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Salimi M, Khanzadeh M, Nabipoorashrafi SA, Seyedi SA, Yaghoobpoor S, Brismée JM, Lucke-Wold B, Ebadi M, Ghaedi A, Kumar VS, Mirghaderi P, Rabie H, Khanzadeh S. Association of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio with bone mineral density in post-menopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:169. [PMID: 38461235 PMCID: PMC10924380 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-03006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) levels between women with post-menopausal osteopenia or osteoporosis to those with normal bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS We used Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus to conduct a systematic search for relevant publications published before June 19, 2022, only in English language. We reported standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Because a significant level of heterogeneity was found, we used the random-effects model to calculate pooled effects. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for quality assessment. RESULTS Overall, eight articles were included in the analysis. Post-menopausal women with osteoporosis had elevated levels of NLR compared to those without osteoporosis (SMD = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.18 to 1.88, p = 0.017, I2 = 98%). In addition, there was no difference between post-menopausal women with osteopenia and those without osteopenia in neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) levels (SMD = 0.58, 95% CI=-0.08 to 1.25, p = 0.085, I2 = 96.8%). However, there was no difference between post-menopausal women with osteoporosis and those with osteopenia in NLR levels (SMD = 0.75, 95% CI=-0.01 to 1.51, p = 0.05, I2 = 97.5%, random-effect model). CONCLUSION The results of this study point to NLR as a potential biomarker that may be easily introduced into clinical settings to help predict and prevent post-menopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Salimi
- Bone and Joint Diseases Research Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Monireh Khanzadeh
- Geriatric & Gerontology Department, Medical School, Tehran University of medical and health sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Nabipoorashrafi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), School of Medicine, Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Arsalan Seyedi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), School of Medicine, Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Yaghoobpoor
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jean-Michel Brismée
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | - Mehrnoosh Ebadi
- Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Arshin Ghaedi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Varun Singh Kumar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Peyman Mirghaderi
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Rabie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Peng C, Yang Q, Kong X, Sun Z, Wang L, Xiao L. Association of lymphocyte subsets and cytokines with bone metabolism: a retrospective, cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:43. [PMID: 38195444 PMCID: PMC10775480 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-07137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has shown that lymphocytes and cytokines can mediate bone metabolism. This study explored the clinical association and predictive ability of lymphocytes and cytokines levels for bone metabolism. METHODS A total of 162 patients were enrolled in this study. The levels of N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (P1NP), β-collagen degradation product (β-CTX), total T lymphocytes, immature T lymphocytes, suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes, helper/inducer T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IFN-α, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL12p70 were evaluated. The relationship between these lymphocyte subsets and cytokines with bone metabolic status was examined and their predictive ability for bone metabolic status was assessed. RESULTS The principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis results varied on differences in lymphocyte subsets and cytokines in various bone metabolism states. Differential analysis revealed significant differences in the absolute counts of B lymphocytes (P < 0.05), level of IL-12p70 (P < 0.05), and IL-8 (P < 0.001) at different P1NP levels. Significant differences were observed in the absolute counts of total T lymphocytes (P < 0.05), B lymphocytes (P < 0.05), the level of IL-6 (P < 0.05), the percentage of B lymphocytes (P < 0.01), and NK cells (P < 0.05) at different β-CTX levels. Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the absolute count of B lymphocytes and levels of IL-12p70 and IL-8 could be used to evaluate bone formation states, while the absolute counts of T and B lymphocytes, level of IL-6, and percentages of NK cells and B lymphocytes could be used to evaluate bone resorption states. CONCLUSION The bone metabolism status changed based on the lymphocyte subsets and cytokine levels. Differentially expressed lymphocytes and cytokines could be used to distinguish bone metabolism status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Peng
- Institute of Respiratory and Critical Medicine/Beijing Key Laboratory of OTIR, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 17# Heishanhu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Department of General Medicine and Geriatrics, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Xiangrui Kong
- Institute of Respiratory and Critical Medicine/Beijing Key Laboratory of OTIR, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 17# Heishanhu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Zhengzhong Sun
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 17# Heishanhu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Li Xiao
- Institute of Respiratory and Critical Medicine/Beijing Key Laboratory of OTIR, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 17# Heishanhu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China.
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3
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Jiang T, Xia T, Qiao F, Wang N, Jiang Y, Xin H. Role and Regulation of Transcription Factors in Osteoclastogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16175. [PMID: 38003376 PMCID: PMC10671247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bones serve mechanical and defensive functions, as well as regulating the balance of calcium ions and housing bone marrow.. The qualities of bones do not remain constant. Instead, they fluctuate throughout life, with functions increasing in some situations while deteriorating in others. The synchronization of osteoblast-mediated bone formation and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption is critical for maintaining bone mass and microstructure integrity in a steady state. This equilibrium, however, can be disrupted by a variety of bone pathologies. Excessive osteoclast differentiation can result in osteoporosis, Paget's disease, osteolytic bone metastases, and rheumatoid arthritis, all of which can adversely affect people's health. Osteoclast differentiation is regulated by transcription factors NFATc1, MITF, C/EBPα, PU.1, NF-κB, and c-Fos. The transcriptional activity of osteoclasts is largely influenced by developmental and environmental signals with the involvement of co-factors, RNAs, epigenetics, systemic factors, and the microenvironment. In this paper, we review these themes in regard to transcriptional regulation in osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; (T.J.); (T.X.); (F.Q.)
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Tianshuang Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; (T.J.); (T.X.); (F.Q.)
| | - Fangliang Qiao
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; (T.J.); (T.X.); (F.Q.)
| | - Nani Wang
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310007, China;
| | - Yiping Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; (T.J.); (T.X.); (F.Q.)
| | - Hailiang Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; (T.J.); (T.X.); (F.Q.)
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
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Curini L, Alushi B, Christopher MR, Baldi S, Di Gloria L, Stefano P, Laganà A, Iannone L, Grubitzsch H, Landmesser U, Ramazzotti M, Niccolai E, Lauten A, Amedei A. The first taxonomic and functional characterization of human CAVD-associated microbiota. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2023; 10:36-48. [PMID: 36789351 PMCID: PMC9896411 DOI: 10.15698/mic2023.02.791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most common heart valve disorder, defined by a remodeling multistep process: namely, valve fibrosis with its area narrowing, impaired blood flow, and final calcification phase. Nowadays, the only treatment is the surgical valve replacement. As for other cardiovascular diseases, growing evidence suggest an active role of the immune system in the calcification process that could be modulated by the microbiota. To address this point, we aimed to investigate and characterize, for the first time, the presence of a valve microbiota and associated immune response in human CAVD. Method Calcified aortic valve (CAV) samples from twenty patients (11 from Germany and 9 from Italy) with diagnosis of severe symptomatic CAVD were used to assess the presence of infiltrating T cells, by cloning approach, and to characterize the valve microbiota, by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (NGS). Results We documented the presence of infiltrating T lymphocytes, especially the T helper subset, in CAV samples. Moreover, we found a tissue-associated microbiota in freshly collected CAV samples, which was significantly different in Italian and German patients, suggesting potential correlation with other cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusion The presence of microbiota in inflamed CAV samples represents the right trigger point to explain the valve calcification process, encouraging further studies to explore the potential link between bacteria and adaptive immune response and to define the critical role of local microbiota-immunity axis on CAVD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Curini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Brunilda Alushi
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK); Department of Interventional Cardiology, Klinik Vincentinum Augsburg, Germany
| | - Mary Roxana Christopher
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)
| | - Simone Baldi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Leandro Di Gloria
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Anna Laganà
- Cardiac Surgery, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Luisa Iannone
- Cardiac Surgery, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Herko Grubitzsch
- Berlin Institute of Health; Department of Cardiology, German Heart Centre Berlin (DHZB)
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK); Berlin Institute of Health
| | - Matteo Ramazzotti
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Niccolai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Alexander Lauten
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK); Department of Interventional Cardiology, Klinik Vincentinum Augsburg, Germany
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy.
,SOD of Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), 50139 Florence, Italy.
