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He Y, Yu Q, Ma X, Lv D, Wang H, Qiu W, Chen XF, Jiao Y, Liu Y. A metabolomics approach reveals metabolic disturbance of human cholangiocarcinoma cells after parthenolide treatment. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 328:118075. [PMID: 38513779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz-Bip, commonly known as feverfew, has been traditionally used to treat fever, migraines, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer. Parthenolide (PTL), the main bioactive ingredient isolated from the shoots of feverfew, is a sesquiterpene lactone with anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties. Previous studies showed that PTL exerts anticancer activity in various cancers, including hepatoma, cholangiocarcinoma, acute myeloid leukemia, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer. However, the metabolic mechanism underlying the anticancer effect of PTL remains poorly understood. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the anticancer activity and underlying mechanism of PTL in human cholangiocarcinoma cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this investigation, the effects and mechanisms of PTL on human cholangiocarcinoma cells were investigated via a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS)-based metabolomics approach. First, cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry analysis, and western blotting. Then, LC/MS-based metabolic profiling along with orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) has been constructed to distinguish the metabolic changes between the negative control group and the PTL-treated group in TFK1 cells. Next, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to investigate the changes of metabolic enzymes associated with significantly alerted metabolites. Finally, the metabolic network related to key metabolic enzymes, metabolites, and metabolic pathways was established using MetaboAnalyst 5.0 and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Pathway Database. RESULTS PTL treatment could induce the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of TFK1 in a concentration-dependent manner. Forty-three potential biomarkers associated with the antitumor effect of PTL were identified, which primarily related to glutamine and glutamate metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism, glutathione metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, phospholipid catabolism, and sphingolipid metabolism. Pathway analysis of upstream and downstream metabolites, we found three key metabolic enzymes, including glutaminase (GLS), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which mainly involved in glutamine and glutamate metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism. The changes of metabolic enzymes associated with significantly alerted metabolites were consistent with the levels of metabolites, and the metabolic network related to key metabolic enzymes, metabolites, and metabolic pathways was established. PTL may exert its antitumor effect against cholangiocarcinoma by disturbing metabolic pathways. Furthermore, we selected two positive control agents that are considered as first-line chemotherapy standards in cholangiocarcinoma therapy to verify the reliability and accuracy of our metabolomic study on PTL. CONCLUSION This research enhanced our comprehension of the metabolic profiling and mechanism of PTL treatment on cholangiocarcinoma cells, which provided some references for further research into the anti-cancer mechanisms of other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping He
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, Nanning, 530021, China; School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China; Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Chongzuo, Guangxi, Chongzuo, 532200, China
| | - Qianxue Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Diya Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Weian Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiao Fei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Liu J, Zhang L, Xu F, Zhang P, Song Y. Chronic administration of triclosan leads to liver fibrosis through hepcidin-ferroportin axis-mediated iron overload. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 137:144-154. [PMID: 37980003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) has been manufactured as an antibacterial compound for half a century. Currently, it is widely used in various personal care products; however, its potential adverse effects raise a lot of attention. Here, we create a long-term oral administration mouse model and identify the corresponding hepatotoxicity of TCS. We discover that daily intragastric administration of 10 mg/kg TCS to mice for 12 weeks results in severe hepatic fibrosis. Further study displays that hepatic iron increased 18%, 23% and 29% upon oral TCS treatment for 4, 8 and 12 weeks, respectively. Accompanied by hepatic iron variation, splenic and duodenal iron are increased, which indicates systemic iron disorder. Not only excessive iron accumulated in the liver, abnormal hepatic malondialdehyde, prostaglandin synthase 2 and glutathione peroxidase 4 are pointed to ferroptosis. Additional study uncovers that hepcidin expression increases 7%, 10%, 4% in serum and 2.4-, 4.8-, and 2.3-fold on transcriptional levels upon TCS exposure for 4, 8 and 12 weeks, individually. Taken together, the mice in the TCS-treated group show disordered systemic iron homeostasis via the upregulated hepatic hepcidin-ferroportin axis. Meanwhile, both hepatic iron overload (systemic level) and hepatocyte ferroptosis (cellular level) are accused of TCS-induced liver fibrosis. Ferriprox®, an iron scavenger, significantly ameliorates TCS-induced liver fibrosis. In summary, this study confirms the impact of TCS on liver fibrosis; a critical signal pathway is also displayed. The significance of the current study is to prompt us to reevaluate the "pros and cons" of TCS applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Institute of Karst Wetland Ecology, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Lecong Zhang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Institute of Karst Wetland Ecology, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Fang Xu
