1
|
Review: Fluid biomarkers in the human prion diseases. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 97:81-92. [PMID: 30529227 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The human prion diseases are a diverse set of often rapidly progressive neurodegenerative conditions associated with abnormal forms of the prion protein. We review work to establish diagnostic biomarkers and assays that might fill other important roles, particularly those that could assist the planning and interpretation of clinical trials. The field now benefits from highly sensitive and specific diagnostic biomarkers using cerebrospinal fluid: detecting by-products of rapid neurodegeneration or specific functional properties of abnormal prion protein, with the second generation real time quaking induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assay being particularly promising. Blood has been a more challenging analyte, but has now also yielded valuable biomarkers. Blood-based assays have been developed with the potential to screen for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, although it remains uncertain whether these will ever be used in practice. The very rapid neurodegeneration of prion disease results in strong signals from surrogate protein markers in the blood that reflect neuronal, axonal, synaptic or glial pathology in the brain: notably the tau and neurofilament light chain proteins. We discuss early evidence that such tests, applied alongside robust diagnostic biomarkers, may have potential to add value as clinical trial outcome measures, predictors of future disease course (including for asymptomatic individuals at high risk of prion disease), and as rapidly accessible and sensitive markers to aid early diagnosis.
Collapse
|
2
|
Cohen OS, Chapman J, Korczyn AD, Nitsan Z, Appel S, Kahana E, Rosenmann H, Hoffmann C. Disease duration in E200K familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is correlated with clinical, radiological, and laboratory variables. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 126:607-611. [PMID: 30498951 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1958-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that disease duration in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) may be related to the radiological findings or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau levels; however, it is not yet established whether clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings at diagnosis can predict survival or have a prognostic value. The aim of this study was to examine whether the disease duration is correlated with clinical, radiological, and laboratory variables. The study population consisted of consecutive familial CJD (fCJD) patients that were assessed within 1 week from the diagnosis including the CJD neurological scale (CJD-NS), Minimental Status Examination, Frontal Assessment Battery, NIH Stroke Scale, and the expanded disability status scale. In addition, a single MRI study was done and measurements of the extent of the cortical and subcortical involvement were performed. CSF was examined as part of the workout, and tau levels were determined. Sixty-nine fCJD patients were included in the study (43 males, mean age 59.3 ± 8.4, range 44-79 years). The mean disease duration was 7.3 ± 6.9 months (median 5.6 months, range 2-20 months). A significant correlation was found between the disease duration and the CJD-NS, the disease burden as reflected by the degree of cortical involvement by DWI, and the CSF tau levels. The findings of the current study reveal that several findings at disease onset including the disease severity, the cortical changes, and the tau levels are each individually correlated with disease duration and can be used by the clinician as a tool to predict the disease course and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oren S Cohen
- Department of Neurology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, 70300, Zerifin, Israel. .,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Joab Chapman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Neurology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Robert and Martha Harden Chair in Mental and Neurological Diseases, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amos D Korczyn
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zeev Nitsan
- Department of Neurology, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Shmuel Appel
- Department of Neurology, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Esther Kahana
- Department of Neurology, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Hanna Rosenmann
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chen Hoffmann
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Radiology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gushue D, Herbst A, Sim V, McKenzie D, Aiken JM. 14-3-3 and enolase abundances in the CSF of Prion diseased rats. Prion 2018; 12:253-260. [PMID: 30149773 PMCID: PMC6277185 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2018.1513317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is characterized by an extended asymptomatic preclinical phase followed by rapid neurodegeneration. There are no effective treatments. CJD diagnosis is initially suspected based upon the clinical presentation of the disease and the exclusion of other etiologies. Neurologic symptoms are assessed in combination with results from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker abundances, electroencephalography (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and in some countries, real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC). Inconsistencies