,* Corresponding Author: Amedeo Amedei, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; E-mail:
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Peng C, Guo Z, Zhao Y, Li R, Wang L, Gong W. Effect of Lymphocyte Subsets on Bone Density in Senile Osteoporosis: A Retrospective Study. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:3337622. [PMID: 36339939 PMCID: PMC9629916 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3337622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have shown that lymphocyte subsets can mediate the occurrence of osteoporosis (OP); however, the predictive ability of lymphocyte subsets in senile OP has not been elucidated. Purpose To investigate the ability of lymphocyte subsets to predict senile osteoporosis (OP). Methods and Materials This study included 44 patients with senile OP and 44 without OP. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to determine bone mineral density (BMD). Flow cytometry was used to analyze the absolute counts of the lymphocyte subsets and cytokine levels. Finally, the correlation between BMD and lymphocyte subset counts in the two groups was analyzed. Results There were no significant differences in age, sex, or weight between the OP and non-OP groups. The absolute counts of total T lymphocytes and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the OP group were significantly lower than those in the non-OP group. The levels of IFN-γ or TNF-α in the OP group were significantly higher or lower, respectively, than those in the non-OP group. PCA showed that age, BMI, total T lymphocytes, CD4+ T lymphocytes, CD8+ T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes were the principal components of senile OP. The linear regression equation showed that BMD of the right femoral neck significantly decreased with a decline in CD8+ T lymphocyte counts. Conclusion BMD decreased with a decrease in CD8+ T lymphocytes. The mechanism by which lower lymphocyte subsets lead to lower BMD may be related to abnormal bone metabolism caused by immune aging. Therefore, we considered that CD8+ T lymphocytes could be used to predict the incidence of senile OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Peng
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
- Department of Geriatrics, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000 Hebei, China
| | - Zongwei Guo
- Institute of Respiratory and Critical Medicine/Beijing Key Laboratory of OTIR, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Academy of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Rui Li
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000 Hebei, China
- Institute of Respiratory and Critical Medicine/Beijing Key Laboratory of OTIR, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Wenping Gong
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
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6
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Roser‐Page S, Weiss D, Vikulina T, Yu M, Pacifici R, Weitzmann MN. cAMP‐Dependent Phosphodiesterase Inhibition Promotes Bone Anabolism Through CD8
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T‐cell Wnt‐10b Production in Mice. JBMR Plus 2022; 6:e10636. [PMID: 35866149 PMCID: PMC9289889 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Roser‐Page
- Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Decatur Georgia USA
| | - Daiana Weiss
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA
| | - Tatyana Vikulina
- Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Decatur Georgia USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA
| | - Mingcan Yu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA
| | - Roberto Pacifici
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA
| | - M. Neale Weitzmann
- Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Decatur Georgia USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA
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7
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Liu JC, Liu SH, Fu G, Qiu XR, Jiang RD, Huang SY, Zhu YL, Li WZ. Blood Immune Cell Composition Associated with Obesity and Drug Repositioning Revealed by Epigenetic and Transcriptomic Conjoint Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:714643. [PMID: 34712134 PMCID: PMC8546369 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.714643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This research was designed to analyze the composition of immune cells in obesity and identify novel and potent drugs for obesity management by epigenetic and transcriptomic conjoint analysis. DNA methylation data set (GSE166611) and mRNA expression microarray (GSE18897) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. A total of 72 objects (35 obese samples and 37 controls) were included in the study. Immune cell composition analysis, drug repositioning, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed using CIBERSORT, connectivity map (CMap), and GSEA tools. Besides, we performed a single-cell RNA-seq of the immune cells from whole blood samples obtained from one obese patient and one healthy control. mRNA levels of drug target genes were analyzed by qPCR assay in blood samples from six patients and six healthy controls. Immune cell composition analysis found that CD8 + T cells and NK cells were significantly lower in the obese group. 11 drugs/compounds are considered to possess obesity-control potential, such as atorvastatin. Moreover, the expression of drug targets (STAT3, MCL1, PMAIP1, SOD2, FOX O 3, FOS, FKBP5) in obese patients were higher than those in controls. In conclusion, immune cells are potential therapeutic targets for obesity. Our results also contribute to accelerate research on drug development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Chen Liu
- Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sheng-Hua Liu
- Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guang Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiao-Rui Qiu
- Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Run-Dong Jiang
- Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sheng-Yuan Huang
- Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong-Li Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei-Zheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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8
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Wang X, Chen X, Lu L, Yu X. Alcoholism and Osteoimmunology. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1815-1828. [PMID: 32334496 DOI: 10.2174/1567201816666190514101303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic consumption of alcohol has an adverse effect on the skeletal system, which may lead to osteoporosis, delayed fracture healing and osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Currently, the treatment is limited, therefore, there is an urgent need to determine the underline mechanism and develop a new treatment. It is well-known that normal bone remodeling relies on the balance between osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and - mediated bone formation. Various factors can destroy the balance, including the dysfunction of the immune system. In this review, we summarized the relevant research in the alcoholic osteopenia with a focus on the abnormal osteoimmunology signals. We provided a new theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of the alcoholic bone. METHODS We searched PubMed for publications from 1 January 1980 to 1 February 2020 to identify relevant and recent literature, summarizing evaluation and the prospect of alcoholic osteopenia. Detailed search terms were 'alcohol', 'alcoholic osteoporosis', 'alcoholic osteopenia' 'immune', 'osteoimmunology', 'bone remodeling', 'osteoporosis treatment' and 'osteoporosis therapy'. RESULTS A total of 135 papers are included in the review. About 60 papers described the mechanisms of alcohol involved in bone remodeling. Some papers were focused on the pathogenesis of alcohol on bone through osteoimmune mechanisms. CONCLUSION There is a complex network of signals between alcohol and bone remodeling and intercellular communication of osteoimmune may be a potential mechanism for alcoholic bone. Studying the osteoimmune mechanism is critical for drug development specific to the alcoholic bone disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Wang
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lingyun Lu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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9
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Lehmann J, Thiele S, Baschant U, Rachner TD, Niehrs C, Hofbauer LC, Rauner M. Mice lacking DKK1 in T cells exhibit high bone mass and are protected from estrogen-deficiency-induced bone loss. iScience 2021; 24:102224. [PMID: 33748710 PMCID: PMC7961106 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is a negative regulator of bone formation and bone mass and is dysregulated in various bone diseases. How DKK1 contributes to postmenopausal osteoporosis, however, remains poorly understood. Here, we show that mice lacking DKK1 in T cells are protected from ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Ovariectomy activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and increased their production of DKK1. Co-culture of activated T cells with osteoblasts inhibited Wnt signaling in osteoblasts, leading to impaired differentiation. Importantly, DKK1 expression in T cells also controlled physiological bone remodeling. T-cell-deficient Dkk1 knock-out mice had a higher bone mass with an increased bone formation rate and decreased numbers of osteoclasts compared with controls, a phenotype that was rescued by adoptive transfer of wild-type T cells. Thus, these findings highlight that T cells control bone remodeling in health and disease via their expression of DKK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Lehmann
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sylvia Thiele
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrike Baschant
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tilman D Rachner
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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10
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Hu B, Kong X, Li L, Dai F, Zhang Q, Shi R. Integrative Analyses of Genes Associated With Osteoporosis in CD16+ Monocyte. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:581878. [PMID: 33551990 PMCID: PMC7859337 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.581878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by decreased bone mineral density and abnormal bone quality. Monocytes can secret cytokines for bone resorption, resulting in bone mass loss. However, the mechanism by which monocytes subpopulations lead to osteoporosis remains unclear. The aim of this study was to identify genes associated with osteoporosis in monocytes subsets. METHODS Three microarray datasets including GSE7158 (transcription of low/high-peak bone mass), GSE101489 (transcription of CD16+/CD16- monocyte) and GSE93883 (miRNA expression profile of primary osteoporosis) were derived from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and analyzed with GEO2R tool to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional enrichment was analyzed using Metascape database and GSEA software. STRING was utilized for the Protein-Protein Interaction Network construct. The hub genes were screened out using the Cytoscape software. Related miRNAs were predicted in miRWalk, miRDB, and TargetScan databases. RESULTS Total 368 DEGs from GSE7158 were screened out, which were mostly enriched in signaling, positive regulation of biological process and immune system process. The hub genes were clustered into two modules by PPI network analysis. We identified 15 overlapping DGEs between GSE101489 and GSE7158 microarray datasets. Moreover, all of them were up-regulated genes in both datasets. Then, nine key genes were screened out from above 15 overlapping DEGs using Cytoscape software. It is a remarkable fact that the nine genes were all in one hub gene module of GSE7158. Additionally, 183 target miRNAs were predicted according to the above nine DEGs. After cross-verification with miRNA express profile dataset for osteoporosis (GSE93883), 12 DEmiRNAs were selected. Finally, a miRNA-mRNA network was constructed with the nine key genes and 12 miRNAs, which were involved in osteoporosis. CONCLUSION Our analysis results constructed a gene expression framework in monocyte subsets for osteoporosis. This approach could provide a novel insight into osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People’s Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangan Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People’s Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People’s Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, China
| | - Fang Dai
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Ruifeng Shi, ; Qiu Zhang,
| | - Ruifeng Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Ruifeng Shi, ; Qiu Zhang,
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11
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Kumar G, Roger PM. From Crosstalk between Immune and Bone Cells to Bone Erosion in Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5154. [PMID: 31627424 PMCID: PMC6834200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone infection and inflammation leads to the infiltration of immune cells at the site of infection, where they modulate the differentiation and function of osteoclasts and osteoblasts by the secretion of various cytokines and signal mediators. In recent years, there has been a tremendous effort to understand the cells involved in these interactions and the complex pathways of signal transduction and their ultimate effect on bone metabolism. These crosstalk mechanisms between the bone and immune system finally emerged, forming a new field of research called osteoimmunology. Diseases falling into the category of osteoimmunology, such as osteoporosis, periodontitis, and bone infections are considered to have a significant implication in mortality and morbidity of patients, along with affecting their quality of life. There is a much-needed research focus in this new field, as the reported data on the immunomodulation of immune cells and their signaling pathways seems to have promising therapeutic benefits for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar
- Unité 576, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 06200 Nice, France.
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Pierre-Marie Roger
- Unité 576, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 06200 Nice, France.
- Service d'Infectiologie, Hôpital Archet 1, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 06200 Nice, France.
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12
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Dar HY, Lone Y, Koiri RK, Mishra PK, Srivastava RK. Microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) induces bone loss and impairs bone micro-architecture by modulating host immunity in mice: Implications for bone health. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 238:792-802. [PMID: 29626823 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis or enhanced bone loss is one of the most commonly occurring bone conditions in the world, responsible for higher incidence of fractures leading to increased morbidity and mortality in adults. Bone loss is affected by various environmental factors including diet, age, drugs, toxins etc. Microcystins are toxins produced by cyanobacteria with microcystin-LR being the most abundantly found around the world effecting both human and animal health. The present study demonstrates that MC-LR treatment induces bone loss and impairs both trabecular and cortical bone microarchitecture along with decreasing the mineral density and heterogeneity of bones in mice. This effect of MC-LR was found due to its immunomodulatory effects on the host immune system, wherein MC-LR skews both T cell (CD4+ and CD8+ T cells) and B cell populations in various lymphoid tissues. MC-LR further was found to significantly enhance the levels of osteoclastogenic cytokines (IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α) along with simultaneously decreasing the levels of anti-osteoclastogenic cytokines (IL-10 and IFN-γ). Taken together, our study for the first time establishes a direct link between MC-LR intake and enhanced bone loss thereby giving a strong impetus to the naïve field of "osteo-toxicology", to delineate the effects of various toxins (including cyanotoxins) on bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Y Dar
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP, 70003, India
| | - Yaqoob Lone
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP, 70003, India
| | - Raj Kumar Koiri
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP, 70003, India
| | - Pradyumna K Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, MP, 462001, India
| | - Rupesh K Srivastava
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP, 70003, India; Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India.
