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Ding D, Ekelund U. From London buses to activity trackers: A reflection of 70 years of physical activity research. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:736-738. [PMID: 38851584 PMCID: PMC11336341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Ding
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo 0806, Norway; Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo 0213, Norway
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Blodgett JM, Bann D, Chastin SFM, Ahmadi M, Stamatakis E, Cooper R, Hamer M. Socioeconomic gradients in 24-hour movement patterns across weekends and weekdays in a working-age sample: evidence from the 1970 British Cohort Study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2024; 78:515-521. [PMID: 38744444 PMCID: PMC11287567 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2023-221726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socioeconomic differences in movement behaviours may contribute to health inequalities. The aim of this descriptive study was to investigate socioeconomic patterns in device-measured 24-hour movement and assess whether patterns differ between weekdays and weekends. METHODS 4894 individuals aged 46 years from the 1970 British Cohort Study were included. Participants wore thigh-worn accelerometers for 7 days. Movement behaviours were classified in two 24-hour compositions based on intensity and posture, respectively: (1) sleep, sedentary behaviour, light-intensity activity and moderate-vigorous activity; and (2) sleep, lying, sitting, standing, light movement, walking and combined exercise-like activity. Four socioeconomic measures were explored: education, occupation, income and deprivation index. Movement behaviours were considered compositional means on a 24-hour scale; isometric log ratios expressed per cent differences in daily time in each activity compared with the sample mean. RESULTS Associations were consistent across all socioeconomic measures. For example, those with a degree spent more time in exercise-like activities across weekdays (10.8%, 95% CI 7.3 to 14.7; ref: sample mean) and weekends (21.9%, 95% CI 17.2 to 26.9). Other patterns differed markedly by the day of the week. Those with no formal qualifications spent more time standing (5.1%, 95% CI 2.3 to 7.1), moving (10.8%, 95% CI 8.6 to 13.1) and walking(4.0%, 95% CI 2.2 to 6.1) during weekdays, with no differences on weekends. Conversely, those with no formal qualifications spent less time sitting during weekdays (-6.6%, 95% CI -7.8 to -4.8), yet more time lying on both weekends (8.8%, 95% CI 4.9 to 12.2) and weekdays (7.5%, 95% CI 4.0 to 11.5). CONCLUSIONS There were strong socioeconomic gradients in 24-hour movement behaviours, with notable differences between weekdays/weekends and behaviour type/posture. These findings emphasise the need to consider socioeconomic position, behaviour type/posture and the day of the week when researching or designing interventions targeting working-age adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Blodgett
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, UCL, London, UK
- NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, England, UK
| | - David Bann
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, UCL, London, UK
| | | | - Matthew Ahmadi
- Mackenzie Wearables Research Hub, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Mackenzie Wearables Research Hub, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachel Cooper
- AGE Research Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mark Hamer
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, UCL, London, UK
- NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, England, UK
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Blodgett JM, Ahmadi MN, Atkin AJ, Chastin S, Chan HW, Suorsa K, Bakker EA, Hettiarcachchi P, Johansson PJ, Sherar LB, Rangul V, Pulsford RM, Mishra G, Eijsvogels TMH, Stenholm S, Hughes AD, Teixeira-Pinto AM, Ekelund U, Lee IM, Holtermann A, Koster A, Stamatakis E, Hamer M. Device-measured physical activity and cardiometabolic health: the Prospective Physical Activity, Sitting, and Sleep (ProPASS) consortium. Eur Heart J 2024; 45:458-471. [PMID: 37950859 PMCID: PMC10849343 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Physical inactivity, sedentary behaviour (SB), and inadequate sleep are key behavioural risk factors of cardiometabolic diseases. Each behaviour is mainly considered in isolation, despite clear behavioural and biological interdependencies. The aim of this study was to investigate associations of five-part movement compositions with adiposity and cardiometabolic biomarkers. METHODS Cross-sectional data from six studies (n = 15 253 participants; five countries) from the Prospective Physical Activity, Sitting and Sleep consortium were analysed. Device-measured time spent in sleep, SB, standing, light-intensity physical activity (LIPA), and moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) made up the composition. Outcomes included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, HDL cholesterol, total:HDL cholesterol ratio, triglycerides, and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Compositional linear regression examined associations between compositions and outcomes, including modelling time reallocation between behaviours. RESULTS The average daily composition of the sample (age: 53.7 ± 9.7 years; 54.7% female) was 7.7 h sleeping, 10.4 h sedentary, 3.1 h