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Arunachalam K, Matchado MS, Damazo AS, Cardoso CAL, Castro TLAD, Baranoski A, Neves SCD, Martins DTDO, Nascimento VAD, Oliveira RJ. Casearia sylvestris var. lingua (Càmbess.) Eichler leaves aqueous extract improves colon inflammation through mucogenic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions in TNBS- induced IBD rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 332:118393. [PMID: 38801913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Casearia sylvestris var. lingua (Cambess.) Eichler, a member of the Salicaceae family, holds a prominent place in traditional medicine across various cultures due to its versatile therapeutic properties. Historically, indigenous communities have utilized different parts of the plant, including leaves, bark, and roots, to address a wide array of health conditions. Traditional uses of C. sylvestris var. lingua encompasses the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory infections, wound healing, inflammation, and stomach ulcers. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated the plant's antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, gastroprotective, and immunomodulatory effects. This signifies the first scientific validation report for C. sylvestris var. lingua regarding its effectiveness against ulcerative colitis. The report aims to affirm the traditional use of this plant through pre-clinical experiments. AIM OF THE RESEARCH This work uses an aqueous extract from C. sylvestris var. lingua leaves (AECs) to evaluate the acute anti-ulcerative colitis efficacy in rat and HT-29 (human colorectal cancer cell line) models. METHODS To determine the secondary metabolites of AECs, liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (LC-DAD) study was carried out. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS, 30 mg/0.25 mL EtOH 30% v/v) was used as an enema to cause acute colitis. Three days were spent giving the C. sylvestris var. lingua extract orally by gavage at dosages of 3, 30, and 300 mg/kg. The same route was used to deliver distilled water to the vehicle and naïve groups. After the animals were sacrificed on the fourth day, intestinal tissues were taken for histological examination and evaluation of biochemical tests such as those measuring superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrite/nitrate, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Additionally, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 10 (IL-10), were conducted on the intestinal tissues. Additionally, an MTT assay was used to evaluate the effect of AECs on the viability of HT-29 cells. Additionally, a molecular docking study was carried out to compare some potential target proteins with identified chemicals found in AECs. RESULTS LC-DAD analysis identified five compounds (caffeic acid, ellagic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, and quercetin) in AECs. Pre-administration of AECs (3; 30; 300 mg/kg) and mesalazine (500 mg/kg) reduced macroscopic scores (55%, 47%, 45%, and 52%, p < 0.001) and ulcerated areas (70.3%, 70.5%, 57%, and 56%, p < 0.001), respectively. It also increased SOD, GSH, and CAT activities (p < 0.01), while decreasing MDA (p < 0.001), nitrite/nitrate (p < 0.05), and MPO (p < 0.001) activities compared to the colitis group. Concerning inflammatory markers, significant modulations were observed: AECs (3, 30, and 300 mg/kg) lowered levels of IL-1β and TNF-α (p < 0.001) and increased IL-10 levels (p < 0.001) compared to the colitis groups. The viability of HT-29 cells was suppressed by AECs with an IC50 of 195.90 ± 0.01 μg/mL (48 h). During the molecular docking analysis, quercetin, gallic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and ellagic acid demonstrated consistent binding affinities, forming stable interactions with the 3w3l (TLR8) and the 3ds6 (MAPK14) complexes. CONCLUSION These results imply that the intestinal mucogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties of the C. sylvestris var. lingua leaf extract may be involved in its therapeutic actions for ulcerative colitis. The results of the in silico study point to the possibility of quercetin and ellagic acid interacting with P38 and TLR8, respectively, in a beneficial way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppusamy Arunachalam
- Center for Studies in Stem Cells, Cell Therapy and Toxicological Genetics (CeTroGen), Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, 79070-900, MS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health and Development of the Midwest Region, School of Medicine (FAMED), Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, 79070-900, MS, Brazil.
| | - Monica Steffi Matchado
- Ganga Orthopaedic Research & Education Foundation (GOREF), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Amilcar Sabino Damazo
- Histology Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
| | - Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Resources, State University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Cidade Universitária de Dourados, Rodovia Itahum, Km 12, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Luis Aguayo de Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Resources, State University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Cidade Universitária de Dourados, Rodovia Itahum, Km 12, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil.
| | - Adrivanio Baranoski
- Center for Studies in Stem Cells, Cell Therapy and Toxicological Genetics (CeTroGen), Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, 79070-900, MS, Brazil.
| | - Silvia Cordeiro das Neves
- Center for Studies in Stem Cells, Cell Therapy and Toxicological Genetics (CeTroGen), Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, 79070-900, MS, Brazil.
| | | | - Valter Aragão do Nascimento
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Development of the Midwest Region, School of Medicine (FAMED), Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, 79070-900, MS, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Juliano Oliveira
- Center for Studies in Stem Cells, Cell Therapy and Toxicological Genetics (CeTroGen), Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, 79070-900, MS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health and Development of the Midwest Region, School of Medicine (FAMED), Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, 79070-900, MS, Brazil.
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Pailee P, Batsomboon P, Yaosanit W, Thananthaisong T, Mahidol C, Ploypradith P, Reuk-Ngam N, Khlaychan P, Techasakul S, Ruchirawat S, Prachyawarakorn V. Grewiifopenes A-K, bioactive clerodane diterpenoids from Casearia grewiifolia Vent. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2024; 14:54. [PMID: 39276264 PMCID: PMC11401813 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-024-00475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
Eleven novel clerodane-type diterpenoids, grewiifopenes A-K (1-4 and 12-18), along with nine known compounds (5-11, 19, and 20) were purified from the dichloromethane extract of the twigs and stems of Casearia grewiifolia Vent. (Salicaceae). Their spectroscopic data, including the NMR, HRESIMS, and electronic circular dichroism calculations were employed to completely characterize and elucidate the chemical structures and absolute configurations. The clerodane diterpenoids possessing a 6-OH group and no substitution at C-7 exhibited greater cytotoxic activity than others, with their IC50 values ranging from 0.3 to 2.9 μM. Isocaseamembrin E (7) exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, while isocaseamembrin E (7), corymbulosin X (8), caseargrewiin A (9), kurzipene A (10), and balanspene F (11) exhibited antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phanruethai Pailee
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Medicinal Chemistry and Organic Synthesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Paratchata Batsomboon
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Medicinal Chemistry and Organic Synthesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Wiriya Yaosanit
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Medicinal Chemistry and Organic Synthesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Theerawat Thananthaisong
- Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Forest Herbarium, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Chulabhorn Mahidol
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Medicinal Chemistry and Organic Synthesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
- Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Poonsakdi Ploypradith
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Medicinal Chemistry and Organic Synthesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
- Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Office of the Permanent Secretary (OPS), Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI), Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Nanthawan Reuk-Ngam
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Medicinal Chemistry and Organic Synthesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Panita Khlaychan
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Medicinal Chemistry and Organic Synthesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Supanna Techasakul
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Medicinal Chemistry and Organic Synthesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Medicinal Chemistry and Organic Synthesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
- Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Office of the Permanent Secretary (OPS), Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI), Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Vilailak Prachyawarakorn
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Medicinal Chemistry and Organic Synthesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand.
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Silva JDN, Beserra Filho JIA, Acha BT, Almeida FRDC, Batista EKF, Silva VR, Bomfim LM, Soares MBP, Bezerra DP, dos Santos AG, de Andrade FDCP, Mendes AN, Arcanjo DDR, Ferreira PMP. Promising Effects of Casearins in Tumor-Bearing Mice and Antinociceptive Action against Oncologic Pain: Molecular Docking and In Vivo Findings. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:633. [PMID: 38794204 PMCID: PMC11124378 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Safer analgesic drugs remain a hard challenge because of cardiovascular and/or gastrointestinal toxicity, mainly. So, this study evaluated in vivo the antiproliferative actions of a fraction with casearins (FC) from Casearia sylvestris leaves against human colorectal carcinomas and antihyperalgesic effects on inflammatory- or opiate-based pain relief and oncologic pain in Sarcoma 180 (S180)-bearing mice. Moreover, docking investigations evaluated the binding among Casearin X and NMDA(N-methyl-D-aspartate)-type glutamate receptors. HCT-116 colorectal carcinoma-xenografted mice were treated with FC for 15 days. Antinociceptive assays included chemically induced algesia and investigated mechanisms by pharmacological blockade. Intraplantar region S180-bearing animals received a single dose of FC and were examined for mechanical allodynia and behavior alterations. AutoDock Vina determined molecular interactions among Cas X and NMDA receptor subunits. FC reduced tumor growth at i.p. (5 and 10 mg/kg) and oral (25 mg/kg/day) doses (31.12-39.27%). FC reduced abdominal pain, as confirmed by formalin and glutamate protocols, whose antinociception activity was blocked by naloxone and L-NAME (neurogenic phase) and naloxone, atropine, and flumazenil (inflammatory phase). Meanwhile, glibenclamide potentiated the FC analgesic effects. FC increased the paw withdrawal threshold without producing changes in exploratory parameters or motor coordination. Cas X generated a more stable complex with active sites of the NMDA receptor GluN2B subunits. FC is a promising antitumor agent against colorectal carcinomas, has peripheral analgesic effects by desensitizing secondary afferent neurons, and inhibits glutamate release from presynaptic neurons and/or their action on cognate receptors. These findings emphasize the use of clerodane diterpenes against cancer-related pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurandy do Nascimento Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology (LabCancer), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil; (J.d.N.S.); (J.I.A.B.F.)