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Institute of Karst Wetland Ecology, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Institute of Karst Wetland Ecology, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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Zou M, Sheng J, Ruan M, Zhou W, Ye F, Yang G, Qian Y, Wang J, Wang R, Liu S, Liu H. Perineural invasion confers poorer clinical outcomes in patients with T1/T2 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a single center, retrospective cohort study. J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 14:2500-2510. [PMID: 38196519 PMCID: PMC10772696 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-23-950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) poses a significant clinical challenge, demanding a thorough understanding of prognostic indicators for effective patient management. Despite reports suggesting the impact of perineural invasion (PNI) on the prognosis of early-stage ICC patients, there has been a dearth of comprehensive research specifically targeting this subgroup. This study seeks to investigate the influence of PNI on survival outcomes in early-stage ICC patients and aims to enhance the prognostic value of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) T category. Methods A cohort of 268 early-stage (T1-T2N0M0) ICC patients, who underwent curative-intent resection (R0) between 2011 and 2015 at the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, were enrolled in this study. Lasso and Cox regression analyses were employed to explore differences in clinical and prognostic data. Kaplan-Meier curves were generated to illustrate the clinical significance of the combination of PNI and T category. Results Among the 268 patients, 24.6% exhibited PNI. Patients with PNI demonstrated shorter recurrence-free survival (RFS) [median RFS: 16 months (interquartile range, 9.5-19 months)] and overall survival (OS) [median OS: 16.53 months (interquartile range, 10-25 months)]. PNI emerged as an independent risk factor for both RFS and OS in T1- and T2-stage patients (all P<0.05), whereas tumor size was only an independent risk factor for OS (P=0.004). PNI was associated with all prognostic markers for ICC patients, including gender, jaundice, cholangitis, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, cancer antigen 199 (CA199), preoperative serum albumin, and preoperative platelet count (all P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in RFS (P=0.270) and OS (P=0.360) between T2 patients without PNI and T1 patients with PNI. Conclusions This study underscores PNI as a robust prognostic factor in early-stage ICC, emphasizing the necessity of incorporating PNI into the AJCC T category for precise risk stratification. Clinically, understanding the impact of PNI on survival outcomes can guide tailored treatment strategies for early ICC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Zou
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Sheng
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Minghao Ruan
- The First Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxuan Zhou
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Feiyang Ye
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Gaowei Yang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Qian
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Qilu Medical University, Zibo, China
| | - Jian Wang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- The First Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Suiyi Liu
- Department of Engineering, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Liu
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai, China
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Yang F, Hilakivi-Clarke L, Shaha A, Wang Y, Wang X, Deng Y, Lai J, Kang N. Metabolic reprogramming and its clinical implication for liver cancer. Hepatology 2023; 78:1602-1624. [PMID: 36626639 PMCID: PMC10315435 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells often encounter hypoxic and hypo-nutrient conditions, which force them to make adaptive changes to meet their high demands for energy and various biomaterials for biomass synthesis. As a result, enhanced catabolism (breakdown of macromolecules for energy production) and anabolism (macromolecule synthesis from bio-precursors) are induced in cancer. This phenomenon is called "metabolic reprogramming," a cancer hallmark contributing to cancer development, metastasis, and drug resistance. HCC and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are 2 different liver cancers with high intertumoral heterogeneity in terms of etiologies, mutational landscapes, transcriptomes, and histological representations. In agreement, metabolism in HCC or CCA is remarkably heterogeneous, although changes in the glycolytic pathways and an increase in the generation of lactate (the Warburg effect) have been frequently detected in those tumors. For example, HCC tumors with activated β-catenin are addicted to fatty acid catabolism, whereas HCC tumors derived from fatty liver avoid using fatty acids. In this review, we describe common metabolic alterations in HCC and CCA as well as metabolic features unique for their subsets. We discuss metabolism of NAFLD as well, because NAFLD will likely become a leading etiology of liver cancer in the coming years due to the obesity epidemic in the Western world. Furthermore, we outline the clinical implication of liver cancer metabolism and highlight the computation and systems biology approaches, such as genome-wide metabolic models, as a valuable tool allowing us to identify therapeutic targets and develop personalized treatments for liver cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Yang
