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Rattner BA, Bean TG, Beasley VR, Berny P, Eisenreich KM, Elliott JE, Eng ML, Fuchsman PC, King MD, Mateo R, Meyer CB, O'Brien JM, Salice CJ. Wildlife ecological risk assessment in the 21st century: Promising technologies to assess toxicological effects. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2024; 20:725-748. [PMID: 37417421 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in toxicity testing and the development of new approach methodologies (NAMs) for hazard assessment, the ecological risk assessment (ERA) framework for terrestrial wildlife (i.e., air-breathing amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals) has remained unchanged for decades. While survival, growth, and reproductive endpoints derived from whole-animal toxicity tests are central to hazard assessment, nonstandard measures of biological effects at multiple levels of biological organization (e.g., molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, organism, population, community, ecosystem) have the potential to enhance the relevance of prospective and retrospective wildlife ERAs. Other factors (e.g., indirect effects of contaminants on food supplies and infectious disease processes) are influenced by toxicants at individual, population, and community levels, and need to be factored into chemically based risk assessments to enhance the "eco" component of ERAs. Regulatory and logistical challenges often relegate such nonstandard endpoints and indirect effects to postregistration evaluations of pesticides and industrial chemicals and contaminated site evaluations. While NAMs are being developed, to date, their applications in ERAs focused on wildlife have been limited. No single magic tool or model will address all uncertainties in hazard assessment. Modernizing wildlife ERAs will likely entail combinations of laboratory- and field-derived data at multiple levels of biological organization, knowledge collection solutions (e.g., systematic review, adverse outcome pathway frameworks), and inferential methods that facilitate integrations and risk estimations focused on species, populations, interspecific extrapolations, and ecosystem services modeling, with less dependence on whole-animal data and simple hazard ratios. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:725-748. © 2023 His Majesty the King in Right of Canada and The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC). Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Environment and Climate Change Canada. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnett A Rattner
- US Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Val R Beasley
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Karen M Eisenreich
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - John E Elliott
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Delta, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Margaret L Eng
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Mason D King
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Jason M O'Brien
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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de Albuquerque Vita N, Rodrigues de Souza I, Di Pietro Micali Canavez A, Brohem CA, Cristine Marios Ferreira Pinto D, Schuck DC, Leme DM, Lorencini M. The development and application of a novel hazard scoring tool for assessing impacts of cosmetic ingredients on aquatic ecosystems: A case study of rinse-off cosmetics. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2023; 19:1619-1635. [PMID: 36919679 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The cosmetic industry has been committed to promoting less hazardous products to reduce the environmental impacts of cosmetic ingredients. This requires identifying safer cosmetic ingredients for developing cosmetic formulations that are less harmful to the environment. However, one of the challenges in developing eco-friendly cosmetics relies on integrating all environmental hazard (EH) information of cosmetic ingredients to select the most eco-friendly ones (i.e., ingredients least harmful to the aquatic environment). Thus, we developed a hazard scoring tool (IARA matrix), which integrates data on biodegradation, bioaccumulation, and acute aquatic toxicity, providing a hazard index to classify cosmetic ingredients (raw materials) into categories of EH (low, moderate, high, or very high). The classification of the IARA was based on parameters established by Cradle to Cradle (C2C), the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), and European Regulation 1272/2008, considering the most conservative values of each source. The Leopold matrix was employed as a model for the tool, using a numerical scale from 0 to 6 (lowest to highest EH). According to the IARA, we have successfully demonstrated that ultraviolet (UV) filter ingredients have the highest EH out of 41 cosmetic ingredients commonly used for rinse-off products. In addition to UV filters, triclosan (bactericide) and dimethicone (emollient) presented the second-highest EH for aquatic ecosystems, and humectants presented the lowest hazard index. By applying the IARA in the case study of rinse-off products, we have estimated that the aquatic hazard of cosmetic products can be reduced 46% by identifying less hazardous ingredients and combining them into a cosmetic formulation. In summary, the IARA tool allows the estimation of the EH of cosmetic ingredients, provides safer products, and helps achieve sustainability for cosmetic products. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:1619-1635. © 2023 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália de Albuquerque Vita
- Grupo Boticário, Safety of Product Department, São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil
- Graduate Program, Masters in Industrial Biotechnology, Positivo University (Universidade Positivo), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carla A Brohem
- Grupo Boticário, Safety of Product Department, São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Márcio Lorencini
- Grupo Boticário, Safety of Product Department, São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil
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Rafieian-Naeini HR, Zhandi M, Sadeghi M, Yousefi AR, Benson AP. Effects of coenzyme Q10 on reproductive performance of laying Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) under cadmium challenge. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101418. [PMID: 34600273 PMCID: PMC8531857 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese quail is an increasingly important bird of economic importance for commercial egg and meat production, particularly in developing countries. There is a need for research aimed at improving efficiency of these birds during stressful challenges, such as oxidative stress. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a highly functional antioxidant, protects cells against oxidative stress. This study was conducted to determine the effects of CoQ10 on reproductive performance of Japanese quail under cadmium (Cd) challenge. A total of 216 six-wk-old Japanese quail were randomly allocated into 3 groups for an 8 wk experimental trial. The treatments include a negative control (NC): feeding basal diet; a positive control (PC): feeding basal diet and cadmium administration (1 mg/100 g BW, at 10 and 11 wk of age), and (CdQ10): feeding CoQ10 supplemented (900 mg/kg diet) basal diet and Cd administration. At 11 and 13 wk of age, egg production, body weight, mortality, oviduct, and ovarian biometry, were recorded. Histology and histopathology of isthmus and magnum, fertility, hatchability, hatchling quality, and HSP70 mRNA transcript abundance in the utero-vaginal junction (UVJ) were evaluated. Positive control and CdQ10 group had no significant effect on live body weight, stroma weight, follicle size, hatchability, and fertility; however, Cd administration increased (P < 0.01) mortality rate in the PC group compared to the NC and CdQ10 groups. CdQ10 quail produced more eggs and had a higher hatchling quality compared to the PC group (P < 0.01). The thickness and height of isthmus and magnum folds in the CdQ10 group was increased compared to the PC group (P < 0.01) and overall oviduct weight was increased with CoQ10 supplementation (P < 0.01). Compared to PC, the CdQ10 group had a reduction in infiltration of inflammatory cells. Relative abundance of HSP70 mRNA in UVJ was influenced by interactive effect of treatment × time (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of CoQ10 showed beneficial effects on some reproduction characteristics of female Japanese quail under Cd-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Rafieian-Naeini
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Alborz, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahdi Zhandi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Alborz, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Sadeghi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Alborz, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Yousefi
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Animals, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Andrew Parks Benson
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2772, USA
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Wang Y, Wang HS. Bisphenol A affects the pulse rate of Lumbriculus variegatus via an estrogenic mechanism. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 248:109105. [PMID: 34119654 PMCID: PMC8373826 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Invertebrates are recognized as important species in endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) testing. However, it is poorly understood whether the effects of EDCs in invertebrates are mediated by hormonal mechanisms. Previously, we showed that bisphenol A (BPA) affected the physiology of the freshwater oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus. In the present study, we examined the mechanism of the impact of BPA on L. variegatus, using pulse rate of the dorsal blood vessel (DBV) as an endpoint. Both long term and acute exposures to BPA increased the pulsing rate of DBV. The former had a distinct inverted-U dose response relationship with a most efficacious dose of 10-9 M, which increased the pulse rate from 8.97 to 10.9 beats/min. The effects of BPA were mimicked by the synthetic estrogen ethinylestradiol with a most efficacious dose of 10-12 M. Interestingly E2 had no effect on pulsing rate, either acute or long term. The sensitivity of L. variegatus to estrogens were exquisite, with detectable effects at 10-14 to 10-10 M range. Both the long term and acute effects of BPA were partially or fully blocked by various vertebrate estrogen receptor (ER) antagonists, including ICI 182,780, MPP and G15. Our results suggest that the impact of BPA on pulsing rate of L. variegatus is likely mediated by an estrogenic mechanism instead of general toxicity. The exceptionally high sensitivity of L. variegatus to some estrogens makes it a possible tool for estrogenic EDC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Wang
- Hefei No. 8 High School, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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PFAS Degradation in Ultrapure and Groundwater Using Non-Thermal Plasma. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040924. [PMID: 33572434 PMCID: PMC7916234 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) represent one of the most recalcitrant class of compounds of emerging concern and their removal from water is a challenging goal. In this study, we investigated the removal efficiency of three selected PFAS from water, namely, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) and pefluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) using a custom-built non-thermal plasma generator. A modified full factorial design (with 2 levels, 3 variables and the central point in which both quadratic terms and interactions between couple of variables were considered) was used to investigate the effect of plasma discharge frequency, distance between the electrodes and water conductivity on treatment efficiency. Then, the plasma treatment running on optimized conditions was used to degrade PFAS at ppb level both individually and in mixture, in ultrapure and groundwater matrices. PFOS 1 ppb exhibited the best degradation reaching complete removal after 30 min of treatment in both water matrices (first order rate constant 0.107 min-1 in ultrapure water and 0.0633 min-1 in groundwater), while the degradation rate of PFOA and PFHxA was slower of around 65% and 83%, respectively. During plasma treatment, the production of reactive species in the liquid phase (hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide) and in the gas phase (ozone, NOx) was investigated. Particular attention was dedicated to the nitrogen balance in solution where, following to NOx hydrolysis, total nitrogen (TN) was accumulated at the rate of up to 40 mgN L-1 h-1.
