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Bonnet U, Juckel G. [The Impact of Antidepressants on COVID-19 and Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome: A Scoping-Review Update]. FORTSCHRITTE DER NEUROLOGIE-PSYCHIATRIE 2024. [PMID: 39313202 DOI: 10.1055/a-2374-2218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Preclinically, fluvoxamine and other antidepressants (AD) exerted antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties also against SARS-COV-2. Therfore, It makes sense to test the clinical effect of AD against COVID-19 and Long COVID. METHODS On May 20, 2024, this systematic scoping review in PUBMED identified 1016 articles related to AD and COVID-19, Long COVID and SARS-COV-2. These included 10 retrospective "large scale" studies (> 20000 chart reviews), 8 prospective clinical trials (plus 4 regarding Long COVID), 11 placebo-controlled randomized (RCT) (plus 2 regarding Long COVID) and 15 meta-analyses. RESULTS COVID-19: Retrospective studies with cohorts taking AD primarily for psychiatric comorbidities or chronic pain conditions directly prior to SARS-COV-2 infection described that this substance class (most studied: Selective Serotonin Re-Uptake Inhibitors (SSRI) and Selective Serotonin Noradrenaline Re-Uptake Inhibitors (SSNRI)) were associated with (i) significantly fewer SARS-COV-2 infections and (ii) a milder course of COVID-19 ("COVID-19 protection"). Ten of the 11 RCTs found regarding COVID-19 tested fluvoxamine, as this old AD appeared suitable as a prophylactic agent against severe COVID-19, taking into account its in vitro potency against the progression of intracellular sepsis cascades. Therefore, most (12 out of 15) meta-analyses also referred to fluvoxamine. They found (iii) a significant (40-70% reduction) in mortality, intubation and hospitalization rates when fluvoxamine was used as an add-on to standard therapy for mild to moderate COVID-19. When this AD was used in the early stages of the disease, it was more successful than when it was given later in advanced, severe COVID-19 (e.g. severe pneumonia, final sepsis stages). A dose dependency was observed: 2x50 mg fluvoxamine over 15 days was less effective than 2x100 or even 3x100 mg with an adverse event profile still at the placebo level. Direct comparisons with drugs approved for COVID-19 do not yet exist. A first indirect meta-analytical comparison showed an advantage of paxlovid or molnupiravir versus fluvoxamine against the development of severe COVID-19: risk reduction of 95% (I2 = N/A, but only one study) or 78% (I2=0) versus 5+-5% (I2=48). However, an add-on of fluvoxamine was still significantly more efficacious than symptom-oriented standard therapy alone. Long COVID: A common Long COVID phenotype with dominant anxiety and depression symptoms, which responds to AD, relaxation therapy and/or psychotherapy, has now been identified. Casuistics report positive effects of AD on fatigue, cognitive and autonomic dysfunctions. A first large prospective open-label RCT has just shown significantly more favourable courses, less viral load and less pro-inflammatory cytokines in the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19 with fluvoxamine versus standard treatment, also with regard to the subsequent development of neuropsychiatric and pulmonary Long COVID or fatigue. CONCLUSION Overall, there is promising evidence of a preventive effect of AD (especially fluvoxamine) against progression to severe COVID-19 and against the development of Long COVID. It is likely, that the entire AD substance class could be effective here. This assumption is based on the results of retrospective large scale studies, but awaits verification by better controlled studies. The potential effectiveness/efficacy (currently low and moderate confidence of the evidence for the entire substance class and specifically fluvoxamine, respectively) of fluvoxamine as an add-on against COVID-19 and possibly also directly against Long COVID could stimulate similar projects in other infectious diseases that also have the potential to pose a lasting threat to the health of those affected. We consider the evidence to date to be sufficient to be able to emphasize a possible positive effect of these substances in the psychoeducation of patients with COVID-19 or Long COVID who are already receiving AD for other conditions - especially also against the symptoms associated with the viral disease or its consequences. In regions where neither vaccines nor antiviral agents currently approved for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 are available, AD and in particular fluvoxamine would be a cost-effective alternative to protect against a severe course, even if this AD appears to have a smaller effect against COVID-19 than the currently approved antiviral agents, but with presumably better tolerability. A direct comparative clinical trial with approved antiviral agents is still pending and should be positive to further open the door for a guideline-based recommendation of fluvoxamine (or perhaps even AD) for COVID-19 or its aftermath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udo Bonnet
- Klinik für Seelische Gesundheit, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Universität Duisburg-Essen, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Castrop-Rauxel, Castrop-Rauxel, Germany
- LVR-Universitätsklinikum Essen, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- LWL-Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Präventivmedizin, Bochum, Germany
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2
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García-San-Martín N, Bethlehem RAI, Mihalik A, Seidlitz J, Sebenius I, Alemán-Morillo C, Dorfschmidt L, Shafiei G, Ortiz-García de la Foz V, Merritt K, David A, Morgan SE, Ruiz-Veguilla M, Ayesa-Arriola R, Vázquez-Bourgon J, Alexander-Bloch A, Misic B, Bullmore ET, Suckling J, Crespo-Facorro B, Romero-García R. Molecular and micro-architectural mapping of gray matter alterations in psychosis. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02724-0. [PMID: 39266711 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02724-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
The psychosis spectrum encompasses a heterogeneous range of clinical conditions associated with abnormal brain development. Detecting patterns of atypical neuroanatomical maturation across psychiatric disorders requires an interpretable metric standardized by age-, sex- and site-effect. The molecular and micro-architectural attributes that account for these deviations in brain structure from typical neurodevelopment are still unknown. Here, we aggregate structural magnetic resonance imaging data from 38,696 healthy controls (HC) and 1256 psychosis-related conditions, including first-degree relatives of schizophrenia (SCZ) and schizoaffective disorder (SAD) patients (n = 160), individuals who had psychotic experiences (n = 157), patients who experienced a first episode of psychosis (FEP, n = 352), and individuals with chronic SCZ or SAD (n = 587). Using a normative modeling approach, we generated centile scores for cortical gray matter (GM) phenotypes, identifying deviations in regional volumes below the expected trajectory for all conditions, with a greater impact on the clinically diagnosed ones, FEP and chronic. Additionally, we mapped 46 neurobiological features from healthy individuals (including neurotransmitters, cell types, layer thickness, microstructure, cortical expansion, and metabolism) to these abnormal centiles using a multivariate approach. Results revealed that neurobiological features were highly co-localized with centile deviations, where metabolism (e.g., cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRGlu) and cerebral blood flow (CBF)) and neurotransmitter concentrations (e.g., serotonin (5-HT) and acetylcholine (α4β2) receptors) showed the most consistent spatial overlap with abnormal GM trajectories. Taken together these findings shed light on the vulnerability factors that may underlie atypical brain maturation during different stages of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Agoston Mihalik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jakob Seidlitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Isaac Sebenius
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Lena Dorfschmidt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Golia Shafiei
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Víctor Ortiz-García de la Foz
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kate Merritt
- Division of Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - Anthony David
- Division of Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - Sarah E Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Veguilla
- Biomedical Research Center in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Mental Health Service, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS) HUVR/CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Vázquez-Bourgon
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aaron Alexander-Bloch
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bratislav Misic
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - John Suckling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, UK
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Mental Health Service, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS) HUVR/CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Rafael Romero-García
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Biomedical Research Center in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS) HUVR/CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
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Steinhelfer L, Jungmann F, Endrös L, Wenzel P, Haller B, Nickel M, Haneder E, Geisler F, Götze K, von Werder A, Eiber M, Makowski MR, Braren R, Lohöfer F. Spleen Volume Reduction Is a Reliable and Independent Biomarker for Long-Term Risk of Leukopenia Development in Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy. J Nucl Med 2024; 65:1244-1249. [PMID: 38991748 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.267098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
177Lu-DOTATATE therapy is an effective treatment for advanced neuroendocrine tumors, despite its dose-limiting hematotoxicity. Herein, the significance of off-target splenic irradiation is unknown. Our study aims to identify predictive markers of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy-induced leukopenia. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed blood counts and imaging data of 88 patients with histologically confirmed, unresectable metastatic neuroendocrine tumors who received 177Lu-DOTATATE treatment at our institution from February 2009 to July 2021. Inclusion criterium was a tumor uptake equivalent to or greater than that in the liver on baseline receptor imaging. We excluded patients with less than 24 mo of follow-up and those patients who received fewer than 4 treatment cycles, additional therapies, or blood transfusions during follow-up. Results: Our study revealed absolute and relative white blood cell counts and relative spleen volume reduction as independent predictors of radiation-induced leukopenia at 24 mo. However, a 30% decline in spleen volume 12 mo after treatment most accurately predicted patients proceeding to leukopenia at 24 mo (receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of 0.91, sensitivity of 0.93, and specificity of 0.90), outperforming all other parameters by far. Conclusion: Automated splenic volume assessments demonstrated superior predictive capabilities for the development of leukopenia in patients undergoing 177Lu-DOTATATE treatment compared with conventional laboratory parameters. The reduction in spleen size proves to be a valuable, routinely available, and quantitative imaging-based biomarker for predicting radiation-induced leukopenia. This suggests potential clinical applications for risk assessment and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Steinhelfer
