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Adam H, Gopinath SCB, Arshad MKM, Adam T, Subramaniam S, Hashim U. An Update on Parkinson's Disease and its Neurodegenerative Counterparts. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2770-2787. [PMID: 37016529 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230403085733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurodegenerative disorders are a group of diseases that cause nerve cell degeneration in the brain, resulting in a variety of symptoms and are not treatable with drugs. Parkinson's disease (PD), prion disease, motor neuron disease (MND), Huntington's disease (HD), spinal cerebral dyskinesia (SCA), spinal muscle atrophy (SMA), multiple system atrophy, Alzheimer's disease (AD), spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) (ALS), pantothenate kinase-related neurodegeneration, and TDP-43 protein disorder are examples of neurodegenerative diseases. Dementia is caused by the loss of brain and spinal cord nerve cells in neurodegenerative diseases. BACKGROUND Even though environmental and genetic predispositions have also been involved in the process, redox metal abuse plays a crucial role in neurodegeneration since the preponderance of symptoms originates from abnormal metal metabolism. METHOD Hence, this review investigates several neurodegenerative diseases that may occur symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease to understand the differences and similarities between Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders based on reviewing previously published papers. RESULTS Based on the findings, the aggregation of alpha-synuclein occurs in Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, and dementia with Lewy bodies. Other neurodegenerative diseases occur with different protein aggregation or mutations. CONCLUSION We can conclude that Parkinson's disease, Multiple system atrophy, and Dementia with Lewy bodies are closely related. Therefore, researchers must distinguish among the three diseases to avoid misdiagnosis of Multiple System Atrophy and Dementia with Lewy bodies with Parkinson's disease symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussaini Adam
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
- Micro System Technology, Centre of Excellence (CoE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Campus, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Centre for Chemical Biology (CCB), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas, 11900 Penang, Malaysia
| | - M K Md Arshad
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Campus, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Tijjani Adam
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Campus, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Micro System Technology, Centre of Excellence (CoE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Campus, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Sreeramanan Subramaniam
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Georgetown, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Centre for Chemical Biology (CCB), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas, 11900 Penang, Malaysia
- National Poison Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Georgetown, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Uda Hashim
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
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Mikhaiel JP, Parasram M, Manning T, Al-Dulaimi MW, Barnes EC, Falcone GJ, Hwang DY, Prust ML. Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Initially Presenting With Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: A Case Report. Neurologist 2024; 29:14-16. [PMID: 37582680 DOI: 10.1097/nrl.0000000000000519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) is a fatal neurodegenerative condition caused by prion proteins. Cortical and subcortical diffusion-weighted imaging restriction on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is associated with sCJD. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) results from impaired vessel autoregulation due to an identifiable trigger, which is associated with subcortical fluid-attenuated inversion recovery changes on MRI. We report a case of sCJD initially presenting with PRES. CASE REPORT A 70-year-old woman presented to an outside hospital with progressive confusion and difficulty in managing activities of daily living. Initial examination revealed stuporous mental state and stimulus-induced myoclonus. MRI revealed bilateral subcortical occipital lobe T2-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensities without contrast enhancement suggestive of PRES. Electroencephalogram (EEG) revealed frequent generalized periodic discharges meeting criteria for nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Clinical examination and EEG did not improve despite escalating antiseizure medications. Initial lumbar puncture was unremarkable. She was transferred to our hospital with a presumptive diagnosis of PRES, although there was no clear trigger. Continuous EEG revealed ongoing generalized periodic discharges with myoclonic activity meeting criteria for myoclonic seizures that were refractory to multiple antiseizure medications. Repeat MRI showed resolution of PRES but revealed subtle diffuse cortical diffusion-weighted imaging restriction. Repeat lumbar puncture was performed and 14-3-3 and real-time quaking-induced conversion returned positive, confirming sCJD. CONCLUSIONS This case reports highlights that sCJD can present with neuroimaging consistent with PRES. The diagnosis of sCJD should be considered in patients with PRES who continue to show neurological decline despite optimal management and radiographic improvement of PRES on MRI. Further research is needed to identify a pathophysiological relationship between these clinical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Mikhaiel
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Melvin Parasram
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Thomas Manning
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Erin C Barnes
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Guido J Falcone
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - David Y Hwang
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Morgan L Prust
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Fraiman PHA, Teixeira CM, DE Oliveira JCD, DE Sousa TAP, Moreira-Neto M, Godeiro-Junior CDO. Rapidly progressive sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: isolated Heidenhain variant or a combination with PRES? ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2021; 79:352-353. [PMID: 33978093 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2020-0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Almeida Fraiman
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, Divisão de Neurologia, Natal RN, Brazil
| | - Carolina Militão Teixeira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, Divisão de Neurologia, Natal RN, Brazil
| | | | | | - Manuel Moreira-Neto
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, Divisão de Radiologia, Natal RN, Brazil
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Xu Z, Zhao Y. A Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease case misdiagnosed with acute cerebral infarction and review of the literature. Clin Case Rep 2020; 8:3311-3315. [PMID: 33363924 PMCID: PMC7752480 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
It was critical for the clinician to be aware of the neuroimaging and early-onset symptoms of this fatal neurodegenerative disease, and avoid initiating inappropriate therapy. Neuroimaging plays a key role in differentiating it from other mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouwei Xu
- Department of NeurologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Yuwu Zhao
- Department of NeurologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghaiChina
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Fishing in muddy waters- co-existing dual intracranial pathology in PRES: A case series and review of literature. Clin Imaging 2019; 60:186-193. [PMID: 31927176 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2019.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurotoxic state often characterized by altered mental state and is seen in various clinical settings. Although it is often reversible, it may result in long term sequelae. The typical and atypical neuroimaging findings seen in PRES have been previously well-described in the literature. However, the presence of other co-existing intracranial lesions along with PRES can occasionally confound the imaging findings and poses a diagnostic challenge. Herein, the authors report four cases of PRES with etiologically different co-existing intracranial lesions confounding the clinical and imaging manifestations. When presented with atypical imaging findings in PRES, the possibility of a co-existing intracranial pathology with superimposed imaging findings should be considered.
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Krüger S, Larsen J, Schaumberg J. [Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease imitates posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome]. DER NERVENARZT 2019; 90:618-622. [PMID: 30840102 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-019-0679-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Schulamith Krüger
- Abteilung für Neurologie, Helios Klinikum Uelzen, Hagenskamp 34, 29525, Uelzen, Deutschland.
| | - Jörg Larsen
- Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Helios Klinikum Uelzen, Uelzen, Deutschland
| | - Jens Schaumberg
- Abteilung für Neurologie, Helios Klinikum Uelzen, Hagenskamp 34, 29525, Uelzen, Deutschland
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