standing, 1.5 h LIPA, and 1.3 h MVPA. A greater MVPA proportion and smaller SB proportion were associated with better outcomes. Reallocating time from SB, standing, LIPA, or sleep into MVPA resulted in better scores across all outcomes. For example, replacing 30 min of SB, sleep, standing, or LIPA with MVPA was associated with -0.63 (95% confidence interval -0.48, -0.79), -0.43 (-0.25, -0.59), -0.40 (-0.25, -0.56), and -0.15 (0.05, -0.34) kg/m2 lower BMI, respectively. Greater relative standing time was beneficial, whereas sleep had a detrimental association when replacing LIPA/MVPA and positive association when replacing SB. The minimal displacement of any behaviour into MVPA for improved cardiometabolic health ranged from 3.8 (HbA1c) to 12.7 (triglycerides) min/day. CONCLUSIONS Compositional data analyses revealed a distinct hierarchy of behaviours. Moderate-vigorous physical activity demonstrated the strongest, most time-efficient protective associations with cardiometabolic outcomes. Theoretical benefits from reallocating SB into sleep, standing, or LIPA required substantial changes in daily activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Blodgett
- Institute of Sport Exercise and Health, Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London , UK
| | - Matthew N Ahmadi
- Mackenzie Wearables Research Hub, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J Atkin
- School of Health Sciences and Norwich Epidemiology Centre, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Sebastien Chastin
- School of Health and Life Science Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hsiu-Wen Chan
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kristin Suorsa
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Esmee A Bakker
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Exercise Physiology ResearchGroup, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pasan Hettiarcachchi
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Peter J Johansson
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lauren B Sherar
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK
| | - Vegar Rangul
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway
| | | | - Gita Mishra
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thijs M H Eijsvogels
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Exercise Physiology ResearchGroup, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sari Stenholm
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Services, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland
| | - Alun D Hughes
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, UCL, UK
- UCL BHF Research Accelerator, University College London, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | | | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Departmentof Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Public Health Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - I-Min Lee
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annemarie Koster
- Department of Social Medicine, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Mackenzie Wearables Research Hub, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Hamer
- Institute of Sport Exercise and Health, Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London , UK
- University College London Hospitals NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
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Blodgett JM, Ahmadi M, Stamatakis E, Rockwood K, Hamer M. Fractal complexity of daily physical activity and cognitive function in a midlife cohort. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20340. [PMID: 37990028 PMCID: PMC10663528 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
High stability of fluctuation in physiological patterns across fixed time periods suggest healthy fractal complexity, while greater randomness in fluctuation patterns may indicate underlying disease processes. The importance of fractal stability in mid-life remains unexplored. We quantified fractal regulation patterns in 24-h accelerometer data and examined associations with cognitive function in midlife. Data from 5097 individuals (aged 46) from the 1970 British Cohort Study were analyzed. Participants wore thigh-mounted accelerometers for seven days and completed cognitive tests (verbal fluency, memory, processing speed; derived composite z-score). Detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) was used to examine temporal correlations of acceleration magnitude across 25 time scales (range: 1 min-10 h). Linear regression examined associations between DFA scaling exponents (DFAe) and each standardised cognitive outcome. DFAe was normally distributed (mean ± SD: 0.90 ± 0.06; range: 0.72-1.25). In males, a 0.10 increase in DFAe was associated with a 0.30 (95% Confidence Interval: 0.14, 0.47) increase in composite cognitive z-score in unadjusted models; associations were strongest for verbal fluency (0.10 [0.04, 0.16]). Associations remained in fully-adjusted models for verbal fluency only (0.06 [0.00, 0.12]). There was no association between DFA and cognition in females. Greater fractal stability in men was associated with better cognitive function. This could indicate mechanisms through which fractal complexity may scale up to and contribute to cognitive clinical endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Blodgett
- Institute of Sport Exercise and Health, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Matthew Ahmadi