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany;
| | - Friederike Jungmann
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas Endrös
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick Wenzel
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Haller
- Institute of AI and Informatics in Medicine, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Manuel Nickel
- Institute of AI and Informatics in Medicine, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Haneder
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Geisler
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Götze
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic III, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander von Werder
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Eiber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and
- German Cancer Consortium, a Partnership Between DKFZ and School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus R Makowski
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rickmer Braren
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium, a Partnership Between DKFZ and School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Lohöfer
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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4
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Morciano C, Massari M, Cutillo M, Belleudi V, Trifirò G, Mores N, Sapigni E, Puccini A, Zanoni G, Zorzi M, Monaco G, Leoni O, Del Zotto S, Samez S, Mayer F, Marano G, Menniti Ippolito F, Da Cas R, Traversa G, Spila Alegiani S. Acute Appendicitis After COVID-19 Vaccines in Italy: A Self-Controlled Case Series Study. Drug Saf 2024:10.1007/s40264-024-01462-0. [PMID: 39068268 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-024-01462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Cases of appendicitis were identified in the pivotal randomized clinical trial on BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine and reported from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine pharmacovigilance systems. Three cohort studies and two self-controlled case series (SCCS) studies evaluating the association between mRNA vaccines and appendicitis reported discordant results. To address this uncertainty, the present study examines in a large population, with a SCCS design, the association between mRNA (BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273) and, for the first time, viral vector (ChAdOx1-S and Ad26.COV2-S) COVID-19 vaccines and acute appendicitis. METHODS The SCCS study design was used to evaluate the association between COVID-19 vaccination and subsequent onset of acute appendicitis. The study was based on record linkage of health archives through TheShinISS application, a statistical tool that locally processes data from regional health care databases according to ad hoc, study-tailored and common data model. The study population included all vaccinated subjects ≥ 12 years old between 27 December 2020 and 30 September 2021. The acute appendicitis was identified through discharge diagnoses of hospital admissions or emergency department visits. Incident cases were defined as those who experienced a first event of acute appendicitis in the study period, excluding subjects with a diagnosis of appendicitis in the previous 5 years. Exposure was defined as the first or second dose of BNT162b2, mRNA-1273 and ChAdOx1-S and the single dose of Ad26.COV2-S. The risk interval was defined as 42 days from the first or second vaccination dose and divided into pre-specified risk subperiods; the reference period was the observation time outside the risk interval. Relative incidences (RI) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated with the SCCS method 'modified for event-dependent exposures', through unbiased estimating equations. The seasonal component was considered as a time-dependent covariate. RESULTS In the 42-day risk interval 1285 incident cases of acute appendicitis occurred: 727 cases after the first dose and 558 cases after the second dose. In the main analysis, no increased risks of acute appendicitis were observed in subjects vaccinated with BNT162b, mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1-S and Ad26.COV2-S. The subgroup analyses by sex showed an increased risk in the 14-27 day risk interval, in males after the first dose of mRNA-1273 (RI of 1.71; 95% CI 1.08-2.70, p = 0.02) and in females after the single dose of Ad26.COV2-S (RI of 4.40; 95% CI 1.29-15.01, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS There was no evidence of association of BNT162b, ChAdOx1-S, mRNA-1273 and Ad26.COV2-S with acute appendicitis in the general population. The results of the subgroup analyses by sex needs to be considered with caution. The multiplicity issue cannot be excluded being these hypotheses two of several hypotheses tested. In addition, relevant literature on the biological mechanism of the disease and evidence of similar effects with other vaccines or with the same vaccines are still lacking to provide strong support for a conclusion that there is an harmful effect in males and females with mRNA-1273 and Ad26.COV2-S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Morciano
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Massari
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cutillo
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Belleudi
- Department of Epidemiology ASL Roma 1, Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Trifirò
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Nadia Mores
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacovigilance, Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Ester Sapigni
- Hospital Assistance Service, General Directorate for Personal Care, Health and Welfare, Emilia-Romagna Region, Bologna, Italy
| | - Aurora Puccini
- Hospital Assistance Service, General Directorate for Personal Care, Health and Welfare, Emilia-Romagna Region, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Manuel Zorzi
- Cancer Registry of Veneto, Azienda Zero, Padua, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Monaco
- Department of Health of Lombardy Region, Epidemiology Observatory, Milan, Italy
| | - Olivia Leoni
- Department of Health of Lombardy Region, Epidemiology Observatory, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Sarah Samez
- Regional Pharmacovigilance Centre, Trieste, Italy
| | - Flavia Mayer
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marano
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Da Cas
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Traversa
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Spila Alegiani
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.
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Thurstans S, Opondo C, Bailey J, Stobaugh H, Loddo F, Wrottesley SV, Seal A, Myatt M, Briend A, Garenne M, Mertens A, Wells J, Sear R, Kerac M. How age and sex affect treatment outcomes for children with severe malnutrition: A multi-country secondary data analysis. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2024; 20:e13596. [PMID: 38048342 PMCID: PMC11168354 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Age and sex influence the risk of childhood wasting. We aimed to determine if wasting treatment outcomes differ by age and sex in children under 5 years, enroled in therapeutic and supplementary feeding programmes. Utilising data from stage 1 of the ComPAS trial, we used logistic regression to assess the association between age, sex and wasting treatment outcomes (recovery, death, default, non-response, and transfer), modelling the likelihood of recovery versus all other outcomes. We used linear regression to calculate differences in mean length of stay (LOS) and mean daily weight gain by age and sex. Data from 6929 children from Kenya, Chad, Yemen and South Sudan was analysed. Girls in therapeutic feeding programmes were less likely to recover than boys (pooled odds ratio [OR]: 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72-0.97, p = 0.018). This association was statistically significant in Chad (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.39-0.95, p = 0.030) and Yemen (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.27-0.81, p = 0.006), but not in Kenya and South Sudan. Multinomial analysis, however, showed no difference in recovery between sexes. There was no difference between sexes for LOS, but older children (24-59 months) had a shorter mean LOS than younger children (6-23 months). Mean daily weight gain was consistently lower in boys compared with girls. We found few differences in wasting treatment outcomes by sex and age. The results do not indicate a need to change current programme inclusion requirements or treatment protocols on the basis of sex or age, but future research in other settings should continue to investigate the aetiology of differences in recovery and implications for treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Thurstans
- Department of Population HealthLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | - Charles Opondo
- Department of Medical StatisticsLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | | | | | | | - Andy Seal
- UCL Institute for Global HealthLondonUK
| | | | - André Briend
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health ResearchTampere University and Tampere University HospitalTampereFinland
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Michel Garenne
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMI RésiliencesBondyFrance
- Department of Statistics and Population StudiesUniversity of the Western CapeCape TownSouth Africa
- FERDIUniversité d'AuvergneClermont‐FerrandFrance
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Andrew Mertens
- University of California, Berkeley School of Public HealthBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jonathan Wells
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching DepartmentUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Rebecca Sear
- Department of Population HealthLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | - Marko Kerac
- Department of Population HealthLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
- Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive & Child Health Centre (MARCH)London School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineLondonUK
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Jáuregui EJ, Diala O, Rove KO, Hoefner-Notz R, Tong S, Nguyen T, Friedman NR. Overnight Monitoring Criteria for Children with Obstructive Sleep-Disordered Breathing After Tonsillectomy: Revisited. Laryngoscope 2024. [PMID: 39031661 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies indicate children who pass an Asleep Room Air Challenge (AsRAC) do not have significant postoperative adverse respiratory events after adenotonsillectomy (T&A). Subsequently, we revised our overnight monitoring (OM) criteria, allowing patients with an obstructive apnea/hypopnea index (OAHI) ≤20 or nonsevere obesity (Class I) to be considered for same-day surgery (SDS) if they passed an AsRAC. Our hypothesis is that our modified OM criteria would not increase the return visits or readmission rates for patients undergoing SDS within 48 h or 15 days of T&A. METHODS A retrospective review of all children aged ≥3 and <21 years who underwent T&A at a tertiary children's hospital and its satellite locations was performed from January 2017 to September 2022. Descriptive statistics and outcome measures were compared using a 3% margin noninferiority test before and after the new criteria implementation. RESULTS Before intervention, 3,266 (58%) T&As were performed as SDS. Afterward, 74% of T&As were performed as SDS (p-value <0.05). There was no difference in the ED revisit rate for SDS within the 3% noninferiority margin. Following intervention, 29% more children with Class I obesity (62% vs. 33%) underwent SDS (p-value <0.001). Afterward, 19% more children with polysomnography underwent SDS (39% vs. 20%), p-value <0.001. After intervention, within 48 h of SDS, six (0.9%) children had revisits for bleeding and seven (1.2%) for vomiting. There were no perioperative respiratory events. CONCLUSION Our revised monitoring criteria did not demonstrate an increase in ED visit or readmissions rates within 48 h or 15 days of T&A. Additionally, we found a 29% increase in Class I obese children undergoing SDS T&A. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel J Jáuregui
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Mary Bridge Children's Hospital, Tacoma, Washington, U.S.A
| | - Obinna Diala
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, U.S.A
| | - Kyle O Rove
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Regina Hoefner-Notz
- Perioperative Services, Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Suhong Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, U.S.A
- Biostatistics and Informatics, School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Norman R Friedman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, U.S.A
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, U.S.A
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Li J, Zhai M, Liu D, Wei L, Liu X, Wang Q, Yu B, Yan H. Pilot study of relationship between prenatal stress during the COVID-19 pandemic and social-emotional development of 12-month-old children: the mediation effects of home environment. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:1895-1905. [PMID: 37668698 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02292-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that prenatal stress elevates the risk of children's social-emotional development, but the mechanisms underlying this association are unclear. Home environment provides learning opportunities and stimulation required for children's early development and can be influenced by prenatal maternal stress. This study aimed to examine whether home environment can mediate the association between prenatal stress during the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and their offspring's social-emotional problems thereafter. A pilot sample was derived from 2020 to 2021 Maternal and Child Health Cohort study (N = 82) with the pregnant women recruited during the COVID-19 lockdown period in 2020. Prenatal stress was assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale. Home environment was measured using the Child Home Nurture Environment Scales. Mother-reported toddler social-emotional problems were assessed at 12 months of age. The mediation model was used for data analysis. The mean scores of social-emotional problems, which include externalizing, internalizing, dysregulation, and competence, were 10.98 (5.08), 14.72 (6.49), 15.15 (6.31), and 36.73 (10.26), respectively. Prenatal stress, home environment, and social-emotional problems were significantly related (P < 0.05). Home environment significantly mediated the association between prenatal stress and social-emotional problems with the indirect effect [95% CI] of 0.06 [0.01, 0.14] for externalizing behaviors, 0.10 [0.00, 0.24] for internalizing behaviors, - 0.15 [- 0.31, - 0.01] for competence, 0.08 [0.01, 0.17] and 0.08 [0.01, 0.21] for dysregulation. These findings suggest that prenatal stress may affect offspring's social-emotional problems through the home environment. Screening for prenatal stress and promoting supportive home environment may be potential strategies for social-emotional problems interventions in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Li
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, No.115 Dong Hu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxi Zhai
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, No.115 Dong Hu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, No.115 Dong Hu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqing Wei
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, No.115 Dong Hu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, No.115 Dong Hu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiwen Wang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, No.115 Dong Hu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, No.115 Dong Hu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong Yan
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, No.115 Dong Hu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Madden AM, Smeeton NC, Culkin A, Trivedi D. Modified dietary fat intake for treatment of gallstone disease in people of any age. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2024; 2:CD012608. [PMID: 38318932 PMCID: PMC10845213 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012608.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of gallstones varies between less than 1% and 64% in different populations and is thought to be increasing in response to changes in nutritional intake and increasing obesity. Some people with gallstones have no symptoms but approximately 2% to 4% develop them each year, predominantly including severe abdominal pain. People who experience symptoms have a greater risk of developing complications. The main treatment for symptomatic gallstones is cholecystectomy. Traditionally, a low-fat diet has also been advised to manage gallstone symptoms, but there is uncertainty over the evidence to support this. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the benefits and harms of modified dietary fat intake in the treatment of gallstone disease in people of any age. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group Controlled Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE ALL Ovid, Embase Ovid, and three other databases to 17 February 2023 to identify randomised clinical trials in people with gallstones. We also searched online trial registries and pharmaceutical company sources, for ongoing or unpublished trials to March 2023. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised clinical trials (irrespective of language, blinding, or status) in people with gallstones diagnosed using ultrasonography or conclusive imaging methods. We excluded participants diagnosed with another condition that may compromise dietary fat tolerance. We excluded trials where data from participants with gallstones were not reported separately from data from participants who did not have gallstones. We included trials that investigated other interventions (e.g. trials of drugs or other dietary (non-fat) components) providing that the trial groups had received the same proportion of drug or other dietary (non-fat) components in the intervention. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We intended to undertake meta-analysis and present the findings according to Cochrane recommendations. However, as we identified only five trials, with data unsuitable and insufficient for analyses, we described the data narratively. MAIN RESULTS We included five trials but only one randomised clinical trial (69 adults), published in 1986, reported outcomes of interest to the review. The trial had four dietary intervention groups, three of which were relevant to this review. We assessed the trial at high risk of bias. The dietary fat modifications included a modified cholesterol intake and medium-chain triglyceride supplementation. The control treatment was a standard diet. The trial did not report on any of the primary outcomes in this review (i.e. all-cause mortality, serious adverse events, and health-related quality of life). The trial reported on gallstone dissolution, one of our secondary outcomes. We were unable to apply the GRADE approach to determine certainty of evidence because the included trial did not provide data that could be used to generate an estimate of the effect on this or any other outcome. The trial expressed its finding as "no significant effect of a low-cholesterol diet in the presence of ursodeoxycholic acid on gallstone dissolution." There were no serious adverse events reported. The included trial reported that they received no funding that could bias the trial results through conflicts of interest. We found no ongoing trials. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The evidence about the effects of modifying dietary fat on gallstone disease versus standard diet is scant. We lack results from high-quality randomised clinical trials which investigate the effects of modification of dietary fat and other nutrient intakes with adequate follow-up. There is a need for well-designed trials that should include important clinical outcomes such as mortality, quality of life, impact on dissolution of gallstones, hospital admissions, surgical intervention, and adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Madden
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Nigel C Smeeton
- Centre for Research in Primary and Community Care, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Alison Culkin
- Nutrition & Dietetic Department, St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, UK
| | - Daksha Trivedi
- Centre for Research in Primary and Community Care, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
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Vela J, Dreyer L, Petersen KK, Arendt-Nielsen L, Duch KS, Amris K, Kristensen S. Quantitative sensory testing, psychological profiles and clinical pain in patients with psoriatic arthritis and hand osteoarthritis experiencing pain of at least moderate intensity. Eur J Pain 2024; 28:310-321. [PMID: 37712295 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.2183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain is the hallmark symptom of joint diseases. This study examined the differences in quantitative sensory testing between patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), hand osteoarthritis (hand-OA) and a pain-free control group and differences between patients with and without concomitant fibromyalgia (cFM). METHODS All patients and pain-free controls were assessed using pressure pain thresholds (PPT), temporal summation of pain (TSP), conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and clinical pain intensities. Psychological distress was assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Disability was assessed with the Health Assessment Questionnaire and pain quality with the painDETECT questionnaire. cFM was identified using the revised 2016 American College of Rheumatology diagnostic criteria. RESULTS Patients with hand-OA (n = 75) or PsA (n = 58) had statistically significant lower PPTs and CPM, greater TSP, and higher scores of psychological distress (p < 0.05) than controls (n = 20). Patients with cFM (58%) had higher scores of depression (p = 0.001), anxiety (p = 0.004), catastrophizing (p = 0.012), disability (p < 0.001), higher painDETECT score (p = 0.001), TSP (p = 0.027), and reduced sleep quality (p = 0.021) when compared to patients without cFM. CONCLUSION Patients with hand-OA and PsA exhibited signs of pain sensitization and a higher degree of psychological distress and disability than pain-free individuals. Patients with cFM had greater TSP, painDETECT score, disability, catastrophizing, and reduced sleep quality, than patients without, indicating greater degree of pain sensitization, psychological burden, and disability. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This paper shows that a significant proportion of patients with hand osteoarthritis and psoriatic arthritis with moderate pain intensity have significantly increased signs of pain sensitization and markers of psychological distress. A large proportion of these patients fulfil the criteria for concomitant fibromyalgia and these patients show even greater propensity towards pain sensitization and psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vela