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil
| | - José Ivo Araújo Beserra Filho
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology (LabCancer), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil; (J.d.N.S.); (J.I.A.B.F.)
| | - Boris Timah Acha
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Studies in Physiopharmacology (Lafmol), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil;
| | - Fernanda Regina de Castro Almeida
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil;
| | | | - Valdenizia Rodrigues Silva
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (V.R.S.); (L.M.B.); (M.B.P.S.); (D.P.B.)
| | - Larissa Mendes Bomfim
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (V.R.S.); (L.M.B.); (M.B.P.S.); (D.P.B.)
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (V.R.S.); (L.M.B.); (M.B.P.S.); (D.P.B.)
| | - Daniel Pereira Bezerra
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (V.R.S.); (L.M.B.); (M.B.P.S.); (D.P.B.)
| | - André Gonzaga dos Santos
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Araraquara 14800-700, Brazil;
| | - Francisco das Chagas Pereira de Andrade
- Laboratory of Innovation in Science and Technology (Lacitec), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil; (F.d.C.P.d.A.); (A.N.M.)
| | - Anderson Nogueira Mendes
- Laboratory of Innovation in Science and Technology (Lacitec), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil; (F.d.C.P.d.A.); (A.N.M.)
| | - Daniel Dias Rufino Arcanjo
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Studies in Physiopharmacology (Lafmol), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil;
| | - Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology (LabCancer), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil; (J.d.N.S.); (J.I.A.B.F.)
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Nagaoka LT, Jorge BC, Stein J, Manoel BDM, Valente LC, de Toledo LL, de Castro TLA, Kassuya CAL, Cardoso CAL, Arena AC. Maternal-fetal safety evaluation of an aqueous extract of Casearia sylvestris leaves in rats. Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:1899-1911. [PMID: 37800320 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the maternal, embryotoxic, and teratogenic effects of the aqueous extract of Casearia sylvestris (AECS), a species listed in the Unique Health System of Brazil, and widely used for treating several conditions, such as diarrhea, wounds, pain, and ulcers. METHODS Pregnant rats were daily treated orally with 0, 175, 350, or 700 mg/kg/body weight of AECS, from gestational day (GD) 6 to 15 (organogenesis period). On GD 20, the pregnant rats were euthanized, and the litters submitted to an assessment of fetal development. RESULTS No clinical signs of toxicity were observed in the dams during the treatment. In the embryo-fetal development study, a significant increase in the basal zone height of the placenta was observed in the intermediate dose group. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the relative anogenital distance measurement of female fetuses in the lowest and intermediate dose groups. Although no visceral abnormalities were observed in the treated-fetuses, skeletal anomalies evidenced by changes in the ossification of the sternum and the presence of supernumerary ribs were found in the intermediate and high dose groups. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the treatment with AECS during organogenesis at this dose level had detrimental effects on the normal development of fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Trippe Nagaoka
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Campos Jorge
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Júlia Stein
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz de Matos Manoel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leticia Cardoso Valente
- College of Health Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Laura Leonel de Toledo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago Luis Aguayo de Castro
- Center of Studies in Natural Resources, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso
- Center of Studies in Natural Resources, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Arielle Cristina Arena
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Toxicological Information and Assistance Center (CIATOX), Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista - Botucatu (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Oda FB, Carvalho FA, Yamamoto PA, de Oliveira JA, Peccinini RG, Zocolo GJ, Ribeiro PRV, de Moraes NV, Dos Santos AG. Metabolism Characterization and Chemical and Plasma Stability of Casearin B and Caseargrewiin F. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:1097-1105. [PMID: 37084791 DOI: 10.1055/a-2078-5920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Oral preparations of Casearia sylvestris (guacatonga) are used as antacid, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antiulcerogenic medicines. The clerodane diterpenes casearin B and caseargrewiin F are major active compounds in vitro and in vivo. The oral bioavailability and metabolism of casearin B and caseargrewiin F were not previously investigated. We aimed to assess the stability of casearin B and caseargrewiin F in physiological conditions and their metabolism in human liver microsomes. The compounds were identified by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and quantified by validated LC-MS methods. The stability of casearin B and caseargrewiin F in physiological conditions was assessed in vitro. Both diterpenes showed a fast degradation (p < 0.05) in simulated gastric fluid. Their metabolism was not mediated by cytochrome P-450 enzymes, but the depletion was inhibited by the esterase inhibitor NaF. Both diterpenes and their dialdehydes showed a octanol/water partition coefficient in the range of 3.6 to 4.0, suggesting high permeability. Metabolism kinetic data were fitted to the Michaelis-Menten profile with KM values of 61.4 and 66.4 µM and Vmax values of 327 and 648 nmol/min/mg of protein for casearin B and caseargrewiin F, respectively. Metabolism parameters in human liver microsomes were extrapolated to predict human hepatic clearance, and suggest that caseargrewiin F and casearin B have a high hepatic extraction ratio. In conclusion, our data suggest that caseargrewiin F and casearin B present low oral bioavailability due to extensive gastric degradation and high hepatic extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bombarda Oda
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávio Alexandre Carvalho
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Akemi Yamamoto
- Center of Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Palo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jonata Augusto de Oliveira
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Gonçalves Peccinini
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Julião Zocolo
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Natália Valadares de Moraes
- Center of Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - André Gonzaga Dos Santos
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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de Oliveira BMM, Serpa PZ, da Costa Zanatta ME, Aires BA, Steffler AM, Somensi LB, Cury BJ, Dos Santos AC, Venzon L, Boeing T, Mota da Silva L, Roman Junior WA. Gastroprotective and gastric healing effects of the aqueous extract of Casearia sylvestris in rodents: Ultrasound, histological and biochemical analyzes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115660. [PMID: 35995277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE Casearia sylvestris Sw. (Salicaceae) is a native plant from the Americas, where it is also known as "guaçatonga" or "erva-de-bugre." Although its leaves have been commonly used to treat inflammation and gastrointestinal disorders in South America, the antiulcer effects of an aqueous extract from this medicinal plant, similar to popular use, have not to be investigated yet. AIM OF THE STUDY This study evaluated the hypothesis that the aqueous extract a of C. sylvestris (AEC) prevents the gastric ulcers and accelerates the healing of ulcers already installed, by assessing ultrasound imaging, histological and biochemical analyses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats (females) were treated with AEC (3, 30 or 300 mg/kg) prior to the ethanol or piroxicam-induced gastric ulcers. The healing effect of AEC (300 mg/kg) was examined in 80% acetic acid-induced ulcer in rats, whereas the quality of healing was evaluated in recurrent 10% acetic acid-induced ulcer in mice with recurrence induced by interleukin 1β. To assess the responses of the lesions, in addition to the classical methods used to analyze gastroprotection (ex vivo), we also measured the gastric wall thickness (in vivo) using ultrasonography. After euthanasia, the extent of ulcer was determined and the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), nitrate, and the activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO), N-acetyl-β-D-glycosaminidase (NAG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were measured. The antisecretory activity of AEC was also examined based on pylorus ligated rats. Furthermore, gastric tissue samples were analyzed histologically, and phytochemical analyses of the C. sylvestris extract were parallelly performed. RESULTS The AEC (30 or 300 mg/kg) prevented ulcers in the ethanol- and piroxicam-induced acute. Moreover, the AEC at a dose of 300 mg/kg also accelerated the gastric healing of acetic acid-induced ulcer in rats by 48% and the ultrasonography records shown a decrease in the wall thickness and the extent of edema of ulcerous lesions promoted by the extract. The gastric healing effect of AEC was also accompanied by reduced MPO and NAG activities at acetic acid-induced ulcer in rats; as well as was by the reduction in the nitrate and LOOH levels, the increase in mucin and SOD activity, and by a partial recovery of GSH levels. The AEC (300 mg/kg) minimized the ulcer recurrence in mice exposed to IL-1β, but the extract administration did not change pH or peptic activity of gastric juice in pylorus ligated rats. CONCLUSION The results of this study provide convincing evidence for the therapeutic efficacy of C. sylvestris with respect to gastroprotection and indicate that ultrasound examination would be a potentially promising approach for evaluating gastroprotective effects in vivo. Collectively, our findings indicate that the gastric the gastroprotective and healing effects of aqueous extract C. sylvestris involve a reduction in acid secretion, promotion of the antioxidant system, reductions in the migration of neutrophils and mast cells, with a consequent lower inflammatory response, and the preservation of mucin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrícia Zanotelli Serpa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, CEP 89809-900, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
| | | | - Bruna Agnoatto Aires
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, CEP 89809-900, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Maria Steffler
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, CEP 89809-900, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
| | - Lincon Bordignon Somensi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Sociedade, Universidade Alto Vale do Rio do Peixe, CEP 89500-199, Caçador, SC, Brazil.
| | - Benhur Judah Cury
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, CEP 88302-202, Itajaí, SC, Brazil.
| | - Ana Caroline Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, CEP 88302-202, Itajaí, SC, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Venzon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, CEP 88302-202, Itajaí, SC, Brazil.
| | - Thaise Boeing
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, CEP 88302-202, Itajaí, SC, Brazil.
| | - Luisa Mota da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, CEP 88302-202, Itajaí, SC, Brazil.
