 13-17 years of age, were recruited from a short-term detention facility in Atlanta, Georgia, and completed assessments on sexual risk behaviours, relationship characteristics, HIV/STI knowledge and several psychosocial risk factors. RESULTS When girls endorsed a relationship imperative, higher HIV/STI knowledge was associated with low partner communication self-efficacy, inconsistent condom use and unprotected sex, when controlling for demographics and self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS Young girls with high HIV/STI knowledge may have placed themselves at risk for HIV/STIs given the importance and value they place on being in a relationship. Contextual factors should be considered when developing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerris L. Raiford
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop E-59, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Puja Seth
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop E-59, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
- Present address: Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, MS F-62, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA
| | - Amy M. Fasula
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop E-59, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
- Division of Reproductive Health, 4770 Buford Highway, MS F74, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA
| | - Ralph J. DiClemente
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral Sciences & Health Education, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, Social & Behavioral Science Core, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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11
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Seth P, Jackson JM, DiClemente RJ, Fasula AM. Community trauma as a predictor of sexual risk, marijuana use, and psychosocial outcomes among detained African-American female adolescents. VULNERABLE CHILDREN AND YOUTH STUDIES 2017; 12:353-359. [PMID: 37564273 PMCID: PMC10413814 DOI: 10.1080/17450128.2017.1325547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Social determinants contribute to health disparities. Previous research has indicated that community trauma is associated with negative health outcomes. This study examined the impact of community trauma on sexual risk, marijuana use and mental health among African-American female adolescents in a juvenile detention center. One hundred and eighty-eight African-American female adolescents, aged 13-17 years, were recruited from a short-term detention facility and completed assessments on community trauma, sexual risk behavior, marijuana use, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and psychosocial HIV/STD risk factors. Findings indicate that community trauma was associated with unprotected sex, having a sex partner with a correctional/juvenile justice history, sexual sensation seeking, marijuana use, affiliation with deviant peers and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms at baseline and longitudinally. Findings reinforce the impact of community-level factors and co-occurring health issues, particularly in high-risk environments and among vulnerable populations. Structural and community-level interventions and policy-level changes may help improve access to resources and improve adolescents' overall health and standard of living in at-risk communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Seth
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jerrold M. Jackson
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, Prevention Science Core, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ralph J. DiClemente
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, Prevention Science Core, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amy M. Fasula
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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12
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Gray SC, Holmes K, Bradford DR. Factors Associated with Pregnancy among Incarcerated African American Adolescent Girls. J Urban Health 2016; 93:709-18. [PMID: 27271026 PMCID: PMC4987589 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-016-0061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the social and behavioral factors associated with pregnancy history among a sample of African American adolescent girls recruited from a short-term juvenile detention center in order to better understand the needs of this vulnerable population. Data were collected from a sample of 188 detained African American, 13-17-year-old girls in Atlanta, Georgia, who participated in a larger HIV prevention study. An audio computer-assisted self-interviewing survey was completed by participants to obtain information on socioecological factors to include individual, parental/familial, sexual risk, psychosocial, and substance use factors. Among the 188 participants, 25.5 % reported a history of pregnancy. A multivariable logistic regression model showed that girls with a history of pregnancy were more likely to live in a household receiving government aid, use hormonal contraceptives at last sex, participate in sex trading, have casual sex partners, have condomless sex in the past 90 days, and have a history of physical abuse. Girls with no history of pregnancy were more likely to have been incarcerated at least twice and to have previously used alcohol. Detention-based interventions and pregnancy prevention programs for this vulnerable population may benefit by addressing factors related to sexual behavior and development, substance use, individual background, and psychosocial health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone C Gray
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Quantitative Sciences and Data Management Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Mailstop E-48, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA.