in sensitivities and specificities of prion disease biomarker abundance in CSF have been described, which can affect diagnostic certainty, but the utility of biomarkers for prognosis has not been fully explored. The clinical presentation of CJD is variable, and factors such as prion protein polymorphic variants, prion strain, and other genetic or environmental contributions may affect the disease progression, confounding the appearance or abundance of biomarkers in the CSF. These same factors may also affect the appearance or abundance of biomarkers, further confounding diagnosis. In this study, we controlled for many of these variables through the analysis of serial samples of CSF from prion-infected and control rats. Prion disease in laboratory rodents follows a defined disease course as the infection route and time, prion strain, genotype, and environmental conditions are all controlled. We measured the relative abundance of 14-3-3 and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in CSF during the course of prion infection in rats. Even when disease-related, environmental and genetic variables were controlled, CSF 14-3-3 and NSE abundances were variable. Our study emphasizes the considerable diagnostic and prognostic limitations of these prion biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Gushue
- a Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada
| | - Allen Herbst
- a Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada
| | - Valerie Sim
- b Department of Medicine - Division of Neurology, Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada
| | - Debbie McKenzie
- c Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada
| | - Judd M Aiken
- a Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cohen OS, Chapman J, Korczyn AD, Siaw OL, Warman-Alaluf N, Nitsan Z, Appel S, Kahana E, Rosenmann H, Hoffmann C. CSF tau correlates with the degree of cortical involvement in E200K familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Neurosci Lett 2016; 634:76-78. [PMID: 27721036 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau was found to correlate with disease severity and cognitive status in E200K familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (fCJD) patients. The objective of the present study was to test whether tau levels in the CSF also correlate with the disease burden as reflected by the degree of cortical involvement in DWI MRI. Forty-four consecutive E200K fCJD patients (25 males, mean age 58.6±7.5, range 48-75 years) were recruited to the study and had a CSF tau examination as well as measurements of the extent of the cortical involvement in the DWI axial MRI. Correlation was tested using Pearson test. A significant correlation (r=0.617 p<0.0001) was found between CSF tau levels and the extent of cortical involvement. This correlation between tau levels and the disease burden reinforce the notion that tau can be used as a biomarker reflecting the extent of disease in patients with E200K fCJD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oren S Cohen
- Department of Neurology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - Joab Chapman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Neurology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Robert and Martha Harden Chair in Mental and Neurological Diseases, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Amos D Korczyn
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - Zeev Nitsan
- Department of Neurology, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Shmuel Appel
- Department of Neurology, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Esther Kahana
- Department of Neurology, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Hanna Rosenmann
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chen Hoffmann
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Radiology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen C, Lv Y, Shi Q, Zhou W, Xiao K, Sun J, Yang XD, Dong XP. Low activity of complement in the cerebrospinal fluid of the patients with various prion diseases. Infect Dis Poverty 2016; 5:35. [PMID: 27138196 PMCID: PMC4853859 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-016-0128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to analyze the state of activity and levels of complement in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with various prion diseases (PrDs). Findings The proteomic data emphasized the levels of 20 known complement components found in the CSF of the sCJD panel that were lower than those found in the non-PrD panel. 50 % of the complement hemolytic activity (CH50) assays revealed significantly lower activity of complement in the CSF of the sCJD panel. The decreased levels of three key complement subunits, C3a/α, C4β, and C9 in the CSF of the sCJD panel were verified by Western blots. Furthermore, the CH50 values in the CSF of 136 sCJD, 39 gCJD, 22 FFI and 145 non-CJD patients were individually tested. Compared with the control of non-PrD, the CH50 value in the CSF specimens of various PrDs, especially in three subtypes of inherited PrDs, were significantly lower. Relationship analysis identified that the CH50 activity in the CSF was negatively associated with the protein 14–3–3 positive in the CSF. Conclusion These results indicate a silent complement system in the CSF of PrD patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-016-0128-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yan Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China. .,Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cohen OS, Chapman J, Korczyn AD, Warman-Alaluf