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Endocrine disruptors in teleosts: Evaluating environmental risks and biomarkers. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Medvedev AV, Medvedeva LA, Martsen E, Moeser M, Gorman KL, Lin B, Blackwell B, Villeneuve DL, Houck KA, Crofton KM, Makarov SS. Harmonized Cross-Species Assessment of Endocrine and Metabolic Disruptors by Ecotox FACTORIAL Assay. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:12142-12153. [PMID: 32901485 PMCID: PMC11285471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution is a threat to humans and wildlife species. Of particular concern are endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). An important target of EDCs is nuclear receptors (NRs) that control endocrine and metabolic responses through transcriptional regulation. Owing in part to structural differences of NRs, adverse effects of EDCs vary significantly among species. Here, we describe a multiplexed reporter assay (the Ecotox FACTORIAL) enabling parallel assessment of compounds' effects on estrogen, androgen, thyroid, and PPARγ receptors of representative mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. The Ecotox FACTORIAL is a single-well assay comprising a set of species-specific, one-hybrid GAL4-NR reporter constructs transiently transfected into test cells. To harmonize cross-species assessments, we used a combination of two approaches. First, we used the same type of test cells for all reporters; second, we implemented a parallel detection of reporter RNAs. The assay demonstrated excellent quality, reproducibility, and insignificant intra-assay variability. Importantly, the EC50 values for NR ligands were consistent with those reported for conventional assays. Using the assay allowed ranking the hazard potential of environmental pollutants (e.g., bisphenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and synthetic progestins) across species. Furthermore, the assay permitted detecting taxa-specific effects of surface water samples. Therefore, the Ecotox FACTORIAL enables harmonized assessment of the endocrine and metabolic disrupting activity of chemicals and surface water in humans as well as in wildlife species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Brett Blackwell
- US Environmental Protection Agency Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN 55804
| | - Daniel L. Villeneuve
- US Environmental Protection Agency Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN 55804
| | - Keith A. Houck
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
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Celino-Brady FT, Lerner DT, Seale AP. Experimental Approaches for Characterizing the Endocrine-Disrupting Effects of Environmental Chemicals in Fish. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:619361. [PMID: 33716955 PMCID: PMC7947849 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.619361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing industrial and agricultural activities have led to a disturbing increase of pollutant discharges into the environment. Most of these pollutants can induce short-term, sustained or delayed impacts on developmental, physiological, and behavioral processes that are often regulated by the endocrine system in vertebrates, including fish, thus they are termed endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Physiological impacts resulting from the exposure of these vertebrates to EDCs include abnormalities in growth and reproductive development, as many of the prevalent chemicals are capable of binding the receptors to sex steroid hormones. The approaches employed to investigate the action and impact of EDCs is largely dependent on the specific life history and habitat of each species, and the type of chemical that organisms are exposed to. Aquatic vertebrates, such as fish, are among the first organisms to be affected by waterborne EDCs, an attribute that has justified their wide-spread use as sentinel species. Many fish species are exposed to these chemicals in the wild, for either short or prolonged periods as larvae, adults, or both, thus, studies are typically designed to focus on either acute or chronic exposure at distinct developmental stages. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the approaches and experimental methods commonly used to characterize the effects of some of the environmentally prevalent and emerging EDCs, including 17 α-ethinylestradiol, nonylphenol, BPA, phthalates, and arsenic; and the pervasive and potential carriers of EDCs, microplastics, on reproduction and growth. In vivo and in vitro studies are designed and employed to elucidate the direct effects of EDCs at the organismal and cellular levels, respectively. In silico approaches, on the other hand, comprise computational methods that have been more recently applied with the potential to replace extensive in vitro screening of EDCs. These approaches are discussed in light of model species, age and duration of EDC exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritzie T. Celino-Brady
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Darren T. Lerner
- University of Hawai’i Sea Grant College Program, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Andre P. Seale
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- *Correspondence: Andre P. Seale,
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Balaguer P, Delfosse V, Grimaldi M, Bourguet W. Structural and functional evidences for the interactions between nuclear hormone receptors and endocrine disruptors at low doses. C R Biol 2018; 340:414-420. [PMID: 29126514 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) represent a broad class of exogenous substances that cause adverse effects in the endocrine system mainly by interacting with nuclear hormone receptors (NRs). Humans are generally exposed to low doses of pollutants, and current researches aim at deciphering the mechanisms accounting for the health impact of EDCs at environmental concentrations. Our correlative analysis of structural, interaction and cell-based data has revealed a variety of, sometimes unexpected, binding modes, reflecting a wide range of EDC affinities and specificities. Here, we present a few representative examples to illustrate various means by which EDCs achieve high-affinity binding to NRs. These examples include the binding of the mycoestrogen α-zearalanol to estrogen receptors, the covalent interaction of organotins with the retinoid X- and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, and the cooperative binding of two chemicals to the pregnane X receptor. We also discuss some hypotheses that could further explain low-concentration effects of EDCs with weaker affinity towards NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Balaguer
- Institut de recherche en cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), 34298 Montpellier, France; Inserm, U1194, 34298 Montpellier, France; Institut régional du cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France.