| | - Kristin Holmes
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Denise R Bradford
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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13
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Rowe CL, Alberga L, Dakof GA, Henderson CE, Ungaro R, Liddle HA. Family-Based HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infection Risk Reduction for Drug-Involved Young Offenders: 42-Month Outcomes. FAMILY PROCESS 2016; 55:305-20. [PMID: 26879671 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study tested a family-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention approach integrated within an empirically supported treatment for drug-involved young offenders, Multidimensional Family Therapy (MDFT). A randomized, controlled, two-site community-based trial was conducted with 154 youth and their parents. Drug-involved adolescents were recruited in detention, randomly assigned to either MDFT or Enhanced Services as Usual (ESAU), and assessed at intake, 3, 6, 9, 18, 24, 36, and 42-month follow-ups. Youth in both conditions received structured HIV/STI prevention in detention and those in MDFT also received family-based HIV/STI prevention as part of ongoing treatment following detention release. Youth in both conditions and sites significantly reduced rates of unprotected sex acts and STI incidence from intake to 9 months. They remained below baseline levels of STI incidence (10%) over the 42-month follow-up period. At Site A, adolescents who were sexually active at intake and received MDFT showed greater reduction in overall frequency of sexual acts and number of unprotected sexual acts than youth in ESAU between intake and 9-month follow-ups. These intervention differences were evident through the 42-month follow-up. Intervention effects were not found for STI incidence or unprotected sex acts at Site B. Intensive group-based and family intervention in detention and following release may reduce sexual risk among substance-involved young offenders, and a family-based approach may enhance effects among those at highest risk. Site differences in intervention effects, study limitations, clinical implications, and future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Rowe
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Linda Alberga
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Gayle A Dakof
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Craig E Henderson
- Department of Psychology, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX
| | - Rocio Ungaro
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Howard A Liddle
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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14
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Donenberg GR, Emerson E, Mackesy-Amiti ME, Udell W. HIV-Risk Reduction with Juvenile Offenders on Probation. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2015; 24:1672-1684. [PMID: 26097376 PMCID: PMC4469474 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-014-9970-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Youth involved in the juvenile justice system are at elevated risk for HIV as a result of high rates of sexual risk taking, substance use, mental health problems and sexually transmitted infections. Yet few HIV prevention programs exist for young offenders. This pilot study examined change in juvenile offenders' sexual activity, drug/alcohol use, HIV testing and counseling, and theoretical mediators of risk taking following participation in PHAT Life, an HIV-prevention program for teens on probation. Participants (N=54) were 13-17 year-old arrested males and females remanded to a detention alternative setting. Youth participated in a uniquely tailored HIV prevention intervention and completed a baseline and 3-month follow up assessment of their HIV and substance use knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. At 3-month follow up, teens reported less alcohol use, more positive attitudes toward peers with HIV, greater ability to resist temptation to use substances, and for males, improved HIV prevention self-efficacy and peer norms supporting prevention. Teens were also more likely to seek HIV counseling and males were more likely to get tested for HIV. Effect sizes revealed moderate change in sexual behavior. Findings support PHAT Life as a promising intervention to reduce HIV-risk among youth in juvenile justice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geri R Donenberg
- School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Erin Emerson
- School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Mary Ellen Mackesy-Amiti
- School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Wadiya Udell
- School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Community Psychology Program, University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, WA 98011
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15
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El Bcheraoui C, Zhang X, Welty LJ, Abram KM, Teplin LA, Sutton MY. HIV Knowledge Among a Longitudinal Cohort of Juvenile Detainees in an Urban Setting. JOURNAL OF CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE 2015; 21:112-24. [PMID: 25788607 PMCID: PMC5704944 DOI: 10.1177/1078345815572596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The authors investigated HIV knowledge change among a cohort of juvenile detainees. Participants completed an HIV knowledge survey at baseline and up to 4 more times over 6 years. The authors calculated knowledge scores; the time serial trend of scores was modeled using generalized estimating equations. A baseline survey was completed by 798 participants, ages 14 to 18 years; mean HIV knowledge scores ranged from 11.4 to 14.1 (maximum score = 18). Males had significantly lower HIV knowledge scores than females at baseline only. Over time, Hispanic participants had significantly lower scores than non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White participants. Overall, HIV knowledge increased but was still suboptimal 5 years after baseline. These findings suggest the need to develop and strengthen HIV prevention education programs in youth detention settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charbel El Bcheraoui
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Applied Sciences, Scientific Education and Professional Development Program, Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xinjian Zhang
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Leah J Welty
- The Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA The Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karen M Abram
- The Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Linda A Teplin
- The Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Madeline Y Sutton
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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16