- BA/MD Joint Admission Scholars Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Leena Hilakivi-Clarke
- Food Science and Nutrition Section, The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Aurpita Shaha
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, the Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Yuanguo Wang
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, the Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Xianghu Wang
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, the Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Yibin Deng
- Department of Urology, Masonic Cancer Center, The University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jinping Lai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Sacramento Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Ningling Kang
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, the Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
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5
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Saisomboon S, Kariya R, Boonnate P, Sawanyawisuth K, Cha'on U, Luvira V, Chamgramol Y, Pairojkul C, Seubwai W, Silsirivanit A, Wongkham S, Okada S, Jitrapakdee S, Vaeteewoottacharn K. Diminishing acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 attenuates CCA migration via AMPK-NF-κB-snail axis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166694. [PMID: 36972768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a cancer of the biliary tract, is a significant health problem in Thailand. Reprogramming of cellular metabolism and upregulation of lipogenic enzymes have been revealed in CCA, but the mechanism is unclear. The current study highlighted the importance of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), a rate-limiting enzyme in de novo lipogenesis, on CCA migration. ACC1 expression in human CCA tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated that increased ACC1 was related to the shorter survival of CCA patients. Herein, ACC1-deficient cell lines (ACC1-KD) were generated by the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (cas9) system and were used for the comparative study. The ACC1 levels in ACC1-KD were 80-90 % lower than in parental cells. Suppression of ACC1 significantly reduced intracellular malonyl-CoA and neutral lipid contents. Two-fold growth retardation and 60-80 % reduced CCA cell migration and invasion were observed in ACC1-KD cells. The reduced 20-40 % of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activation, lowered NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation, and snail expression were emphasized. Migration of ACC1-KD cells was restored by supplementation with palmitic acid and malonyl-CoA. Altogether, the importance of rate-limiting enzyme in de novo fatty acid synthesis, ACC1, and AMPK-NF-κB-snail axis on CCA progression was suggested herein. These might be the novel targets for CCA drug design. (ACC1, AMPK, Cholangiocarcinoma, De novo lipogenesis, NF-κB, Palmitic acid).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saowaluk Saisomboon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan; Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Ryusho Kariya
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Piyanard Boonnate
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Kanlayanee Sawanyawisuth
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Ubon Cha'on
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Vor Luvira
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Yaovalux Chamgramol
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chawalit Pairojkul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wunchana Seubwai
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Atit Silsirivanit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sopit Wongkham
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan; Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Sarawut Jitrapakdee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Kulthida Vaeteewoottacharn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan; Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Phukhum P, Phetcharaburanin J, Chaleekarn K, Kittirat Y, Kulthawatsiri T, Namwat N, Loilome W, Khuntikeo N, Titapun A, Wangwiwatsin A, Khampitak T, Suksawat M, Klanrit P. The impact of hypoxia and oxidative stress on proteo-metabolomic alterations of 3D cholangiocarcinoma models. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3072. [PMID: 36810897 PMCID: PMC9944917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The three-dimensional multicellular spheroid (3D MCS) model has been employed in cholangiocarcinoma research as it generates 3D architecture and includes more physiological relevance with the multicellular arrangement. However, it is also essential to explain the molecular signature in this microenvironment and its structural complexity. The results indicated that poorly differentiated CCA cell lines were unable to form 3D MCS due to the lack of cell adhesion molecules with more mesenchymal marker expression. The well-differentiated CCA and cholangiocyte cell lines were able to develop 3D MCSs with round shapes, smooth perimeter, and cell adhesion molecules that led to the hypoxic and oxidative microenvironment detected. For MMNK-1, KKU-213C, and KKU-213A MCSs, the proteo-metabolomic analysis showed proteins and metabolic products altered compared to 2D cultures, including cell-cell adhesion molecules, energy metabolism-related enzymes and metabolites, and oxidative-related metabolites. Therefore, the 3D MCSs provide different physiological states with different phenotypic signatures compared to 2D cultures. Considering the 3D model mimics more physiological relevance, it might lead to an alternate biochemical pathway, targeting to improve drug sensitivity for CCA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimpawadee Phukhum