- Center of Rheumatic Research Aalborg (CERRA), Department of Rheumatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - L Dreyer
- Center of Rheumatic Research Aalborg (CERRA), Department of Rheumatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - K K Petersen
- Centre for Neuroplasticity and Pain, SMI, School of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Center for Mathematical Modelling of Knee Osteoarthritis, Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - L Arendt-Nielsen
- Centre for Neuroplasticity and Pain, SMI, School of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mech-Sense, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - K Skjaerbaek Duch
- Center of Rheumatic Research Aalborg (CERRA), Department of Rheumatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Unit of Clinical Biostatistics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - K Amris
- Parker Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - S Kristensen
- Center of Rheumatic Research Aalborg (CERRA), Department of Rheumatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Eze P, Idemili CJ, Lawani LO. Evaluating health systems' efficiency towards universal health coverage: A data envelopment analysis. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2024; 61:469580241235759. [PMID: 38456456 PMCID: PMC10924553 DOI: 10.1177/00469580241235759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
To estimate the technical efficiency of health systems toward achieving universal health coverage (UHC) in 191 countries. We applied an output-oriented data envelopment analysis approach to estimate the technical efficiency of the health systems, including the UHC index (a summary measure that captures both service coverage and financial protection) as the output variable and per capita health expenditure, doctors, nurses, and hospital bed density as input variables. We used a Tobit simple-censored regression with bootstrap analysis to observe the socioeconomic and environmental factors associated with efficiency estimates. The global UHC index improved from the 2019 estimates, ranged from 48.4 (Somalia) to 94.8 (Canada), with a mean of 76.9 (std. dev.: ±12.0). Approximately 78.5% (150 of 191) of the studied countries were inefficient (ϕ < 1.0) with respect to using health system resources toward achieving UHC. By improving health system efficiency, low-income, lower-middle-income, upper-middle-income, and high-income countries can improve their UHC indices by 4.6%, 5.5%, 6.8%, and 4.1%, respectively, by using their current resource levels. The percentage of health expenditure spent on primary health care (PHC), governance quality, and the passage of UHC legislation significantly influenced efficiency estimates. Our findings suggests health systems inefficiency toward achieving UHC persists across countries, regardless of their income classifications and WHO regions, as well as indicating that using current level of resources, most countries could boost their progress toward UHC by improving their health system efficiency by increasing investments in PHC, improving health system governance, and where applicable, enacting/implementing UHC legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Eze
- Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
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11
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Gonen LD, Bokek-Cohen Y, Tarabeih M. The general public's attitude towards accepting payment for kidney donation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1282065. [PMID: 38162890 PMCID: PMC10756681 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1282065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Kidney transplantation has become the most cost-effective treatment for patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and offers them the highest quality of life. Yet, kidney donation is often inaccessible due to cultural and traditional beliefs about organ donation. The goal of our study is to assess the value of kidney donation using the Willingness to Accept (WTA) technique. We also aim to understand the factors influencing an individual's willingness to donate an organ. Methods A self-administered survey was completed by 985 participants from the general public. The quantitative method and survey design that were chosen used descriptive, correlational, nonparametric, and multivariate statistical tests. Results Most of the respondents, 895 (90.9%) are not willing to donate a kidney while alive. Four hundred and five (41.1%) of the respondents are not willing to donate a kidney after their death, while the rest are willing to donate their kidney after their death without financial compensation. The same attitude applies to the donation of a kidney from their relatives. Significant predictors from the results of the logistic regression model in predicting the lowest (minimal) amount that will encourage donation of one kidney after death were: Marital status; Nationality; Adi card holder; Knowing people who need a kidney donation; confidence in the medical staff; and consideration of the family's opinions regarding organ donation. Discussion Using cost benefit analysis (CBA), with the aim of evaluating the willingness of individuals to accept payment for innovative medical procedures, such as kidney donation, allows an assessment of the perceived value of the medical procedure and enables policymakers to decide whether to allocate funds or offer subsidies for kidney donation, given the limited healthcare resources available. During our research, we found that most participants did not support the commercialization of organs. Our recommendation for policymakers and health professionals is to continue providing adequate funding for kidney donations and to implement educational programs aimed at improving attitudes towards organ donation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mahdi Tarabeih
- School of Nursing, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv, Israel
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12
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Heels-Ansdell D, Billot L, Thabane L, Alhazzani W, Deane A, Guyatt G, Finfer S, Lauzier F, Myburgh J, Young P, Arabi Y, Marshall J, English S, Muscedere J, Ostermann M, Venkatesh B, Zytaruk N, Hardie M, Hammond N, Knowles S, Saunders L, Poole A, Al-Fares A, Xie F, Hall R, Cook D. REVISE: re-evaluating the inhibition of stress erosions in the ICU-statistical analysis plan for a randomized trial. Trials 2023; 24:796. [PMID: 38057875 PMCID: PMC10701941 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07794-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The REVISE (Re-Evaluating the Inhibition of Stress Erosions in the ICU) trial will evaluate the impact of the proton pump inhibitor pantoprazole compared to placebo in invasively ventilated critically ill patients. OBJECTIVE To outline the statistical analysis plan for the REVISE trial. METHODS REVISE is a randomized clinical trial ongoing in intensive care units (ICUs) internationally. Patients ≥ 18 years old, receiving invasive mechanical ventilation, and expected to remain ventilated beyond the calendar day after randomization are allocated to either 40 mg pantoprazole intravenously or placebo while mechanically ventilated. RESULTS The primary efficacy outcome is clinically important upper GI bleeding; the primary safety outcome is 90-day mortality. Secondary outcomes are ventilator-associated pneumonia, Clostridioides difficile infection, new renal replacement therapy, ICU and hospital mortality, and patient-important GI bleeding. Tertiary outcomes are total red blood cells transfused, peak serum creatinine concentration, and duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU, and hospital length of stay. Following an interim analysis of results from 2400 patients (50% of 4800 target sample size), the data monitoring committee recommended continuing enrolment. CONCLUSIONS This statistical analysis plan outlines the statistical analyses of all outcomes, sensitivity analyses, and subgroup analyses. REVISE will inform clinical practice and guidelines worldwide. TRIAL REGISTRATION www. CLINICALTRIALS gov NCT03374800. November 21, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Heels-Ansdell
- Department of Health Research Methods Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laurent Billot
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, University of New South Wales Medicine & Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Waleed Alhazzani
- Department of Health Research Methods Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam Deane
- Department of Critical Care, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gordon Guyatt
- Department of Health Research Methods Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon Finfer
- Critical Care Division, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - François Lauzier
- Division of Critical Care, Department of MedicineDepartment of Anesthesiology and Critical CareFaculty of Medicine, at l`Université LavalLaval UniversityUniversite Laval Faculte de medicine, Quebec, Canada
| | - John Myburgh
- Critical Care Division, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul Young
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Yaseen Arabi
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyad, Saudi Arabia
| | - John Marshall
- Department of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shane English
- Department of Medicine (Critical Care), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - John Muscedere
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Queens University| Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Bala Venkatesh
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicole Zytaruk
- Department of Health Research Methods Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Academic Critical Care Office Room D176, Critical Care Medicine, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miranda Hardie
- The George Institute for Global Health, Newton, Australia
| | - Naomi Hammond
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Serena Knowles
- The George Institute for Global Health, Newton, Australia
| | - Lois Saunders
- Academic Critical Care Office Room D176, Critical Care Medicine, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Abdulrahman Al-Fares
- Interdepartment Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Feng Xie