N, Nitsan Z, Appel S, Kahana E, Rosenmann H. CSF tau correlates with CJD disease severity and cognitive decline. Acta Neurol Scand 2016; 133:119-123. [PMID: 26014384 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is the most common prion disease in humans. The clinical diagnosis of CJD is supported by a combination of electroencephalogram, MRI, and the presence in the CSF of biomarkers. CSF tau is a marker for neuronal damage and tangle pathology, and is correlated with cognitive status in Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to test whether tau levels in the CSF also correlate with the degree of the neurological deficit and cognitive decline in patients with CJD as reflected by various clinical scales that assess disease severity and cognitive performance. METHODS Consecutive patients with familial CJD (fCJD) were examined by a neurologist who performed several tests including minimental status examination (MMSE), frontal assessment battery (FAB), NIH stroke scale (NIHSS), CJD neurological scale (CJD-NS), and the expanded disability status scale (EDSS). CSF tau was tested as part of the workout, and the correlation was tested using Pearson correlation. RESULTS Fifty-two patients with fCJD were recruited to the study (35 males, mean age 59.4 ± 5.7, range 48-75 years). A significant negative correlation was found between CSF tau levels and the cognitive performance of the patients as reflected by their MMSE and FAB scores. In addition, a significant positive correlation was found between tau levels and the clinical disease severity scales of CJD-NS, NIHSS, and EDSS. CONCLUSION The correlation between tau levels and the disease severity and degree of cognitive decline in patients with fCJD suggests that tau can be a biomarker reflecting the extent of neuronal damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O. S. Cohen
- Department of Neurology; The Sagol Neuroscience Center; Chaim Sheba Medical Center; Tel-Hashomer Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel-Aviv University; Tel-Aviv Israel
| | - J. Chapman
- Department of Neurology; The Sagol Neuroscience Center; Chaim Sheba Medical Center; Tel-Hashomer Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel-Aviv University; Tel-Aviv Israel
| | - A. D. Korczyn
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel-Aviv University; Tel-Aviv Israel
| | - N. Warman-Alaluf
- Department of Neurology; The Sagol Neuroscience Center; Chaim Sheba Medical Center; Tel-Hashomer Israel
| | - Z. Nitsan
- Barzilai Medical Center; Ashkelon Israel
| | - S. Appel
- Barzilai Medical Center; Ashkelon Israel
| | - E. Kahana
- Barzilai Medical Center; Ashkelon Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Amano Y, Kimura N, Hanaoka T, Aso Y, Hirano T, Murai H, Satoh K, Matsubara E. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease with a prion protein gene codon 180 mutation presenting asymmetric cortical high-intensity on magnetic resonance imaging. Prion 2016; 9:29-33. [PMID: 25730397 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2015.1017703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report a genetically confirmed case of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with a prion protein gene codon 180 mutation presenting atypical magnetic resonance imaging findings. The present case exhibited an acute onset and lateralized neurologic signs, and progressive cognitive impairment. No myoclonus or periodic synchronous discharges on electroencephalography were observed. Diffusion-weighted images revealed areas of high signal intensity in the right frontal and temporal cortices at onset that extended to the whole cortex and basal ganglia of the right cerebral hemisphere at 3 months. Although the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was initially negative for neuron specific enolase, tau protein, 14-3-3 protein, and abnormal prion protein, the CSF was positive for these brain-derived proteins at 3 months after onset.
Collapse
Key Words
- CJD, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
- CSF, cerebrospinal fluid
- DWI, diffusion weighted imaging
- EEG, electroencephalogram
- FLAIR, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
- IQ, intelligence quotient
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- NSE, neuron specific enolase
- PSD, periodic synchronous discharges
- RT-QUIC, real-time quaking-induced conversion method
- SPECT, single photon emission computed tomography
- V180I CJD, CJD with the V180I mutation
- V180I mutation
- WAIS-III, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (third edition)
- asymmetric cortical abnormalities
- cerebrospinal fluid
- creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
- magnetic resonance imaging
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Amano
- a Department of Neurology ; Oita University; Faculty of Medicine ; Oita , Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hirata S, Marotta A, Gui Y, Hanami K, Tanaka Y. Serum 14-3-3η level is associated with severity and clinical outcomes of rheumatoid arthritis, and its pretreatment level is predictive of DAS28 remission with tocilizumab. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:280. [PMID: 26449724 PMCID: PMC4599751 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0799-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treat-to-target strategies to achieve low disease activity or clinical remission are key in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 14-3-3η is a joint-derived biomarker that is expressed at significantly higher levels in patients with RA than in healthy subjects, other autoimmune diseases, or viral and bacterial arthritides. In this study, we sought to investigate the utility of pretreatment levels of 14-3-3η and serial measurement of 14-3-3η to inform therapeutic outcomes. METHODS Serum 14-3-3η levels were measured in 149 Japanese patients with RA before the initiation of therapy and at 1-year follow-up. Patients were treated with either methotrexate (MTX), adalimumab (ADA), tocilizumab (TCZ), or tofacitinib (TOF). 