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Zhou X, Lu C, Zhou F, Zhu Y, Jiang W, Zhou A, Shen Y, Pan L, Lv A, Shao Q. Transcription factor DcbZIPs regulate secondary metabolism in Dendrobium catenatum during cold stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14501. [PMID: 39256953 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Cold stress seriously affects plant development and secondary metabolism. The basic region/leucine zipper (bZIP) is one of the largest transcription factor (TFs) family and widely involved in plant cold stress response. However, the function of bZIP in Dendrobium catenatum has not been well-documented. Cold inhibited the growth of D. catenatum and increased total polysaccharide and alkaloid contents in stems. Here, 62 DcbZIP genes were identified in D. catenatum, which were divided into 13 subfamilies. Among them, 58 DcbZIPs responded to cold stress, which were selected based on the transcriptome database produced from cold-treated D. catenatum seedlings. Specifically, the expression of DcbZIP3/6/28 was highly induced by cold treatment in leaves or stems. Gene sequence analysis indicated that DcbZIP3/6/28 contains the bZIP conserved domain and is localized to the cell nucleus. Co-expression networks showed that DcbZIP6 was significantly negatively correlated with PAL2 (palmitoyl-CoA), which is involved in flavonoid metabolism. Moreover, DcbZIP28 has significant negative correlations with various metabolism-related genes in the polysaccharide metabolic pathway, including PFKA1 (6-phosphofructokinase), ALDO2 (aldose-6-phosphate reductase) and SCRK5 (fructokinase). These results implied that DcbZIP6 or DcbZIP28 are mainly involved in flavonoid or polysaccharide metabolism. Overall, these findings provide new insights into the roles of the DcbZIP gene family in secondary metabolism in D. catenatum under cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenfei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fenfen Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanqin Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wu Jiang
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Aicun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Pan'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry Innovation and Development Institute, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yanghui Shen
- Pan'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry Innovation and Development Institute, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Lanying Pan
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aimin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingsong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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Sonsungsan P, Nganga ML, Lieberman MC, Amundson KR, Stewart V, Plaimas K, Comai L, Henry IM. A k-mer-based bulked segregant analysis approach to map seed traits in unphased heterozygous potato genomes. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2024; 14:jkae035. [PMID: 38366577 PMCID: PMC10989861 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkae035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing-based methods for bulked segregant analysis (BSA) allow for the rapid identification of genetic markers associated with traits of interest. BSA studies have successfully identified qualitative (binary) and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) using QTL mapping. However, most require population structures that fit the models available and a reference genome. Instead, high-throughput short-read sequencing can be combined with BSA of k-mers (BSA-k-mer) to map traits that appear refractory to standard approaches. This method can be applied to any organism and is particularly useful for species with genomes diverged from the closest sequenced genome. It is also instrumental when dealing with highly heterozygous and potentially polyploid genomes without phased haplotype assemblies and for which a single haplotype can control a trait. Finally, it is flexible in terms of population structure. Here, we apply the BSA-k-mer method for the rapid identification of candidate regions related to seed spot and seed size in diploid potato. Using a mixture of F1 and F2 individuals from a cross between 2 highly heterozygous parents, candidate sequences were identified for each trait using the BSA-k-mer approach. Using parental reads, we were able to determine the parental origin of the loci. Finally, we mapped the identified k-mers to a closely related potato genome to validate the method and determine the genomic loci underlying these sequences. The location identified for the seed spot matches with previously identified loci associated with pigmentation in potato. The loci associated with seed size are novel. Both loci are relevant in future breeding toward true seeds in potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pajaree Sonsungsan