- Department of Health Research Methods Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Hall
- Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine, Halifax, Canada
| | - Deborah Cook
- Department of Health Research Methods Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
- Academic Critical Care Office Room D176, Critical Care Medicine, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Ciernikova S, Sevcikova A, Stevurkova V, Mego M. Diet-driven microbiome changes and physical activity in cancer patients. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1285516. [PMID: 38075222 PMCID: PMC10704146 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1285516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Exploring the role of the gut microbiome in oncology is gaining more attention, mainly due to its ability to shape the immune system in cancer patients. A well-balanced microbial composition forms a symbiotic relationship with the host organism. Mounting evidence supports the potential of modifiable lifestyle factors, such as diet and physical activity, in restoring intestinal dysbiosis related to cancer development and treatment. In this Minireview, we describe the host-microbiome interplay following different dietary patterns, including a high-fat diet, fiber-rich diet, diet rich in rice and beans, Mediterranean diet, ketogenic diet, and physical activity in preclinical findings and clinical settings. According to the results, nutrition is a critical factor influencing the composition of gut microbial communities. Therefore, knowledge about the patient's nutritional status in pre-treatment and treatment becomes crucial for further management. A combination of individualized dietary habits and professional training plans might help to maintain gut homeostasis, potentially improving the response to anti-cancer therapy and the quality of life in cancer survivors. However, a deep understanding of underlying mechanisms and large clinical trials are needed to uncover clinically relevant correlations for personalized treatment approaches leading to better outcomes for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Ciernikova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Aneta Sevcikova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Viola Stevurkova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Mego
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Bratislava and National Cancer Institute, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Wharton SB, Simpson JE, Ince PG, Richardson CD, Merrick R, Matthews FE, Brayne C. Insights into the pathological basis of dementia from population-based neuropathology studies. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2023; 49:e12923. [PMID: 37462105 PMCID: PMC10946587 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The epidemiological neuropathology perspective of population and community-based studies allows unbiased assessment of the prevalence of various pathologies and their relationships to late-life dementia. In addition, this approach provides complementary insights to conventional case-control studies, which tend to be more representative of a younger clinical cohort. The Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (CFAS) is a longitudinal study of cognitive impairment and frailty in the general United Kingdom population. In this review, we provide an overview of the major findings from CFAS, alongside other studies, which have demonstrated a high prevalence of pathology in the ageing brain, particularly Alzheimer's disease neuropathological change and vascular pathology. Increasing burdens of these pathologies are the major correlates of dementia, especially neurofibrillary tangles, but there is substantial overlap in pathology between those with and without dementia, particularly at intermediate burdens of pathology and also at the oldest ages. Furthermore, additional pathologies such as limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy, ageing-related tau astrogliopathy and primary age-related tauopathies contribute to late-life dementia. Findings from ageing population-representative studies have implications for the understanding of dementia pathology in the community. The high prevalence of pathology and variable relationship to dementia status has implications for disease definition and indicate a role for modulating factors on cognitive outcome. The complexity of late-life dementia, with mixed pathologies, indicates a need for a better understanding of these processes across the life-course to direct the best research for reducing risk in later life of avoidable clinical dementia syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B. Wharton
- Sheffield Institute for Translational NeuroscienceUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Julie E. Simpson
- Sheffield Institute for Translational NeuroscienceUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Paul G. Ince
- Sheffield Institute for Translational NeuroscienceUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | | | - Richard Merrick
- Cambridge Public Health, School of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CambridgeSheffieldUK
| | | | - Carol Brayne
- Cambridge Public Health, School of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CambridgeSheffieldUK
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Dolanc Merc M, Peterlin B, Lovrecic L. The genetic approach to stillbirth: A »systematic review«. Prenat Diagn 2023; 43:1220-1228. [PMID: 37072878 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Unexplained stillbirth is defined as a stillbirth with no known cause after the exclusion of common causes, including obstetric complications, infections, placental insufficiency or abruption, umbilical cord complications, and congenital abnormalities with or without known genetic cause. More than 60% of stillbirth cases remain unexplained. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the known genetic causes of unexplained stillbirth cases and to evaluate the current position and future directions for the use of genetic and genomic testing in expanding the knowledge in this field. A systematic search through several databases was performed using the keywords genetics and stillbirths in humans. Different methods to detect various types of causal genetic aberrations have been used in the past decades, from standard karyotyping to novel methods such as chromosomal microarray analysis and next generation sequencing technologies. Apart from common chromosomal aneuploidies, a promising hypothesis about genetic causes included genes related to cardiomyopathies and channelopathies. However, these were tested in the research settings, since molecular karyotyping is currently the standard approach in the routine evaluation of genetic causes of stillbirth. Hereby, we provide evidence that expanding knowledge using novel genetic and genomic testing might uncover new genetic causes of unexplained stillbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Dolanc Merc
- Department of Perinatology, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Borut Peterlin
- Clinical Institute for Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luca Lovrecic
- Clinical Institute for Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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16
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Długosz P. War trauma and strategies for coping with stress among Ukrainian refugees staying in Poland. J Migr Health 2023; 8:100196. [PMID: 37637859 PMCID: PMC10450964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2023.100196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The Russian military aggression against Ukraine resulted in a humanitarian crisis. There was a mass exodus of war refugees. More than 17 million people have left Ukraine since the war broke out. The refugees who came to Poland and other countries have experienced war trauma. The study aims to assess mental health of Ukrainian war refugees in Poland. Population and methods At the time of the study, that is, in April and May 2022, between 1,5 million and 2 million Ukrainian refugees were staying in Poland. They were mainly young women with their children. The CAWI (Computer-Assisted Web Interview) technique was used in the study. The research sample was selected using purposive sampling. The invitation to take part in the survey was posted on social media for Ukrainians in Poland, and also sent to the participants of a Polish as a Foreign Language course. The study utilizes the RHS-15 and a nominal scale measuring the strategies for coping with stress. Results The research sample consists of 737 respondents. The results of the screening tests indicate that depression, anxiety disorders and PTSD may be observed among 73% of respondents, whereas 66% of the respondents display psychological distress. The analyses have shown that higher levels of mental health disorders were observed among women and refugees who do not speak Polish. Younger respondents experienced a higher psychological distress. The results of the study also indicate that the refugees more often implemented problem-focused strategies. The analysis has shown that the respondents who followed active strategies scored the lowest on RHS-15. The emotion-focused strategies, such as praying, diverting attention by becoming involved in different activities or taking sedatives were not effective. The highest levels of disorders were present among the refugees who indicated resignation. Conclusions The collected observations indicate that the main problem which might hinder their adaptation could be mental health issues, which in turn impact the general deterioration of health and the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Długosz
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Pedagogical University of Krakow, ul. Podchorążych 2, Kraków 30-084, Poland
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17
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Oláh E. Learning from cancer to address COVID-19. Biol Futur 2023:10.1007/s42977-023-00156-5. [PMID: 37410273 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-023-00156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with cancer have been disproportionately affected by the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Knowledge collected during the last three decades of cancer research has helped the medical research community worldwide to respond to many of the challenges raised by COVID-19, during the pandemic. The review, briefly summarizes the underlying biology and risk factors of COVID-19 and cancer, and aims to present recent evidence on cellular and molecular relationship between the two diseases, with a focus on those that are related to the hallmarks of cancer and uncovered in the first less than three years of the pandemic (2020-2022). This may not only help answer the question "Why cancer patients are considered to be at a particularly high risk of developing severe COVID-19 illness?", but also helped treatments of patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The last session highlights the pioneering mRNA studies and the breakthrough discovery on nucleoside-modifications of mRNA by Katalin Karikó, which led to the innovation and development of the mRNA-based SARSCoV-2 vaccines saving lives of millions and also opened the door for a new era of vaccines and a new class of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edit Oláh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Ráth György u. 7-9, Budapest, 1122, Hungary.