| | - Vanessa Delfosse
- Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; Inserm U1054, 34090 Montpellier, France; CNRS UMR5048, Centre de biochimie structurale, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Marina Grimaldi
- Institut de recherche en cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), 34298 Montpellier, France; Inserm, U1194, 34298 Montpellier, France; Institut régional du cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - William Bourguet
- Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; Inserm U1054, 34090 Montpellier, France; CNRS UMR5048, Centre de biochimie structurale, 34090 Montpellier, France
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Vought V, Wang HS. Impact of common environmental chemicals bisphenol A and bisphenol S on the physiology of Lumbriculus variegatus. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 60:225-229. [PMID: 29763883 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a component of polycarbonate plastics and a near ubiquitous environmental endocrine disrupting chemical. Bisphenol S (BPS), a substitute of BPA, is also hormonally active. This study examines the effects of aqueous exposure to BPA and BPS on the freshwater annelids Lumbriculus variegatus, a keystone species in shallow water ecosystems. Both BPA and BPS, at both low dose (10-9 M) and high dose (10-6 M), retarded the initial phase of body regrowth after cutting/fragmentation, which is the main mode of reproduction of L. variegatus. Both acute and five day exposure to BPA and BPS increased pulse rate of the dorsal blood vessel. For all the measured endpoints, the effects of BPA and BPS were nearly indistinguishable. These results indicate that BPA and BPS have similar and significant effects on the physiology of L. variegatus. These findings have implication for the potential impact of these bisphenols on invertebrates in the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong-Sheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
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Leveraging Big Data Tools and Technologies: Addressing the Challenges of the Water Quality Sector. SUSTAINABILITY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/su9122160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Verbanck M, Canouil M, Leloire A, Dhennin V, Coumoul X, Yengo L, Froguel P, Poulain-Godefroy O. Low-dose exposure to bisphenols A, F and S of human primary adipocyte impacts coding and non-coding RNA profiles. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28628672 PMCID: PMC5476258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure has been suspected to be associated with deleterious effects on health including obesity and metabolically-linked diseases. Although bisphenols F (BPF) and S (BPS) are BPA structural analogs commonly used in many marketed products as a replacement for BPA, only sparse toxicological data are available yet. Our objective was to comprehensively characterize bisphenols gene targets in a human primary adipocyte model, in order to determine whether they may induce cellular dysfunction, using chronic exposure at two concentrations: a “low-dose” similar to the dose usually encountered in human biological fluids and a higher dose. Therefore, BPA, BPF and BPS have been added at 10 nM or 10 μM during the differentiation of human primary adipocytes from subcutaneous fat of three non-diabetic Caucasian female patients. Gene expression (mRNA/lncRNA) arrays and microRNA arrays, have been used to assess coding and non-coding RNA changes. We detected significantly deregulated mRNA/lncRNA and miRNA at low and high doses. Enrichment in “cancer” and “organismal injury and abnormalities” related pathways was found in response to the three products. Some long intergenic non-coding RNAs and small nucleolar RNAs were differentially expressed suggesting that bisphenols may also activate multiple cellular processes and epigenetic modifications. The analysis of upstream regulators of deregulated genes highlighted hormones or hormone-like chemicals suggesting that BPS and BPF can be suspected to interfere, just like BPA, with hormonal regulation and have to be considered as endocrine disruptors. All these results suggest that as BPA, its substitutes BPS and BPF should be used with the same restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Verbanck
- University Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199—EGID, Lille, France
| | - Mickaël Canouil
- University Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199—EGID, Lille, France
| | - Audrey Leloire
- University Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199—EGID, Lille, France
| | - Véronique Dhennin
- University Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199—EGID, Lille, France
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation cellulaire, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, ComUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Loïc Yengo
- University Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199—EGID, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Froguel
- University Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199—EGID, Lille, France
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (PF); (OP)
| | - Odile Poulain-Godefroy
- University Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199—EGID, Lille, France
- * E-mail: (PF); (OP)
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Park CJ, Gye MC. Sensitization of vitellogenin gene expression by low doses of octylphenol is mediated by estrogen receptor autoregulation in the Bombina orientalis (Boulenger) male liver. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 156:191-200. [PMID: 25248154 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which alkylphenols disrupt endocrine function in wild amphibians in Korea. To this end, the effects of 4-tert-octylphenol (OP), 17β-estradiol (E2), and estrogen receptor (ER) agonists on the expression profiles of vitellogenin (VTG) and ERs were examined in livers obtained from male Bombina orientalis toads. A single injection of E2 (10μg/kg; 0.03μmol/kg) induced transcription of VTG mRNA at 2 days post injection; however, injection of either the ERα-selective agonist propyl-(1H)-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl-trisphenol (PPT, 50μg/kg; 0.12μmol/kg) or the ERβ-selective agonist 2,3-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile (DPN, 50μg/kg; 0.20μmol/kg) did not affect the expression of VTG. This finding suggests that both ERα and ERβ are required to induce transcription of VTG in the male B. orientalis liver. Interestingly, E2, PPT, and DPN induced transcription of ERα, which was also reflected on the protein level; however, these alkylphenols did not affect ERβ transcription. Similarly, VTG transcription was induced by a single injection of 1-100mg/kg (0.04-484.66μmol/kg) OP, while 0.1mg/kg (0.48μmol/kg) OP had no effect on VTG transcription. This result suggests that the lowest observable effect concentration (LOEC) of OP for induction of VTG transcription in the male liver is 1mg/kg (4.84μmol/kg). Furthermore, treatment with E2 (10μg/kg; 0.03μmol/kg) or OP (1mg/kg; 4.84μmol/kg) significantly upregulated ERα transcription, and a 10mg/kg (48.46μmol/kg) dose of OP significantly upregulated ERβ transcription. The ER antagonist ICI 182,780 decreased the basal levels of ERα and ERβ mRNA, and also prevented E2-mediated and OP-mediated induction of VTG, ERα, and ERβ transcription. A second injection of 0.1mg/kg (0.48μmol/kg) OP after a two-day interval significantly upregulated the transcription of VTG and ERα, but not of ERβ. These results suggest that sensitization of VTG transcription by repeated exposure to OP is mediated by the induction of ERα. Different combinations of alkylphenols that are ubiquitous in the freshwater system in Korea could potentially exert a synergistic effect on endocrine disruption. Thus, chronic exposure to alkylphenols, even at their NOECs, could still disrupt endocrine function in B. orientalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Jin Park
- Department of Life Science and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Myung Chan Gye
- Department of Life Science and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea.
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14
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Hazlerigg CR, Tyler CR, Lorenzen K, Wheeler JR, Thorbek P. Population relevance of toxicant mediated changes in sex ratio in fish: An assessment using an individual-based zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. Ecol Modell 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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15
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Sun Y, Huang H, Sun Y, Wang C, Shi XL, Hu HY, Kameya T, Fujie K. Ecological risk of estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals in sewage plant effluent and reclaimed water. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 180:339-344. [PMID: 23735815 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The long-term ecological risk of micropollutants, especially endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has threatened reclaimed water quality. In this study, estrogenic activity and ecological risk of eight typical estrogenic EDCs in effluents from sewage plants were evaluated. The estrogenic activity analysis showed that steroidal estrogens had the highest estrogenic activity (ranged from 10(-1) to 10(3) ng-E2/L), phenolic compounds showed weaker estrogenic activity (mainly ranged from 10(-3) to 10 ng-E2/L), and phthalate esters were negligible. The ecological risk of the estrogenic EDCs which was characterized by risk quotient ranged from 10(-4) to 10(3), with an order in descending: steroids estrogens, phenolic compounds and phthalate esters. The eight estrogenic EDCs were scored and sorted based on the comparison of the estrogenic activity and the ecological risk, suggesting that 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2), estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) should be the priority EDCs to control in municipal sewage plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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16
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Hoffmann F, Kloas W. The antiestrogens tamoxifen and fulvestrant abolish estrogenic impacts of 17α-ethinylestradiol on male calling behavior of Xenopus laevis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44715. [PMID: 23028589 PMCID: PMC3445530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Various synthetic chemicals released to the environment can interfere with the endocrine system of vertebrates. Many of these endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) exhibit estrogenic activity and can interfere with sexual development and reproductive physiology. More recently, also chemicals with different modes of action (MOAs), such as antiestrogenic, androgenic and antiandrogenic EDCs, have been shown to be present in the environment. However, to date EDC-research primarily focuses on exposure to EDCs with just one MOA, while studies examining the effects of simultaneous exposure to EDCs with different MOAs are rare, although they would reflect more real, natural exposure situations. In the present study the combined effects of estrogenic and antiestrogenic EDCs were assessed by analyzing the calling behavior of short-term exposed male Xenopus laevis. The estrogenic 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), and the antiestrogenic EDCs tamoxifen (TAM) and fulvestrant (ICI) were used as model substances. As previously demonstrated, sole EE2 exposure (10-10 M) resulted in significant alterations of the male calling behavior, including altered temporal and spectral parameters of the advertisement calls. Sole TAM (10-7 M, 10-8 M, 10-10 M) or ICI (10-7 M) exposure, on the other hand, did not affect any of the measured parameters. If frogs were co-exposed to EE2 (10-10 M) and TAM (10-7 M) the effects of EE2 on some parameters were abolished, but co-exposure to EE2 and ICI (10-7 M) neutralized all estrogenic effects. Thus, although EDCs with antiestrogenic MOA might not exhibit any effects per se, they can alter the estrogenic effects of EE2. Our observations demonstrate that there is need to further investigate the combined effects of EDCs with various, not only opposing, MOAs as this would reflect realistic wildlife situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Hoffmann
- Department of Ecophysiology and Aquaculture, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany.