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Mwaura Livingstone Nganga
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Meric C Lieberman
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kirk R Amundson
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Victoria Stewart
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kitiporn Plaimas
- Omics Science and Bioinformatics Center, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Advanced Virtual and Intelligent Computing (AVIC) Center, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Luca Comai
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Isabelle M Henry
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Cui L, Li M, Zhang X, Guo Z, Li K, Shi Y, Wang Q, Guo H. Enhanced UV-B Radiation in Potato Stems and Leaves Promotes the Accumulation of Anthocyanins in Tubers. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:9943-9960. [PMID: 38132467 PMCID: PMC10742819 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45120621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhanced ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis in leaves, flowers and fruits of plants. However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of enhanced UV-B radiation on the accumulation of anthocyanins in the tubers of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) remain unclear. Herein, reciprocal grafting experiments were first conducted using colored and uncolored potatoes, demonstrating that the anthocyanins in potato tubers were synthesized in situ, and not transported from the leaves to the tubers. Furthermore, the enhanced UV-B radiation (2.5 kJ·m-2·d-1) on potato stems and leaves significantly increased the contents of total anthocyanin and monomeric pelargonidin and peonidin in the red-fleshed potato '21-1' tubers, compared to the untreated control. A comparative transcriptomic analysis showed that there were 2139 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under UV-B treatment in comparison to the control, including 1724 up-regulated and 415 down-regulated genes. The anthocyanin-related enzymatic genes in the tubers such as PAL, C4H, 4CL, CHS, CHI, F3H, F3'5'H, ANS, UFGTs, and GSTs were up-regulated under UV-B treatment, except for a down-regulated F3'H. A known anthocyanin-related transcription factor StbHLH1 also showed a significantly higher expression level under UV-B treatment. Moreover, six differentially expressed MYB transcription factors were remarkably correlated to almost all anthocyanin-related enzymatic genes. Additionally, a DEGs enrichment analysis suggested that jasmonic acid might be a potential UV-B signaling molecule involved in the UV-B-induced tuber biosynthesis of anthocyanin. These results indicated that enhanced UV-B radiation in potato stems and leaves induced anthocyanin accumulation in the tubers by regulating the enzymatic genes and transcription factors involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. This study provides novel insights into the mechanisms of enhanced UV-B radiation that regulate the anthocyanin biosynthesis in potato tubers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Cui
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (L.C.); (M.L.); (X.Z.); (K.L.); (Y.S.)
- Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Tuber and Root Crop Bio-Breeding and Healthy Seed Propagation, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Tuber and Root Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Maoxing Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (L.C.); (M.L.); (X.Z.); (K.L.); (Y.S.)
- Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Tuber and Root Crop Bio-Breeding and Healthy Seed Propagation, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Tuber and Root Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Xing Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (L.C.); (M.L.); (X.Z.); (K.L.); (Y.S.)
- Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Tuber and Root Crop Bio-Breeding and Healthy Seed Propagation, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Tuber and Root Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Zongming Guo
- Tuber and Root Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Kaifeng Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (L.C.); (M.L.); (X.Z.); (K.L.); (Y.S.)
- Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Tuber and Root Crop Bio-Breeding and Healthy Seed Propagation, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Tuber and Root Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Yuhan Shi
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (L.C.); (M.L.); (X.Z.); (K.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Qiong Wang
- Tuber and Root Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Huachun Guo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (L.C.); (M.L.); (X.Z.); (K.L.); (Y.S.)
- Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Tuber and Root Crop Bio-Breeding and Healthy Seed Propagation, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Tuber and Root Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
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Xu T, Yu L, Huang N, Liu W, Fang Y, Chen C, Jiang L, Wang T, Zhao J, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Wang N, Chen X. The regulatory role of MdNAC14-Like in anthocyanin synthesis and proanthocyanidin accumulation in red-fleshed apples. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 204:108068. [PMID: 37852067 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids, such as anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (PAs), play essential roles in plant growth, development, and stress response. Red-fleshed apples represent a valuable germplasm resource with high flavonoid content. Understanding and enriching the regulatory network controlling flavonoid synthesis in red-fleshed apples holds significant importance for cultivating high-quality fruits. In this study, we successfully isolated an NAC transcription factor, MdNAC14-Like, which exhibited a significant negative correlation with the content of anthocyanin. Transient injection of apple fruit and stable expression of callus confirmed that MdNAC14-Like acts as an inhibitor of anthocyanin synthesis. Through yeast monohybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift, and luciferase reporter assays, we demonstrated the ability of MdNAC14-Like to bind to the promoters of MdMYB9, MdMYB10, and MdUFGT, thus inhibiting their transcriptional activity and subsequently suppressing anthocyanin synthesis. Furthermore, our investigation revealed that MdNAC14-Like interacts with MdMYB12, enhancing the transcriptional activation of MdMYB12 on the downstream structural gene MdLAR, thereby promoting PA synthesis. This comprehensive functional characterization of MdNAC14-Like provides valuable insights into the intricate regulatory network governing anthocyanin and PA synthesis in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyao Xu
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Yu
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Ningwang Huang
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Fang
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Cong Chen
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Lepu Jiang
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Tong Wang
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Jianwen Zhao
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Zongying Zhang
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yuehua Xu
- Penglai City Fruit Tree Work Station, Penglai, Shandong 265600, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
| | - Xuesen Chen
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
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Li C, Gao Z, Hu W, Zhu X, Li Y, Li N, Ma C. Integration of comparative transcriptomics and WGCNA characterizes the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in mung bean ( Vigna radiata L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1251464. [PMID: 37941672 PMCID: PMC10628539 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1251464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Mung bean is a dual-use crop widely cultivated in Southeast Asia as a food and medicine resource. The development of new functional mung bean varieties demands identifying new genes regulating anthocyanidin synthesis and investigating their molecular mechanism. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing technology to generate transcriptome sequence of leaves, petioles, and hypocotyls for investigating the anthocyanins accumulation in common mung bean variety as well as anthocyanidin rich mung bean variety, and to elucidate their molecular mechanisms. 29 kinds of anthocyanin compounds were identified. Most of the anthocyanin components contents were significantly higher in ZL23 compare with AL12. Transcriptome analysis suggested that a total of 93 structural genes encoding the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway and 273 regulatory genes encoding the ternary complex of MYB-bHLH-WD40 were identified, of which 26 and 78 were differentially expressed in the two varieties. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed that VrMYB3 and VrMYB90 might have enhanced mung bean anthocyanin content by inducing the expression of structural genes such as PAL, 4CL, F3'5'H, LDOX, and F3'H, which was consistent with qRT-PCR results. These findings are envisaged to provide a reference for studying the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation in mung beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Li
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Dry-land Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Center in Henan, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Zexiang Gao
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Dry-land Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Center in Henan, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Weili Hu
- Crop Breeding Research Center, Nanyang Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- Crop Breeding Research Center, Nanyang Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Youjun Li
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Dry-land Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Center in Henan, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Dry-land Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Center in Henan, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Chao Ma
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Dry-land Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Center in Henan, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
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Li H, Wang W, Liu R, Tong B, Dai X, Lu Y, Yu Y, Dai S, Ruan L. Long non-coding RNA-mediated competing endogenous RNA regulatory network during flower development and color formation in Melastoma candidum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1215044. [PMID: 37575929 PMCID: PMC10415103 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1215044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