14-3-3η positivity was defined as ≥0.19 ng/ml and at two times and four times this cutoff. In contingency analysis, we determined the association of 14-3-3η with disease severity. Wilcoxon matched-pairs test was used to evaluate the significance of pre- to post-treatment changes. Mann-Whitney U test was performed for differences between treatment response groups. Fisher's exact test was used to assess associations of 14-3-3η with a good response defined by European League Against Rheumatism criteria as well as remission defined by the Disease activity Score in 28 joints with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) and the Clinical Disease Activity Index score. RESULTS 14-3-3η-positive patients had more severe disease before the initiation of treatment. When combined with C-reactive protein (CRP), 14-3-3η positivity added significantly and incrementally to the identification of patients with high disease activity. 14-3-3η levels were significantly decreased at 1 year and were modifiable across all classes of therapeutics. Patients who reverted to negative 14-3-3η levels had better clinical response than patients who remained positive at 1 year or became positive. Pretreatment 14-3-3η levels informed 1-year DAS28-ESR remission in the TCZ-treated group, in contrast to the ADA, MTX, or TOF groups, while no differences in pretreatment 14-3-3η expression based on clinical response. CONCLUSIONS 14-3-3η is a modifiable marker in identifying patients with RA in a high disease state. Patients who achieve a negative 14-3-3η status following 1-year of treatment do better clinically with pretreatment 14-3-3η informing response to TCZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Hirata
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan.
| | | | - Yuan Gui
- Augurex Life Sciences Corporation, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Kentaro Hanami
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan.
| | - Yoshiya Tanaka
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Llorens F, Zafar S, Ansoleaga B, Shafiq M, Blanco R, Carmona M, Grau-Rivera O, Nos C, Gelpí E, Del Río JA, Zerr I, Ferrer I. Subtype and regional regulation of prion biomarkers in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 41:631-45. [PMID: 25134744 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rapid progressive neurological disease leading to dementia and death. Prion biomarkers are altered in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of CJD patients, but the pathogenic mechanisms underlying these alterations are still unknown. The present study examined prion biomarker levels in the brain and CSF of sporadic CJD (sCJD) cases and their correlation with neuropathological lesion profiles. METHODS The expression levels of 14-3-3, Tau, phospho-Tau and α-synuclein were measured in the CSF and brain of sCJD cases in a subtype- and region-specific manner. In addition, the activity of prion biomarker kinases, the expression levels of CJD hallmarks and the most frequent neuropathological sCJD findings were analysed. RESULTS Prion biomarkers levels were increased in the CSF of sCJD patients; however, correlations between mRNA, total protein and their phosphorylated forms in brain were different. The observed downregulation of the main Tau kinase, GSK3, in sCJD brain samples may help to explain the differential phospho-Tau/Tau ratios between sCJD and other dementias in the CSF. Importantly, CSF biomarkers levels do not necessarily correlate with sCJD neuropathological findings. INTERPRETATION Present findings indicate that prion biomarkers levels in sCJD tissues and their release into the CSF are differentially regulated following specific modulated responses, and suggest a functional role for these proteins in sCJD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franc Llorens
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, University Medical School, Georg-August University and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, IDIBELL-University Hospital Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Saima Zafar
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, University Medical School, Georg-August University and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Belén Ansoleaga
- Institute of Neuropathology, IDIBELL-University Hospital Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERNED (Network Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute Carlos III, Ministry of Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohsin Shafiq
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, University Medical School, Georg-August University and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rosi Blanco
- Institute of Neuropathology, IDIBELL-University Hospital Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERNED (Network Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute Carlos III, Ministry of Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marga Carmona
- Institute of Neuropathology, IDIBELL-University Hospital Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERNED (Network Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute Carlos III, Ministry of Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Grau-Rivera