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Jutarop Phetcharaburanin
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Kwuanjira Chaleekarn
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Yingpinyapat Kittirat
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Thanaporn Kulthawatsiri
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Nisana Namwat
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Watcharin Loilome
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Narong Khuntikeo
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Attapol Titapun
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Arporn Wangwiwatsin
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Tueanjit Khampitak
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Manida Suksawat
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Poramate Klanrit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. .,Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. .,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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7
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Treeriya R, Ho PN, Titapun A, Klanrit P, Suksawat M, Kulthawatsiri T, Sirirattanakul S, Loilome W, Namwat N, Wangwiwatsin A, Chamadol N, Khuntikeo N, Phetcharaburanin J. 1H NMR fecal metabolic phenotyping of periductal fibrosis- and cholangiocarcinoma-specific metabotypes defining perturbation in gut microbial-host co-metabolism. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15386. [PMID: 37187520 PMCID: PMC10178365 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini (OV), which subsequently inhabits the biliary system and results in periductal fibrosis (PDF), is one of the primarily causes of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a bile duct cancer with an exceptionally high incidence in the northeast of Thailand and other Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) countries. Insights in fecal metabolic changes associated with PDF and CCA are required for further molecular research related to gut health and potential diagnostic biological marker development. Methods In this study, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics was applied for fecal metabolic phenotyping from 55 fecal water samples across different study groups including normal bile duct, PDF and CCA groups. Results By using NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomics, fecal metabolic profiles of patients with CCA or PDF and of individuals with normal bile duct have been established with a total of 40 identified metabolites. Further multivariate statistical analysis and hierarchical clustering heat map have demonstrated the PDF- and CCA-specific metabotypes through various altered metabolite groups including amino acids, alcohols, amines, anaerobic glycolytic metabolites, fatty acids, microbial metabolites, sugar, TCA cycle intermediates, tryptophan catabolism substrates, and pyrimidine metabolites. Compared to the normal bile duct group, PDF individuals showed the significantly elevated relative concentrations of fecal ethanol, glycine, tyrosine, and N-acetylglucosamine whereas CCA patients exhibited the remarkable fecal metabolic changes that can be evident through the increased relative concentrations of fecal uracil, succinate, and 5-aminopentanoate. The prominent fecal metabolic alterations between CCA and PDF were displayed by the reduction of relative concentration of methanol observed in CCA. The metabolic alterations associated with PDF and CCA progression have been proposed with the involvement of various metabolic pathways including TCA cycle, ethanol biogenesis, hexamine pathway, methanol biogenesis, pyrimidine metabolism, and lysine metabolism. Among them, ethanol, methanol, and lysine metabolism strongly reflect the association of gut-microbial host metabolic crosstalk in PDF and/or CCA patients. Conclusion The PDF- and CCA-associated metabotypes have been investigated displaying their distinct fecal metabolic patterns compared to that of normal bile duct group. Our study also demonstrated that the perturbation in co-metabolism of host and gut bacteria has been involved from the early step since OV infection to CCA tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujikorn Treeriya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Phuc N. Ho
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Attapol Titapun
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Poramate Klanrit
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Systems Biosciences and Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Manida Suksawat
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Thanaporn Kulthawatsiri
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Suphasarang Sirirattanakul
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Watcharin Loilome
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Systems Biosciences and Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nisana Namwat
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Systems Biosciences and Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Arporn Wangwiwatsin
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Systems Biosciences and Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nittaya Chamadol
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Narong Khuntikeo
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Jutarop Phetcharaburanin