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13
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Brunetti G, Faienza MF, Colaianni G, Gigante I, Oranger A, Pignataro P, Ingravallo G, Di Benedetto A, Bortolotti S, Di Comite M, Storlino G, Lippo L, Ward-Kavanagh L, Mori G, Reseland JE, Passeri G, Schipani E, Tamada K, Ware CF, Colucci S, Grano M. Impairment of Bone Remodeling in LIGHT/TNFSF14-Deficient Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:704-719. [PMID: 29178458 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple cytokines produced by immune cells induce remodeling and aid in maintaining bone homeostasis through differentiation of bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Here, we investigate bone remodeling controlled by the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily cytokine LIGHT. LIGHT-deficient mice (Tnfsf14-/- ) exhibit spine deformity and reduced femoral cancellous bone mass associated with an increase in the osteoclast number and a slight decrease of osteoblasts compared with WT mice. The effect of LIGHT in bone cells can be direct or indirect, mediated by both the low expression of the anti-osteoclastogenic osteoprotegerin (OPG) in B and T cells and reduced levels of the pro-osteoblastogenic Wnt10b in CD8+ T cells in Tnfsf14-/- mice. LIGHT stimulation increases OPG levels in B, CD8+ T, and osteoblastic cells, as well as Wnt10b expression in CD8+ T cells. The high bone mass in Light and T- and B-cell-deficient mice (Rag- /Tnfsf14- ) supports the cooperative role of the immune system in bone homeostasis. These results implicate LIGHT as a potential target in bone disease. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomina Brunetti
- Department of Basic and Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Felicia Faienza
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Paediatric Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Graziana Colaianni
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Isabella Gigante
- Department of Basic and Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Oranger
- Department of Basic and Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Pignataro
- Department of Basic and Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ingravallo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Pathology Section, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Adriana Di Benedetto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Sara Bortolotti
- Department of Basic and Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Mariasevera Di Comite
- Department of Basic and Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Storlino
- Department of Basic and Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Luciana Lippo
- Department of Basic and Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Lindsay Ward-Kavanagh
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Giorgio Mori
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Janne E Reseland
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - Giovanni Passeri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ernestina Schipani
- Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Koji Tamada
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carl F Ware
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Silvia Colucci
- Department of Basic and Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Grano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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14
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Cardoso EM, Arosa FA. CD8 + T Cells in Chronic Periodontitis: Roles and Rules. Front Immunol 2017; 8:145. [PMID: 28270813 PMCID: PMC5318426 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elsa M Cardoso
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Faculty of Health Sciences (FCS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior , Covilhã , Portugal
| | - Fernando A Arosa
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Faculty of Health Sciences (FCS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior , Covilhã , Portugal
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15
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Collins FL, Schepper JD, Rios-Arce ND, Steury MD, Kang HJ, Mallin H, Schoenherr D, Camfield G, Chishti S, McCabe LR, Parameswaran N. Immunology of Gut-Bone Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1033:59-94. [PMID: 29101652 PMCID: PMC5749247 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-66653-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years a link between the gastrointestinal tract and bone health has started to gain significant attention. Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota has been linked to the pathology of a number of diseases which are associated with bone loss. In addition modulation of the intestinal microbiota with probiotic bacteria has revealed to have both beneficial local and systemic effects. In the present chapter, we discuss the intestinal and bone immune systems, explore how intestinal disease affects the immune system, and examine how these pathologic changes could adversely impact bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser L Collins
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Naiomy Deliz Rios-Arce
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Michael D Steury
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Ho Jun Kang
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Heather Mallin
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Daniel Schoenherr
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Glen Camfield
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Saima Chishti
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Laura R McCabe
- Department of Physiology and Department of Radiology, Biomedical Imaging Research Centre, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Narayanan Parameswaran
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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16
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Cytokine-mediated bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:263625. [PMID: 25295284 PMCID: PMC4176903 DOI: 10.1155/2014/263625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone homeostasis, which involves formation and resorption, is an important process for maintaining adequate bone mass in humans. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and bone loss, leading to joint destruction and deformity, and is a representative disease of disrupted bone homeostasis. The bone loss and joint destruction are mediated by immunological insults by proinflammatory cytokines and various immune cells. The connection between bone and immunity has been intensely studied and comprises the emerging field of osteoimmunology. Osteoimmunology is an interdisciplinary science investigating the interplay between the skeletal and the immune systems. The main contributors in osteoimmunology are the bone effector cells, such as osteoclasts or osteoblasts, and the immune cells, particularly lymphocytes and monocytes. Physiologically, osteoclasts originate from immune cells, and immune cells regulate osteoblasts and vice versa. Pathological conditions such as RA might affect these interactions, thereby altering bone homeostasis, resulting in the unfavorable outcome of bone destruction. In this review, we describe the osteoclastogenic roles of the proinflammatory cytokines and immune cells that are important in the pathophysiology of RA.
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17
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OX40L blockade is therapeutic in arthritis, despite promoting osteoclastogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:2289-94. [PMID: 24469824 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1321071111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An immune response is essential for protection against infection, but, in many individuals, aberrant responses against self tissues cause autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). How to diminish the autoimmune response while not augmenting infectious risk is a challenge. Modern targeted therapies such as anti-TNF or anti-CD20 antibodies ameliorate disease, but at the cost of some increase in infectious risk. Approaches that might specifically reduce autoimmunity and tissue damage without infectious risk would be important. Here we describe that TNF superfamily member OX40 ligand (OX40L; CD252), which is expressed predominantly on antigen-presenting cells, and its receptor OX40 (on activated T cells), are restricted to the inflamed joint in arthritis in mice with collagen-induced arthritis and humans with RA. Blockade of this pathway in arthritic mice reduced inflammation and restored tissue integrity predominantly by inhibiting inflammatory cytokine production by OX40L-expressing macrophages. Furthermore, we identify a previously unknown role for OX40L in steady-state bone homeostasis. This work shows that more targeted approaches may augment the "therapeutic window" and increase the benefit/risk in RA, and possibly other autoimmune diseases, and are thus worth testing in humans.
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18
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Buchwald ZS, Kiesel JR, Yang C, DiPaolo R, Novack DV, Aurora R. Osteoclast-induced Foxp3+ CD8 T-cells limit bone loss in mice. Bone 2013; 56:163-73. [PMID: 23756229 PMCID: PMC3966133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoimmunology is the crosstalk between the skeletal and immune systems. We have previously shown in vitro that osteoclasts (OC) crosspresent antigens to induce FoxP3 in CD8 T-cells (OC-iTc(REG)), which then suppress osteoclast activity. Here we assessed the ability of OC-iTc(REG) to limit bone resorption in vivo. Mice lacking CD8 T-cells lose more bone in response to RANKL (Tnfsf11) administration. Using adoptive transfer experiments we demonstrate that FoxP3(+) CD8 T-cells limit bone loss by RANKL administration. In ovariectomized mice, a murine model of postmenopausal osteoporosis, OC-iTc(REG) limited bone loss and increased bone density as assessed by serum markers, micro computed tomography (μCT) and histomorphometry. Indeed, OC-iTc(REG)-treated ovariectomized mice had decreased levels of effector T-cells in the bone marrow compared to untreated mice, and increased bone formation rates relative to bisphosphonate-treated mice. Our results provide the first in vivo evidence that OC-iTc(REG) have anti-resorptive activity and repress the immune system, thus extending the purview of osteoimmunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S. Buchwald
- Dept. of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, St. Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Kiesel
- Dept. of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, St. Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chang Yang
- Division of Bone and Mineral Disease, Department of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Richard DiPaolo
- Dept. of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, St. Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deborah V. Novack
- Division of Bone and Mineral Disease, Department of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rajeev Aurora
- Dept. of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, St. Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Corresponding Author: Rajeev Aurora, Ph.D., Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, 1100 S. Grand Blvd., DRC605, St. Louis, MO 63104, Voice: 314-977-8891, Fax: 314-977-8717,
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19
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Mori G, D'Amelio P, Faccio R, Brunetti G. The Interplay between the bone and the immune system. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:720504. [PMID: 23935650 PMCID: PMC3725924 DOI: 10.1155/2013/720504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the last two decades, numerous scientists have highlighted the interactions between bone and immune cells as well as their overlapping regulatory mechanisms. For example, osteoclasts, the bone-resorbing cells, are derived from the same myeloid precursor cells that give rise to macrophages and myeloid dendritic cells. On the other hand, osteoblasts, the bone-forming cells, regulate hematopoietic stem cell niches from which all blood and immune cells are derived. Furthermore, many of the soluble mediators of immune cells, including cytokines and growth factors, regulate the activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. This increased recognition of the complex interactions between the immune system and bone led to the development of the interdisciplinary osteoimmunology field. Research in this field has great potential to provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of several diseases affecting both the bone and immune systems, thus providing the molecular basis for novel therapeutic strategies. In these review, we reported the latest findings about the reciprocal regulation of bone and immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Mori
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Patrizia D'Amelio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Roberta Faccio
- Department of Orthopedics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Giacomina Brunetti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
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20
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Osteoclasts and CD8 T cells form a negative feedback loop that contributes to homeostasis of both the skeletal and immune systems. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:429373. [PMID: 23840242 PMCID: PMC3690642 DOI: 10.1155/2013/429373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There are a number of dynamic regulatory loops that maintain homeostasis of the immune and skeletal systems. In this review, we highlight a number of these regulatory interactions that contribute to maintaining homeostasis. In addition, we review data on a negative regulatory feedback loop between osteoclasts and CD8 T cells that contributes to homeostasis of both the skeletal and immune systems.