- CJD-Unit and Alzheimer disease and other cognitive disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Nos
- General Subdirectorate of Surveillance and Response to Emergencies in Public Health, Department of Public Health in Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ellen Gelpí
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Antonio Del Río
- CIBERNED (Network Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute Carlos III, Ministry of Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Catalonian Institute for Bioengineering (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, University Medical School, Georg-August University and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Institute of Neuropathology, IDIBELL-University Hospital Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERNED (Network Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute Carlos III, Ministry of Health, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Maksymowych WP, van der Heijde D, Allaart CF, Landewé R, Boire G, Tak PP, Gui Y, Ghahary A, Kilani R, Marotta A. 14-3-3η is a novel mediator associated with the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and joint damage. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:R99. [PMID: 24751211 PMCID: PMC4060379 DOI: 10.1186/ar4547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate whether 14-3-3η, a specific isoform of a family of proteins regulating processes such as cellular signalling, activates cell-signalling pathways and induces factors known to contribute to the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We also investigated whether 14-3-3η is associated with more severe disease in both early and established RA. Methods We investigated the effect of 14-3-3η on the activation of RA-relevant signalling cascades and induction of proinflammatory mediators that contribute to the joint damage process. 14-3-3η titres from 33 patients with early RA (mean RA duration = 1.8 months) and from 40 patients with established RA were measured in serum drawn at the 3-year time point of the Behandel Strategieën study. The relationship between 14-3-3η titres and standard clinical variables was investigated by correlation analysis. The association with radiographic damage and radiographic progression over at least a 2-year period was investigated using univariate and multivariate regression analyses. Results 14-3-3η activated selected members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, mainly extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 and c-Jun kinase, but not p38MAPK. Activation by 14-3-3η, using levels spanning the concentration range found in RA patient serum, resulted in the induction of inflammatory transcripts such as interleukin 1 (IL-1) and IL-6 and factors linked to the joint damage process, such as receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand and matrix metalloproteinase 1. Serum 14-3-3η correlated significantly with rheumatoid factor (RF) (r = 0.43) and anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) (r = 0.31) in the early RA cohort, but not with C-reactive protein (CRP) or the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints in either cohort. Serum 14-3-3η concentrations were significantly higher in patients with radiographically assessed joint damage and in those who had radiographic progression. By multivariate analysis, we show that 14-3-3η complemented markers such as CRP, RF and ACPA in informing RA radiographic status and/or progression. Conclusions Extracellular 14-3-3η activates key signalling cascades and induces factors associated with the pathogenesis of RA at concentrations found in patients with RA, and its expression is higher in patients with radiographic damage and RA progression.
Collapse
|
11
|
Qualtieri A, Urso E, Pera ML, Sprovieri T, Bossio S, Gambardella A, Quattrone A. Proteomic profiling of cerebrospinal fluid in Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 7:907-17. [DOI: 10.1586/epr.10.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
12
|
YWHAE/14-3-3ε: a potential novel genetic risk factor and CSF biomarker for HIV neurocognitive impairment. J Neurovirol 2013; 19:471-8. [PMID: 23982958 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-013-0200-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
YWHAE (14-3-3ε) protein levels are considered to be a reliable biomarker for neurodegeneration. The YWHAE protein interacts both directly and indirectly with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) accessory proteins, leading to cell death. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between YWHAE polymorphisms and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) and the relationship between YWHAE protein levels and HAND. A cross-sectional study using random samples of HIV-seropositive (n = 20) and HIV-seronegative (controls) (n = 16) women from the Hispanic-Latino Longitudinal Cohort of Women was conducted. Individuals who are HIV-seropositive and heterozygous at the rs4790084/rs1204828 loci in the YWHAE gene were 3× more likely to display reduced cognitive functioning, to have received a HAND diagnosis, and to have less YHWAE protein expressed than homozygotes. Western blots from cerebral spinal fluid indicate that the HIV-seropositive women with HAND expressed 4.5× less YWHAE compared to HIV-seropositive cognitively normal women (94 % sensitivity, 84 % specificity; HIV-seropositive vs. controls). Therefore, polymorphism in YWHAE may be a genetic risk factor for HAND and levels of YWHAE protein are a likely biomarker for neurocognitive status in HIV-seropositive women.