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Systems Biosciences and Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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8
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Loilome W, Namwat N, Jusakul A, Techasen A, Klanrit P, Phetcharaburanin J, Wangwiwatsin A. The Hallmarks of Liver Fluke Related Cholangiocarcinoma: Insight into Drug Target Possibility. Recent Results Cancer Res 2023; 219:53-90. [PMID: 37660331 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-35166-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant tumor of the biliary tree that is classified into three groups based on its anatomic location: intrahepatic (iCCA), perihilar (pCCA), and distal (dCCA). Perihilar CCA is the most common type and accounts for 50-60% of CCA cases. It is followed by distal CCA and then intrahepatic CCA that account for 20-30% and 10-20% of cases, respectively. This chapter discusses the hallmarks of liver fluke related CCA and explores insights into drug target possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watcharin Loilome
- Department of System Biosciences and Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Nisana Namwat
- Department of System Biosciences and Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Apinya Jusakul
- Faculty of Associated Medical Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Techasen
- Faculty of Associated Medical Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Poramate Klanrit
- Department of System Biosciences and Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Jutarop Phetcharaburanin
- Department of System Biosciences and Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Arporn Wangwiwatsin
- Department of System Biosciences and Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
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9
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Raggi C, Taddei ML, Rae C, Braconi C, Marra F. Metabolic reprogramming in cholangiocarcinoma. J Hepatol 2022; 77:849-864. [PMID: 35594992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer and allows tumour cells to meet the increased energy demands required for rapid proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Indeed, many tumour cells acquire distinctive metabolic and bioenergetic features that enable them to survive in resource-limited conditions, mainly by harnessing alternative nutrients. Several recent studies have explored the metabolic plasticity of cancer cells with the aim of identifying new druggable targets, while therapeutic strategies to limit the access to nutrients have been successfully applied to the treatment of some tumours. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a highly heterogeneous tumour, is the second most common form of primary liver cancer. It is characterised by resistance to chemotherapy and poor prognosis, with 5-year survival rates of below 20%. Deregulation of metabolic pathways have been described during the onset and progression of CCA. Increased aerobic glycolysis and glutamine anaplerosis provide CCA cells with the ability to generate biosynthetic intermediates. Other metabolic alterations involving carbohydrates, amino acids and lipids have been shown to sustain cancer cell growth and dissemination. In this review, we discuss the complex metabolic rewiring that occurs during CCA development and leads to unique nutrient addiction. The possible role of therapeutic interventions based on metabolic changes is also thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Raggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Maria Letizia Taddei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Colin Rae
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Braconi
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Marra
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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10
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Wang X, Liang P, Yu J, Yao JD, Fan FY, Yu X, Cheng ZG, Han ZY, Liu FY, Dou JP. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound features predict the prognosis of percutaneous microwave ablation of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Br J Radiol 2022; 95:20211379. [PMID: 35138914 PMCID: PMC10993967 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20211379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prognostic effect of pre-operative contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) features on intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) after percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA). METHODS A total of ICC 29 patients (average age 56.34 ± 9.78 years old, 33~75 years old) underwent MWA from March 2012 to December 2020, with a total of 58 lesions (0.5-8.1 cm, mean diameter, 2.68 ± 1.59 cm), and their pre-operative CEUS images and clinical data were collected and reviewed. Survival rate, local progression rate, intra- and extrahepatic metastasis rate were evaluated. Uni- and multivariate analysis were used to analyze the prognostic factors affecting the survival of ICC patients with pre-operative CEUS features. RESULTS The median follow-up time after MWA was 18.43 months (4.17-93.13 months). 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS rates were 64.4%, 48.1% and 48.1%; 6-, 12-, 18-, 24-, 36-, 48-, and 60-month local progress and extrahepatic metastasis rates were 0.0%, 4.0%, 17.7%, 17.7%, 17.7%, 17.7%, 17.7% and 3.4%, 21.5%, 32.7%, 45.6%, 55.2%, 55.2% and 77.6%, respectively. Uni- and multivariate analysis showed that post-operative extrahepatic metastasis was an important factor for long-term survival of ICC patients after MWA (p = 0.006, 0.01), and Rim-enhancement feature of pre-operative CEUS was identified as an independent predictor of post-operative extrahepatic metastasis and long-term survival (p = 0.02, 0.02). CONCLUSION Rim-enhancement feature of pre-operative CEUS is a predictor high post-operative extrahepatic metastasis and poor prognosis through distant microvascular metastasis after MWA of ICC patients. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE This study determined the important CEUS features of ICC and analyzed their impact on the prognosis of ICC patients after MWA, providing scientific guidance for better clinical treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, The Fifth Medical