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21
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Effects of administration of hormone therapy or raloxifene on the immune system and on biochemical markers of bone remodeling. Menopause 2012; 19:319-27. [PMID: 22067277 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3182310a98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Over the last few years, conclusive evidence of the involvement of the immune system in the regulation of bone metabolism has been identified. Consequently, one question that should be formulated concerns the possible effects of antiresorptive therapies on the immune system. Therefore, the purpose of the present work was to evaluate both the functionality of the immune system and bone turnover in women receiving antiresorptive therapies, such as hormone therapy (HT; n = 33) and raloxifene (RLX; n = 66), acting through estrogen receptors. METHODS To that end, this study analyzed bone turnover markers in a population of postmenopausal women before and after beginning therapy and compared these with data of women not treated (NT; n = 102). In a subgroup of participants (NT = 33, RLX = 24, and HT = 26), we analyzed the effects of treatments on immune system parameters such as serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-1β; lymphocyte subpopulations; cell proliferation by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs); in vitro production of IL-1β by PBMCs; and the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, transforming growth factor β, and IL-4 genes by PBMCs. RESULTS The results showed that bone resorption was inhibited strongly in women in the RLX and HT groups when compared with women in the NT group. Interestingly, the administration of RLX inhibited the production of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibitor Dickkopf Homolog-1 (P < 0.05) and tended to increase the levels of the osteoclastogenesis inhibitor osteoprotegerin at month 6 (P = 0.059). With regard to the immune system, the different treatments did not markedly perturb the parameters analyzed, with the exception of the increase in serum IL-1β detected in the HT group at month 6 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The main conclusions of the present work were that HT or RLX do not disturb the immune system and that both treatments have a similar antiresorptive power.
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22
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Aguila HL, Mun SH, Kalinowski J, Adams DJ, Lorenzo JA, Lee SK. Osteoblast-specific overexpression of human interleukin-7 rescues the bone mass phenotype of interleukin-7-deficient female mice. J Bone Miner Res 2012; 27:1030-42. [PMID: 22258693 PMCID: PMC3361560 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-7 is a critical cytokine for lymphoid development and a direct inhibitor of in vitro osteoclastogenesis in murine bone marrow cultures. To explore the role of IL-7 in bone, we generated transgenic mouse lines bearing the 2.3-kb rat collagen 1α1 promoter driving the expression of human IL-7 specifically in osteoblasts. In addition, we crossed these mice with IL-7-deficient mice to determine if the alterations in lymphopoiesis, bone mass, and osteoclast formation observed in the IL-7 knockout (KO) mice could be rescued by osteoblast-specific overexpression of IL-7. Here, we show that mice overexpressing human IL-7 in the osteoblast lineage showed increased trabecular bone volume in vivo by µCT and decreased osteoclast formation in vitro. Furthermore, targeted overexpression of IL-7 in osteoblasts rescued the osteopenic bone phenotype and B-cell development of IL-7 KO mice but did not have an effect on T lymphopoiesis, which occurs in the periphery. The bone phenotypes in IL-7 KO mice and targeted IL-7-overexpressing mouse models were observed only in females. These results likely reflect both direct inhibitory effects of IL-7 on osteoclastogenesis in vivo and sex-specific differences in responses to IL-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector L. Aguila
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Se Hwan Mun
- UCONN Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Judith Kalinowski
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Douglas J. Adams
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Joseph A. Lorenzo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Sun-Kyeong Lee
- UCONN Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
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23
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Kular J, Tickner J, Chim SM, Xu J. An overview of the regulation of bone remodelling at the cellular level. Clin Biochem 2012; 45:863-73. [PMID: 22465238 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the current literature on the regulation of bone remodelling at the cellular level. DESIGN AND METHODS The cellular activities of the cells in the basic multicellular unit (BMU) were evaluated. RESULTS Bone remodelling requires an intimate cross-talk between osteoclasts and osteoblasts and is tightly coordinated by regulatory proteins that interact through complex autocrine/paracrine mechanisms. Osteocytes, bone lining cells, osteomacs, and vascular endothelial cells also regulate bone remodelling in the BMU via cell signalling networks of ligand-receptor complexes. In addition, through secreted and membrane-bound factors in the bone microenvironment, T and B lymphocytes mediate bone homeostasis in osteoimmunology. CONCLUSIONS Osteoporosis and other bone diseases occur because multicellular communication within the BMU is disrupted. Understanding the cellular and molecular basis of bone remodelling and the discovery of novel paracrine or coupling factors, such as RANKL, sclerostin, EGFL6 and semaphorin 4D, will lay the foundation for drug development against bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasreen Kular
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
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24
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Ma J, Li M, Hock J, Yu X. Hyperactivation of mTOR critically regulates abnormal osteoclastogenesis in neurofibromatosis Type 1. J Orthop Res 2012; 30:144-52. [PMID: 21748792 DOI: 10.1002/jor.21497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with nerofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) frequently suffer a spectrum of bone pathologies, such as abnormal skeletal development (scoliosis, congenital bowing, and congenital pseudoarthroses, etc), lower bone mineral density with increased fracture risk. These skeletal problems may result, in part, from abnormal osteoclastogenesis. Enhanced RAS/PI3K activity has been reported to contribute to abnormal osteoclastogenesis in Nf1 heterozygous (Nf1+/-) mice. However, the specific downstream pathways linked to NF1 abnormal osteoclastogenesis have not been defined. Our aim was to determine whether mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was a key effector responsible for abnormal osteoclastogenesis in NF1. Primary osteoclast-like cells (OCLs) were cultured from Nf1 wild-type (Nf1+/+) and Nf1+/- mice. Compared to Nf1+/+ controls, there were 20% more OCLs induced from Nf1+/- mice. Nf1+/- OCLs were larger and contained more nuclei. Hyperactive mTOR signaling was detected in Nf1+/- OCLs. Inhibition of mTOR signaling by rapamycin in Nf1+/- OCLs abrogated abnormalities in cellular size and number. Moreover, we found that hyperactive mTOR signaling induced abnormal osteoclastogenesis major through hyper-proliferation. Our research suggests that neurofibromin directly regulates osteoclastogenesis through mTOR signaling pathway. Inhibiting mTOR may represent a viable strategy to treat NF1 bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrong Ma
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Pacifici R. T cells: critical bone regulators in health and disease. Bone 2010; 47:461-71. [PMID: 20452473 PMCID: PMC2926258 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.04.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Revised: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis and hyperparathyroidism are to two common forms of bone loss caused primarily by an expansion of the osteoclastic pool only partially compensated by a stimulation of bone formation. The intimate mechanisms by which estrogen deficiency and excessive production of PTH cause bone loss remain to be determined in part because in vitro studies do not provide the means to adequately reproduce the effects of ovx and PTH overproduction observed in vivo. This article examines the connection between T cells and bone in health and disease and reviews the evidence in favor of the hypothesis that T cells play an unexpected critical role in the mechanism of action of estrogen and PTH in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Pacifici
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
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26
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Pacifici R. The immune system and bone. Arch Biochem Biophys 2010; 503:41-53. [PMID: 20599675 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Revised: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
T cells and B cells produce large amounts of cytokines which regulate bone resorption and bone formation. These factors play a critical role in the regulation of bone turnover in health and disease. In addition, immune cells of the bone marrow regulate bone homeostasis by cross-talking with bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblastic cells via cell surface molecules. These regulatory mechanisms are particularly relevant for postmenopausal osteoporosis and hyperparathyroidism, two common forms of bone loss caused primarily by an expansion of the osteoclastic pool only partially compensated by a stimulation of bone formation. This article describes the cytokines and immune factors that regulate bone cells, the immune cells relevant to bone, examines the connection between T cells and bone in health and disease, and reviews the evidence in favor of a link between T cells and the mechanism of action of estrogen and PTH in bone.
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Shanmugarajan S, Kawanabe N, Koide M, Tsuruga E, Arroyo JE, Key LL, Reddy SV. IL-12 stimulates the osteoclast inhibitory peptide-1 (OIP-1/hSca) gene expression in CD4+ T cells. J Cell Biochem 2009; 107:104-11. [PMID: 19259951 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Immune cell products such as interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-12 are potent inhibitors of osteoclast formation. We previously characterized the human osteoclast inhibitory peptide-1 (OIP-1/hSca), a Ly-6 gene family member and showed IFN-gamma modulation of OIP-1 expression in bone marrow cells. Whether, IL-12 regulates OIP-1 expression in the bone microenvironment is unclear. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that IL-12 treatment significantly enhanced OIP-1 mRNA expression in human bone marrow mononuclear cells. Because IL-12 induces IFN-gamma production by T cells, we tested whether IFN-gamma participates in IL-12 stimulation of OIP-1 gene expression in these cells. IL-12 treatment in the presence of IFN-gamma neutralizing antibody significantly increased OIP-1 mRNA expression, suggesting that IL-12 directly regulates OIP-1 gene expression. Interestingly, real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that IL-12 induces OIP-1 expression (3.2-fold) in CD4+ T cells; however, there was no significant change in CD8+ T cells. Also, IL-12 (10 ng/ml) treatment of Jurkat cells transfected with OIP-1 gene (-1 to -1,988 bp) promoter-luciferase reporter plasmid demonstrated a 5-fold and 2.7-fold increase in OIP-1 gene promoter activity in the presence and absence of antibody against IFN-gamma, respectively. We showed that STAT-1,3 inhibitors treatment significantly decreased IL-12 stimulated OIP-1 promoter activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay confirmed STAT-3, but not STAT-1 binding to the OIP-1 gene promoter in response to IL-12 stimulation. These results suggest that IL-12 stimulates the OIP-1 gene expression through STAT-3 activation in CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasan Shanmugarajan
- Charles P Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
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Di Rosa F. T-lymphocyte interaction with stromal, bone and hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow. Immunol Cell Biol 2008; 87:20-9. [PMID: 19030018 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2008.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mature T cells in the bone marrow (BM) are in constant exchange with the blood pool. Within the BM, T-cell recognition of antigen presented by dendritic cell (DC) can occur, nevertheless it is thought that BM T cells mostly receive non-antigenic signals by either stimulatory, for example, interleukin (IL)-7, IL-15, tumor necrosis factor family members, or inhibitory molecules, for example, transforming growth factor-beta. The net balance is in favor of T-cell proliferation. Indeed, the percentage of proliferating T cells is higher in the BM than in spleen and lymph nodes, both within CD4 and CD8 T cells. High numbers of memory T cells proliferate in the BM, as they preferentially home to the BM and have an increased turnover as compared with naive T cells. I propose here that the BM plays an essential role in maintaining normal peripheral T-lymphocyte numbers and antigen-specific memory for both CD4 and CD8 T cells. I also discuss BM T-cell contribution to the homeostasis of bone metabolism as well as of hematopoiesis. It emerges that BM T cells play unexpected roles in several diseases, for example AIDS and osteoporosis. A better knowledge on BM T cells has implications for currently used clinical interventions, for example, vaccination, BM transplantation, mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Di Rosa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy.