| | - Walter Antônio Roman Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, CEP 89809-900, Chapecó, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, CEP 89809-900, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
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Santos AGD, Carvalho FA, da Silva BC, Oda FB, Junior JCP, Crevelin EJ, Crotti AEM, Caldas LGM, Dos Santos AG. In vitro schistosomicidal activities of the leaf extracts from Casearia sylvestris varieties. Chem Biodivers 2021; 19:e202100948. [PMID: 34882967 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, a tropical disease caused by flatworms, may affect the liver, spleen, bladder, and intestine. Casearia sylvestris Swartz, a medicinal plant, displays antiprotozoal, antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiulcer activities. We have evaluated the in vitro schistosomicidal activity of two C. sylvestris varieties against Schistosoma mansoni adult worms at concentrations between 12.5 and 200 μg/mL of and var. lingua . At 100 and 200 μg/mL, the ethanolic C. sylvestris var. sylvestris leaf extract enriched in casearin-like diterpenes eliminated 100% of the parasites after incubation for 72 h and 48 h, respectively, whilst the same extract at 200 μg/mL eliminated 96%, 100%, and 100% of the parasites after incubation for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. On the other hand, the hydroalcoholic C. sylvestris var. lingua leaf extract at 200 μg/mL eliminated 60.4 and 66.7% of the parasites after incubation for 48 and 72 h, respectively. The presence of casearin-like diterpenes and glycosylated flavonoids was confirmed based on chromatographic techniques and mass spectrometry data.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Gonzaga Dos Santos
- Sao Paulo University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Drugs and Medicines, , Araraquara-Jaú Road, Km 01, s/n, Araraquara, BRAZIL
| | - Flávio A Carvalho
- Sao Paulo State University Julio de Mesquita Filho: Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara-Jaú Road, Km 01, s/n, Araraquara, BRAZIL
| | - Breno C da Silva
- University of Franca: Universidade de Franca, Center of Research in Sciences and Technology, Franca, Franca, BRAZIL
| | - Fernando B Oda
- Sao Paulo State University Julio de Mesquita Filho: Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara-Jaú Road, Km 01, s/n, Araraquara, BRAZIL
| | - Júlio C P Junior
- Sao Paulo State University Julio de Mesquita Filho: Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara-Jaú Road, Km 01, s/n, Araraquara, BRAZIL
| | - Eduardo J Crevelin
- University of Sao Paulo: Universidade de Sao Paulo, Department of Chemistry, Av. do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, BRAZIL
| | - Antônio E M Crotti
- University of Sao Paulo: Universidade de Sao Paulo, Department of Chemistry, Av. do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, BRAZIL
| | - Lizandra G M Caldas
- University of Franca: Universidade de Franca, Center for Research in Sciences and Technology, Franca, Franca, BRAZIL
| | - André G Dos Santos
- Sao Paulo State University Julio de Mesquita Filho: Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara-Jaú Road, Km 01, s/n, Araraquara, BRAZIL
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Danuello A, de Castro RC, Pilon AC, Bueno PCP, Pivatto M, Vieira Júnior GM, Carvalho FA, Oda FB, Perez CJ, Lopes NP, Dos Santos AG, Ifa DR, Cavalheiro AJ. Fragmentation study of clerodane diterpenes from Casearia species by tandem mass spectrometry (quadrupole time-of-flight and ion trap). RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34 Suppl 3:e8781. [PMID: 32157723 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Clerodane-type diterpenes from Casearia species show important pharmacological activites such as antitumor, antimicrobial and anti-inflamatory. There are several mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods for identification of diterpenes; however, there is still a lack of MS procedures capable of providing characteristic fragmentation pathways for a rapid and unambiguous elucidation of casearin-like compounds. METHODS Casearin-like compounds were investigated by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). The fragmentation studies were carried out by tandem mass spectrometry in space (quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF)) using different collision energies and also by tandem mass spectrometry in time (QIT) by selective isolation of product ions. RESULTS Casearin-like compounds presented a predominance of sodium- and potassium-cationized precursor ions. Both QIT and QTOF techniques provided sequential neutral losses of esters related to the R1 to R5 substituents linked to the nucleus of the clerodane diterpenes. The fragmentation pathway is initiated with a cleavage of the ester moieties R2 followed by the elimination of the ester groups R3 , both losing neutral carboxylic acids. Using QIT, it was also possible to observe the cleavage of the ester groups R1 or R5 by MS4 experiments. CONCLUSIONS Through a rational analysis of the fragmentation mechanisms of Casearia diterpenes it was possible to suggest an annotation strategy based on the sequential cleavages of the ester groups related to the R2 , R3 and R5 substituents. These results will assist studies of the dereplication and metabolomics involving casearin-like compounds present in complex extracts of Casearia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Danuello
- Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rogério Cardoso de Castro
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
- Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan Cesar Pilon
- Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire, UK
| | - Paula Carolina Pires Bueno
- Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Pivatto
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Flávio Alexandre Carvalho
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Bombarda Oda
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Consuelo Javiera Perez
- Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Norberto Peporine Lopes
- Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Gonzaga Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Demian Rocha Ifa
- Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Ribeiro SM, Fratucelli ÉDO, Bueno PCP, de Castro MKV, Francisco AA, Cavalheiro AJ, Klein MI. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of Casearia sylvestris extracts from distinct Brazilian biomes against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:308. [PMID: 31718633 PMCID: PMC6852947 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2717-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Dental caries is a biofilm-diet-dependent worldwide public health problem, and approaches against microorganisms in cariogenic biofilms are necessary. Methods The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of 12 Casearia sylvestris extracts (0.50 mg/mL) from different Brazilian biomes (Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, Caatinga, Pampa, and Pantanal) and varieties (sylvestris, lingua, and intermediate) were tested against two species found in cariogenic biofilms (Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans). The extracts effective against S. mutans were used to evaluate the "adhesion strength" of this bacterium to the salivary pellicle and initial glucan matrix and the S. mutans-GtfB activity. Also, the antimicrobial activity against S. mutans of three fractions (methanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane; 0.25 mg/mL) from the extracts was evaluated. Results Three extracts from the Atlantic Forest variety sylvestris (FLO/SC, GUA/CE, PRE/SP) reduced ≥50% (> 3 logs) S. mutans viable population (p < 0.0001 vs. vehicle), while two extracts from the same biome and variety (PAC/CE, PRE/SP) decreased ≥50% of the viable counts of C. albicans (p < 0.0001 vs. vehicle). For S. mutans biofilms, three extracts (GUA/CE, PAC/CE, PRE/SP) reduced the biomass by ≥91% (p > 0.0001 vs. vehicle) and 100% of the microbial population (p < 0.0001 vs. vehicle). However, for the fungal biofilm, two extracts (PAC/CE, PRE/SP) reduced the viable counts by ≥52% (p < 0.0001 vs. vehicle), but none reduced biomass. The extracts with higher antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities presented higher content of clerodane-type diterpenes and lower content of glycosylated flavonoids than the less active extracts. The extracts had no effect on the removal of cells adhered to the pellicle (p > 0.05 vs. vehicle) while promoted the detachment of a larger number of S. mutans cells from GtfB-glucan matrix (p < 0.0031 vs. vehicle), and FLO/SC, GUA/CE and PRE/SP reduced the quantity of glucans (p < 0.0136 vs. vehicle). Only the ethyl acetate fractions reduced the microbial population of S. mutans (p < 0.0001 vs. vehicle), except for one (PAC/CE). Among the ethyl acetate fractions, three from var. lingua (two from Cerrado, and one from Cerrado/Caatinga) reduced ≥83% of the microbial population. Conclusions C. sylvestris extracts from Atlantic Forest var. sylvestris and ethyl acetate fractions from Cerrado and Cerrado/Caatinga var. lingua may be used as a strategy against cariogenic microorganisms.