Collapse
|
13
|
Hamlin C, Puoti G, Berri S, Sting E, Harris C, Cohen M, Spear C, Bizzi A, Debanne SM, Rowland DY. A comparison of tau and 14-3-3 protein in the diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Neurology 2012; 79:547-52. [PMID: 22843257 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e318263565f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the respective efficiency of CSF tau (quantitative) and CSF 14-3-3 protein (qualitative) in the diagnosis of prion disease. METHODS We made measurements on 420 live subjects, who subsequently underwent a postmortem neuropathology examination, including protein chemistry, immunohistochemistry, and histology. We performed tau by ELISA. We detected 14-3-3 protein by Western blot. Both assays were optimized for maximum efficiency (accuracy). RESULTS We found tau and 14-3-3 proteins to be closely correlated, but tau had a significantly better ability to predict disease status than 14-3-3 protein. Also, tau distinguished disease status at least as well as when both assays' results are combined in a variety of ways. Importantly, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for tau (0.82) was significantly larger than that for 14-3-3 protein (0.68) (p < 0.001). Diagnostic test statistics are provided for the study subjects with 58.3% prevalence, and for a more typical, nonselected, 7.5% prevalence as received by our center. CONCLUSION In this study, tau is superior to 14-3-3 protein as a marker in the diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and is as efficient singly compared to a variety of combinations with 14-3-3 protein. This is the first study of this magnitude to examine prion disease diagnostic tests in a carefully characterized patient population with detailed statistical evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clive Hamlin
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Elevated levels of tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with probable Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Am J Med Sci 2010; 340:291-5. [PMID: 20881758 DOI: 10.1097/maj.0b013e3181e92a1f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A definitive diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) can only be made by neuropathologic examination and demonstration of typical pathologic changes and the pathologic prion protein in central nervous tissues. This study investigated the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the microtubule-association protein tau in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from Chinese patients with sporadic CJD. METHODS Two hundred two CSF samples from clinically suspected patients with sporadic CJD were analyzed for tau protein by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and for the signal transduction regulatory protein 14-3-3 protein by immunoblot. RESULTS Remarkably increased levels of tau protein and increased incidence of 14-3-3 positivity were observed in probable CJD, when compared with possible CJD and others. With a threshold of 1400 pg/mL, tau determination showed a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 94% for the diagnosis of probable CJD. The combination of raised tau and positive 14-3-3 increased the specificity but slightly reduced the sensitivity. Statistical analysis indicated that the raised level of tau positively correlated with the presence of 14-3-3 in CSF but not with other main clinical features, eg, age, gender, clinical manifestations and sampling time. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that Chinese patients with probable CJD have similar increased levels of tau in the CSF as in Caucasian patients. Measurement of CSF tau will be another potential technique for antemortem CJD diagnosis.