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Li Y, Toraldo G, Li A, Yang X, Zhang H, Qian WP, Weitzmann MN. B cells and T cells are critical for the preservation of bone homeostasis and attainment of peak bone mass in vivo. Blood 2007; 109:3839-48. [PMID: 17202317 PMCID: PMC1874582 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-07-037994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone homeostasis is regulated by a delicate balance between osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption. Osteoclastogenesis is controlled by the ratio of receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) relative to its decoy receptor, osteoprotegerin (OPG). The source of OPG has historically been attributed to osteoblasts (OBs). While activated lymphocytes play established roles in pathological bone destruction, no role for lymphocytes in basal bone homeostasis in vivo has been described. Using immunomagnetic isolation of bone marrow (BM) B cells and B-cell precursor populations and quantitation of their OPG production by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), cells of the B lineage were found to be responsible for 64% of total BM OPG production, with 45% derived from mature B cells. Consistently B-cell knockout (KO) mice were found to be osteoporotic and deficient in BM OPG, phenomena rescued by B-cell reconstitution. Furthermore, T cells, through CD40 ligand (CD40L) to CD40 costimulation, promote OPG production by B cells in vivo. Consequently, T-cell-deficient nude mice, CD40 KO mice, and CD40L KO mice display osteoporosis and diminished BM OPG production. Our data suggest that lymphocytes are essential stabilizers of basal bone turnover and critical regulators of peak bone mass in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism & Lipids, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Abstract
Osteoimmunology is an interdisciplinary research field combining the exciting fields of osteology and immunology. An observation that contributed enormously to the emergence of osteoimmunology was the accelerated bone loss caused by inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL), which is the main regulator of osteoclastogenesis, was found to be the primary culprit responsible for the enhanced activation of osteoclasts: activated T cells directly and indirectly increased the expression of RANKL, and thereby promoted osteoclastic activity. Excessive bone loss is not only present in inflammatory diseases but also in autoimmune diseases and cancer. Furthermore, there is accumulating evidence that the very prevalent skeletal disorder osteoporosis is associated with alterations in the immune system. Meanwhile, numerous connections have been discovered in osteoimmunology beyond merely the actions of RANKL. These include the importance of osteoblasts in the maintenance of the hematopoietic stem cell niche and in lymphocyte development as well as the functions of immune cells participating in osteoblast and osteoclast development. Furthermore, research is being done investigating cytokines, chemokines, transcription factors and co-stimulatory molecules which are shared by both systems. Research in osteoimmunology promises the discovery of new strategies and the development of innovative therapeutics to cure or alleviate bone loss in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases as well as in osteoporosis. This review gives an introduction to bone remodeling and the cells governing that process and summarizes the most recent discoveries in the interdisciplinary field of osteoimmunology. Furthermore, an alternative large animal model will be discussed and the pathophysiological alterations of the immune system in osteoporosis will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rauner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Aging Research, Vienna, Austria
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Lee SK, Kadono Y, Okada F, Jacquin C, Koczon-Jaremko B, Gronowicz G, Adams DJ, Aguila HL, Choi Y, Lorenzo JA. T lymphocyte-deficient mice lose trabecular bone mass with ovariectomy. J Bone Miner Res 2006; 21:1704-12. [PMID: 17002560 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.060726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We examined OVX-induced bone loss in three TLD mouse models. In TLD mice, OVX caused trabecular bone loss equivalent to that of WT. In contrast, cortical bone loss with OVX was variable. We conclude that T lymphocytes do not influence OVX-induced trabecular bone loss. INTRODUCTION We examined ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss in three T lymphocyte-deficient (TLD) mouse models: nude mice, recombination activating gene 2-deficient (RAG2 KO) mice, and T cell receptor alpha chain-deficient (TCRalpha KO) mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bone mass was examined by DXA, microCT, and histomorphometry. We also examined the effect of OVX on T lymphocytes in the bone marrow and spleens of wildtype (WT) mice and on in vitro osteoclastogenesis and colony forming unit-granulocyte macrophage (CFU-GM) activity in the bone marrow of WT and nude mice. RESULTS In WT mice, OVX did not alter T lymphocyte number in the bone marrow but did increase T lymphocytes in the spleen. Comparison of bone mass in nude, RAG2 KO, and TCRalpha KO mice with WT as measured by DXA showed decreased femoral bone mass in nude mice and increased vertebral bone mass in RAG2 KO mice. In TCRalpha KO mice, femoral, tibial, and vertebral bone mass were decreased. In vertebrae and long bones, bone loss with OVX was consistently present in WT mice but variably present in TLD mice as measured by DXA. In contrast, microCT and histomorphometry showed similar trabecular bone loss after OVX in all mice. However, femoral cortical bone loss occurred only in WT and RAG2 KO mice. OVX produced similar trabecular bone loss in WT and TCRalpha KO mice and also induced cortical bone loss in both. Histomorphometry showed that TRACP(+) area in bones was increased by OVX in femurs from both WT and nude mice as was in vitro osteoclast-like cell formation and CFU-GM activity. CONCLUSIONS These results show that OVX caused similar trabecular bone loss in both WT and TLD mice. The ability of DXA and measurement of cortical bone loss to show OVX-induced effects on bone mass was variable. It seems that T lymphocytes are not critical for OVX-induced trabecular bone loss in these mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Kyeong Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-5456, USA.
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Yu X, Milas J, Watanabe N, Rao N, Murthy S, Potter OL, Wenning MJ, Clapp WD, Hock JM. Neurofibromatosis type 1 gene haploinsufficiency reduces AP-1 gene expression without abrogating the anabolic effect of parathyroid hormone. Calcif Tissue Int 2006; 78:162-70. [PMID: 16525748 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-005-0201-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2005] [Accepted: 12/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 50% of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients exhibit skeletal pathology, such as premature osteoporosis or pseudoarthroses. Loss of neurofibromin deregulates Ras signal transduction to affect generation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt, both of which have been implicated in parathyroid hormone (PTH) anabolic mechanisms. Our aim was to determine if loss of neurofibromin impaired the anabolic effect of PTH on bone mass. Nf1 heterozygote (Nf1(+/-)) and wild type (Nf1(+/+)) mice were treated with recombinant human PTH(1-34) or vehicle once daily for 3-28 days. PTH enhanced mRNA expression of c-fos, junB, and fra2 in the distal femur metaphyses of both genotypes; expression of these transcripts was consistently lower in PTH-treated Nf1(+/-) mice. Despite lowered c-fos expression in Nf1(+/-) mice, PTH increased bone mass equivalently in both genotypes by 28 days. Ex vivo, Nf1 heterozygosity was associated with increased inducible osteoclasts in PTH-treated bone marrow cells and impairment of the actin stress fiber and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response to PTH in osteoprogenitors. Lower c-fos expression was previously thought to abrogate PTH responsiveness. Our results suggest crosstalk might occur between Ras signal transduction and the protein kinase A pathway in Nf1(+/-) mice. Ras signal transduction does not appear to be essential for the anabolic actions of PTH on bone. Because PTH was effective in the absence of Nf1, it may offer a useful approach to treat osteoporosis in NF1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Yu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Dai SM, Nishioka K, Yudoh K. Interleukin (IL) 18 stimulates osteoclast formation through synovial T cells in rheumatoid arthritis: comparison with IL1 beta and tumour necrosis factor alpha. Ann Rheum Dis 2004; 63:1379-86. [PMID: 15479886 PMCID: PMC1754791 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2003.018481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether IL18 has any indirect effects on osteoclastogenesis mediated by T cells in RA synovium, and compare its effects with those of IL1 beta and TNF alpha. METHODS Resting T cells were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy donors, and stimulated with 2 microg/ml phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and 0.5 ng/ml IL2 for 24 hours. Synovial T cells were isolated from RA synovial tissue. The levels of soluble receptor activator of the NF-kappa B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), IFN gamma, M-CSF, and GM-CSF were determined by ELISA. Membrane bound RANKL expression was analysed by flow cytometry. Commercially available human osteoclast precursors were cocultured with T cells to induce osteoclast formation, which was determined with tartrate resistant acid phosphatase staining and pit formation assay. RESULTS In PHA prestimulated T cells or RA synovial T cells, IL18, IL1 beta, or TNFalpha increased soluble RANKL production and membrane bound RANKL expression in a dose dependent manner. IL18, IL1 beta, and TNF alpha did not induce M-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN gamma, or OPG production in PHA prestimulated T cells or RA synovial T cells. IL18 increased the number of osteoclasts and bone resorption area on dentine slices in the coculture of human osteoclast precursors with PHA prestimulated T cells or RA synovial T cells; its ability was equivalent to that of IL1 beta, but less potent than that of TNF alpha. In the coculture system, OPG completely blocked osteoclast induction by IL18 or IL1 beta, and greatly inhibited induction by TNF alpha. CONCLUSION IL18, IL1 beta, or TNF alpha can indirectly stimulate osteoclast formation through up regulation of RANKL production from T cells in RA synovitis; IL18 is as effective as IL1 beta, but less potent than TNF alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-M Dai
- Department of Bioregulation, Institute of Medical Science, St Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8512, Japan