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Oda FB, Crevelin EJ, Crotti AEM, Orlando AB, de Medeiros AI, Nogueira FAR, Dos Santos AG. Acidic and hepatic derivatives of bioactive clerodane diterpenes casearins J and O. Fitoterapia 2019; 137:104197. [PMID: 31175947 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Clerodane diterpenes from Casearia sylvestris are antiulcerogenic and anti-inflammatory. The finding that they may undergo acid degradation or hepatic metabolization led to an investigation of their degradation products. Purified clerodane diterpenes (casearins J and O) were subjected to in vitro assays to simulate their oral administration. Resulting derivatives were identified using chromatographic and spectrometric techniques. Nitric oxide synthesis by LPS-stimulated macrophages was assayed to verify whether structural modifications alter the anti-inflammatory activity of diterpenes. Nine compounds (1-9) were identified after acid degradation remaining 5.05% of casearin J. Besides the remaining casearin O (13.1%), eight compounds (10-17) were identified. The dialdehydes from each casearin were the major constituents. S9 rat liver treatment of casearins J and O generated two compounds identical to some of those produced by acid degradation, which remained 36.8% and 36.5% intact, respectively. Both casearins and its derivatives were not cytotoxicity at concentrations lower than 0.312 μg/mL (0.555 μM for casearin J and 0.516 μM for casearin O) and did not inhibit the nitric oxide production in this concentration. Thus, the structural modifications conducted did not alter the activity of casearins and the anti-inflammatory pathway of diterpenes probably is not involved on nitric oxide modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bombarda Oda
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Natural Principles and Toxicology, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo José Crevelin
- University of São Paulo (USP), Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters, Department of Chemistry, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio Eduardo Miller Crotti
- University of São Paulo (USP), Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters, Department of Chemistry, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Allan Botinhon Orlando
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Ivo de Medeiros
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - André Gonzaga Dos Santos
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Natural Principles and Toxicology, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Spósito L, Oda FB, Vieira JH, Carvalho FA, Dos Santos Ramos MA, de Castro RC, Crevelin EJ, Crotti AEM, Santos AG, da Silva PB, Chorilli M, Bauab TM. In vitro and in vivo anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of Casearia sylvestris leaf derivatives. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 233:1-12. [PMID: 30594606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The number of bacterial strains that are resistant to multiple conventional antimicrobial agents is increasing. In this context, natural products have been widely used as a strategy to treat diseases caused by bacteria. Infections by Helicobacter pylori have attracted attention because they are directly related to severe gastric medical conditions. Casearia sylvestris Swartz, popularly known as guaçatonga, is largely employed to treat gastric disorders in Brazilian folk medicine. This plant species has aroused much interest mainly because it displays anti-inflammatory activity and can act as an antiulcer agent. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anti-H. pylori action of C. sylvestris leaf derivatives incorporated or not in a nanostructured drug delivery system. MATERIALS AND METHODS The essential oil (obtained by hydrodistillation) and ethanolic extract (obtained by maceration) were obtained from C. sylvestris leaves. The ethanolic extract was submitted to fractionation through solid phase extraction and column chromatography, to yield the ethanolic fractions. Hydrolyzed casearin J was achieved by submitting isolated casearin J to acid hydrolysis. The derivatives were chemically characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gas chromatography (GC), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses. A nanostructured lipid system was used as drug delivery system. To assess the in vitro antibacterial activity of C. sylvestris leaf essential oil, ethanolic extract, and derivatives, microdilution, biofilm, and time-kill assays were performed against H. pylori ATCC 43504. Finally, the in vivo action was investigated by employing male Wistar rats experimentally infected with H. pylori. RESULTS Many C. sylvestris leaf derivatives presented significant in vitro activity against H. pylori. Among the derivatives, fraction 2 (F2) was the most effective. In vivo tests showed that both the ethanolic extract and F2 decreased the ulcerative lesion size, but only the ethanolic extract eradicated H. pylori from the gastric lesions. Incorporation of plant derivatives in nanostructured lipid system blunted the in vitro action, as demonstrated by the microdilution assay. However, this incorporation improved the ethanolic extract activity against biofilms. CONCLUSION C. sylvestris leaf derivatives are effective against H. pylori both in vitro and in vivo. According to phytochemical analyses, these derivatives are rich in terpenoids, which could be related to the anti-H. pylori action. Synergism could also underlie C. sylvestris efficacy judging from the fact that the sub-fractions and isolated compounds had lower activity than the extract. Incorporation in a nanostructured lipid system did not improve the activity of the compounds in our in vivo protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Spósito
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Bombarda Oda
- Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Júlia Hunger Vieira
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávio Alexandre Carvalho
- Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rogério Cardoso de Castro
- Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo José Crevelin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - André Gonzaga Santos
- Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Bento da Silva
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Taís Maria Bauab
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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Lhullier C, de Oliveira Tabalipa E, Nienkötter Sardá F, Sandjo LP, Zanchett Schneider NF, Carraro JL, Oliveira Simões CM, Schenkel EP. Clerodane Diterpenes from the Marine Sponge Raspailia bouryesnaultae Collected in South Brazil. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17010057. [PMID: 30654553 PMCID: PMC6356680 DOI: 10.3390/md17010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The marine sponge Raspailia bouryesnaultae, collected in South Brazil, was selected for detailed investigation considering the results of a screening that pointed to an in vitro antiproliferative effect against non-small cells of human lung cancer (A549) and anti-herpes activity against Herpes Simplexvirus type 1 (KOS and 29R strains) of ethanolic extracts. The fractionation and chemical investigation of the sponge’s hexanic fraction led to the isolation and structural elucidation of six clerodane diterpenes. The main component was identified as the already-reported raspailol (1), isolated from a sponge of the same genus collected in New Zealand. The structure of a new diterpene (2) with a rearranged skeleton was established by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and 1D and 2D Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) experiments, and named here as raspadiene. Furthermore, four diterpenes were elucidated as isomers of clerodane diterpenes previously obtained from plants, namely kerlinic acid (3), kerlinic acid methyl ester (4), annonene (5), and 6-hydroxyannonene (6). They differ in their stereochemistry, since these diterpenes are characterized by a trans ring fusion at the decalin moiety and the relative configuration of the two methyl groups at C-8 and C-9 in a cis relationship (type trans/cis). The Raspailia diterpenes have a cis ring fusion at the decalin moiety, and the two methyl groups at C-8 and C-9 are in a trans relationship (type cis/trans). The isolated compounds were evaluated for their potential antiproliferative effects on human cancer cell line A549, and it was observed that the diterpenes bearing a hydroxyl group at C-6 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity, with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values lower than 25 μM. The evaluation of the potential anti-herpes activity against Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1, KOS and 29R strains) showed that the more promising results were observed for the new compound 2, since it inhibited HSV-1 (KOS and 29R strains) replication by 83% and 74%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Lhullier
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil.
| | - Eliane de Oliveira Tabalipa
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Nienkötter Sardá
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil.
| | - Louis Pergaud Sandjo
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil.
| | - Naira Fernanda Zanchett Schneider
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil.
| | - João Luis Carraro
- Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20940-040, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Cláudia Maria Oliveira Simões
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil.
| | - Eloir Paulo Schenkel
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil.
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Carvalho FA, Uchina HS, Borges FA, Oyafuso MH, Herculano RD, Gremião MP, Santos AG. Natural membranes of Hevea brasiliensis latex as delivery system for Casearia sylvestris leaf components. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Santos AL, Yamamoto ES, Passero LFD, Laurenti MD, Martins LF, Lima ML, Uemi M, Soares MG, Lago JHG, Tempone AG, Sartorelli P. Antileishmanial Activity and Immunomodulatory Effects of Tricin Isolated from Leaves of Casearia arborea (Salicaceae). Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [PMID: 28054741 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Bioactivity-guided fractionation of antileishmanial active extract from leaves of Casearia arborea led to isolation of three metabolites: tricin (1), 1',6'-di-O-β-d-vanilloyl glucopyranoside (2) and vanillic acid (3). Compound 1 demonstrated the highest activity against the intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania infantum, with an IC50 value of 56 μm. Tricin (1) demonstrated selectivity in mammalian cells (SI > 7) and elicited immunomodulatory effect on host cells. The present work suggests that tricin modulated the respiratory burst of macrophages to a leishmanicidal state, contributing to the parasite elimination. Therefore, the natural compound tricin could be further explored in drug design studies for leishmaniasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto L Santos
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, n° 275 - Jd. Eldorado, CEP 09972-270, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo S Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, CEP 01246-903, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe D Passero
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n - Parque Bitaru, CEP 11330-900, São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia D Laurenti
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, CEP 01246-903, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ligia F Martins
- Center of Parasitology and Mycology, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 355 - Cerqueira César, CEP 01246-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marta L Lima
- Center of Parasitology and Mycology, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 355 - Cerqueira César, CEP 01246-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,São Paulo Tropical Medicine Institute, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 470, CEP 05403-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Miriam Uemi
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, n° 275 - Jd. Eldorado, CEP 09972-270, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisi G Soares
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700 Centro, CEP 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - João Henrique G Lago
- Center of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, Bairro Santa Terezinha, CEP 09210-580, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil
| | - Andre G Tempone
- Center of Parasitology and Mycology, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 355 - Cerqueira César, CEP 01246-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Sartorelli
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, n° 275 - Jd. Eldorado, CEP 09972-270, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pierri EG, Castro RC, Vizioli EO, Ferreira CM, Cavalheiro AJ, Tininis AG, Chin CM, Santos AG. Anti-inflammatory action of ethanolic extract and clerodane diterpenes from Casearia sylvestris. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Subash-Babu P, Alshammari GM, Ignacimuthu S, Alshatwi AA. Epoxy clerodane diterpene inhibits MCF-7 human breast cancer cell growth by regulating the expression of the functional apoptotic genes Cdkn2A, Rb1, mdm2 and p53. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 87:388-396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Ferreira-Silva GÁ, Lages CCL, Sartorelli P, Hasegawa FR, Soares MG, Ionta M. Casearin D inhibits ERK phosphorylation and induces downregulation of cyclin D1 in HepG2 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 38:27-32. [PMID: 27806920 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a public health problem which represents the second cause of death in the world. In this framework, it is necessary to identify novel compounds with antineoplastic potential. Plants are an important source for discovering novel compounds with pharmacological potential. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antiproliferative potential of isolated compounds from Casearia sylvestris on tumor cell lines. Crude extract effectively reduced cell viability of 4 tumor cell lines (HepG2, A549, U251-MG, and HT-144) after 48h treatment. HepG2 and HT-144 were the most responsive cells. Three fractions (aqueous ethanol, n-hexane and ethyl acetate) were tested against HepG2 and HT-144 cells and we observed that compounds with antiproliferative activity were concentrated in n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions. The casearins A, G and J were isolated from n-hexane fraction, while casearin D was obtained from ethyl acetate fraction. We demonstrated that casearin D significantly inhibited the clonogenic capacity of HepG2 cells after 24h exposure indicating its antiproliferative activity. In addition, G1/S transition cell cycle arrest in HepG2 cells was also observed. These effects are related, at least in part, to ability of the casearin D in reducing ERK phosphorylation and cyclin D1 expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Álvaro Ferreira-Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Carla Carolina Lopes Lages