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the main component of the brain extracellular space and participates in the exchange of many biochemical products in the CNS. Consequently, CSF contains a dynamic and complex mixture of proteins that reflect the physiological or pathological state of the CNS. Changes in the CSF proteome have been described in various neurodegenerative disorders. These alterations are also thought to reflect pathological changes in the brain, and thus understanding them will contribute to a better awareness of the pathophysiology that underlies these disorders. Proteomics offers a new methodology for the analysis of pathological changes and mechanisms occurring in neurodegenerative processes and provides the possibility of novel biomarker discovery in order to supplement faster, earlier and more precise diagnosis. In general, the following criteria have to be applied in order to qualify a protein or a gene as a potential biomarker: the selected parameters have to be sensitive (able to detect the abnormalities at early stage of disease), specific (to allow differential diagnosis), reproducible with a high positive predictive value, and should allow for disease monitoring as well as a potential therapeutic response. In Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, two major approaches have been followed that aim to detect the pathological form of the prion protein (PrPSc) in various peripheral tissues, while other approaches look for surrogate parameters that are a consequence of the neurodegenerative process. While the amount of abnormal disease-related PrPSc in CSF and blood in human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies appears to be extremely low, the development of a PrPSc-based biomarker was hampered by technical problems and detection limits. However, a variety of other proteins have been investigated in the CSF, and recently a variety of potential biomarkers have been reported that contribute to clinical diagnosis. Already established markers are 14-3-3, β-amyloid, tau-protein and phosphorylated isoforms, S100b, as well as neuron-specific enolase. Since some of these markers display certain limitations, the search continues. This review summarizes current knowledge of biomarker development in prion diseases and discusses perspectives for new approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Gawinecka
- Department of Neurology, University Medical School, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical School, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in human genetic transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. J Neurol 2009; 256:1620-8. [PMID: 19444528 PMCID: PMC3085782 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-009-5163-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Revised: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The 14-3-3 protein test has been shown to support the clinical diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) when associated with an adequate clinical context, and a high differential potential for the diagnosis of sporadic CJD has been attributed to other cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins such as tau protein, S100b and neuron specific enolase (NSE). So far there has been only limited information available about biochemical markers in genetic transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (gTSE), although they represent 10–15% of human TSEs. In this study, we analyzed CSF of 174 patients with gTSEs for 14-3-3 (n = 166), tau protein (n = 78), S100b (n = 46) and NSE (n = 50). Levels of brain-derived proteins in CSF varied in different forms of gTSE. Biomarkers were found positive in the majority of gCJD (81%) and insert gTSE (69%), while they were negative in most cases of fatal familial insomnia (13%) and Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome (10%). Disease duration and codon 129 genotype influence the findings in a different way than in sporadic CJD.
Collapse
|
17
|
Fang Q, Strand A, Law W, Faca VM, Fitzgibbon MP, Hamel N, Houle B, Liu X, May DH, Poschmann G, Roy L, Stühler K, Ying W, Zhang J, Zheng Z, Bergeron JJM, Hanash S, He F, Leavitt BR, Meyer HE, Qian X, McIntosh MW. Brain-specific proteins decline in the cerebrospinal fluid of humans with Huntington disease. Mol Cell Proteomics 2008; 8:451-66. [PMID: 18984577 PMCID: PMC2649809 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m800231-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We integrated five sets of proteomics data profiling the constituents of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) derived from Huntington disease (HD)-affected and -unaffected individuals with genomics data profiling various human and mouse tissues, including the human HD brain. Based on an integrated analysis, we found that brain-specific proteins are 1.8 times more likely to be observed in CSF than in plasma, that brain-specific proteins tend to decrease in HD CSF compared with unaffected CSF, and that 81% of brain-specific proteins have quantitative changes concordant with transcriptional changes identified in different regions of HD brain. The proteins found to increase in HD CSF tend to be liver-associated. These protein changes are consistent with neurodegeneration, microgliosis, and astrocytosis known to occur in HD. We also discuss concordance between laboratories and find that ratios of individual proteins can vary greatly, but the overall trends with respect to brain or liver specificity were consistent. Concordance is highest between the two laboratories observing the largest numbers of proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaojun Fang
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sergeant N, Bretteville A, Hamdane M, Caillet-Boudin ML, Grognet P, Bombois S, Blum D, Delacourte A, Pasquier F, Vanmechelen E, Schraen-Maschke S, Buée L. Biochemistry of Tau in Alzheimer's disease and related neurological disorders. Expert Rev Proteomics 2008; 5:207-24. [PMID: 18466052 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.5.2.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule-associated Tau proteins belong to a family of factors that polymerize tubulin dimers and stabilize microtubules. Tau is strongly expressed in neurons, localized in the axon and is essential for neuronal plasticity and network. From the very beginning of Tau discovery, proteomics methods have been essential to the knowledge of Tau biochemistry and biology. In this review, we have summarized the main contributions of several proteomic methods in the understanding of Tau, including expression, post-translational modifications and structure, in both physiological and pathophysiological aspects. Finally, recent advances in proteomics technology are essential to develop further therapeutic targets and early predictive and discriminative diagnostic assays for Alzheimer's disease and related disorders.
Collapse
|
19
|
Glial and neuronal damage markers in patients with anorexia nervosa. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2008; 115:921-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-008-0033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2007] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|