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Toraldo G, Roggia C, Qian WP, Pacifici R, Weitzmann MN. IL-7 induces bone loss in vivo by induction of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand and tumor necrosis factor alpha from T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:125-30. [PMID: 12490655 PMCID: PMC140902 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0136772100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-7, a powerful lymphopoietic cytokine, is elevated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and known to induce bone loss when administered in vivo. IL-7 has been suggested to induce bone loss, in part, by stimulating the proliferation of B220(+) cells, a population capable of acting as early osteoclast (OC) precursors. However, the mechanism by which IL-7 leads to differentiation of precursors into mature OCs remains unknown. We previously reported that, in vitro, IL-7 up-regulated T cell cytokines including receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL). To demonstrate the importance of T cells to the bone-wasting effect of IL-7 in vivo, we have now examined IL-7-induced bone loss in T cell-deficient nude mice. We show that T cell-replete mice undergo significant osteoclastic bone loss after IL-7 administration, concurrent with induction of RANKL and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion by splenic T cells. In contrast, nude mice were resistant to IL-7-induced bone loss and showed no detectable increase in either RANKL or TNF-alpha, despite an up-regulation of B220(+) cells. Importantly, T cell adoptive transfer into nude mice restored IL-7-induced bone loss, and RANKL and TNF-alpha secretion, demonstrating that T cells are essential mediators of IL-7-induced bone loss in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Toraldo
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Miles RR, Sluka JP, Halladay DL, Santerre RF, Hale LV, Bloem L, Patanjali SR, Galvin RJS, Ma L, Hock JM, Onyia JE. Parathyroid hormone (hPTH 1-38) stimulates the expression of UBP41, an ubiquitin-specific protease, in bone. J Cell Biochem 2002; 85:229-42. [PMID: 11948679 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.10129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates bone formation in both animals and humans, and the expression of a number of genes has been implicated in the mediation of this effect. To discover new bone factors that initiate and support this phenomenon, we used differential display reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR) and screened for genes, which are differentially expressed in osteoblast-enriched femoral metaphyseal primary spongiosa of young male rats after a single subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of hPTH (1-38) (8 microg/100 g). We found and cloned one full-length cDNA, which encodes a putative 348 amino acid protein. Sequence analysis of this protein demonstrates a 98, 93.7, and 82.5% identity with mouse, human, and chicken ubiquitin-specific protease UBP41, respectively. Northern blot analysis confirmed that a 3.8-4 kb UBP41 mRNA transcript was rapidly increased 1 h after acute hPTH (1-38) exposure in both metaphyseal (6- to 8-fold) and diaphyseal (3-fold) bone, but returned to control levels by 24 h after exposure. In contrast, continuous exposure to hPTH (1-38), resulted in a rapid and sustained elevation of UBP41 mRNA. PTH (1-31), which stimulates intracellular cAMP, and PTHrP (1-34) both induced UBP41 mRNA expression; whereas PTH analogs (3-34) and (7-34), that do not stimulate cAMP, had no effect on UBP41 expression. UBP41 mRNA expression was also rapidly induced 1 h after injection of PGE2, but returned to the control level by 6 to 24 h. In vitro, UBP41 mRNA is expressed in primary osteoblasts (metaphyseal and diaphyseal derived) and in the osteoblast-like cell lines UMR106, ROS17/2.8, and BALC. PTH (1-38) treatment induced UPB41 expression (3.6- to 13-fold) in both primary cultures of osteoblasts and in UMR106 cells. Further analysis in UMR 106 cells demonstrated that PGE2, forskolin and dibutyryl cAMP increased UBP41 mRNA expression 4-, 4.5-, and 2.4-fold, respectively. Tissue distribution analysis of UBP41 mRNA detected transcripts in brain, heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, liver, and testis. Together, these results demonstrate that UBP41, an ubiquitin-specific protease, is selectively upregulated in bone by the osteotropic agents PTH, PTHrP, and PGE2, possibly via the PKA/cAMP pathway. We speculate that the rapid induction of UBP41 in response to these physiological regulators contributes to the mechanism by which either the structure, activity, half-life or localization of essential proteins are modified to maintain bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Miles
- Gene Regulation, Bone and Inflammation Research Division, Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly & Co, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA
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Koide M, Kurihara N, Maeda H, Reddy SV. Identification of the functional domain of osteoclast inhibitory peptide-1/hSca. J Bone Miner Res 2002; 17:111-8. [PMID: 11771657 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.2002.17.1.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclast (OCL) activity is controlled by local factors produced in the bone microenvironment. We previously identified a novel inhibitor of OCL formation that is produced by OCLs (osteoclast inhibitory peptide-1/human Sca [OIP-1/hSca]). OIP-1/hSca is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked membrane protein (16 kDa) that is cleaved from the OCL surface. Immunocytochemical staining further confirmed the expression of OIP-1/hSca in OCL formed in mouse bone marrow cultures. However, the structure/function mechanisms responsible for the inhibitory effects of OIP-1/hSca on OCL formation are unknown. Therefore, we expressed deletion mutants of OIP-1 in 293 cells and tested their effects on OCL formation. These studies indicated that the carboxy-terminal peptide (c-peptide) region is critical for OIP-1/hSca activity. A 33 amino acid OIP-1 c-peptide (10-100 ng/ml) significantly inhibited 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] induced OCL formation and pit formation capacity of OCL on dentine slices in human bone marrow cultures. Furthermore, the c-peptide (10-100 ng/ml) significantly inhibited early human OCL precursor (granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming unit [GM-CFU]) colony formation in methylcellulose cultures. The polyclonal antibody against the OIP-1 c-peptide neutralized the inhibitory effect of OIP-1 c-peptide on OCL formation in mouse bone marrow cultures in vitro. These results show that the OIP-1 c-peptide is the functional domain of OIP-1 and that availability of neutralizing antibody specific to the OIP-1 c-peptide should provide important mechanistic insights into OIP-1/hSca inhibition of osteoclastogenesis in the bone microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Koide
- Department of Medicine/Hematology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, USA
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37
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Thirunavukkarasu K, Miles RR, Halladay DL, Yang X, Galvin RJ, Chandrasekhar S, Martin TJ, Onyia JE. Stimulation of osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene expression by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). Mapping of the OPG promoter region that mediates TGF-beta effects. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:36241-50. [PMID: 11451955 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m104319200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) regulates osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast survival, in part through the induction of osteoprotegerin (OPG), a protein known to inhibit osteoclast formation and function. To explore the molecular basis of TGF-beta regulation of OPG expression, we evaluated the effects of TGF-beta on osteoclast formation, OPG protein secretion, mRNA expression, and gene transcription. The marked inhibitory effect of TGF-beta on osteoclast differentiation was confirmed in a co-culture model utilizing murine stromal/osteoblastic BALC cells and bone marrow hematopoietic precursors. This inhibition in osteoclast differentiation was preceded by a decrease in RANKL mRNA expression (5-fold) and a reciprocal increase in OPG mRNA (6.1-fold) and protein (7.1-fold) expression in BALC cells. At the promoter/transcriptional level, TGF-beta treatment resulted in a 3-10-fold increase in reporter gene activity directed by a 5.9-kilobase fragment of the human OPG promoter in transfection assays performed in UMR106 cells. The effect of TGF-beta was mimicked by TGF-beta2 and -beta3 but not by BMP-4, suggesting a TGF-beta signal-specific effect. Deletion analysis revealed that a 183-base pair region (-372 to -190) in the promoter was required for TGF-beta responsiveness, and this region was sufficient to confer TGF-beta inducibility to a heterologous (osteocalcin) minimal promoter. Substitution mutations that disrupted the Cbfa1- and/or Smad-binding elements present in the 183-base pair region resulted in a decrease in base-line expression and in the responsiveness to TGF-beta and Cbfa1. Collectively, these studies indicate the involvement and possible interaction of Cbfa1 and Smad proteins in mediating the effects of TGF-beta on OPG transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Thirunavukkarasu
- Gene Regulation, Bone and Inflammation Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA
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Choi Y, Woo KM, Ko SH, Lee YJ, Park SJ, Kim HM, Kwon BS. Osteoclastogenesis is enhanced by activated B cells but suppressed by activated CD8(+) T cells. Eur J Immunol 2001; 31:2179-88. [PMID: 11449372 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200107)31:7<2179::aid-immu2179>3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Host immune response is known to contribute to the progression of periodontitis, and alveolar bone destruction in periodontitis is associated with enhanced osteoclast activity. Therefore, we evaluated the roles of activated lymphocyte subsets in osteoclastogenesis. Osteoclast precursors were co-cultured with activated lymphocytes (B, CD4(+) T, CD8(+) T) in the presence of either macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) alone or M-CSF plus soluble receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (sRANKL), and subsequent differentiation into active osteoclasts was evaluated by a resorption assay. The activated B and CD4(+) cells, but not CD8(+) T cells, induced osteoclast differentiation in the presence of M-CSF alone. In the presence of M-CSF and sRANKL, B cells induced the formation of small but highly active osteoclasts and increased resorption, while CD8(+) T cells profoundly suppressed osteoclastogenesis. Co-culture using an insert well or supernatant suggested that both B and CD8(+) T cells acted on osteoclasts mostly via soluble proteins. Activated B cells expressed many osteoclastogenic factors including RANKL, TNF-alpha, IL-6, MIP-1alpha, and MCP-3. CD8(+) T cells expressed a substantial amount of osteoprotegerin (OPG) along with RANKL. However, blocking antibody to OPG did not reverse the suppression by CD8(+) T cells, suggesting that other factor(s) are involved. Taken together, activated B cells promoted osteoclastogenesis, while CD8(+) T cells inhibited the osteoclast formation via direct interaction. The results imply the importance of lymphocyte subpopulations in the development of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Choi
- College of Dentistry, Kangnung National University, Kangnung, Republic of Korea.