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18
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McAuslane N, Bujar M, Sithole T, Ngum N, Owusu-Asante M, Walker S. Evaluation of Risk-Based Approaches to the Registration of Medicines: Current Status Among African Regulatory Authorities. Pharmaceut Med 2023; 37:251-260. [PMID: 37074548 PMCID: PMC10113993 DOI: 10.1007/s40290-023-00472-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the worldwide need for increased access to safe and effective medicines, there is a lack of innovative medicines in many low- to middle-income countries. On the African continent, this is partly due to capacity limitations of National Regulatory Authorities (NRAs). One important approach to address this issue is work sharing and regulatory reliance. Therefore, the aim of this study of regulatory authorities on the African continent was to identify which risk-based approaches are being used as well as their foreseen role in the future. METHODS The study employed a questionnaire to identify which risk-based models are used for the regulatory approval of medicines and to determine which frameworks are in place to enable a risk-based approach, as well as to provide insight into the future direction for risk-based models. The questionnaire was sent electronically to 26 NRAs in the African Continent. RESULTS Twenty-one authorities (80%) completed the questionnaire. Work sharing was the most commonly used model, followed closely by unilaterial reliance, information sharing, and collaborative review. These methods were perceived to be an effective and efficient use of resources, enabling faster medicine availability for patients. The unilateral reliance approach by the authorities included abridged (85%), verification (70%) and recognition (50%) models for a range of products. However, challenges included a lack of guidelines to undertake a reliance review together with resource constraints, while access to assessment reports was the most common barrier to using a unilateral reliance model. CONCLUSIONS Many authorities in Africa have adopted a risk-based approach to medicines registration and created work sharing, unilateral reliance pathways and regionalisation models to facilitate the availability of medicines. The authorities believe that in future, assessment routes should move from stand-alone reviews to risk-based models. However, this study indicated that there would be challenges to implement this approach in practice, which would include improving resource capacity and the number of expert reviewers as well as implementing electronic tracking systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil McAuslane
- Centre for Innovation in Regulatory Science, 70 St Mary Axe, London, UK
| | - Magda Bujar
- Centre for Innovation in Regulatory Science, 70 St Mary Axe, London, UK
| | - Tariro Sithole
- Medicines Control Authority of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Nancy Ngum
- African Union Development Agency-New Partnership for Africa's Development (AUDA-NEPAD), Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Stuart Walker
- Centre for Innovation in Regulatory Science, 70 St Mary Axe, London, UK.
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19
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Moita D, Maia TG, Duarte M, Andrade CM, Albuquerque IS, Dwivedi A, Silva JC, González-Céron L, Janse CJ, Mendes AM, Prudêncio M. A genetically modified Plasmodium berghei parasite as a surrogate for whole-sporozoite vaccination against P. vivax malaria. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:163. [PMID: 36526627 PMCID: PMC9755804 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00585-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Two malaria parasite species, Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) and P. vivax (Pv) are responsible for most of the disease burden caused by malaria. Vaccine development against this disease has focused mainly on Pf. Whole-sporozoite (WSp) vaccination, targeting pre-erythrocytic (PE) parasite stages, is a promising strategy for immunization against malaria and several PfWSp-based vaccine candidates are currently undergoing clinical evaluation. In contrast, no WSp candidates have been developed for Pv, mainly due to constraints in the production of Pv sporozoites in the laboratory. Recently, we developed a novel approach for WSp vaccination against Pf based on the use of transgenic rodent P. berghei (Pb) sporozoites expressing immunogens of this human-infective parasite. We showed that this platform can be used to deliver PE Pf antigens, eliciting both targeted humoral responses and cross-species cellular immune responses against Pf. Here we explored this WSp platform for the delivery of Pv antigens. As the Pv circumsporozoite protein (CSP) is a leading vaccine candidate antigen, we generated a transgenic Pb parasite, PbviVac, that, in addition to its endogenous PbCSP, expresses PvCSP under the control of a strictly PE promoter. Immunofluorescence microscopy analyses confirmed that both the PbCSP and the PvCSP antigens are expressed in PbviVac sporozoites and liver stages and that PbviVac sporozoite infectivity of hepatic cells is similar to that of its wild-type Pb counterpart. Immunization of mice with PbviVac sporozoites elicits the production of anti-PvCSP antibodies that efficiently recognize and bind to Pv sporozoites. Our results warrant further development and evaluation of PbviVac as a surrogate for WSp vaccination against Pv malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Moita
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa G Maia
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Duarte
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carolina M Andrade
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês S Albuquerque
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ankit Dwivedi
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joana C Silva
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lilia González-Céron
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | - Chris J Janse
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - António M Mendes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Prudêncio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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20
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Gupta RK, Pal S, Misra AK. Modeling the impact of precautionary measures and sanitation practices broadcasted through media on the dynamics of bacterial diseases. MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS AND ENVIRONMENT 2022; 9:397-412. [PMID: 36059593 PMCID: PMC9420191 DOI: 10.1007/s40808-022-01469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The media has a significant contribution in spreading awareness by broadcasting various programs about prevalent diseases in the society along with the role of providing information, feeding news and educating a large mass. In this paper, the effect of media programs promoting precautionary measures and sanitation practices to control the bacterial infection in the community is modeled and analyzed considering the number of media programs as a dynamical variable. In the modeling phenomena, human population is partitioned into three classes; susceptible, infected and recovered. The disease is supposed to spread by direct contact of susceptible with infected individuals and indirectly by the ingestion of bacteria present in the environment. The growth in the media programs is considered proportional to the size of infected population and the impact of these programs on the indirect disease transmission rate and bacteria shedding rate by infected individuals is also considered. The feasibility of equilibria and their stability conditions are obtained. Model analysis reveals that broadcasting media programs and increasing its effectiveness shrink the size of infected class and control the spread of disease to a large extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabindra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Mathematics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005 India
- Department of Mathematics, Butwal Multiple Campus, T.U., Butwal, Lumbini 284403 Nepal
| | - Soumitra Pal
- Department of Mathematics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005 India
| | - A. K. Misra
- Department of Mathematics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005 India
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21
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Bajwa IK, Kaur N, Dsouza JM, Mathew JL. Evaluation of efficacy and safety of intradermal delivery of vaccines through microneedle(s) in human beings: a protocol for a systematic review. Syst Rev 2022; 11:170. [PMID: 35964062 PMCID: PMC9375374 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-022-02046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microneedles are defined as micron-sized projections with an insertion length ranging from 20 to 1500 μm and an external diameter up to 300 μm. Medications administered through microneedles diffuse through the deeper layers of the skin, into the systemic circulation, with minimal stimulation of pain-sensitive nerve endings. The rich presence of dendritic cells in the dermis makes microneedle-based vaccine delivery an attractive option. This systematic review will evaluate the efficacy and safety of intradermal delivery of vaccines using microneedles, in human beings. METHODS We will search the following databases for studies reporting the efficacy and/or safety of intradermal delivery of vaccines using microneedles: Epistemonikos and the Cochrane Library for systematic reviews and MEDLINE (through PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, LIVIVO, Web of Science, Scopus and CINAHL databases for primary studies. We will also search grey literature databases and hand search reference lists of relevant studies. We will include randomised and quasi-randomised trials in human beings (any age), using microneedles (any material, length or bore) to deliver vaccines intradermally, wherein outcomes reflecting efficacy, safety, pain responses, participant satisfaction or cost are reported. We will additionally include non-randomised observational studies for long-term safety outcomes that are not reported in trials. Eligibility for inclusion will be independently determined by two reviewers. The risk of bias of the included studies will be assessed using the Cochrane RoB2 Tool (for randomised trials) and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (for other study designs). Data on efficacy and safety will be pooled through meta-analysis (where feasible). We will explore the heterogeneity amongst randomised trials, using the Higgins and Thompson I2 method. We will undertake sensitivity analysis to explore the impact of study quality and subgroup analysis based on the age of participants, length of microneedle and vaccine dosage. The GRADE approach will be used to estimate the confidence in the evidence. RESULTS This is a protocol for a systematic review; hence, there are no results at this stage. DISCUSSION The proposed systematic review will provide evidence on efficacy, safety, pain responses, participant acceptability and cost in human beings (adults and children) for vaccines administered through the intradermal route using microneedles. Since intradermal injections using microneedles are associated with less pain due to their short lengths and narrow bores, we anticipate that delivery of vaccine antigens using this method could be a safe, efficacious and less painful alternative compared with conventional injections using hypodermic needles. The evidence in this review will be useful for policymakers, vaccine manufacturers and healthcare providers to consider this approach for the vaccination of infants and children in routine immunisation programmes. Therefore, we plan to disseminate the review through a peer-reviewed journal publication and will also provide data that cannot be included in the published version to anyone upon reasonable request. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42020213608.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishumeet Kaur Bajwa