Center of PLA General Hospital,
Beijing, China
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of
Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou,
China
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, The Fifth Medical
Center of PLA General Hospital,
Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, The Fifth Medical
Center of PLA General Hospital,
Beijing, China
| | - Jun-dong Yao
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, The Fifth Medical
Center of PLA General Hospital,
Beijing, China
| | - Fang-ying Fan
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, The Fifth Medical
Center of PLA General Hospital,
Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Yu
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, The Fifth Medical
Center of PLA General Hospital,
Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-gang Cheng
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, The Fifth Medical
Center of PLA General Hospital,
Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-yu Han
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, The Fifth Medical
Center of PLA General Hospital,
Beijing, China
| | - Fang-yi Liu
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, The Fifth Medical
Center of PLA General Hospital,
Beijing, China
| | - Jian-ping Dou
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, The Fifth Medical
Center of PLA General Hospital,
Beijing, China
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11
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Paul B, Lewinska M, Andersen JB. Lipid alterations in chronic liver disease and liver cancer. JHEP Rep 2022; 4:100479. [PMID: 35469167 PMCID: PMC9034302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids are a complex and diverse group of molecules with crucial roles in many physiological processes, as well as in the onset, progression, and maintenance of cancers. Fatty acids and cholesterol are the building blocks of lipids, orchestrating these crucial metabolic processes. In the liver, lipid alterations are prevalent as a cause and consequence of chronic hepatitis B and C virus infections, alcoholic hepatitis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis. Recent developments in lipidomics have also revealed that dynamic changes in triacylglycerols, phospholipids, sphingolipids, ceramides, fatty acids, and cholesterol are involved in the development and progression of primary liver cancer. Accordingly, the transcriptional landscape of lipid metabolism suggests a carcinogenic role of increasing fatty acids and sterol synthesis. However, limited mechanistic insights into the complex nature of the hepatic lipidome have so far hindered the development of effective therapies.
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12
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Yamamoto T, Sato K, Yamaguchi M, Mitamura K, Taga A. Development of simultaneous quantitative analysis of tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites to identify specific metabolites in cancer cells by targeted metabolomic approach. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 584:53-59. [PMID: 34768082 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is one of the most important pathways of energy metabolism, and the profiles of its components are influenced by factors such as diseases and diets. Therefore, the differences in metabolic profile of TCA cycle between healthy and cancer cells have been the focus of studies to understand pathological conditions. In this study, we developed a quantitative method to measure TCA cycle metabolites using LC-MS/MS to obtain useful metabolic profiles for development of diagnostic and therapeutic methods for cancer. We successfully analyzed 11 TCA cycle metabolites by LC MS/MS with high reproducibility by using a PFP column with 0.5% formic acid as a mobile phase. Next, we analyzed the concentration of TCA cycle metabolites in human cell lines (HaCaT: normal skin keratinocytes; A431: skin squamous carcinoma cells; SW480: colorectal cancer cells). We observed reduced concentration of succinate and increased concentration of citrate, 2-hydroxyglutarate, and glutamine in A431 cells as compared with HaCaT cells. On the other hand, decreased concentration of isocitrate, fumarate, and α-ketoglutarate and increased concentration of malate, glutamine, and glutamate in A431 cells were observed in comparison with SW480 cells. These findings suggested the possibility of identifying disease-specific metabolites and/or organ-specific metabolites by using this targeted metabolomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsushi Yamamoto
- Pathological and Biomolecule Analyses Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kanta Sato
- Pathological and Biomolecule Analyses Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yamaguchi
- Pathological and Biomolecule Analyses Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kuniko Mitamura
- Pathological and Biomolecule Analyses Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Taga
- Pathological and Biomolecule Analyses Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan; Antiaging Center, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan.
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