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Patricia Sartorelli
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia Rie Hasegawa
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Marisi Gomes Soares
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Marisa Ionta
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
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Li R, Morris-Natschke SL, Lee KH. Clerodane diterpenes: sources, structures, and biological activities. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:1166-226. [PMID: 27433555 PMCID: PMC5154363 DOI: 10.1039/c5np00137d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1990 to 2015The clerodane diterpenoids are a widespread class of secondary metabolites and have been found in several hundreds of plant species from various families and in organisms from other taxonomic groups. These substances have attracted interest in recent years due to their notable biological activities, particularly insect antifeedant properties. In addition, the major active clerodanes of Salvia divinorum can be used as novel opioid receptor probes, allowing greater insight into opioid receptor-mediated phenomena, as well as opening additional areas for chemical investigation. This article provides extensive coverage of naturally occurring clerodane diterpenes discovered from 1990 until 2015, and follows up on the 1992 review by Merritt and Ley in this same journal. The distribution, chemotaxonomic significance, chemical structures, and biological activities of clerodane diterpenes are summarized. In the cases where sufficient information is available, structure activity relationship (SAR) correlations and mode of action of active clerodanes have been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongtao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, USA
| | - Susan L. Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, USA
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, USA
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Bueno PCP, Passareli F, Anhesine NB, Torres RB, Cavalheiro AJ. Flavonoids from Casearia sylvestris Swartz variety lingua (Salicaceae). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ferreira PMP, Bezerra DP, Silva JDN, da Costa MP, Ferreira JRDO, Alencar NMN, Figueiredo ISTD, Cavalheiro AJ, Machado CML, Chammas R, Alves APNN, Moraes MOD, Pessoa C. Preclinical anticancer effectiveness of a fraction from Casearia sylvestris and its component Casearin X: in vivo and ex vivo methods and microscopy examinations. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 186:270-279. [PMID: 27067367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Casearia sylvestris (Salicaceae) is found in South America and presents antiulcerogenic, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antihypertensive activities. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the in vivo and ex vivo antitumor action of a fraction with casearins (FC) and its main component - Casearin X-isolated from C. sylvestris leaves. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, Sarcoma 180 bearing Swiss mice were treated with FC and Cas X for 7 days. Secondly, BALB/c nude animals received hollow fibers with colon carcinoma (HCT-116) or glioblastoma (SF-295) cells and were treated with FC for 4 days. On 5th day, proliferation was determined by MTT assay. RESULTS FC 10 and 25mg/kg/day i.p. and 50mg/kg/day oral and Cas X 25mg/kg/day i.p. and 50mg/kg/day oral revealed tumor growth inhibition rates of 35.8, 86.2, 53.7, 90.0 and 65.5% and such tumors demonstrated rare mitoses and coagulation necrosis areas. Similarly, FC reduced multiplying of HCT-116 and SF-295 cells when evaluated by the Hollow Fiber Assay (2.5 and 5mg/kg/day i.p. and 25 and 50mg/kg/day oral), with cell growth inhibition rates ranging from 33.3 to 67.4% (p<0.05). Flow cytometry experiments revealed that FC reduced membrane integrity and induced DNA fragmentation and mitochondrial depolarization (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS FC and Cas X were efficient antitumor substances against murine and human cancer cells and caused reversible morphological changes in liver, kidneys and spleens, emphasizing clerodane diterpenes as an emerging class of anticancer molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
- Laboratory in Experimental Cancerology, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Marcília Pinheiro da Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil; Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - Nylane Maria Nunes Alencar
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | - Camila Maria Longo Machado
- Radioisotopes Research Laboratory, Center for Medical Nuclear, State University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, State University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Manoel Odorico de Moraes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Claudia Pessoa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Moreira da Silva R, Verjee S, de Gaitani CM, Moraes de Oliveira AR, Pires Bueno PC, Cavalheiro AJ, Peporine Lopes N, Butterweck V. Evaluation of the Intestinal Absorption Mechanism of Casearin X in Caco-2 Cells with Modified Carboxylesterase Activity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:1084-1090. [PMID: 26990770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b01139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The clerodane diterpene casearin X (1), isolated from the leaves of Casearia sylvestris, is a potential new drug candidate due to its potent in vitro cytotoxic activity. In this work, the intestinal absorption mechanism of 1 was evaluated using Caco-2 cells with and without active carboxylesterases (CES). An LC-MS method was developed and validated for the quantification of 1. The estimation of permeability coefficients was possible only under CES-inhibited conditions in which 1 is able to cross the Caco-2 cell monolayer. The mechanism is probably by active transport, with no significant efflux, but with a high retention of the compound inside the cells. The enzymatic hydrolysis assay demonstrates the susceptibility of 1 to first-pass metabolism as substrate for specific CES expressed in human intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Moreira da Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo , 14040-903 Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Sheela Verjee
- Institute for Pharma Technology, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland , 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Cristiane Masetto de Gaitani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo , 14040-903 Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Anderson Rodrigo Moraes de Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo , 14040-901 Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Paula Carolina Pires Bueno
- Nucleus of Bioassays, Biosynthesis and Ecophysiology of Natural Products, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University , 14801-970 Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Alberto José Cavalheiro
- Nucleus of Bioassays, Biosynthesis and Ecophysiology of Natural Products, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University , 14801-970 Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Norberto Peporine Lopes
- Nucleus of Research for Natural Products and Synthetics, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo , 14040-903 Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Veronika Butterweck
- Institute for Pharma Technology, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland , 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
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Meesakul P, Ritthiwigrom T, Cheenpracha S, Sripisut T, Maneerat W, Machan T, Laphookhieo S. A New Cytotoxic Clerodane Diterpene from Casearia Graveolens Twigs. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601100105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The first phytochemical investigation of Casearia graveolens twigs led to the isolation and identification of a new clerodane diterpene, caseariagraveolin (1), together with six known compounds (2–7). Their structures were elucidated by intensive analysis of their spectroscopic data. Compound 1 showed strong cytotoxicity against oral cavity and breast cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 2.48 and 6.63 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornphimol Meesakul
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Thunwadee Ritthiwigrom
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Tawanun Sripisut
- School of Cosmetic Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Wisanu Maneerat
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Theeraphan Machan
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Surat Laphookhieo
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
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Ameni AZ, Latorre OA, Torres LMB, Górniak SL. Toxicity study about a medicinal plant Casearia sylvestris: A contribution to the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 175:9-13. [PMID: 26344853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Casearia sylvestris S.w (Salicaceae) is catalogued by the Brazilian Unified Health System as a plant of interest for the Brazilian population with the purpose of treating inflammatory disorders, such as pain and gastrointestinal disorders based on the folk use and some literature about efficacy; however, no toxicological studies concerned the safety of extract fluid of this plant have been reported. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was carried out to evaluate the acute and subchronic toxicity of the hydroethanolic extract fluid (FE) obtained from leaves of C. sylvestris in Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the acute toxicity test three female Wistar rats were treated with a single dose of FE (2000 mg/kg) administered by oral gavage and observed for 14 days in order to identify signs of toxicity or death. In subchronic toxicity study animals received, by daily gavage three doses 60, 120 and 240 mg/kg of the FE of the plant for 28 and 90 days. The animals were observed daily for clinical signs and mortality. Body weight and food consumption were measured weekly and at the end of treatment were analysed hematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters. Also was analysed the cellularity of bone marrow and spleen. Moreover, phytochemical analysis by HPLC-PDA-ESI(+)/MS and CG/MS/EI was carried out to qualify the constituents of the extract. RESULTS The results of acute study indicated that the LD50 is higher than 2000 mg/kg and at 28 and 90 day oral toxicity showed that there were no toxic effects detected in any of the parameters evaluated: body weight and relative organ weight, general behavioral changes, haematological and biochemical parameters and histopathological examination. The analysis by HPLC-PDA-ESI(+)/MS and CG/MS/EI identified the flavonoids rutin, quercetin and luteolin and also chlorogenic on the extract. CONCLUSION Based on this study the hydroethanolic fluid extract of C. sylvestris could be safe even when used over a long period for therapeutic uses proposed by the Brazilian Unified Health System.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Z Ameni
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87. CEP: 05508-270 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - O A Latorre
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87. CEP: 05508-270 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - L M B Torres
- Botanic Institute of São Paulo,Av. Miguel Estéfano, 3687, Água Funda, CEP: 04301-012, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S L Górniak
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87. CEP: 05508-270 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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ARAÚJO ÉVERTONJOSÉFERREIRADE, OLIVEIRA GUILHERMEANTÔNIOLOPESDE, SOUSA LÍVIAQUEIROZDE, BOLZANI VANDERLANDASILVA, CAVALHEIRO ALBERTOJOSÉ, TOME ADRIANADAROCHA, PERON ANAPAULA, SANTOS ANDRÉGONZAGADOS, CITÓ ANTONIAMARIADASGRAÇASLOPES, PESSOA CLÁUDIA, FREITAS RIVELILSONMENDESDE, FERREIRA PAULOMICHELPINHEIRO. Counteracting effects on free radicals and histological alterations induced by a fraction with casearins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 87:1791-807. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201520150149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTCasearia sylvestris Swartz is a medicinal plant widely distributed in Brazil. It has anti-inflammatory, antiulcer and antitumor activities and is popularly used to treat snakebites, wounds, diarrhea, flu and chest colds. Its leaves are rich in oxygenated tricyclic cis-clerodane diterpenes, particulary casearins. Herein, we evaluated the antioxidant activities of a fraction with casearins (FC) isolated from C. sylvestrisand histological changes on the central nervous system and livers of Mus musculus mice. Firstly, in vitro studies (0.9, 1.8, 3.6, 5.4 and 7.2 μg/mL) revealed EC50 values of 3.7, 6.4 and 0.16 µg/mL for nitrite, hydroxyl radical and TBARS levels, respectively. Secondly, FC (2.5, 5, 10 and 25 mg/kg/day) was intraperitoneally administered to Swiss mice for 7 consecutive days. Nitrite levels in the hippocampus (26.2, 27.3, 30.2 and 26.6 µM) and striatum (26.3, 25.4, 34.3 and 27.5 µM) increased in all treated animals (P < 0.05). Lower doses dropped reduced glutathione, catalase and TBARS levels in the hippocampus and striatum. With the exception of this reduction in TBARS formation, FC displayed only in vitro antioxidant activity. Animals exhibited histological alterations suggestive of neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity, indicating the need for precaution regarding the consumption of medicinal formulations based on Casearia sylvestris.