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Mackenzie Wearables Research Hub, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Mackenzie Wearables Research Hub, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kenneth Rockwood
- Geriatric Medicine Research, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Mark Hamer
- Institute of Sport Exercise and Health, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
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Vähä-Ypyä H, Husu P, Sievänen H, Vasankari T. What Can One Minute of the Day Tell about Physical Activity? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6852. [PMID: 37835123 PMCID: PMC10572772 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20196852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
High cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) allows individuals to perform daily activities and operate at a higher intensity level. This study investigates the connection between the CRF and peak intensity of physical activity (PA) in absolute and relative terms. A total of 3587 participants (1447 men, 51.9 ± 13.0 years; 2140 women, 50.0 ± 13.0 years) provided substantial accelerometer wear time, and their CRF was estimated via the 6 min walking test. Participants were divided into CRF thirds by age group and sex. Daily one-minute peak intensities were captured in both absolute terms and relative to individual CRF levels. In absolute terms, the highest CRF third had the highest intensity value for men (6.4 ± 1.7 MET; 5.9 ± 1.4 MET; 5.3 ± 1.0 MET) and for women (6.4 ± 1.6 MET; 5.9 ± 1.3 MET; 5.4 ± 1.1 MET). In relative terms, the highest CRF third utilized the least aerobic capacity for men (49 ± 14%; 51 ± 13%; 56 ± 14%) and for women (52 ± 13%; 54 ± 12%; 62 ± 15%). One minute of daily activity offers valuable insights into an individual's CRF and the effort demanded during PA. Fitter individuals can sustain higher PA intensity levels in absolute terms, whereas individuals with lower CRF utilize a greater fraction of their aerobic capacity. Consequently, heightened CRF not only allows for enhanced intensity levels but also safeguards against strenuous PA during daily routines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- UKK-Institute, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (P.H.); (H.S.); (T.V.)
| | - Pauliina Husu
- UKK-Institute, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (P.H.); (H.S.); (T.V.)
| | - Harri Sievänen
- UKK-Institute, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (P.H.); (H.S.); (T.V.)
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- UKK-Institute, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (P.H.); (H.S.); (T.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
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Gallagher KM, Howie EK, Carney M. Musculoskeletal pain latent classes and biopsychosocial characteristics among emerging adults. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:334. [PMID: 37118767 PMCID: PMC10142412 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06412-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging adults (aged 18-29) report high levels of musculoskeletal pain; however, it is unknown if body location and intensity patterns are related to different biopsychosocial characteristics. This study identified patterns of self-reported musculoskeletal pain among emerging adults and assessed if there were differences in their lifestyle and psychological characteristics. METHODS Data from survey responses from a large public university and a large medical university in the United States were used (n = 1,318). Self-reported pain location and intensity at five body regions were assessed, and latent class analysis identified classes separately for men and women. Mental health, physical activity, and sleep outcomes were compared between the classes. RESULTS Four classes were identified for men and women. Three of the classes were consistent between genders - "no pain," (women = 28% of their sample; men = 40% of their sample) "mild multisite pain," (women = 50%; men = 39%) and "moderate-severe multisite pain" (women = 9%; men = 7%). The fourth class for women was "moderate spine pain," (13%) and for men was "mild extremity pain" (13%). For both men and women, the "moderate-severe multisite" pain classes reported the highest levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, poorer sleep, and higher work physical activity than the "no pain" class. The "mild multisite" and "moderate spine" (women only) pain classes fell between the "no pain" and "moderate-severe" pain classes. The characteristics of the "mild upper extremity pain" class for men was similar to the "no pain" class. CONCLUSIONS The identified classes provide unique information on pain location and intensity in emerging adults. The high prevalence of "mild multisite pain" (n = 593; 45% of the total sample) demonstrates an intervention opportunity during this age range to prevent further increases in musculoskeletal pain later in life. Future work should assess the longitudinal outcomes of these pain classes, the impact of interventions for this age group, and the balance between leisure and occupational physical activity when addressing musculoskeletal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin M Gallagher
- Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
| | - Erin K Howie
- Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Makayla Carney
- Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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St. Laurent CW, Rasmussen CL, Holmes JF, Cremone-Caira A, Kurdziel LBF, Desrochers PC, Spencer RMC. Associations of activity, sedentary, and sleep behaviors with cognitive and social-emotional health in early childhood. JOURNAL OF ACTIVITY, SEDENTARY AND SLEEP BEHAVIORS 2023; 2:7. [PMID: 38798902 PMCID: PMC11116218 DOI: 10.1186/s44167-023-00016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Background Early childhood is important for cognitive and social-emotional development, and a time in which to promote healthy movement behaviors (sedentary behavior, physical activity, and sleep). Movement behaviors may have interactive influences on cognition and social-emotional factors in young children, but most previous research has explored them independently. The purpose of this study was to determine if movement behaviors are associated with measures of cognitive and social-emotional health in young children and if so, to describe optimal compositions of movement behaviors of a daily cycle for such outcomes. Methods Children (n = 388, 33 to 70 months, 44.6% female) from a clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03285880, first posted September 18, 2017) wore accelerometers on their wrists for 24-h for 9.56 ± 3.3 days. Movement behavior compositions consisted of time spent in sedentary behaviors, light intensity physical activity, moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA), and sleep. Outcomes were cognitive (receptive vocabulary, declarative and procedural memory, and executive attention) and social-emotional measures (temperament and behavioral problems). Compositional linear regression models with isometric log ratios were used to investigate the relations between the movement behavior composition and the cognitive and social-emotional health measures. If a significant association was found between the composition and an outcome, we further explored the "optimal" 24-h time-use for said outcome. Results Movement behavior compositions were associated with receptive vocabulary. The composition associated with the predicted top five percent of vocabulary scores consisted of 12.1 h of sleep, 4.7 h of sedentary time, 5.6 h of light physical activity, and 1.7 h of MVPA. Conclusions While behavior compositions are related to vocabulary ability in early childhood, our findings align with the inconclusiveness of the current evidence regarding other developmental outcomes. Future research exploring activities within these four movement behaviors, that are meaningful to cognitive and social-emotional development, may be warranted. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s44167-023-00016-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine W. St. Laurent
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 135 Hicks Way, Tobin Hall, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - Charlotte Lund Rasmussen
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jennifer F. Holmes
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 135 Hicks Way, Tobin Hall, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | | | | | - Phillip C. Desrochers
- Sensing, Perception, and Applied Robotics Division, Charles River Analytics, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Rebecca M. C. Spencer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 135 Hicks Way, Tobin Hall, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA USA
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Overbye M, Wagner U. Momentum lost or creating new constellations? Insights from an exercise-at-work project during the COVID-19 pandemic - a mixed methods approach. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW FOR THE SOCIOLOGY OF SPORT 2023; 58:278-307. [PMID: 38603367 PMCID: PMC9198563 DOI: 10.1177/10126902221101154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Exercise-at-work programmes have been identified as venues to decrease inequalities in physical activity and exercise between socioeconomic groups and to improve employees' health and wellbeing. Drawing on a multiple institutional logics perspective and adopting a mixed-methods approach, this paper investigates how employees, exercise-ambassadors and managers at five Danish workplaces experience Covid-19 induced changes to a 1-year exercise-at-work project, and how these changes impacted upon the workplace. Our results suggest that Covid-19 and the altered format of exercise and delivery polarized employees' opportunities for exercise at work. However, the generally positive experiences of exercise-at-work activities and their influence on social environment and collaboration (identified prior to Covid-19 lockdown) remained among those employees who continued with activities. Self-organized adaptions and models of employee exercise which emerged suggest that community logic endured despite the crisis. We show how Covid-19 induced organizational changes led to interplays between institutional logics, with family and state logics becoming more prominent. Specifically, the exercise-at-work programme changed from an aligned model, with complementary logics and minimal conflict, to a model where logics of profession and corporation became dominant at the expense of community logic (exercise-ambassadors activities), but constrained by a state and a family logic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Overbye
- Marie Overbye, Faculty of Health Sciences
and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.