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39
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Weitzmann MN, Cenci S, Rifas L, Haug J, Dipersio J, Pacifici R. T cell activation induces human osteoclast formation via receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand-dependent and -independent mechanisms. J Bone Miner Res 2001; 16:328-37. [PMID: 11204433 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.2.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In unstimulated conditions, osteoclast (OC) formation is regulated by stromal cell production of the key osteoclastogenic factors receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). However, the mechanisms of accelerated osteoclastogenesis and bone loss characteristic of inflammatory conditions are poorly understood but appear to involve T cells. In addition, the mechanism by which OCs arise spontaneously in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the absence of stromal cells or added cytokines remains unclear. Using a stromal cell free human osteoclast generating system, we investigated the ability of activated T cells to support osteoclastogenesis. We show that when activated by phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA), T cells (both CD4+ and CD8+) stimulate human OC formation in vitro. Although both soluble M-CSF and RANKL were detected in activated T cell supernatants, the presence of M-CSF was not essential for macrophage survival or RANKL-dependent osteoclast formation, suggesting that other soluble T cell-derived factors were capable of substituting for this cytokine. We also found that saturating concentrations of osteoprotegerin (OPG) failed to neutralize 30% of the observed OC formation and that T cell conditioned medium (CM) could superinduce osteoclastogenesis in cultures of purified monocytes maximally stimulated by RANKL and M-CSF. Together, these data suggest that activated T cells support osteoclastogenesis via RANKL-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Although not relevant for T cell-induced osteoclastogenesis, secretion of soluble M-CSF is a previously undescribed property of activated T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Weitzmann
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Chabaud M, Lubberts E, Joosten L, van den Berg W, Miossec P. IL-17 derived from juxta-articular bone and synovium contributes to joint degradation in rheumatoid arthritis. ARTHRITIS RESEARCH 2001; 3:168-77. [PMID: 11299057 PMCID: PMC30709 DOI: 10.1186/ar294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2000] [Revised: 11/15/2000] [Accepted: 12/19/2000] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The origin and role of IL-17, a T-cell derived cytokine, in cartilage and bone destruction during rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remain to be clarified. In human ex vivo models, addition of IL-17 enhanced IL-6 production and collagen destruction, and inhibited collagen synthesis by RA synovium explants. On mouse cartilage, IL-17 enhanced cartilage proteoglycan loss and inhibited its synthesis. On human RA bone explants, IL-17 also increased bone resorption and decreased formation. Addition of IL-1 in these conditions increased the effect of IL-17. Blocking of bone-derived endogenous IL-17 with specific inhibitors resulted in a protective inhibition of bone destruction. Conversely, intra-articular administration of IL-17 into a normal mouse joint induced cartilage degradation. In conclusion, the contribution of IL-17 derived from synovium and bone marrow T cells to joint destruction suggests the control of IL-17 for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Chabaud
- INSERM U403, Faculté de Médecine Laennec, and Departments of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
| | - Erik Lubberts
- Rheumatology Research Laboratory, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Nijmegen, HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo Joosten
- Rheumatology Research Laboratory, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Nijmegen, HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim van den Berg
- Rheumatology Research Laboratory, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Nijmegen, HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre Miossec
- INSERM U403, Faculté de Médecine Laennec, and Departments of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
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Miles RR, Sluka JP, Halladay DL, Santerre RF, Hale LV, Bloem L, Thirunavukkarasu K, Galvin RJ, Hock JM, Onyia JE. ADAMTS-1: A cellular disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs is a target for parathyroid hormone in bone. Endocrinology 2000; 141:4533-42. [PMID: 11108265 DOI: 10.1210/endo.141.12.7817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PTH stimulates bone formation in animals and humans, and the expressions of a number of genes have been implicated in the mediation of this effect. To discover new bone factors that initiate and support this phenomenon we used differential display RT-PCR and screened for genes that are selectively expressed in osteoblast-enriched femoral metaphyseal primary spongiosa of young male rats after a single s.c. injection of human PTH-(1-38) (8 microg/100 g). We show that one of the messenger RNAs that is up-regulated in bone is ADAMTS-1, a new member of the ADAM (A disintegrin and metalloprotease) gene family containing thrombospondin type I motifs. ADAMTS-1 consists of multiple domains common to ADAM family of proteins, including pro-, metalloprotease-like, and disintegrin-like domains. However, unlike other ADAMs, ADAMTS-1 does not possess a transmembrane or cytoplasmic domain and is a secreted protein. Northern blot analysis confirmed that ADAMTS-1 was up-regulated in both metaphyseal (14- to 35-fold) and diaphyseal (4.2-fold) bone 1 h after PTH-(1-38) injection and returned to control levels by 24 h. We also analyzed the regulation of ADAMTS-1 in response to various PTH/PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) analogs and found that PTH-(1-31) and PTHrP-(1-34), which activate the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway, induce ADAMTS-1 expression 1 h after injection, whereas PTH-(3-34) and PTH-(7-34), which do not activate the PKA pathway, did not regulate expression. To investigate the effect of other osteotropic agents, we analyzed ADAMTS-1 expression after a single dose of PGE2 (6 mg/kg) and found that it was up-regulated 1 h after injection and returned to control levels by 6 h. In vitro ADAMTS-1 is expressed in primary osteoblasts and osteoblastic cell lines, but was not detectable in osteoclasts generated from macrophage colony-stimulating factor/receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand/transforming growth factor-beta1-treated bone marrow cells. Treatment of UMR 106 osteosarcoma cells with PTH, PGE2, forskolin, or (Bu)2cAMP increased ADAMTS-1 expression 7-, 4-, 5-, and 5-fold, respectively. Also, in vitro treatment with 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 increased ADAMTS-1 expression 3-fold. Tissue distribution analysis showed that ADAMTS-1 is expressed at high levels in many tissues, including the heart, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, and kidney. Taken together, these results demonstrate that ADAMTS-1 is specifically up-regulated in bone and osteoblasts by the osteotropic agents PTH, PTHrP, and PGE2 possibly via the cAMP/PKA pathway. We speculate that the rapid and transient increase in ADAMTS-1 expression may contribute to some of the effects of PTH on bone turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Miles
- Endocrine Division, Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA
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42
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Voggenreiter G, Assenmacher S, Kreuzfelder E, Wolf M, Kim MR, Nast-Kolb D, Schade FU. Immunosuppression with FK506 increases bone induction in demineralized isogeneic and xenogeneic bone matrix in the rat. J Bone Miner Res 2000; 15:1825-34. [PMID: 10977002 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.9.1825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate a systemic induction of bone formation in rats by immunosuppression with FK506 (1 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally [ip]) in a model of osteoinduction of isogeneic and xenogeneic demineralized bone matrix (DBM) for a period of 28 days. In particular, alterations of in vitro cytokine synthesis and changes of lymphocyte subsets were studied. DBM was implanted intramuscularly in the abdominal wall of Lewis rats (seven per group). Blood was sampled on days -7, 0, 7, and 28 for determination of in vitro tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-alpha) synthesis and lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD45+, ED9+, and Ia+ antibodies). Ossicles of de novo formed bone and the tibias were removed on day 28 after double tetracycline labeling for histomorphometric analysis. Immunosuppression with FK506 significantly decreased lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated in vitro cytokine synthesis after 7 days and 28 days (p < 0.05). Compared with control animals FK506 treatment significantly increased the volume of induced bone in isogeneic (2.1 +/- 0.3 mm3 vs. 10.8 +/- 0.9 mm3) and xenogeneic (O mm3 vs. 4.7 +/- 0.8 mm3) DBM. Bone histomorphometry of the tibias revealed that immunosuppression increased both bone formation and bone resorption, accompanied by a significant reduction in the relative trabecular area (Tb.Ar). FK506 caused a decrease in the counts of CD8+ T cells probably because of destruction or dislocation of these cells. This suggests that the amount of CD8+ cells and the degree of T cell activation in terms of mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) may be associated with bone metabolism. In support of this, statistical analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between parameters of bone formation as well as bone resorption and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio. There was a significant negative correlation between parameters of remodeling of the metaphysis of the tibia and induced bone volume (BV), respectively, and MFI values of CD3+/Ia+ cells. These findings suggest an important role of T lymphocytes in bone formation and bone resorption in vivo. FK506 caused a marked increase of bone formation in DBM. However, the conclusion that immunosuppression increases fracture healing warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Voggenreiter
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Germany
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43
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Interleukin-7 stimulates osteoclast formation by up-regulating the T-cell production of soluble osteoclastogenic cytokines. Blood 2000. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v96.5.1873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In unstimulated conditions osteoclast renewal occurs as a result of the stromal cell production of the key osteoclastogenic factors, receptor activator of NFkB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). Inflammation is known to cause increased osteoclastogenesis; however, the mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon are poorly understood. We now show that interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), cytokines typically produced in inflammatory conditions, increase the stromal cell production of IL-7. This factor, in turn, up-regulates production of osteoclastogenic cytokines by T cells leading to stimulation of osteoclast (OC) formation. Although T cells were found to produce soluble forms of both RANKL and M-CSF, saturating concentrations of osteoprotegerin failed to inhibit approximately 40% of the OC formation, suggesting that IL-7 acts via both RANKL-dependent and RANKL-independent pathways. Despite the identification of T-cell–secreted M-CSF, this cytokine was not essential for either RANKL-dependent or -independent OC formation, suggesting that T cells secrete other cytokines capable of substituting for M-CSF action. On the basis of our data, we propose a novel mechanism for inflammatory bone loss in which induction of IL-7 from stromal cells by IL-1 and TNFα leads to the production of soluble osteoclastogenic cytokines by T cells. Thus, the mechanism by which IL-7 causes bone resorption involves the activation of T cells and the T-cell–dependent augmentation of osteoclastogenesis.