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De Ford C, Calderón C, Sehgal P, Fedosova NU, Murillo R, Olesen C, Nissen P, Møller JV, Merfort I. Discovery of Tricyclic Clerodane Diterpenes as Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase Inhibitors and Structure-Activity Relationships. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:1262-1270. [PMID: 25993619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tricyclic clerodane diterpenes (TCDs) are natural compounds that often show potent cytotoxicity for cancer cells, but their mode of action remains elusive. A computationally based similarity search (CDRUG), combined with principal component analysis (ChemGPS-NP) and docking calculations (GOLD 5.2), suggested TCDs to be inhibitors of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) pump, which is also the target of the sesquiterpene lactone thapsigargin. Biochemical studies were performed with 11 TCDs on purified rabbit skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes, which are highly enriched with the SERCA1a isoform. Casearborin D (2) exhibited the highest affinity, with a KD value of 2 μM and giving rise to complete inhibition of SERCA1a activity. Structure-activity relationships revealed that functionalization of two acyl side chains (R1 and R4) and the hydrophobicity imparted by the aliphatic chain at C-9, as well as a C-3,C-4 double bond, play crucial roles for inhibitory activity. Docking studies also suggested that hydrophobic interactions in the binding site, especially with Phe256 and Phe834, may be important for a strong inhibitory activity of the TCDs. In conclusion, a novel class of SERCA inhibitory compounds is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian De Ford
- †Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- ‡Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19a, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- §Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carlos Calderón
- #Escuela de Química and CIPRONA, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Pankaj Sehgal
- ∥Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- ⊥Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease (PUMPkin), National Research Foundation, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Natalya U Fedosova
- ∥Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- ⊥Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease (PUMPkin), National Research Foundation, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Renato Murillo
- #Escuela de Química and CIPRONA, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Claus Olesen
- ∥Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- ⊥Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease (PUMPkin), National Research Foundation, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Poul Nissen
- ∥Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- ⊥Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease (PUMPkin), National Research Foundation, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jesper V Møller
- ∥Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- ⊥Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease (PUMPkin), National Research Foundation, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Irmgard Merfort
- †Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- ‡Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19a, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- §Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Evaluation of the Effects of Some Brazilian Medicinal Plants on the Production of TNF- α and CCL2 by THP-1 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:497123. [PMID: 25878716 PMCID: PMC4386292 DOI: 10.1155/2015/497123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Several plant species are traditionally used in Brazil to treat various inflammatory diseases. Tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) are key inflammatory mediators in diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis, respectively; nevertheless, only a few extracts have been assayed against these targets. We herein report the effect of 19 plant extracts on TNF-α and CCL2 release by lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated THP-1 cells, a human monocytic leukemia cell line, along with their radical scavenging activity on DPPH. The extracts of Caryocar brasiliense, Casearia sylvestris, Coccoloba cereifera, and Terminalia glabrescens inhibited TNF-α production in a concentration-dependent manner. Fractionation of these extracts potentiated the anti-TNF-α effect, which was shown to concentrate in polar fractions, mainly composed by polyphenols. Significant CCL2 inhibition was elicited by Lippia sidoides and Terminalia glabrescens extracts, whose fractionation resulted in highly active low polar fractions. All assayed extracts showed strong radical scavenging activity, but antioxidant activity did not correlate with inhibition of TNF-α or CCL2 production. Our results allowed identifying extracts with selective capacity to block cytokine production; therefore, further purification of these extracts may yield molecules that could be useful in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Morphological and biochemical alterations activated by antitumor clerodane diterpenes. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 222:112-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Felipe KB, Kviecinski MR, da Silva FO, Bücker NF, Farias MS, Castro LSEPW, de Souza Grinevicius VMA, Motta NS, Correia JFG, Rossi MH, Pedrosa RC. Inhibition of tumor proliferation associated with cell cycle arrest caused by extract and fraction from Casearia sylvestris (Salicaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:1492-1499. [PMID: 25077466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Casearia sylvestris is a tree found in tropical America. In Brazil it is known mainly as Guaçatonga. Literature reports suggest that the leaves and other plant parts have been used by indigenous populations from South America in preparations, mainly aqueous or hydroethanolic macerations or decoctions, most times taken orally for the primary treatment of several diseases, including cancer. AIM OF THE STUDY This article reports the results of an investigation about the antiproliferative effects of Casearia sylvestris on tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. MATERIAL AND METHODS Aqueous ethanolic maceration and column chromatography were done to obtain a crude aqueous ethanolic extract (CAE) and a chloroform fraction (f-CHCl3). The human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was used in culture. In vitro, non-cytotoxic concentrations were determined by MTT assay and the antiproliferative effect was assessed by the colony forming unit assay using non-cytotoxic concentrations. Effects on the cell cycle were observed through flow cytometry using a propidium iodide kit. Casearin C was identified in f-CHCl3 by chromatography and H(1) nuclear magnetic resonance. The effect on some key proteins of DNA damage (phosphorylation on the histone H2AX) and cell cycle control (p53, p16, cdk2) was evaluated through immunoblot. Antiproliferative effects in vivo were measured in tumor tissue from Ehrlich ascites-bearing mice through the (3)H-thymidine uptake assay and the trypan blue exclusion method. RESULTS In vitro, EC50 values found at 24 h on MCF-7 cells were 141 µg/mL for CAE and 66 µg/mL for f-CHCl3. Inhibition on proliferation was recorded at concentrations as low as 4 µg/mL in the case of the f-CHCl3 (up to 40%) and up to 50% when CAE was added at 9 µg/mL. The cell cycle arrest was demonstrated by the reduction in terms of number of cells in phases G2/M and S, up to 38.9% and 51.9% when cells were treated with CAE, and 53.9% and 66.2%, respectively, when cells were treated with f-CHCl3. The number of cells in G1 was increased when the cells were treated with CAE (21.4%) or f-CHCl3 (27.8%). Key proteins of cell cycle control were affected. The treatments caused activation of p53, p16 and DNA damage found by the appearance of bands corresponding to γ-H2AX. The treatments caused inhibition of cdk2. CAE and particularly f-CHCl3 caused significant inhibition on tumor growth in mice (40% and 60%, respectively). Uptake of (3)H-thymidine, thus proliferation was reduced in tumor cells from mice treated with CAE (>30%) or f-CHCl3 (up to 50%) compared to cells from control animals. Data from the trypan blue assay indicating a lower number of tumor cells in treated animals. From the overall, data from this study are in line with the traditional claims for the antitumor effect of Casearia sylvestris. CONCLUSIONS This investigation suggests that whether the extracts from Casearia sylvestris are cytotoxic at high concentrations, lower concentrations have antiproliferative effect and could be useful to complement conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy, and should be evaluated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Bettega Felipe
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Experimental (LABIOEX), Departamento de Bioquímica da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Maicon Roberto Kviecinski
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Experimental (LABIOEX), Departamento de Bioquímica da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Grupo de Desenvolvimento em Tecnologia Farmacêutica (TECFARMA) da Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Ourique da Silva
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Experimental (LABIOEX), Departamento de Bioquímica da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Nádia Falcão Bücker
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Experimental (LABIOEX), Departamento de Bioquímica da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mirelle Sinfroni Farias
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Experimental (LABIOEX), Departamento de Bioquímica da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nadia Sandrini Motta
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Experimental (LABIOEX), Departamento de Bioquímica da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - João Francisco Gomes Correia
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Experimental (LABIOEX), Departamento de Bioquímica da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Rozangela Curi Pedrosa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Experimental (LABIOEX), Departamento de Bioquímica da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Usui K, Kanbe M, Nakada AM. Total Synthesis of (−)-Bucidarasin A Starting from an Original Chiral Building Block. Org Lett 2014; 16:4734-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol502129u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Usui
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Misaki Kanbe
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - and Masahisa Nakada
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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31
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Phase equilibrium data of guaçatonga (Casearia sylvestris) extract+ethanol+CO2 system and encapsulation using a supercritical anti-solvent process. J Supercrit Fluids 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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32
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Antonisamy P, Dhanasekaran M, Ignacimuthu S, Duraipandiyan V, Balthazar JD, Agastian P, Kim JH. Gastroprotective effect of epoxy clerodane diterpene isolated from Tinospora cordifolia Miers (Guduchi) on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:966-969. [PMID: 24680619 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the gastroprotective effect of epoxy clerodane diterpene (ECD), isolated from Tinospora cordifolia on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Administration of indomethacin exhibits extreme levels of ulcer index (UI) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Indomethacin down regulated PGE2, anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) and pro-angiogenic factors (VEGF and EGF). The ECD pretreatment considerably increased the levels of PGE2, anti-inflammatory cytokines and pro-angiogenic factors. The ulcer-healing activity of ECD was inhibited by pre-administration of the specific COX-1 inhibitor (SC560) and nonspecific NOS inhibitor (L-NAME), which indicates the involvement of PGE2 and NOS in ECD induced ulcer healing activity. These findings suggest that ECD exerts its antiulcer activity by reinforcement of defensive elements and diminishing the offensive elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulrayer Antonisamy
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Biosafety Research Institute, 664-14, 1GA, Duckjin-Dong, Duckjin-Gu, Jeonju City, Jeollabuk-Do 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Muniyappan Dhanasekaran
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Veeramuthu Duraipandiyan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box No. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joseph Devadass Balthazar
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Paul Agastian
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Biosafety Research Institute, 664-14, 1GA, Duckjin-Dong, Duckjin-Gu, Jeonju City, Jeollabuk-Do 561-756, Republic of Korea.