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Fernström M, Heiland EG, Kjellenberg K, Ponten M, Tarassova O, Nyberg G, Helgadottir B, Ekblom MM, Ekblom Ö. Effects of prolonged sitting and physical activity breaks on measures of arterial stiffness and cortisol in adolescents. Acta Paediatr 2023; 112:1011-1018. [PMID: 36740937 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM In adults, prolonged periods of sitting have been linked to acute negative effects on vascular structure and function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of physical activity (PA) breaks during prolonged sitting on arterial stiffness, cortisol and psychological factors in adolescents. METHODS Adolescents underwent different short (3-min) breaks starting every 20 min, during 80 min of sitting on three separate days. Breaks were (A) social seated breaks (SOC), (B) low-intensity simple resistance activity PA breaks (SRA) and (C) moderate-intensity step-up PA breaks (STEP). The arterial stiffness measures were augmentation index (AIx), AIx@75 and pulse wave velocity (PWV). Cortisol was measured from saliva. Psychological factors were self-reported. RESULTS Eleven girls and six boys (average age 13.6 ± 0.7 years) participated, with average baseline heart rates of 72 ± 11 bpm, systolic/diastolic blood pressure 111 ± 7/64 ± 6 mmHg and cortisol 10.9 ± 5.8 nmoL/L. PWV, cortisol and psychological factors did not change after any of the conditions. AIx@75 increased significantly (4.9 ± 8.7-9.2 ± 13.2) after the STEP intervention compared with SOC and SRA (time × condition p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Arterial stiffness increased after prolonged sitting with frequent, short step-up activity breaks. The results indicate potential important intensity-dependent effects of physical activity on vascular regulation in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernström
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emerald G Heiland
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Kjellenberg
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marjan Ponten
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition, and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Tarassova
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition, and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gisela Nyberg
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björg Helgadottir
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria M Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Örjan Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Arca M, Durmaz ED, Türken A. Comparison of physical activity, fatigue, and dynamic balance levels of health workers according to their working positions. Work 2023; 76:1105-1111. [PMID: 37125601 DOI: 10.3233/wor-220360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have evaluated physical activity and fatigue. However, a causal relationship between physical activity, fatigue and balance in healthcare workers has not been established. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the activity levels, fatigue, and dynamic balance of health workers who work actively or in a desk job in many different units in the hospital. METHODS 72 Health workers from two different groups participated in the study, 37 were active workers (AW), and 35 were desk workers (DW) at the Diyarbakir Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital. Participants were given a Sociodemographic Information Form, an International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and a 30-s Chair Stand Test (30-s CST) with a Modified Borg Scale (MBS) before starting work in the morning and at the end of work. RESULTS 69.4% of the study participants were female, and 54.2% were between 20 and 30 years old. It was found that the values of moderate physical activity, walking, and total physical activity were significantly higher in active workers than desk workers (p = 0.000). There was no statistically significant difference between the means of work start and after work fatigue of both groups (p > 0.05). A statistically significant difference was found when the starting and finishing work values of the dynamic balance tests of the groups were compared (p = 0.006). CONCLUSION It was found that the level of physical activity and dynamic balance of individuals working at desk jobs was significantly lower than that of the active group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Arca
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Diyarbakır Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Elif Dilara Durmaz
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Diyarbakır Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Askeri Türken
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Diyarbakır Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Diyarbakır, Turkey