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17
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Hoffmann F, Kloas W. Effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of the xeno-androgen, methyldihydrotestosterone, on male and female mating behavior in Xenopus laevis. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 87:1246-1253. [PMID: 22342339 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are well known to interfere with the hormone system of aquatic vertebrates and to affect their reproductive biology. 17α-Methyldihydrotestosterone (MDHT) is a widely used model compound for the assessment of androgenic EDCs, because it binds with high affinity to nuclear androgen receptors. It was previously shown to affect various aspects of reproductive biology in aquatic vertebrates, however, evidence for MDHT affecting mating behavior of aquatic vertebrate species is lacking. In order to test the assumption that MDHT affects reproductive behavior of aquatic vertebrates, we exposed male and female Xenopuslaevis to three environmentally relevant concentrations of MDHT (30.45 ng L(-1), 3.05 μg L(-1) and 30.45 μg L(-1)). In males, MDHT at all concentrations led to enhanced levels of advertisement calling and decreased the relative proportions of rasping, a call type characterizing a sexually unaroused state of the male, indicating an increase in sexual arousal of MDHT exposed males. Temporal and spectral parameters of the advertisement call itself, however, were not affected by MDHT exposure. In females, MDHT (30.45 ng L(-1)) did not have any effects, while MDHT at 3.05 μg L(-1) increased female receptivity, increased the duration of time females spent close to the speaker playing male advertisement calls and reduced their latency to respond. MDHT at 30.45 μg L(-1), on the other hand, decreased female receptivity and increased their latency to respond. In summary, this study illustrates that exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of the androgenic EDC MDHT affects male and female mating behavior of X. laevis. Hence, we suggest that nonaromatizable androgens might play a direct and predominant role in the physiology and regulation of reproduction not only in male but also in female frogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Hoffmann
- Department of Ecophysiology and Aquaculture, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany.
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18
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Oshima A, Yamashita R, Nakamura K, Wada M, Shibuya K. In ovo exposure to nonylphenol and bisphenol A resulted in dose-independent feminization of male gonads in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2012; 31:1091-1097. [PMID: 22447559 DOI: 10.1002/etc.1787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Sex reversal effects of nonylphenol and bisphenol A on the gonads in F(1) (AWE × WE) Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) embryos were investigated using an in vivo screening model developed previously. The F(1) (AWE × WE) Japanese quail are a useful avian model because sex differentiation is confirmed by the plumage color before hatching, ruled by a criss-cross inheritance. The nonylphenol at 200, 2,000, 20,000, and 200,000 ng/egg and bisphenol A at 20, 200, 2,000, and 20,000 ng/egg were injected into the egg white just before incubation. At 16 d of incubation, embryos were subjected to a complete necropsy, and their gonads were both grossly observed and examined histopathologically and morphometrically. Grossly, genetic sex was confirmed because plumage color coincided completely with the external sex phenotype of the gonads in all embryos. Histopathologically, feminization of the male gonad, called ovotestis, developed in the left testis in all nonylphenol- and bisphenol A-treated groups. The incidence of the lesion in all treated groups was significantly higher than that in the control group, whereas there were no dose-dependent changes in the incidence and area of the ovotestis in both nonylphenol- and bisphenol A-treated groups. The present study revealed that nonylphenol and bisphenol A have a dose-independent potential of ovotestis induction in the Japanese quail embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Oshima
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Ome, Tokyo, Japan.
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Sayed AEDH, Mahmoud UM, Mekkawy IA. Reproductive biomarkers to identify endocrine disruption in Clarias gariepinus exposed to 4-nonylphenol. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 78:310-9. [PMID: 22177982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the hormones concentrations and gonads alterations of Clarias gariepinus caused by sublethel concentrations of 4-nonylphenol (0, 0.05, 0.08 and 0.1 mg/l). The changes in the activities of the hormones after exposure to these sublethel doses of 4-nonylpenol referred to endocrine disruption in Clarias gariepinus in association with histopathological changes in reproductive tissues. The levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), total thyroxine (T4), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone concentrations significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the treated fish in comparison with control. 17-β-estradiol increased significantly (P<0.05) with 4-nonylphenol concentrations increase. Reduction in the gonadosomatic index was evident with increase of sublethal doses of 4-nonylphenol. The histopathological changes of NP-treated were recorded in gonads of Clarias gariepinus reflecting their sensitivity to NP-estrogenic like effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt.
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20
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Abstract
Few studies have examined the underlying hormonal mechanisms that mediate reproductive cyclicity, male pregnancy and reproductive behaviour in syngnathids. Progress in these areas has been hampered by the small size of most species in the family and a lack of validated techniques for assessing endocrine function. Research on a relatively small number of species has suggested that androgens are likely regulators of spermatogenesis and the development of the male brood pouch prior to pregnancy whereas prolactin and corticosteroids synergistically promote brood pouch function during pregnancy. No evidence supports a reversal of reproductive steroid hormone function in sex-role reversed behaviour, but neuropeptides such as arginine vasotocin or isotocin should be examined for their role in regulating parturition and mating behaviour. The diversity of reproductive patterns exhibited by syngnathids suggests that they will provide a unique opportunity to assess how hormonal regulation of integumentary function, gametogenesis and reproductive behaviour have evolved within a teleost lineage. Additionally, their coastal distribution and embryo retention make them potentially important subjects for studies on the effect of endocrine disruption on fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Scobell
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 3258 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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21
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Panzica GC, Bo E, Martini MA, Miceli D, Mura E, Viglietti-Panzica C, Gotti S. Neuropeptides and enzymes are targets for the action of endocrine disrupting chemicals in the vertebrate brain. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2011; 14:449-72. [PMID: 21790321 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2011.578562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) are molecules that interfere with endocrine signaling pathways and produce adverse consequences on animal and human physiology, such as infertility or behavioral alterations. Some EDC act through binding to androgen or/and estrogen receptors primarily operating through a genomic mechanism regulating gene expression. This mechanism of action may induce profound developmental adverse effects, and the major targets of the EDC action are the gene products, i.e., mRNAs inducing the synthesis of various peptidic molecules, which include neuropeptides and enzymes related to neurotransmitters syntheses. Available immunohistochemical data on some of the systems that are affected by EDC in lower and higher vertebrates are detailed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Panzica
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Anatomy, Pharmacology, and Forensic Medicine, Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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22
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Bosker T, Hewitt LM, Munkittrick KR, MacLatchy DL. Validation of a refined short-term adult fish reproductive test with improved power for mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) to test complex effluents. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:1596-1601. [PMID: 20708267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Revised: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 07/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Short-term adult fish reproductive tests are widely used to assess the toxicity of chemicals and waste streams. However, these tests often have low power to detect differences in egg production among treatments, due to high variance and small sample sizes, limiting their effectiveness for informing regulatory decisions. A protocol for a fish reproductive test using mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) was refined to increase statistical power. Three studies using the original protocol were compared with three studies using the refined protocol. Tank pre-selection and sample size increased the a priori power from 11.2% to 85.7%. After exposure, average power levels were 62.0%, a more than five-fold increase compared to studies that used the original protocol (power of 15.0%). There was a high level of consistency compared to the original protocol; differences >33% in female and male gonad size and egg production could be detected among treatments. This study demonstrates that a refinement process can address shortcomings in short-term adult fish reproductive protocols, creating a solid foundation for further standardization and possible regulatory use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Bosker
- Department of Biology and Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada.
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23
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Hoffmann F, Kloas W. An environmentally relevant endocrine-disrupting antiandrogen, vinclozolin, affects calling behavior of male Xenopus laevis. Horm Behav 2010; 58:653-9. [PMID: 20600051 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Revised: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vinclozolin (VIN) is an antiandrogenic model substance as well as a common fungicide that can affect the endocrine system of vertebrates. The objective of this study was to investigate how VIN affects mate calling behavior of South African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) and whether it is effective at environmentally relevant concentrations. Male X. laevis were injected with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to stimulate their androgen-controlled mate calling behavior and were treated with VIN at concentrations of 10(-6), 10(-8) and 10(-10)M. VIN at 10(-6)M reduced calling activity. Furthermore, the vocalization composition of VIN-treated X. laevis was altered. The call types advertisement calls and chirping are uttered by reproductively active males, whereas the call types growling, ticking, and rasping indicate a sexually unaroused state of a male. VIN at any of the tested concentrations led to a decrease in utterance of calls, which indicate a sexually aroused state of the males, and an increase in relative proportions of calls, indicating a sexually unaroused state of the males. Additionally, the mean duration of clicks and the number of accentuated clicks during the advertisement calls decreased at all concentrations of VIN. No significant differences were observed in any other temporal or spectral calling parameters between the treatments. This study illustrates that exposure to the antiandrogen VIN might result in a reduced reproductive success by altering mate calling behavior of X. laevis. Moreover, it suggests that the behavioral parameters examined in this study can be used as sensitive biomarkers for detecting antiandrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds in amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Hoffmann
- Department of Ecophysiology and Aquaculture, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, Berlin, Germany.