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33
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Bou DD, Tempone AG, Pinto ÉG, Lago JHG, Sartorelli P. Antiparasitic activity and effect of casearins isolated from Casearia sylvestris on Leishmania and Trypanosoma cruzi plasma membrane. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:676-681. [PMID: 24560122 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis and Chagas disease are infectious diseases caused by parasite Leishmania sp. and Trypanosoma cruzi, respectively, and are included among the most neglected diseases in several underdeveloped and developing countries, with an urgent demand for new drugs. Considering the antiparasitic potential of MeOH extract from leaves of Casearia sylvestris Sw. (Salicaceae), a bioguided fractionation was conducted and afforded four active clerodane diterpenes (casearins A, B, G, and J). The obtained results indicated a superior efficacy of tested casearins against trypomastigotes of T. cruzi, with IC50 values ranging from 0.53 to 2.77 μg/ml. Leishmania infantum promastigotes were also susceptible to casearins, with IC50 values in a range between 4.45 and 9.48 μg/ml. These substances were also evaluated for mammalian cytotoxicity against NCTC cells resulting in 50% cytotoxic concentrations (CC50) ranging from 1.46 to 13.76 μg/ml. Additionally, the action of casearins on parasite membranes was investigated using the fluorescent probe SYTOX Green. The obtained results demonstrated a strong interaction of casearins A and B to the plasma membrane of T. cruzi parasites, corroborating their higher efficacy against these parasites. In contrast, the tested casearins induced no alteration in the permeability of plasma membrane of Leishmania parasites, suggesting that biochemical differences between Leishmania and T. cruzi plasma membrane might have contributed to the target effect of casearins on trypomastigotes. Thus, considering the importance of studying novel and selective drug candidates against protozoans, casearins A, B, G, and J could be used as tools to future drug design studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Dinis Bou
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 09972-270 Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - André G Tempone
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, 01246-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Érika G Pinto
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, 01246-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, 05403-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Henrique G Lago
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 09972-270 Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Sartorelli
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 09972-270 Diadema, SP, Brazil.
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Calderón C, De Ford C, Castro V, Merfort I, Murillo R. Cytotoxic clerodane diterpenes from Zuelania guidonia. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:455-463. [PMID: 24484281 DOI: 10.1021/np400672g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The leaves of Zuelania guidonia yielded eight new clerodane diterpenes, namely, zuelaguidins A-H (1-8), and the known clerodane diterpene esculentin A (9). Some of these structures contained a 3,6-dihydro-1,2-dioxin moiety. The new compounds were isolated and identified using 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments. All compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against the CCRF-CEM (human acute lymphocytic leukemia), CEM-ADR5000 (human acute lymphocytic leukemia resistant to doxorubicin), and MIA-PaCa-2 (human pancreatic carcinoma) cell lines as well as for their selectivity against peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy human subjects. Zuelaguidins B, C, and E were the most potent compounds against the CCRF-CEM cell line, with IC50 values ranging from 1.6 to 2.5 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Calderón
- Escuela de Quimica and CIPRONA, Universidad de Costa Rica , 2060 San José, Costa Rica
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35
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CLAUDINO JOSIANEC, SACRAMENTO LUISVDO, KOCH INGRID, SANTOS HELENA, CAVALHEIRO ALBERTOJ, TININIS ARISTEUG, SANTOS ANDREGDOS. Evaluation of morpho-anatomical and chemical differences between varieties of the medicinal plant Casearia sylvestris Swartz. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2013; 85:1253-65. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201393812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Casearia sylvestris Swartz (Salicaceae) has been used in traditional medicine and its leaf extracts have been exhibited important pharmacological activities. The species presents morphological, chemical and genetic variation. Two varieties are considered due external morphological differences: C. sylvestris var. sylvestris and var. lingua. There are difficulties in definition of these varieties. The objective of this work is to evaluate chemical and morpho-anatomical differences between C. sylvestris varieties that can be applied in their distinction for pharmaceutical or botanical purposes. Transverse and paradermic sections of leaves were prepared for morpho-anatomical, histochemical and quantitative microscopy (stomatal and palisade index) analyses. Diterpene profiles of the specimens were obtained by HPLC-DAD and TLC. Morpho-anatomical analyses demonstrated significant differences between the varieties only in paradermic sections: var. sylvestris - polygonal epidermic cell walls and hypostomatic; var. lingua - rounded epidermic cell walls and amphistomatic. No differences were observed for stomatal index; palisade index was found 2.8 for var. lingua and 3.9 for var. sylvestris. Chromatographic analyses confirmed previous results demonstrating that diterpene profile in varieties differs, with predominance of these metabolites in var. sylvestris. In conclusion, this work indicates that chromatographic analysis besides morpho-anatomical analysis can be applied in distinction of C. sylvestris varieties.
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36
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Chemical composition and cytotoxicity evaluation of essential oil from leaves of Casearia sylvestris, its main compound α-zingiberene and derivatives. Molecules 2013; 18:9477-87. [PMID: 23966073 PMCID: PMC6269751 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18089477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Casearia sylvestris (Salicaceae), popularly known as “guaçatonga”, is a plant widely used in folk medicine to treat various diseases, including cancer. The present work deals with the chemical composition as well as the cytotoxic evaluation of its essential oil, its main constituent and derivatives. Thus, the crude essential oil from leaves of C. sylvestris was obtained using a Clevenger type apparatus and analyzed by GC/MS. This analysis afforded the identification of 23 substances, 13 of which corresponded to 98.73% of the total oil composition, with sesquiterpene α-zingiberene accounting for 50% of the oil. The essential oil was evaluated for cytotoxic activity against several tumor cell lines, giving IC50 values ranging from 12 to 153 μg/mL. Pure α-zingiberene, isolated from essential oil, was also evaluated against the tumor cell lines showing activity for HeLa, U-87, Siha and HL60 cell lines, but with IC50 values higher than those determined for the crude essential oil. Aiming to evaluate the effect of the double bonds of α-zingiberene on the cytotoxic activity, partially hydrogenated α-zingiberene (PHZ) and fully hydrogenated α-zingiberene (THZ) derivatives were obtained. For the partially hydrogenated derivative only cytotoxic activity to the B16F10-Nex2 cell line (IC50 65μg/mL) was detected, while totally hydrogenated derivative showed cytotoxic activity for almost all cell lines, with B16F10-Nex2 and MCF-7 as exceptions and with IC50 values ranging from 34 to 65 μg/mL. These results indicate that cytotoxic activity is related with the state of oxidation of compound.
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Ferreira PMP, Costa-Lotufo LV, Moraes MO, Barros FW, Martins AM, Cavalheiro AJ, Bolzani VS, Santos AG, Pessoa C. Folk uses and pharmacological properties of Casearia sylvestris: a medicinal review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 83:1373-84. [DOI: 10.1590/s0001-37652011005000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Folk uses and scientific investigations have highlighted the importance of Casearia sylvestris extracts and their relevant bioactive potential. The aim of this work was to review the pharmacological properties of C. sylvestris, emphasizing its anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, anti-ophidian and antitumor potentialities. Ethanolic extracts and essential oil of their leaves have antiulcerogenic activity and reduce gastric volume without altering the stomach pH, which corroborates their consumption on gastrointestinal disorders. Leaf water extracts show phospholipase A2 inhibitory activity that prevents damage effects on the muscular tissue after toxin inoculation. This antiphospholipasic action is probably related to the use as an anti-inflammatory, proposing a pharmacological blockage similar to that obtained with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on arachidonic acid and cyclooxygenase pathways. Bioguided-assay fractionations lead to the identification of secondary metabolites, especially the clerodane diterpenes casearins (A-X) and casearvestrins (A-C), compounds with a remarkable cytotoxic and antitumor action. Therefore, the C. sylvestris shrub holds a known worldwide pharmacological arsenal by its extensive folk utilization, exciting searches for new molecules and a better comprehension about biological properties.
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38
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Vieira-Júnior GM, Dutra LA, Ferreira PMP, de Moraes MO, Costa Lotufo LV, Pessoa CDÓ, Torres RB, Boralle N, Bolzani VDS, Cavalheiro AJ. Cytotoxic clerodane diterpenes from Casearia rupestris. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:776-781. [PMID: 21381705 DOI: 10.1021/np100840w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Four new clerodane diterpenes, casearupestrins A-D (1-4), were isolated from the leaves of Casearia rupestris. Compounds 1 and 4 were acetylated to yield 2,7-di-O-acetylcasearupestrin A (5) and 2,6-di-O-acetylcasearupestrin D (6). All compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against a small panel of human cancer cell lines. Casearupestrin A (1) exhibited the most potent activity against MDA/MB-435 (human melanoma) and SF-295 (human glioblastoma) cells, superior to that of the standard drug doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo M Vieira-Júnior
- Institute of Chemistry, Nucley of Bioassay, Biosynthesis and Ecophysiology of Natural Products (NuBBE), São Paulo State University, UNESP, C.P. 14801-970, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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39
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Laevigatbenzoate from Croton laevigatus Vahl. J Nat Med 2011; 65:391-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-010-0503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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Whitson EL, Thomas CL, Henrich CJ, Sayers TJ, McMahon JB, McKee TC. Clerodane diterpenes from Casearia arguta that act as synergistic TRAIL sensitizers. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2010; 73:2013-8. [PMID: 21067210 PMCID: PMC3058848 DOI: 10.1021/np1004455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Casearia arguta was investigated as part of the ongoing search for synergistic TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-α-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) sensitizers. As a result of this study, argutins A-H, eight new highly oxygenated clerodane diterpenes, were isolated from the plant Casearia arguta collected in Guatemala. The modified Mosher ester method was utilized to establish the absolute configuration of argutins A and F. Each of the argutins showed varying levels of synergy with TRAIL. Argutin B showed the highest TRAIL sensitization; the synergistic effect of argutin B and TRAIL together was 3-fold greater than argutin B alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tawnya C. McKee
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: (301) 846-1943. Fax: (301) 846-6851.