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Lohne FK, Fimland MS, Holtermann A, Mathiassen SE, Fischer H, Gellein TM, Redzovic S. Can home care work be organized to promote musculoskeletal health for workers? Study protocol for the Norwegian GoldiCare cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:1490. [PMID: 36476502 PMCID: PMC9727949 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08916-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Home care workers perform physically strenuous tasks, in particular when handling patients with high care demands. Thus, musculoskeletal pain and sick leave is greater in this group than in the general population. To ease these issues, we will implement a Goldilocks Work intervention (GoldiCare), redistributing schedules between workers to achieve a "just right" weekly structure of physical work that can promote health. This protocol paper describes the content, design, implementation and evaluation of the cluster randomized controlled trial of the GoldiCare intervention in home care. METHODS The cluster randomized controlled trial is a 16-week workplace organizational intervention implemented through operations managers at the home care units. The operations managers will be introduced to the Goldilocks Work Principle and a GoldiCare tool, to assist the operations managers when composing a "just right" distribution of work schedules throughout the week. The GoldiCare tool provides an overview of the physical strain for each shift, based on the number of patients and their need for care. We expect to include 11 units, which will be randomized to either intervention or control at a 1:1 ratio. Home care workers assigned to the control group will continue to work as normal during the intervention period. Musculoskeletal pain in neck/shoulder and lower back will be the primary outcomes and we will also evaluate the composition of physical behaviors as well as fatigue after work as secondary outcomes. We will collect data using (1) daily questions regarding musculoskeletal pain and fatigue after work, (2) 7 days of objective measurements of physical behavior, (3) questionnaires about the participant's characteristics, health, and workplace psychosocial stressors and (4) information on the implementation of the GoldiCare tool. In addition, a process evaluation will be conducted using focus group discussions and individual interviews. DISCUSSION Due to the increasing aging population in need of care, measures that can improve the health of home care workers are paramount for the sustainability of this sector. This organizational intervention is based on information available nation-wide, and therefore has the potential to be scaled to all municipalities in Norway if proven effective. TRIAL REGISTRATION This clinical trial was registered on 08/05/2022 under NCT05487027 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Klæboe Lohne
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marius Steiro Fimland
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway ,grid.512436.7Unicare Helsefort Rehabilitation Centre, Rissa, Norway
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- grid.418079.30000 0000 9531 3915National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lerso Parkalle 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Svend Erik Mathiassen
- grid.69292.360000 0001 1017 0589Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, University of Gävle, 80176 Gävle, Sweden
| | - Heike Fischer
- Trondheim municipality, Bergheim home care service, Postboks 2300 Torgarden, 7004 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trine Minde Gellein
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Skender Redzovic
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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FARRAHI VAHID, ROSTAMI MEHRDAD, DUMUID DOT, CHASTIN SEBASTIENFM, NIEMELÄ MAISA, KORPELAINEN RAIJA, JÄMSÄ TIMO, OUSSALAH MOURAD. Joint Profiles of Sedentary Time and Physical Activity in Adults and Their Associations with Cardiometabolic Health. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:2118-2128. [PMID: 35881930 PMCID: PMC9671590 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to identify and characterize joint profiles of sedentary time and physical activity among adults and to investigate how these profiles are associated with markers of cardiometabolic health. METHODS The participants included 3702 of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 at age 46 yr, who wore a hip-worn accelerometer during waking hours and provided seven consecutive days of valid data. Sedentary time, light-intensity physical activity, and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity on each valid day were obtained, and a data-driven clustering approach ("KmL3D") was used to characterize distinct joint profiles of sedentary time and physical activity intensities. Participants self-reported their sleep duration and performed a submaximal step test with continuous heart rate measurement to estimate their cardiorespiratory fitness (peak heart rate). Linear regression was used to determine the association between joint profiles of sedentary time and physical activities with cardiometabolic health markers, including adiposity markers and blood lipid, glucose, and insulin levels. RESULTS Four distinct groups were identified: "active couch potatoes" ( n = 1173), "sedentary light movers" ( n = 1199), "sedentary exercisers" ( n = 694), and "movers" ( n = 636). Although sufficiently active, active couch potatoes had the highest daily sedentary time (>10 h) and lowest light-intensity physical activity. Compared with active couch potatoes, sedentary light movers, sedentary exercisers, and movers spent less time in sedentary by performing more physical activity at light-intensity upward and had favorable differences in their cardiometabolic health markers after accounting for potential confounders (1.1%-25.0% lower values depending on the health marker and profile). CONCLUSIONS After accounting for sleep duration and cardiorespiratory fitness, waking activity profiles characterized by performing more physical activity at light-intensity upward, resulting in less time spent in sedentary, were associated with better cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- VAHID FARRAHI