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Han S, Choi K, Kim J, Ji K, Kim S, Ahn B, Yun J, Choi K, Khim JS, Zhang X, Giesy JP. Endocrine disruption and consequences of chronic exposure to ibuprofen in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) and freshwater cladocerans Daphnia magna and Moina macrocopa. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2010; 98:256-264. [PMID: 20236711 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite frequent detection of ibuprofen in aquatic environments, the hazards associated with long-term exposure to ibuprofen have seldom been investigated. Ibuprofen is suspected of influencing sex steroid hormones through steroidogenic pathways in both vertebrates and invertebrates. In this study, the effect of ibuprofen on sex hormone balance and the associated mechanisms was investigated in vitro by use of H295R cells. We also conducted chronic toxicity tests using freshwater fish, Oryzias latipes, and two freshwater cladocerans, Daphnia magna and Moina macrocopa, for up to 144 and 21d of exposure, respectively. Ibuprofen exposure increased 17beta-estradiol (E2) production and aromatase activity in H295R cells. Testosterone (T) production decreased in a dose-dependent manner. For D. magna, the 48 h immobilization EC50 was 51.4 mg/L and the 21 d reproduction NOEC was <1.23 mg/L; for M. macrocopa, the 48 h immobilization EC50 was 72.6 mg/L and the 7d reproduction NOEC was 25mg/L. For O. latipes, 120 d survival NOEC was 0.0001 mg/L. In addition, ibuprofen affected several endpoints related to reproduction of the fish, including induction of vitellogenin in male fish, fewer broods per pair, and more eggs per brood. Parental exposure to as low as 0.0001 mg/L ibuprofen delayed hatching of eggs even when they were transferred to and cultured in clean water. Delayed hatching is environmentally relevant because this may increase the risk of being predated. For O. latipes, the acute-to-chronic ratio of ibuprofen was estimated to be greater than 1000. Overall, relatively high acute-to-chronic ratio and observation of reproduction damage in medaka fish at environmentally relevant ranges of ibuprofen warrant the need for further studies to elucidate potential ecological consequences of ibuprofen contamination in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Han
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 28 Yunkeon, Chongro, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 28 Yunkeon, Chongro, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jungkon Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 28 Yunkeon, Chongro, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Ji
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 28 Yunkeon, Chongro, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmi Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 28 Yunkeon, Chongro, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongwoo Ahn
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Junheon Yun
- National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404-708, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Choi
- National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404-708, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Toxicology Centre and Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7J 5B3, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse & School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre and Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7J 5B3, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse & School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Zoology of Department, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Oceanography and Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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25
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Panter GH, Hutchinson TH, Hurd KS, Bamforth J, Stanley RD, Wheeler JR, Tyler CR. Effects of a weak oestrogenic active chemical (4-tert-pentylphenol) on pair-breeding and F1 development in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2010; 97:314-323. [PMID: 20106537 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Revised: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A fish full life-cycle (FFLC) is the most comprehensive test to determine reproductive toxicity of chemicals to fish and this is likely to apply equally to endocrine active chemicals (EACs). However, FFLC tests use large numbers of animals, are expensive and time consuming. Alternative chronic tests, to the FFLC, potentially include sensitive life-stage windows of effect, such as sexual differentiation, early gonadal development and reproduction. In this paper, a fish pair-breeding study was applied to assess the biological effects of a weak environmental oestrogen, 4-tert-pentylphenol (4TPP), on reproduction and subsequent development of the F1 generation. The results of this study were then compared with the results for a published FFLC study, with this chemical. Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were held in pairs and their reproductive performance assessed over two concurrent 21-day periods, the first without exposure to the test chemical, followed by the second with exposure to the test chemical, in a flow-through system at 25+/-1 degrees C. Embryos from two pairs, per treatment, were subsequently grown up in clean water until 90 days post-hatch to assess developmental effects of the parental exposure on the F1 generation. Nominal (measured geometric mean, time weighted) test concentrations of 4TPP were 56 (48), 180 (173) and 560 (570) microg l(-1). A significant decrease in fecundity was observed in all 4TPP exposed fish (mean number of eggs spawned per pair and number of spawns per pair) when compared to the solvent control. Vitellogenin (VTG) was significantly elevated in F0 males exposed to 560 microg 4TPPl(-1). Somatic endpoints, secondary sexual characteristics (SSC) and gonadosomatic index (GSI) were not affected by the 4TPP exposure. In the F1 generation, there were no treatment-related effects on hatching success, survival, growth, SSC or GSI. Histological examination of the gonads of the F1 fish revealed no treatment-related effects on sex ratio, sexual differentiation or sexual development. However, plasma VTG concentrations were significantly elevated in F1 male fish, derived from parents that had previously been exposed to 4TPP at concentrations of > or = 180 microg l(-1). These data show that the reproductive performance test is suitable for detecting weak environmental oestrogenic chemicals and that exposure of adult fish to oestrogens can result in altered biomarker expression (VTG) of the F1 generation. Our findings indicate that the reproductive performance test was as sensitive for detecting effects on reproduction when compared with a published FFLC test for 4TPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Panter
- AstraZeneca, Brixham Environmental Laboratory, Freshwater Quarry, Brixham, Devon TQ58BA, United Kingdom.
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Tripathi R, Mishra DP, Shaha C. Male germ cell development: turning on the apoptotic pathways. J Reprod Immunol 2009; 83:31-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2009.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Yin N, Jin X, He J, Yin Z. Effects of adrenergic agents on the expression of zebrafish (Danio rerio) vitellogenin Ao1. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 238:20-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Revised: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zaccaroni A, Gamberoni M, Mandrioli L, Sirri R, Mordenti O, Scaravelli D, Sarli G, Parmeggiani A. Thyroid hormones as a potential early biomarker of exposure to 4-nonylphenol in adult male shubunkins (Carassius auratus). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2009; 407:3301-3306. [PMID: 19232673 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Revised: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nonylphenol, an estrogenic-like compound, can induce vitellogenin synthesis in males and immature Teleostean species, but little is known about its effects on thyroid hormones balance. The present study evaluated the potential effects of a single acute exposure to nonylphenol (i.p. injected) on the thyroid and reproductive axis of 250 shubunkins (Carassius auratus). Plasma levels of thyroid hormones were quantified immunoenzymatically by ELISA assay. Nonylphenol induced a significant decrease of thyroxin levels, whereas no effect on triiodothyronine concentrations was detected. No histopathological changes were detected in thyroid or testes. The toxicological data confirmed that nonylphenol exerts an estrogenic effect on male fish. In addition, nonylphenol was suspected to inhibit the thyroid hormones balance, suggesting the thyroid should be included among the other endocrine glands susceptible to endocrine disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zaccaroni
- Dept. Veterinary Public Health and Animal Pathology, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy.