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44
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Interleukin-7 stimulates osteoclast formation by up-regulating the T-cell production of soluble osteoclastogenic cytokines. Blood 2000. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v96.5.1873.h8001873_1873_1878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In unstimulated conditions osteoclast renewal occurs as a result of the stromal cell production of the key osteoclastogenic factors, receptor activator of NFkB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). Inflammation is known to cause increased osteoclastogenesis; however, the mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon are poorly understood. We now show that interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), cytokines typically produced in inflammatory conditions, increase the stromal cell production of IL-7. This factor, in turn, up-regulates production of osteoclastogenic cytokines by T cells leading to stimulation of osteoclast (OC) formation. Although T cells were found to produce soluble forms of both RANKL and M-CSF, saturating concentrations of osteoprotegerin failed to inhibit approximately 40% of the OC formation, suggesting that IL-7 acts via both RANKL-dependent and RANKL-independent pathways. Despite the identification of T-cell–secreted M-CSF, this cytokine was not essential for either RANKL-dependent or -independent OC formation, suggesting that T cells secrete other cytokines capable of substituting for M-CSF action. On the basis of our data, we propose a novel mechanism for inflammatory bone loss in which induction of IL-7 from stromal cells by IL-1 and TNFα leads to the production of soluble osteoclastogenic cytokines by T cells. Thus, the mechanism by which IL-7 causes bone resorption involves the activation of T cells and the T-cell–dependent augmentation of osteoclastogenesis.
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45
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Thirunavukkarasu K, Halladay DL, Miles RR, Yang X, Galvin RJ, Chandrasekhar S, Martin TJ, Onyia JE. The osteoblast-specific transcription factor Cbfa1 contributes to the expression of osteoprotegerin, a potent inhibitor of osteoclast differentiation and function. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:25163-72. [PMID: 10833509 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m000322200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone formation and resorption are tightly coupled under normal conditions, and the interaction of osteoclast precursors with cells of the osteoblast lineage is a prerequisite for osteoclast formation. Cbfa1 is an osteoblast-specific transcription factor that is essential for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. At present, it is not known whether Cbfa1 regulates any of the osteoblast-derived factors involved in the bone resorption pathway. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is an osteoblast-secreted glycoprotein that functions as a potent inhibitor of osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. Cloning and computer analysis of a 5.9-kilobase human OPG promoter sequence revealed the presence of 12 putative Cbfa1 binding elements (osteoblast-specific element 2 (OSE(2))), suggesting a possible regulation of OPG by Cbfa1. We cloned the promoter upstream of the beta-galactosidase reporter gene (pOPG5. 9betagal) and evaluated whether Cbfa1 could regulate its expression in transient transfection assays. The 5.9-kilobase promoter directed increased levels of reporter gene expression, reminiscent of OPG protein levels in osteoblastic cell lines (BALC and U2OS) as compared with the nonosteoblastic cell line COS1. Cotransfection of a Cbfa1 expression construct along with pOPG5.9betagal reporter construct led to 39-, 7-, and 16-fold increases in beta-galactosidase activity in COS1, BALC, and U2OS cells, respectively. Removal of all the putative OSE(2) elements led to an almost complete loss of transactivation. Mutational analysis demonstrated that the proximal OSE(2) element contributes to a majority of the effects of Cbfa1, and Cbfa1 bound to the proximal element in a sequence-specific manner. Further, overexpression of Cbfa1 led to a 54% increase in OPG protein levels in U2OS cells. These results indicate that Cbfa1 regulates the expression of OPG, thereby further contributing to a molecular link between bone formation and resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Thirunavukkarasu
- Endocrine Division, Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
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46
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Sells Galvin RJ, Gatlin CL, Horn JW, Fuson TR. TGF-beta enhances osteoclast differentiation in hematopoietic cell cultures stimulated with RANKL and M-CSF. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 265:233-9. [PMID: 10548519 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
TGF-beta has been shown to inhibit and stimulate osteoclastogenesis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of TGF-beta in hematopoietic cell cultures stimulated with RANKL and M-CSF. In cocultures of hematopoietic cells and BALC cells (a calvarial-derived cell line), TGF-beta inhibited tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cell formation. In contrast, TGF-beta enhanced TRAP-positive multinucleated cell formation up to 10-fold in hematopoietic cell cultures containing few osteoblastic/stromal cells. Likewise, TGF-beta increased the number of calcitonin receptor (CTR)-positive multinucleated and mononucleated cells in a concentration-dependent manner. An increase in cell size and multinuclearity was also observed in the presence of TGF-beta. The stimulatory effects of TGF-beta were dependent on the presence of M-CSF and RANKL. When differentiated on bovine cortical bone slices, these cells formed resorption lacunae. These results suggest that TGF-beta has a direct stimulatory effect on osteoclastogenesis in hematopoietic cells treated with RANKL and M-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Sells Galvin
- Lilly Research Labs, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46285, USA.
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47
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by a heavy lymphocytic infiltration into the synovial cavity, resulting in the secretion of a variety of cytokines which ultimately leads to destruction of joint tissue. Among the infiltrating cells are activated T cells which produce specific cytokines capable of osteoclast progenitor cell expansion, fusion, and activation. Cultures of activated human T cells and human osteoblasts (hOBs) were used to study the possibility that lymphokines may act on osteoblasts to produce the osteoclastogenic factor interleukin-6 (IL-6). Purified T cells were activated with a combination of anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies, cocultured with hOBs in direct physical contact or separated by a transwell system, and conditioned media (CM) were assayed for IL-6 production. After a 72 h incubation period, activated T cell-hOB interaction resulted in a 100-fold increase of IL-6 production over basal levels. The immunosuppressant cyclosporine A (CsA) inhibited T cell tumor necrosis factor alpha and IL-6 production but did not inhibit the T cell induction of IL-6 from hOB. Assay of activated T-cell CM on hOB revealed that a soluble factor, not cell-cell contact, was the major inducer of IL-6. The induction of IL-6 mRNA by both activated T cell CM and CsA-treated activated T cell CM was confirmed by Northern blot analysis. Neutralizing antibodies to IL-13 and IL-17 did not affect IL-6 production. These findings suggest that activated T cells produce a novel, potent, IL-6 inducing factor that may be responsible for the bone loss observed in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rifas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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48
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Lacerda L, Arosa FA, Lacerda R, Cabeda J, Porto G, Amaral O, Fortuna A, Pinto R, Oliveira P, McLaren CE, Sá Miranda C, de Sousa M. T cell numbers relate to bone involvement in Gaucher disease. Blood Cells Mol Dis 1999; 25:130-8. [PMID: 10389595 DOI: 10.1006/bcmd.1999.0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The major elements of bone pathology in Gaucher disease are a failure of osteoclast and osteoblast function, resulting in osteopenia and also osteonecrosis. T lymphocytes have recently been found to be involved in the regulation of osteoblast/osteoclast activity in vitro. In the present report the peripheral blood T major lymphocyte subsets were investigated in a group of genotyped type 1 Gaucher disease patients. A total of 31 patients were studied: 21 non-splenectomized (5 N370S homozygotes) and 10 splenectomized (of whom 1 was a N370S homozygote). The results show that non-splenectomized patients present a decrease in absolute numbers of peripheral blood T lymphocytes, specially the CD4+ T subset. However, when patients were analyzed with respect to the presence of bone disease, the number of CD8+ T lymphocytes was found to be statistically significantly lower in patients presenting bone involvement. Furthermore, lower numbers of CD8+ T lymphocytes were significantly correlated with higher levels of plasma tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, a putative marker of osteoclast cell activity. These in vivo findings are in agreement with the results reached in vitro by others. They provide an additional marker of disease severity in Gaucher disease. In the group of genotyped Gaucher disease patients, the majority of the N370S homozygous patients presented a clinically milder phenotype, including the absence of bone involvement, confirming earlier reports predicting that a number of these patients may remain undiagnosed. Collectively the homozygosity for the N370S mutation and normal T cell numbers may provide additional markers for the clinical heterogeneity of Gaucher disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lacerda
- Department of Genetics Neurobiology, Porto University, Portugal
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Ninomiya JT, Bi Y, Banks MA, Lavish SA, Goldberg VM, Greenfield EM. Bone marrow cells produce soluble factors that inhibit osteoclast activity. J Orthop Res 1999; 17:51-8. [PMID: 10073647 DOI: 10.1002/jor.1100170109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines that stimulate bone resorption are produced by cells found in bone marrow. However, marrow cells produce multiple factors, some of which may be inhibitors of osteoclast differentiation or activity. Thus, it is not possible to predict a priori whether the mixture of factors produced by marrow cells will have a net stimulatory or inhibitory effect on bone resorption. In this study, we showed that the net effect of whole marrow is to inhibit osteoclast activity induced by parathyroid hormone. Fractionation of the marrow revealed that the inhibitory activity was in the marrow fluid. However, conditioned media obtained from marrow cell cultures also inhibited osteoclast activity. Thus, it is likely that the inhibitory factors are produced in vivo by cells residing in the marrow. These inhibitory factors may represent a physiological regulatory process that plays an important role in maintaining the balance between bone resorption and formation. Because we have previously shown that interleukin-6 is one of the cytokines that parathyroid hormone induces in osteoblastic cells to stimulate osteoclast activity, one potential mechanism by which the marrow-derived inhibitory factors might act is by preventing this production of interleukin-6. However, we found that the marrow cell-conditioned media do not inhibit the production or activity of interleukin-6. Thus, the inhibitory factors appear to block osteoclast activity through a mechanism that does not involve interleukin-6. Taken together, these results demonstrate the importance of factors that inhibit bone resorption and emphasize that the presence of cytokines that stimulate bone resorption in conditions such as osteoporosis and orthopaedic implant loosening should be interpreted with caution unless evidence exists demonstrating their functional importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Ninomiya
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-5000, USA
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