M. candidum, an evergreen shrubby flower known for its superior adaptation ability in South China, has gained increased attention in garden applications. However, scant attention has been paid to its flower development and color formation process at the non-coding RNA level. To fill this gap, we conducted a comprehensive analysis based on long non-coding RNA sequencing (lncRNA-seq), RNA-seq, small RNA sequencing (sRNA-seq), and widely targeted metabolome detection of three different flower developmental stages of M. candidum. After differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs), differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs), differentially expressed microRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and differentially synthesized metabolites (DSmets) analyses between the different flower developmental stages, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were conducted to identify some key genes and metabolites in flavonoid, flavone, anthocyanin, carotenoid, and alkaloid-related GO terms and biosynthetic pathways. Three direct-acting models, including antisense-acting, cis-acting, and trans-acting between lncRNAs and mRNAs, were detected to illustrate the direct function of lncRNAs on target genes during flower development and color formation. Based on the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory theory, we constructed a lncRNA-mediated regulatory network composed of DElncRNAs, DEmiRNAs, DEmRNAs, and DSmets to elucidate the indirect role of lncRNAs in the flower development and color formation of M. candidum. By utilizing correlation analyses between DERNAs and DSmets within the ceRNA regulatory network, alongside verification trials of the ceRNA regulatory mechanism, the study successfully illustrated the significance of lncRNAs in flower development and color formation process. This research provides a foundation for improving and regulating flower color at the lncRNA level in M. candidum, and sheds light on the potential applications of non-coding RNA in studies of flower development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Botany, Guangzhou Institute of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangzhou, China
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Botany, Guangzhou Institute of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Botong Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinren Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yixun Yu
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Seping Dai
- Department of Botany, Guangzhou Institute of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Ruan
- Department of Botany, Guangzhou Institute of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangzhou, China
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Chen M, Chang C, Li H, Huang L, Zhou Z, Zhu J, Liu D. Metabolome analysis reveals flavonoid changes during the leaf color transition in Populus × euramericana 'Zhonghuahongye'. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1162893. [PMID: 37223816 PMCID: PMC10200940 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1162893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Introduction To investigate the mechanism of leaf color change at different stages in Populus × euramericana 'Zhonghuahongye' ('Zhonghong' poplar). Methods Leaf color phenotypes were determined and a metabolomic analysis was performed on leaves at three stages (R1, R2 and R3). Results The a*, C* and chromatic light values of the leaves decreased by 108.91%, 52.08% and 113.34%, while the brightness L values and chromatic b* values gradually increased by 36.01% and 13.94%, respectively. In the differential metabolite assay, 81 differentially expressed metabolites were detected in the R1 vs. R3 comparison, 45 were detected in the R1 vs. R2 comparison, and 75 were detected in the R2 vs. R3 comparison. Ten metabolites showed significant differences in all comparisons, which were mostly flavonoid metabolites. The metabolites that were upregulated in the three periods were cyanidin 3,5-O-diglucoside, delphinidin, and gallocatechin, with flavonoid metabolites accounting for the largest proportion and malvidin 3- O-galactoside as the primary downregulated metabolite. The color shift of red leaves from a bright purplish red to a brownish green was associated with the downregulation of malvidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin, naringenin, and dihydromyricetin. Discussion Here, we analyzed the expression of flavonoid metabolites in the leaves of 'Zhonghong' poplar at three stages and identified key metabolites closely related to leaf color change, providing an important genetic basis for the genetic improvement of this cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Chen
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cuifang Chang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hui Li
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zongshun Zhou
- China Experimental Centre of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xinyu, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jingle Zhu
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside Contributes to Leaf Color Change by Regulating Two bHLH Transcription Factors in Phoebe bournei. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043829. [PMID: 36835240 PMCID: PMC9960835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins produce different-colored pigments in plant organs, which provide ornamental value. Thus, this study was conducted to understand the mechanism of anthocyanin synthesis in ornamental plants. Phoebe bournei, a Chinese specialty tree, has high ornamental and economic value due to its rich leaf color and diverse metabolic products. Here, the metabolic data and gene expression of red P. bournei leaves at the three developmental stages were evaluated to elucidate the color-production mechanism in the red-leaved P. bournei species. First, metabolomic analysis identified 34 anthocyanin metabolites showing high levels of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (cya-3-O-glu) in the S1 stage, which may suggest that it is a characteristic metabolite associated with the red coloration of the leaves. Second, transcriptome analysis showed that 94 structural genes were involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, especially flavanone 3'-hydroxy-lase (PbF3'H), and were significantly correlated with the cya-3-O-glu level. Third, K-means clustering analysis and phylogenetic analyses identified PbbHLH1 and PbbHLH2, which shared the same expression pattern as most structural genes, indicating that these two PbbHLH genes may be regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis in P. bournei. Finally, overexpression of PbbHLH1 and PbbHLH2 in Nicotiana tabacum leaves triggered anthocyanin accumulation. These findings provide a basis for cultivating P. bournei varieties that have high ornamental value.
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