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Jeanne M. Dsouza
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, 576104 India
| | - Joseph L. Mathew
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
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22
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Leroy R, Bourgeois J, Verleye L, Toma S. Should systemic antibiotics be prescribed in periodontal abscesses and pericoronitis? A systematic review of the literature. Eur J Oral Sci 2022; 130:e12884. [PMID: 35781706 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed whether systemic antibiotics are beneficial or harmful in patients who present with an acute periodontal abscess or pericoronitis, with or without systemic involvement, and, if antibiotics are beneficial, which type, dosage, and duration are the most effective. Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were screened from 1948 up to 1 April 2022 for systematic reviews, randomised clinical trials (RCTs), and other studies. Dedicated websites were consulted for systematic reviews, clinical practice guidelines, and health technology assessments on the topic. Outcomes of interest comprised tooth survival, swelling, pain, tooth mobility, periodontal probing depth, suppuration, adverse effects, quality of life measurements, and medication required for pain relief. Overall, five guidelines, seven systematic reviews, 15 RCTs, and 34 other studies were identified and selected for full-text assessment, but none of them fulfilled the inclusion criteria. At present there is no single randomised or non-randomised controlled trial assessing the harms and clinical effectiveness of systemic antibiotics in adults with a periodontal abscess or pericoronitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roos Leroy
- Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre (KCE), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Leen Verleye
- Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre (KCE), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Selena Toma
- Department of Periodontology, Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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23
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Jolliffe R, Adams D, Simpson K. Trait Anxiety in Individuals on the Autism Spectrum: a Systematic Review. REVIEW JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40489-022-00308-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAlthough anxiety is commonly researched in autism, the focus has predominantly been on anxiety disorders and not upon general levels of anxiousness or trait anxiety. This review summarises research investigating trait anxiety in autism. Systematic searches yielded 1099 records, with 23 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Study participants were mainly males from Western countries, with no representation of older adults or individuals with intellectual disability. All articles used self-report questionnaire trait anxiety measures. Anxiety measure psychometric details were absent in most studies, with 21 using subjective measures that are not validated for use in autism. Results showed higher trait anxiety scores in autism versus control groups, and correlations between trait anxiety scores and other study outcomes.
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24
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Ewens B, Kemp V, Towell-Barnard A, Whitehead L. The nursing care of people with class III obesity in an acute care setting: a scoping review. BMC Nurs 2022; 21:33. [PMID: 35090451 PMCID: PMC8796636 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-021-00760-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with Class III obesity pose unique challenges to health care staff and organisations. Care requirements of this population are unique and require specialised equipment and knowledge to meet these needs, maintain the quality of care, as well as the safety of patients and staff. AIM To synthesise the evidence on the nursing care of Class III obese patients in acute care settings. METHODS A scoping review informed by JBI. CINAHL Plus, Medline, Scopus, Proquest Central, Web of Science and Embase were searched for primary research articles about the nursing management of people classified as Class III obese in acute care. Methodological quality of included studies was assessed; data extracted and synthesised into themes. RESULTS Fourteen studies were included in the review. The synthesis generated three themes: Access to equipment, knowledge and training, patient care, and opportunities to improve care. CONCLUSIONS A paucity of high-quality evidence informs the nursing care of people with Class III obesity in acute care. Access to appropriate equipment dominated the findings of this review. Adequate provision of equipment and education on its use are required. Education to promote engagement with patients, adapting clinical practice and promotion of self-care could improve care and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverley Ewens
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027 Australia
| | - Vivien Kemp
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027 Australia
| | - Amanda Towell-Barnard
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027 Australia
| | - Lisa Whitehead
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027 Australia
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25
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Kollar B, Siarnik P, Hluchanova A, Klobucnikova K, Mucska I, Turcani P, Paduchova Z, Katrencikova B, Janubova M, Konarikova K, Argalasova L, Oravec S, Zitnanova I. The impact of sleep apnea syndrome on the altered lipid metabolism and the redox balance. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:175. [PMID: 34865634 PMCID: PMC8647408 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01604-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disorder with a significant risk for cardiovascular diseases. Dyslipidemia and redox imbalance belong to potential mechanisms linking OSA with the development of vascular diseases. The main aim of this study was the evaluation of the presence of lipid abnormalities in OSA patients, focusing on small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions and determination of the redox imbalance by evaluating the marker of oxidative damage to plasma lipids - lipoperoxides. Methods The study included 15 male subjects with polysomnographically confirmed OSA and 16 male healthy controls. Plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL and HDL and their subfractions, triacylglycerols and lipoperoxides were determined in all study individuals. Plasma LDL and HDL subfractions were separated by the Lipoprint system which is a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Lipoperoxide levels were determined spectrophotometrically. Results OSA patients had significantly higher triacylglycerols, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol compared to healthy controls. HDL cholesterol was not significantly different. Of the LDL and HDL subfractions, OSA patients had significantly lower levels of atheroprotective LDL1 and large HDL subfractions and significantly higher levels of atherogenic small dense LDL3–7 and HDL8–10 subfractions. Lipoperoxide levels in patients with OSA were significantly elevated compared to healthy individuals. Conclusion The lipoprotein pro-atherogenic phenotype was found in individuals with OSA characterized by increased levels of atherogenic lipoprotein subfractions and reduced levels of atheroprotective subfractions. In addition, a plasma redox imbalance was found in patients with OSA compared to controls by detecting higher oxidative damage to lipids. Abnormalities in lipoprotein levels in patients with OSA, as well as the redox imbalance, could lead to an acceleration of the atherosclerotic process in predisposed individuals and thus represent a significant risk factor for vasular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branislav Kollar
- 1st Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavel Siarnik
- 1st Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alzbeta Hluchanova
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Klobucnikova
- 1st Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Imrich Mucska
- Outpatient Clinic for Sleep-Disordered Breathing, University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Turcani
- 1st Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Paduchova
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Katrencikova
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maria Janubova
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Konarikova
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubica Argalasova
- Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stanislav Oravec
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ingrid Zitnanova
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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26
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Vance DE, Fazeli PL, Azuero A, Wadley VG, Raper JL, Ball KK. Can Individualized-Targeted Computerized Cognitive Training Benefit Adults with HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder? The Training on Purpose Study (TOPS). AIDS Behav 2021; 25:3898-3908. [PMID: 33733311 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03230-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Half of people with HIV (PWH) have HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). This study examined whether cognition can be improved using a framework targeting impaired individual cognitive domains in PWH with HAND. In this two-group pre-post experimental design study, 88 adults with HAND were randomized to either: (1) a no-contact control group (n = 40) or (2) the Individualized-Targeted Cognitive Training group (n = 48). Baseline cognitive performance was assessed on eight cognitive domains. A theoretical framework was used to determine the two cognitive domains selected for training. With priority on speed of processing (SOP) and attention impairments, participants received SOP and/or attention training if such impairments were detected; if not, participants were assigned to cognitive training in one/two of the least impaired cognitive domains contributing to their HAND diagnosis. Global cognitive score was slightly improved following training (p = 0.256; d = - 0.21), but it was not significant. Significant improvements were observed on SOP following training in that domain (SOP; d = - 0.88; p = 0.011). SOP training also improved functioning in other cognitive domains. This individualized cognitive intervention did not change HAND status, but it did result in improved SOP, in turn yielding improvement in other cognitive domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Vance
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1701 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35294-1210, USA.