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, FINLAND
- Centre of Machine Vision and Signal Analysis, Faculty of Information Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, FINLAND
| | - MEHRDAD ROSTAMI
- Centre of Machine Vision and Signal Analysis, Faculty of Information Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, FINLAND
| | - DOT DUMUID
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, AUSTRALIA
| | - SEBASTIEN F. M. CHASTIN
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UNITED KINGDOM
- Department of Movement and Sports Science, Ghent University, Ghent, BELGIUM
| | - MAISA NIEMELÄ
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, FINLAND
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, FINLAND
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr., FINLAND
| | - RAIJA KORPELAINEN
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, FINLAND
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr., FINLAND
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, FINLAND
| | - TIMO JÄMSÄ
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, FINLAND
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, FINLAND
| | - MOURAD OUSSALAH
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, FINLAND
- Centre of Machine Vision and Signal Analysis, Faculty of Information Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, FINLAND
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Luo M, Gupta N, Holtermann A, Stamatakis E, Ding D. Revisiting the 'physical activity paradox' in a Chinese context: Occupational physical activity and mortality in 142,302 urban working adults from the China Kadoorie Biobank study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2022; 23:100457. [PMID: 35602414 PMCID: PMC9120052 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research suggests that while leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is beneficial, occupational physical activity (OPA) may be detrimental to health, known as the 'physical activity paradox'. However, the current evidence is primarily based on data from Western countries. We examined the association of OPA with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in working adults in urban China. METHODS This prospective longitudinal study was based on a sample of 142,302 urban working adults aged 30-79 years from the China Kadoorie Biobank study. Self-reported OPA (mainly sedentary, standing occupation, and manual work) was collected at baseline (year 2004-2008) and linked to death registries until 31st December 2016. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the relationship between OPA and mortality outcomes, with further tests for effect modification by sex, educational attainment and LTPA. FINDINGS During a median follow-up of 10·2 years, 4,077 deaths occurred, of which cardiovascular disease was the primary cause for 727 deaths. Crude modelling showed that compared with the sedentary workers, manual work was associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality. However, after adjusting for socio-demographic and lifestyle variables, the association was attenuated to null (HR=1·00, 95%CI: 0·93-1·08). In subgroup analysis, higher OPA was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality in the least educated group (HR=0·84, 95%CI: 0·75-0·95 for manual work, and HR=0·86, 95%CI: 0·75-0·99 for standing occupation), but harmful in the most educated group (HR=1·17, 95%CI: 1·01-1·36) and in those who reported regular LTPA (HR=1·20, 95%CI: 1·01-1·43). INTERPRETATION OPA was not associated with mortality risk in the overall sample. However, findings support the 'physical activity paradox' within better educated Chinese workers. FUNDING None.
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Key Words
- BMI, Body mass index
- CI, Confidence interval
- CNY, Chinese Yuan
- CVD, Cardiocascular disease
- China
- DSP, Disease Surveillance Points
- Epidemiology
- HR, Hazard ratio
- ICD, International Statistical Classification of Diseases
- IQR, Interquartile range
- LMIC
- LMICs, Low-to-middle income countries
- LTPA, Leisure-time physical activity
- Low and middle income countries
- Mortality
- OPA, Occupational physical activity
- Physical activity
- SGPALS, Saltin-Grimby Physical Activity Level Scale
- UK, United Kingdom
- USD, United States Dollars
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Luo
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ding Ding
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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