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Ma L, Li D, Wang J, He J, Yin Z. Effects of adrenergic agonists on the extrahepatic expression of vitellogenin Ao1 in heart and brain of the Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2009; 91:19-25. [PMID: 19027183 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2008] [Revised: 09/23/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Teleost vitellogenins (VTGs) are large multidomain apolipoproteins and traditionally considered as the estrogen responsive precursors of the major egg yolk proteins. We identified five clones encoding VTGs, about 16% of the random EST clones from our constructed cDNA library from Chinese rare minnow liver tissue treated with 17beta-estradiol (E2). Full-length vtgAo1 has been obtained based on the sequence information of four partial cDNA inserts by RACE. The inducibility of the vtgAo1 expression in liver by E2 was confirmed by RT-PCR. The presence of vtgAo1 transcripts have been observed primarily in liver. However, a significant level of the vtgAo1 was found in an unexpected location, heart, particularly in atrial cells by RT-PCR and whole mount in situ hybridization analyses. The vtgAo1 mRNA expression in heart and liver tissue could be suppressed by both alpha-adrenergic agonist, phenylephrine (PE) and beta-adrenergic agonist, isoproterenol (ISO). The expression of VTG in the heart observed in the present studies suggested it may provide protection from surplus intracellular lipids in fish cardiomyocytes as triglyceride transport proteins do in mammals. The results also indicated that the production of teleost vtg in vivo can be regulated by not only estrogenic agents, but adrenergic signals as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Ma
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P R China
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Houck KA, Kavlock RJ. Understanding mechanisms of toxicity: insights from drug discovery research. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2007; 227:163-78. [PMID: 18063003 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2007.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2007] [Revised: 09/28/2007] [Accepted: 10/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Toxicology continues to rely heavily on use of animal testing for prediction of potential for toxicity in humans. Where mechanisms of toxicity have been elucidated, for example endocrine disruption by xenoestrogens binding to the estrogen receptor, in vitro assays have been developed as surrogate assays for toxicity prediction. This mechanistic information can be combined with other data such as exposure levels to inform a risk assessment for the chemical. However, there remains a paucity of such mechanistic assays due at least in part to lack of methods to determine specific mechanisms of toxicity for many toxicants. A means to address this deficiency lies in utilization of a vast repertoire of tools developed by the drug discovery industry for interrogating the bioactivity of chemicals. This review describes the application of high-throughput screening assays as experimental tools for profiling chemicals for potential for toxicity and understanding underlying mechanisms. The accessibility of broad panels of assays covering an array of protein families permits evaluation of chemicals for their ability to directly modulate many potential targets of toxicity. In addition, advances in cell-based screening have yielded tools capable of reporting the effects of chemicals on numerous critical cell signaling pathways and cell health parameters. Novel, more complex cellular systems are being used to model mammalian tissues and the consequences of compound treatment. Finally, high-throughput technology is being applied to model organism screens to understand mechanisms of toxicity. However, a number of formidable challenges to these methods remain to be overcome before they are widely applicable. Integration of successful approaches will contribute towards building a systems approach to toxicology that will provide mechanistic understanding of the effects of chemicals on biological systems and aid in rationale risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Houck
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office Research and Development, United Stated Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
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Abstract
The concept of animal models is well honored, and amphibians have played a prominent part in the success of using key species to discover new information about all animals. As animal models, amphibians offer several advantages that include a well-understood basic physiology, a taxonomic diversity well suited to comparative studies, tolerance to temperature and oxygen variation, and a greater similarity to humans than many other currently popular animal models. Amphibians now account for approximately 1/4 to 1/3 of lower vertebrate and invertebrate research, and this proportion is especially true in physiological research, as evident from the high profile of amphibians as animal models in Nobel Prize research. Currently, amphibians play prominent roles in research in the physiology of musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, renal, respiratory, reproductive, and sensory systems. Amphibians are also used extensively in physiological studies aimed at generating new insights in evolutionary biology, especially in the investigation of the evolution of air breathing and terrestriality. Environmental physiology also utilizes amphibians, ranging from studies of cryoprotectants for tissue preservation to physiological reactions to hypergravity and space exploration. Amphibians are also playing a key role in studies of environmental endocrine disruptors that are having disproportionately large effects on amphibian populations and where specific species can serve as sentinel species for environmental pollution. Finally, amphibian genera such as Xenopus, a genus relatively well understood metabolically and physiologically, will continue to contribute increasingly in this new era of systems biology and "X-omics."
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren W Burggren
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203-5220, USA.
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Razia S, Maegawa Y, Tamotsu S, Oishi T. Histological changes in immune and endocrine organs of quail embryos: exposure to estrogen and nonylphenol. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2006; 65:364-71. [PMID: 16246420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2005.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2005] [Revised: 07/10/2005] [Accepted: 07/31/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Effects of 17beta-estradiol and p-nonylphenol were examined in the immune and endocrine organs of Japanese quail embryos. The test compounds were injected into the yolk of embryonated eggs. Injection of estrogen resulted in (1) disappearance of lymphoid cells and flattened development of plicae in the bursa of Fabricius, (2) decreased area of thyroid follicles and height of simple cuboidal epithelial cells in the thyroid, (3) increased follicular appearance of the thymus, and (4) development of an ovotestis in male embryos. Injection of nonylphenol did not induce flattened plicae in the bursa of Fabricius or development of an ovotestis in male embryos, but it increased the disappearance of lymphoid cells from the lymphoid follicles in the bursa, decreased the height of simple cuboidal epithelial cells surrounding the thyroid follicle, and increased the follicle-like structure in the thymus in male embryos. These results suggest that nonylphenol has estrogenic effects, but these are low compared to those of estrogen itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultana Razia
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
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33
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Hirai N, Nanba A, Koshio M, Kondo T, Morita M, Tatarazako N. Feminization of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed to 17beta-estradiol: effect of exposure period on spawning performance in sex-transformed females. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2006; 79:288-95. [PMID: 16884791 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2006] [Revised: 06/23/2006] [Accepted: 06/23/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Two groups of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were exposed to 17beta-estradiol (E2: 150ng/L, nominal concentration) for either a short-term exposure (STE: 0-31 days after fertilization (daf); egg-larval period) or a long-term exposure period (LTE: 0-81 daf; egg-adult period) and their subsequent spawning performance was compared in terms of fecundity, spawning time, and fertility. Most genetic males were transformed to phenotypic females by E2 following both short-term and long-term exposure, but spawning performance and gonad somatic index (GSI) of sex-transformed females (XY females) following long-term exposure were lower than those of sex-transformed females following short-term exposure and those of normal females (XX) in the control group. Sex-transformed females in the STE group and normal females possessed mature ovary, whereas most of the sex-transformed females in the LTE group possessed immature ovary, with most oocytes being in the pre-vitellogenic phase. Moreover, the chromosome types of first filial generation delivered from sex-transformed female in STE group composed with 51.9% as XY, 18.5% as YY, and 29.6% as XX. From these results, it seems that exposure to E2 until the end of the larval period produces sex-transformed medaka with high reproductive ability, similar to normal females, but longer exposure to E2 may inhibit sexual maturation in the sex-transformed female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narisato Hirai
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan.
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34
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Hutchinson TH, Ankley GT, Segner H, Tyler CR. Screening and testing for endocrine disruption in fish-biomarkers as "signposts," not "traffic lights," in risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2006; 114 Suppl 1:106-14. [PMID: 16818255 PMCID: PMC1874181 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers are currently best used as mechanistic "signposts" rather than as "traffic lights" in the environmental risk assessment of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In field studies, biomarkers of exposure [e.g., vitellogenin (VTG) induction in male fish] are powerful tools for tracking single substances and mixtures of concern. Biomarkers also provide linkage between field and laboratory data, thereby playing an important role in directing the need for and design of fish chronic tests for EDCs. It is the adverse effect end points (e.g., altered development, growth, and/or reproduction) from such tests that are most valuable for calculating adverseNOEC (no observed effect concentration) or adverseEC10 (effective concentration for a 10% response) and subsequently deriving predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs). With current uncertainties, biomarkerNOEC or biomarkerEC10 data should not be used in isolation to derive PNECs. In the future, however, there may be scope to increasingly use biomarker data in environmental decision making, if plausible linkages can be made across levels of organization such that adverse outcomes might be envisaged relative to biomarker responses. For biomarkers to fulfil their potential, they should be mechanistically relevant and reproducible (as measured by interlaboratory comparisons of the same protocol). VTG is a good example of such a biomarker in that it provides an insight to the mode of action (estrogenicity) that is vital to fish reproductive health. Interlaboratory reproducibility data for VTG are also encouraging; recent comparisons (using the same immunoassay protocol) have provided coefficients of variation (CVs) of 38-55% (comparable to published CVs of 19-58% for fish survival and growth end points used in regulatory test guidelines). While concern over environmental xenoestrogens has led to the evaluation of reproductive biomarkers in fish, it must be remembered that many substances act via diverse mechanisms of action such that the environmental risk assessment for EDCs is a broad and complex issue. Also, biomarkers such as secondary sexual characteristics, gonadosomatic indices, plasma steroids, and gonadal histology have significant potential for guiding interspecies assessments of EDCs and designing fish chronic tests. To strengthen the utility of EDC biomarkers in fish, we need to establish a historical control database (also considering natural variability) to help differentiate between statistically detectable versus biologically significant responses. In conclusion, as research continues to develop a range of useful EDC biomarkers, environmental decision-making needs to move forward, and it is proposed that the "biomarkers as signposts" approach is a pragmatic way forward in the current risk assessment of EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Hutchinson
- AstraZeneca Global Safety, Health and Environment, Brixham Environmental Laboratory, United Kingdom.