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DiClemente RJ, Davis TL, Swartzendruber A, Fasula AM, Boyce L, Gelaude D, Gray SC, Hardin J, Rose E, Carry M, Sales JM, Brown JL, Staples-Horne M. Efficacy of an HIV/STI sexual risk-reduction intervention for African American adolescent girls in juvenile detention centers: a randomized controlled trial. Women Health 2015; 54:726-49. [PMID: 25190056 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2014.932893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Few HIV/STI interventions exist for African American adolescent girls in juvenile detention. The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of an intervention to reduce incident STIs, improve HIV-preventive behaviors, and enhance psychosocial outcomes. We conducted a randomized controlled trial among African American adolescent girls (13-17 years, N = 188) in juvenile detention from March 2011 to May 2012. Assessments occurred at baseline and 3- and 6-months post-randomization and included: audio computer-assisted self-interview, condom skills assessment, and self-collected vaginal swab to detect Chlamydia and gonorrhea. The Imara intervention included three individual-level sessions and four phone sessions; expedited partner therapy was offered to STI-positive adolescents. The comparison group received the usual care provided by the detention center: STI testing, treatment, and counseling. At the 6-month assessment (3-months post-intervention), Imara participants reported higher condom use self-efficacy (p < 0.001), HIV/STI knowledge (p < 0.001), and condom use skills (p < 0.001) compared to control participants. No significant differences were observed between trial conditions in incident Chlamydia or gonorrhea infections, condom use, or number of vaginal sex partners. Imara for detained African American adolescent girls can improve condom use skills and psychosocial outcomes; however, a critical need for interventions to reduce sexual risk remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph J DiClemente
- a Emory University Rollins School of Public Health , Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education , Atlanta , Georgia , USA
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17
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Cossy LS, Miller LT. A descriptive study of primary health care practices in Ontario's youth custody facilities. Paediatr Child Health 2014; 18:523-8. [PMID: 24497778 DOI: 10.1093/pch/18.10.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents admitted to youth custody facilities are often in need of physical and mental health care. OBJECTIVES To describe primary health care practices in Ontario's youth custody facilities. METHOD A questionnaire regarding facility characteristics and primary health care practices was distributed to the directors of all youth custody facilities in Ontario. RESULTS Most (87.8%) facilities obtained medical histories after the youth arrived, and 92% used health care professionals to perform that assessment. Intake medical examinations were performed on each youth admitted to custody at 94% of all facilities; however, only 57.2% of facilities reported that these examinations were performed by a doctor within 72 h of admission. Performing suicide assessments on all youth at intake was reported by 77.6% of facilities. Continuous health education was provided by 76% of facilities. Facility type and type of management appear to be related to some areas of health services provision. CONCLUSIONS Youth custody facilities in Ontario are providing primary health care services. Weaknesses are, however, evident, particularly in relation to untimely intake medical examinations, failure to provide continuous health education and failure to conduct suicide assessments on all youth at intake. Future research on barriers to health service provision in Canadian youth custody facilities is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S Cossy
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario
| | - Linda T Miller
- School of Occupational Therapy, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario
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18
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Robertson AA, St Lawrence JS, McCluskey DL. HIV/STI Risk Behavior of Drug Court Participants. JOURNAL OF OFFENDER REHABILITATION 2012; 51:453-473. [PMID: 23658472 PMCID: PMC3645928 DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2012.702715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Drug abusing offenders have high rates of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STI). To date, the HIV/STI prevention needs of offenders in drug court programs have been ignored. This multi-method study employed interviews to assess drug court professionals' perceptions of the need for an HIV risk reduction intervention to be integrated into the services provided to drug court participants. Then, surveys were completed by 235 drug court participants to assess whether their sexual risk behaviors affirmed the need for such an intervention. The survey also assessed demographic characteristics, drug use prior to program entry, HIV knowledge, and condom attitudes. The relationship between duration in the drug court program and sexual risk behavior was also examined. Implications for the development and delivery of HIV risk reduction interventions within drug court programs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela A Robertson
- Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
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19
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Wilson DM, Chamberland C, Hewitt JA, Wilson D. Educating youths to make safer choices: results of a program evaluation study. Glob J Health Sci 2012; 4:77-86. [PMID: 22980154 PMCID: PMC4777056 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v4n2p77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Injuries are a leading cause of childhood death and disability. Many injuries are a result of youths taking risks and not avoiding risky situations. An educational program to reduce adolescent injury risk (Prevent Alcohol and Risk-Related Trauma in Youth) has operated out of the Misericordia Hospital in Edmonton Canada since 1992. This reality-based program was evaluated to see if it was impacting program participants. An increase in correct answers for some knowledge, behavior, and attitude questions were found at one week and one month following this 1-day reality-based program. This program was thus considered as having some relevancy in educating grade-9 youths. Although a longitudinal study is needed to determine if this relevancy is long term, this study highlights the importance of reality-based public health programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna M. Wilson
- Faculty of Nursing, ECHA Building, University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 1C9, Canada Tel: 780-492-5574 E-mail:
| | - Carrie Chamberland
- Faculty of Nursing, ECHA Building, University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 1C9, Canada Tel: 780-492-5574 E-mail:
| | - Jessica A. Hewitt
- Misericordia Community Hospital, Edmonton AB T5R 4H5, Canada Tel: 780-735-2890 E-mail:
| | - Donna Wilson
- Faculty of Nursing, Third Floor ECHA, University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 1C9, Canada Tel: 780-492-5574 E-mail:
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