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41
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Ferreira PMP, Santos AG, Tininis AG, Costa PM, Cavalheiro AJ, Bolzani VS, Moraes MO, Costa-Lotufo LV, Montenegro RC, Pessoa C. Casearin X exhibits cytotoxic effects in leukemia cells triggered by apoptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 188:497-504. [PMID: 20816779 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Clerodane diterpenes have demonstrated cytotoxic, antiplasmodial and anti-ulcer properties. In the present work, we determined the cytotoxic effect of casearin L (Cas L), O (Cas O) and X (Cas X) and (-)-hardwickiic acid isolated from Casearia sylvestris leaves, and investigated the underlying mechanisms involved in in vitro cell death induced by Cas X in HL-60 leukemia cells (0.7, 1.5 and 3.0μM). Cytotoxicity tests demonstrated that Cas X was the most active compound studied, showing greater cytotoxic effects against CEM and HL-60 lines (IC(50) of 0.4μM) and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC, IC(50) of 1.2μM). After 24h exposure, Cas X caused a decrease in 5-bromo-20-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation (36.6 and 24.5% labeling at 0.7 and 1.5μM, respectively), reduction in viability, and increase in apoptotic and necrotic leukemia cells in a dose-dependent manner evidenced by the trypan blue and AO/EB (acridine orange/ethidium bromide) assays. Moreover, Cas X-treated cells exhibited nuclear fragmentation and cytoplasmic vacuolization depending on the concentration tested. These characteristics of apoptosis or secondary necrosis were confirmed by flow cytometry which revealed DNA fragmentation, phosphatidylserine externalization, activation of the effector caspases 3/7 and mitochondrial depolarization. We then found evidence that Cas X causes cell death via apoptotic pathways, corroborating the potential of casearins as compounds with promising antitumor-related properties.
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42
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Wang W, Ali Z, Li XC, Khan IA. A New ent-Labdane Diterpene Glycoside from the Leaves of Casearia sylvestris. Nat Prod Commun 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1000500518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sylvestin (1), a new ent-labdane glycoside, was isolated from the leaves of Casearia sylvestris. The structure was determined on the basis of 1D and 2 D NMR and HR-ESI-MS analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Xing-Cong Li
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
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43
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Gonzaga dos Santos A, Pinheiro Ferreira P, Magela Vieira Júnior G, Perez C, Gomes Tininis A, Silva G, da Silva Bolzani V, Veras Costa-Lotufo L, do Ó Pessoa C, Cavalheiro A. Casearin X, Its Degradation Product and Other Clerodane Diterpenes from Leaves ofCasearia sylvestris:Evaluation of Cytotoxicity against Normal and Tumor Human Cells. Chem Biodivers 2010; 7:205-15. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200800342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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44
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Cramer B, Takahata Y. QSAR of Clerodane Diterpenoids with Cytotoxic and Antitumoral Activity Against V-79 Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/qsar.200960038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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45
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Vieira GM, Gonçalves TDO, Regasini LO, Ferreira PMP, Pessoa CDO, Costa Lotufo LV, Torres RB, Boralle N, Bolzani VDS, Cavalheiro AJ. Cytotoxic clerodane diterpenoids from Casearia obliqua. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2009; 72:1847-1850. [PMID: 19788290 DOI: 10.1021/np9004079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A crude bioactive EtOH extract of the twigs of Casearia obliqua afforded two new clerodane diterpenes, caseobliquins A (1) and B (2). Additionally, bioactivity-directed fractionation on a bioactive hexane extract of the leaves from this species led to the isolation of the known clerodane diterpenes rel-6beta-hydroxyzuelanin-2beta-benzoate and rel-2alpha-hydroxyzuelanin-6beta-benzoate (3 and 4) as a mixture and 2beta-hydroxyzuelanin-6beta-cinnamate (5). The structures of the new clerodanes 1 and 2 were established on the basis of their 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data, and the new compound 1 and the known substance 5 had their absolute configurations determined by circular dichroism spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity of several of the compounds isolated was evaluated against a small panel of human tumor cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Magela Vieira
- Institute of Chemistry, Nuclei of Bioassay, Biosynthesis and Ecophysiology of Natural Products (NuBBE), São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil, CP 355, CEP 14801-97
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46
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de Oliveira AM, dos Santos AG, dos Santos RA, Csipak AR, Olivato C, da Silva IC, de Freitas MB, Bassi CL, Cavalheiro AJ, Bolzani VS, Silva DHS, Sakamoto-Hojo ET, Takahashi CS, Soares CP. Ethanolic extract of Casearia sylvestris and its clerodane diterpen (caseargrewiin F) protect against DNA damage at low concentrations and cause DNA damage at high concentrations in mice's blood cells. Mutagenesis 2009; 24:501-6. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gep034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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47
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Dhanasekaran M, Baskar AA, Ignacimuthu S, Agastian P, Duraipandiyan V. Chemopreventive potential of Epoxy clerodane diterpene from Tinospora cordifolia against diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Invest New Drugs 2008; 27:347-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-008-9181-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 09/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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Chen CY, Cheng YB, Chen SY, Chien CT, Kuo YH, Guh JH, Khalil A, Shen YC. New Bioactive Clerodane Diterpenoids from the Roots ofCasearia membranacea. Chem Biodivers 2008; 5:162-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200890007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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49
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de Mattos ES, Frederico MJS, Colle TD, de Pieri DV, Peters RR, Piovezan AP. Evaluation of antinociceptive activity of Casearia sylvestris and possible mechanism of action. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 112:1-6. [PMID: 17399925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2006] [Accepted: 01/22/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The antinociceptive properties of Casearia sylvestris Sw. (Flacourtiaceae) were investigated in various models of pain-related behavior in mice. The hydroalcoholic crude extract of the plant (30-300mg/kg, per os) clearly inhibited nocifensive responses induced by ovalbumin (hindpaw licking) or acetic acid (writhes) in graded fashion. At 300mg/kg, the extract reduced nocifensive behaviors (from 71.1+/-13.3 to 14.8+/-9.3s; from 31.3+/-4.5 to 3.3+/-1.2 writhes, respectively) to similar extents as indomethacin (5mg/kg; 5.7+/-1.1s and 3.3+/-1.2 writhes, respectively). Significant antinociceptive effects in the hot plate test were only detected following administration of the highest extract dose, but this analgesic action appeared to be specific as the extract failed to change motor and exploratory activities. The antinociceptive effect of Casearia sylvestris extract in the acetic acid test was prevented by prior treatment with the non-selective opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (1mg/kg; 5.8+/-4.2 and 31.5+/-3.1 writhes in vehicle-treated and naloxone-treated groups, respectively), indicating that the endogenous opioid system is involved in its analgesic mechanism of action. Thus, our investigation suggests a potential therapeutic benefit of Casearia sylvestris Sw. in treating conditions associated with inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S de Mattos
- Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (Unisul), Curso de Farmácia-Habilitação Análises Clínicas, Grupo de Pesquisas em Produtos Naturais (GRUPNAT), Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Cx. Postal 370, CEP 88704-900, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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de Mesquita ML, Grellier P, Mambu L, de Paula JE, Espindola LS. In vitro antiplasmodial activity of Brazilian Cerrado plants used as traditional remedies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 110:165-70. [PMID: 17097251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2006] [Revised: 08/21/2006] [Accepted: 09/18/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-seven species of native Brazilian Cerrado plants commonly used by traditional healers to treat malaria and other diseases were collected and 204 hexanic and ethanolic extracts were obtained by maceration. The antiplasmodial activity of the extracts was tested in vitro against a chloroquine resistant strain (FcB1) of Plasmodium falciparum, and cytotoxicity against the cell lines L-6 of rats and MRC-5 of human was evaluated. Thirty-two extracts showed significant inhibition rates of Plasmodium falciparum growth and of these six showed cytotoxicity against the cell lines. The strongest antiplasmodial activity was found for the hexanic extracts of Xylopia aromatica root wood (IC(50)=4.7 microg/ml), Xylopia emarginata root bark (IC(50)=4.9 microg/ml), Casearia sylvestris var. lingua leaves, stem wood and stem bark, and root wood and root bark (IC(50) values from 0.9 to 2.3 microg/ml), and Cupania vernalis leaves (IC(50)=0.9 microg/ml); and for the ethanolic extract of Aspidosperma macrocarpon root bark (IC(50)=4.9 microg/ml). However, the best selectivity towards Plasmodium falciparum was observed for the hexanic root bark extract of Matayba guianensis (IC(50) on Plasmodium falciparum=6.1 microg/ml, SI=16.4 for MRC-5) and the ethanolic root bark extract of Aspidosperma macrocarpon (IC(50) on Plasmodium falciparum=4.9 micro/ml, SI=16.2 for MRC-5).
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Affiliation(s)
- M L de Mesquita
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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