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35
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Effects of Diethylstilbestrol Administration on Sperm Penetration into the Inner Perivitelline Layer of Japanese Quail, Coturnix japonica. J Poult Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.43.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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36
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Sant'Ana MG, Moraes R, Bernardi MM. Toxicity of cadmium in Japanese quail: evaluation of body weight, hepatic and renal function, and cellular immune response. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2005; 99:273-7. [PMID: 16125694 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2005.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2004] [Revised: 06/13/2005] [Accepted: 06/22/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant that is able to alter the immune function. Previous studies have shown that, in mammals, chronic exposure to Cd decreases the release of macrophagic cytokines such as IL1 and TN alpha and decreases phagocytosis activity. On the other hand contradictory results showed an increase in the humoral response. The cellular response could be decreased by exposure to Cd. These alterations were observed in mammals. The present study aimed to investigate some of the toxic effects of Cd exposure in birds. In particular, the main objective of this work was to elucidate the effects of exposure to this pollutant on the cellular immune function of the Japanese quail as a model for the study of toxicity in animals exposed in nature. The animals were exposed to the metal (100 ppm, per os) during development, i.e., from 1 to 28 days old. Body weight, biochemical parameters, and cellular immune response were measured during and at the end of treatment. The results showed that the exposure to Cd for 28 days significantly reduced the body weight and induced hepatic toxicity. The kidney function and cellular immune response were not affected by the Cd exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Sant'Ana
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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37
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Michelini E, Magliulo M, Leskinen P, Virta M, Karp M, Roda A. Recombinant Cell-Based Bioluminescence Assay for Androgen Bioactivity Determination in Clinical Samples. Clin Chem 2005; 51:1995-8. [PMID: 16299901 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2005.053017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Michelini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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38
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Abstract
Documented effects on fish and wildlife populations, coupled with evidence from human poisonings, epidemiology, and experimental toxicology, led to the formation of the Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program within the US Environmental Protection Agency. The main objectives of the program are to validate and implement the screens and tests that have been proposed for evaluating possible endocrine-disrupting activity of chemicals. An avian two-generation test is one of the recommended higher tier tests currently undergoing prevalidation. The advantages and disadvantages of the two species of quail considered as candidates, the northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), are described as well as the basis for final selection of the Japanese quail. Among the numerous considerations necessary for ultimately optimizing a two-generation test method using birds, the following key factors are discussed: the number of birds used in the test, when to begin exposure of the P generation, selection and exposure of the F1 generation, and endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie W Touart
- Office of Science Coordination and Policy, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
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39
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McAleer MF, Tuan RS. Cytotoxicant-induced trophoblast dysfunction and abnormal pregnancy outcomes: role of zinc and metallothionein. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 72:361-70. [PMID: 15662702 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.20024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Normal trophoblast function, including implantation, hormone production, and formation of the selectively permeable maternofetal barrier, is essential for the establishment and maintenance of the fetoplacental unit and proper fetal development. Maternal cytotoxicant exposure causes the destruction of these cells, especially the terminally differentiated syncytiotrophoblasts, and results in a myriad of poor pregnancy outcomes. These outcomes range from intrauterine growth retardation and malformation to spontaneous abortion or stillbirth. There is recent evidence that the metal-binding protein, metallothionein, is involved in the protection of human trophoblastic cells from heavy metal-induced and severe oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Metallothionein, with its unique biochemical structure, can both bind essential metal ions, such as the transcription modulator zinc, and yet allow their ready displacement by toxic nonessential metal ions or damaging free radicals. These properties suggest that metallothionein may be responsible not only for sequestering the cytotoxic agents, but also for altering signal transduction in the affected cells. Here, we review several identified causes of adverse pregnancy outcomes (specifically, prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke and alcohol, gestational infection, and exposure to environmental contaminants), discuss the role of zinc in modulating the cellular response to these toxic insults, and then propose how metallothionein may function to mediate this protective response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Frances McAleer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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40
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Fukuhori N, Kitano M, Kimura H. Toxic effects of bisphenol A on sexual and asexual reproduction in Hydra oligactis. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2005; 48:495-500. [PMID: 15886896 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-004-0032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2004] [Accepted: 08/31/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydra oligactis, an evolutionarily primitive invertebrate, produced eggs or testes (sexual reproduction) when starved at 10 degrees C, and produced buds (asexual reproduction) when fed at 20 degrees C. Bisphenol A (BPA) at 2-4 mg/L given to male or female hydra had adverse effects on both sexual and asexual reproduction. Despite the estrogenic nature of BPA, testis formation and egg formation were similarly affected. The doses causing these acute toxicities were comparable to those reported earlier in aquatic invertebrates and were much higher than environmentally detected doses, at which the disruption of the endocrine system has been reported in fishes. All these facts indicate that the adverse effects are the results of general toxicity and may not be due to the estrogenic function of the compound. On the other hand, we found that BPA at 1 mg/L (a dose still much higher than environmental doses) stimulated asexual reproduction. No such stimulation of sexual reproduction was seen. When male hydras were fed at 10 degrees C, they produced both buds and testes simultaneously. BPA at 0.5 and 1 mg/L under this condition also stimulated asexual reproduction, whereas it suppressed sexual reproduction more severely than BPA at 2-3 mg/L. There may be some interaction between processes involved in sexual and asexual reproduction under this condition, and the stimulation of asexual reproduction by BPA may cause suppression of sexual reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fukuhori
- Radio Isotope Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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41
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Barata C, Porte C, Baird DJ. Experimental designs to assess endocrine disrupting effects in invertebrates. A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2004; 13:511-7. [PMID: 15526857 DOI: 10.1023/b:ectx.0000037188.09072.de] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to gain basic understanding of the ecological effects of vertebrate Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs), many research groups are currently testing these chemicals using aquatic invertebrates. Small crustaceans, such as cladocerans and copepods, are of particular interest since they are ecologically important and their short life cycles allow obtaining information on demographic parameters. Despite the existence of diverse literature on the development, growth and reproductive effects of EDCs on these crustaceans, only a few studies have unambiguously assessed a truly endocrine disrupting effect. This review discusses new experimental designs to differentiate between endocrine disruption and other causes of reproductive and developmental impairment. Our findings clearly illustrate that many studies may have falsely concluded that chemicals have endocrine disrupting modes of action when in fact a much simpler explanation was not previously ruled out (e.g., egg mortality, feeding inhibition). This means that there is an urgent need for integration of toxic effects on energy intake to toxicity assessments. Such an approach would permit different ectotoxicological models of action, including endocrine disrupting effects, to be distinguished and their relative roles in the overall toxic response to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Barata
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, INTEXTER- UPC. Carretera Nacional 140 Km. 14.5. Terrassa 08220, Barcelona, Spain.
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42
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Hunt KE, Wingfield JC. Effect of estradiol implants on reproductive behavior of female Lapland longspurs (Calcarius lapponicus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2004; 137:248-62. [PMID: 15201063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2004.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2003] [Revised: 03/16/2004] [Accepted: 03/22/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The role of estrogens in reproductive behavior of free-living birds has been little investigated, despite the importance of estrogens in coordinating reproductive behavior and the need for information on potential effects of estrogenic contaminants on wildlife. We gave subcutaneous implants of estradiol (E2) to 15 female Lapland longspurs (Calcarius lapponicus), an arctic bird with a six-week breeding season. Controls were 9 females with empty implants and 14 unimplanted females. After implantation, E2 females had greater E2 levels and greater body mass than controls. We did not detect any increases in, or prolongation of, sexual or nest-building behavior. The incubation period was longer for E2 nests than for control nests. Nest videotapes showed that E2 females and their mates exhibited normal nestling care, and nestling growth, fledging success, and overwinter survival were also unaffected. However, whenever the males arrived at the nests, E2 females showed a significantly greater likelihood of begging from the male rather than leaving the nest. Courtship or incubation feeding have been considered atypical for this species, and it is not clear what role E2 normally plays in promoting begging behavior. Overall, elevated E2 levels did not result in any obvious costs for the female, save perhaps for slightly reduced incubation efficiency. The weak response to hormonal implants is similar to patterns seen in male Lapland longspurs, and may be related to the short breeding season. However, since little is presently known about the role of estrogens in behavior of wild female birds, it remains to be seen whether these patterns are typical of female passerines in general, or of short-season breeders. Further research on effects of estrogens (both exogenous and endogenous) on free-living female birds is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Hunt
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA.
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Fairbrother A, Smits J, Grasman K. Avian immunotoxicology. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2004; 7:105-137. [PMID: 14769546 DOI: 10.1080/10937400490258873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Methods for studying the avian immune system have matured during the past two decades, with laboratory studies predominating in earlier years and field studies being conducted only in the past decade. One application has been to determine the potential for environmental contaminants to produce immune suppression, while another research direction is looking at the evolutionary significance of a robust immune system, and the relationship between immune competence and fitness parameters. Laboratory studies of immunosuppression following exposure of birds to environmental contaminants have adapted conventional mammalian methods to the avian immune system, and both lines of research have developed field-deployable measures of immune function. This review describes the avian immune system with emphasis on how it differs from the better known mammalian system, reviews the literature on contaminant-induced immunosuppression, and discusses the work on evolutionary biology of avian immunocompetence. Evidence indicates that the field of avian immunology is technically robust, even for nontraditional species such as passerines, seabirds, raptors, and other free-ranging species. It is now possible to screen chemicals for immunotoxicological properties following the same tiered approach that has been established for mammals. Despite the increased capacity and interest in avian field studies, there has not yet been a reported study of measured immune suppression associated with an avian epizootic. It is more likely that the immune suppression in adult birds resulting from low-level chronic stress (e.g., crowding onto poor quality habitat, food reductions, or climate stress) and (or) environmental contaminants causes slow but consistent morbidity and mortality associated with multiple pathogens, rather than an acute epizootic with a single pathogen. Increased fitness costs associated with such stress may significantly alter genetic diversity and species survival over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Fairbrother
- Western Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon 97333, USA.
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44
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Maekawa S, Nishizuka M, Heitaku S, Kunimoto M, Nishikawa JI, Ichikawa K, Shimada K, Imagawa M. Development of a Competitive Enzyme Immunoassay for Detection of Capacity of Chemicals to Bind Quail Estrogen Receptor .ALPHA. and .BETA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.50.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinobu Maekawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Makoto Nishizuka
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Shiro Heitaku
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Masaaki Kunimoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Jun-ichi Nishikawa
- Laboratory of Environmental Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Kouhei Ichikawa
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University
| | - Kiyoshi Shimada
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University
| | - Masayoshi Imagawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
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45
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Nishizuka M, Heitaku S, Maekawa S, Nishikawa JI, Imagawa M. Development of Standardized in Vitro Assay System for Estrogen Receptors and Species Specificity of Binding Ability of 4-Nonylphenol and p-Octylphenol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.50.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Nishizuka
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Shiro Heitaku
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Shinobu Maekawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Jun-ichi Nishikawa
- Laboratory of Environmental Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Masayoshi Imagawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
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46
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Suzuki E, Kunimoto M, Nishizuka M, Imagawa M. Evaluation of Ability of Chemicals to Bind Frog ( Xenopus laevis) Estrogen Receptor by in Vitro Binding Assay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.50.685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Masaaki Kunimoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Makoto Nishizuka
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Masayoshi Imagawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
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47
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Abstract
Historically, invertebrates have been excellent models for studying endocrine systems and for testing toxic chemicals. Some invertebrate endocrine systems are well suited for testing chemicals and environmental media because of the ease of using certain species, their sensitivity to toxic chemicals, and the broad choice of models from which to choose. Such assays will be useful in identifying endocrine disruptors to protect invertebrate populations and as screening systems for vertebrates. Hormone systems are found in all animal phyla, although the most simple animals may have only rudimentary endocrine systems. Invertebrate endocrine systems use a variety of types of hormones, including steroids, peptides, simple amides, and terpenes. The most well-studied hormone systems are the molting and juvenile hormones in insects, the molting hormones in crustaceans, and several of the neurohormones in molluscs and arthropods. These groups offer several options for assays that may be useful for predicting endocrine disruption in invertebrates. A few invertebrate phyla offer predictive capabilities for understanding vertebrate endocrine-disrupting chemicals. The echinoderms, and to a lesser extent molluscs, have closer evolutionary relationships with the vertebrates than the arthropods and these phyla. The recently identified estrogen receptor structure within the genome of the marine gastropod, Aplysia, indicates that the estrogens, and probably the basic steroid receptor, are quite old evolutionarily. This review of the recent literature confirms the effects of some endocrine-disrupting chemicals on invertebrates--tributyltin on snails, pesticides on insects and crustaceans, and industrial compounds on marine animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L deFur
- Center for Environmental Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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48
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Eertmans F, Dhooge W, Stuyvaert S, Comhaire F. Endocrine disruptors: effects on male fertility and screening tools for their assessment. Toxicol In Vitro 2003; 17:515-24. [PMID: 14599439 DOI: 10.1016/s0887-2333(03)00121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
During the recent decades, a lot of research has been performed concerning the so-called "endocrine disruptors", which are widespread in the environment. These compounds of anthropogenic or natural origin mimic the action of sex hormones and can interfere with the endocrine system. The largest body of evidence exists for those compounds that are estrogenic in nature, but the amount of experimental data on other types of interactions, especially anti-androgenic, steadily increases. Because of the growing public and scientific concern, epidemiological studies have been initiated to analyse the short and long-term effects of endocrine disruptors. In addition, a number of assays have been developed and are undergoing validation, aiming at high throughput screening of chemical agents with suspected endocrine disrupting properties. In the present review, we briefly describe the results of epidemiological studies dealing with observed time trends in male fertility disorders. In the second part of the article, an overview is given of the different classes of endocrine disruptors, followed by a description of the most important in vitro and in vivo bioassays, used to screen for the possible endocrine disruptive capacity of chemicals, together with future research needs for in vitro test development.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Eertmans
- Department of Endocrinology, UZ Ghent, De Pintelaan 185, B 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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49
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Murata M, Yano K, Kuroki S, Suzutani T, Katayama Y. Protein-immobilized Electrode for Rapid and Convenient Sensing of Thyroid Hormone Receptor-ligand Interaction. ANAL SCI 2003; 19:1569-73. [PMID: 14696916 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19.1569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The recombinant human thyroid hormone receptor (TR) was expressed as an in-frame fusion with ten consecutive histidine residues using a bacterial system; then the receptor was immobilized on an Au-electrode with Ni(II)-mediated chemisorption using the histidine tag and thiol-modified nitrilotriacetic acid. The receptor-modified electrode could rapidly detect ligand binding to hTR without any separation procedures, and showed a good response in a concentration-dependent manner. The sensitivity of this biosensor based on ligand-receptor interactions was comparable to those of conventional competitive ligand binding assays using radio-labeled ligands. Our results strongly suggest that our new biosensor can be applied to the identification of new ligands for hTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Murata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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50
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Hutchinson TH, Pickford DB. Ecological risk assessment and testing for endocrine disruption in the aquatic environment. Toxicology 2002; 181-182:383-7. [PMID: 12505340 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-483x(02)00471-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Field observations of endocrine disruption (ED) in fish and other aquatic species have contributed to a global effort to establish test methods for detecting ED effects in wildlife species. For ecological risk assessment, validated tests are needed for Amphibia, fish and aquatic invertebrates, supported by a tiered approach incorporating mechanistic data and exposure characterisation. The potential for extrapolation of ED data from mammalian to aquatic species may be limited, however, due to significant physiological differences in function and regulation of hormone systems in (aquatic) lower vertebrates and invertebrates. Presently, the OECD is considering a tiered approach for ED risk assessment, incorporating a fish 14-day screening assay (Tier 1); fish development and reproduction tests (both Tier 2); and a fish full life-cycle test (Tier 3). For detection of (anti-)oestrogens, the yolk-precursor protein vitellogenin is an ideal biomarker of exposure and functionally equivalent biomarkers are being sought for (anti-)androgens in fish. At the two higher tiers, impacts are assessed in terms of apical endpoints (e.g. development, breeding behaviour and fecundity) and also gonadal histopathology. Validation of these higher tier tests should include comparison of sensitivity of biochemical and apical endpoints to optimise the value of biomarkers for predicting adverse health effects (e.g. impaired reproduction). The specificity of future OECD fish and amphibian test guidelines for endocrine disrupters needs further consideration through inclusion of mechanistic endpoints based on state-of-the-art molecular endocrinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Hutchinson
- AstraZeneca Global Safety, Health and Environment, Brixham Environmental Laboratory, Freshwater Quarry, Brixham, Devon TQ5 8BA, UK
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