| | - Pariya L Fazeli
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1701 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35294-1210, USA
| | - Andres Azuero
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1701 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35294-1210, USA
| | - Virginia G Wadley
- Integrative Center for Aging Research, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James L Raper
- UAB 1917 Clinic at Dewberry, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Karlene K Ball
- UAB Center for Research on Applied Gerontology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Mehta K, Hoadley A, Ray LA, Kiluk BD, Carroll KM, Magill M. Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions Targeting Alcohol or Other Drug Use and Co-Occurring Mental Health Disorders: A Meta-Analysis. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 56:535-544. [PMID: 33778869 PMCID: PMC8406071 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS This meta-analysis reviewed 15 clinical trials (18 study sites/arms), examining the efficacy of an integrated cognitive-behavioral intervention (CBI) delivered to individuals with an alcohol or other drug use disorder and a co-occurring mental health disorder (AOD/MHD). Outcomes were alcohol or other drug use and mental health symptoms at post-treatment through follow-up. METHODS The inverse-variance weighted effect size was calculated for each study and pooled under random effects assumptions. RESULTS Integrated CBI showed a small effect size for AOD (g = 0.188, P = 0.061; I2 = 86%, τ2 = 0.126, k = 18) and MHD (g = 0.169, P = 0.024; I2 = 58%, τ2 = 0.052, k = 18) outcomes, although only MHD outcomes were statistically significant. Analysis by subgroup suggested that effect magnitude varied by type of contrast condition (integrated CBI + usual care vs. usual care only; integrated CBI vs. a single-disorder intervention), follow-up time point (post-treatment vs. 3-6 months) and primary AOD/MHD diagnosis, although these sub-groups often contained significant residual heterogeneity. In a series of mixed effects, meta-regression models, demographic factors were non-significant predictors of between-study heterogeneity. For AOD outcomes, greater effects were observed in higher quality studies, but study quality was not related to effect size variability for MHD outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The current meta-analysis shows a small and variable effect for integrated CBI with the most promising effect sizes observed for integrated CBI compared with a single disorder intervention (typically an AOD-only intervention) for follow-up outcomes, and for interventions targeting alcohol use and/or post-traumatic stress disorder. Given the clinical and methodological variability within the sample, results should be considered a preliminary, but important step forward in our understanding of treatment for co-occurring AOD/MHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahini Mehta
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Ariel Hoadley
- College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Lara A Ray
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Brian D Kiluk
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Kathleen M Carroll
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Molly Magill
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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Syed Sheriff RJ, Vuorre M, Riga E, Przybylski AK, Adams H, Harmer CJ, Geddes JR. A cultural experience to support mental health in people aged 16-24 during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to a typical museum website: study protocol of an online randomised controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:482. [PMID: 34294126 PMCID: PMC8295970 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the high prevalence of common mental disorders in adolescents and young adults, and their association with poor health and socio-economic outcomes throughout the lifespan, many young people do not seek or receive help for such disorders. There is growing interest in the community sector in supporting mental health in young people; however, there is little by way of experimental research in this area. During the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown, we designed an online cultural experience to reduce anxiety and depression and support mental health in people aged 16–24. Methods/design The O-ACE POP (Online Active Community Engagement Proof of Principle) study is a UK-based online randomised controlled trial of an online cultural experience named Ways of Being, involving human centred narratives and viewpoints, compared with a typical museum website (the Ashmolean Museum). We aim to compare efficacy on affect, symptoms of epression and anxiety, flourishing and loneliness as well as investigating potential mechanisms of action. Discussion The COVID-19 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to design an innovative approach to supporting mental health in young adults. Findings derived from this study will allow us to evaluate the efficacy of this intervention and will inform the design of studies to further refine the resource and test it further. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04663594. Registered on 11 December 2020 (submitted in same form 27 November 2020). Protocol v1.0: 27 November 2020. Date recruitment began: 4 December 2020. Recruitment complete (estimate): February 2021
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Syed Sheriff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. .,Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
| | - Matti Vuorre
- Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Evgenia Riga
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Helen Adams
- Gardens, Libraries and Museums Division, Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine J Harmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - John R Geddes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.,NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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Truong J, Bakshi S, Wasim A, Ahmad M, Majid U. What factors promote vaccine hesitancy or acceptance during pandemics? A systematic review and thematic analysis. Health Promot Int 2021; 37:6318107. [PMID: 34244738 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Examine the factors that promote vaccine hesitancy or acceptance during pandemics, major epidemics and global outbreaks. A systematic review and thematic analysis of 28 studies on the Influenza A/H1N1 pandemic and the global spread of Ebola Virus Disease. We found seven major factors that promote vaccine hesitancy or acceptance: demographic factors influencing vaccination (ethnicity, age, sex, pregnancy, education, and employment), accessibility and cost, personal responsibility and risk perceptions, precautionary measures taken based on the decision to vaccinate, trust in health authorities and vaccines, the safety and efficacy of a new vaccine, and lack of information or vaccine misinformation. An understanding of participant experiences and perspectives toward vaccines from previous pandemics will greatly inform the development of strategies to address the present situation with the COVID-19 pandemic. We discuss the impact vaccine hesitancy might have for the introduction and effectiveness of a potential COVID-19 vaccine. In particular, we believe that skepticism toward vaccines can still exist when there are no vaccines available, which is contrary to contemporary conceptualizations of vaccine hesitancy. We recommend conducting further research assessing the relationship between the accessibility and cost of vaccines, and vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Truong
- Research & Development, MaRS Discovery District, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simran Bakshi
- BSc Undergraduate Science Program, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aghna Wasim
- BSc Undergraduate Psychology Program, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mobeen Ahmad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Abington Memorial Hospital/Abington-Jefferson Health, Abington, PA, USA
| | - Umair Majid
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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30
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Mah J, Lieu A, Palayew M, Alipour P, Kong LY, Song S, Palayew A, Tutt-Guérette MA, Yang SS, Wilchesky M, Lipes J, Azoulay L, Greenaway C. Comparison of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who did and did not live in residential care facilities in Montréal: a retrospective case series. CMAJ Open 2021; 9:E718-E727. [PMID: 34257090 PMCID: PMC8313094 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20200244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As in other jurisdictions, the demographics of people infected with SARS-CoV-2 changed in Quebec over the course of the first COVID-19 pandemic wave, and affected those living in residential care facilities (RCFs) disproportionately. We evaluated the association between clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19, comparing those did or did not live in RCFs. METHODS We conducted a retrospective case series of all consecutive adults (≥ 18 yr) admitted to the Jewish General Hospital in Montréal with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from Mar. 4 to June 30, 2020, with in-hospital follow-up until Aug. 6, 2020. We collected patient demographics, comorbidities and outcomes (i.e., admission to the intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation and death) from medical and laboratory records and compared patients who did or did not live in public and private RCFs. We evaluated factors associated with the risk of in-hospital death with a Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS In total, 656 patients were hospitalized between March and June 2020, including 303 patients who lived in RCFs and 353 patients who did not. The mean age was 72.9 (standard deviation 18.3) years (range 21 to 106 yr); 349 (53.2%) were female and 118 (18.0%) were admitted to the intensive care unit. The overall mortality rate was 23.8% (156/656), but was higher among patients living in RCFs (36.6% [111/303]) compared with those not living in RCFs (12.7% [45/353]). Increased risk of death was associated with age 80 years and older (hazard ratio [HR] 2.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35-4.24), male sex (HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.25-2.41), the presence of 4 or more comorbidities (HR 2.01, 95% CI 1.18-3.42) and living in an RCF (HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.09-2.39). INTERPRETATION During the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in Montréal, more than one-third of RCF residents hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection died during hospitalization. Policies and practices that prevent future outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 infection in this setting must be implemented to prevent high mortality in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Mah
- Faculty of Medicine (Mah, Lieu, M. Palayew, Alipour, Kong, Yang, Wilchesky, Lipes, Greenaway), McGill University; Division of Respirology (M. Palayew), Jewish General Hospital, Montréal; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (Kong, Song, Tutt-Guérette, Wilchesky, Lipes, Azoulay, Greenaway), Jewish General Hospital; Division of Infectious Diseases (Kong, Greenaway), Jewish General Hospital; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Occupational Health (A. Palayew, Azoulay, Greenaway), McGill University; Department of Anesthesia (Yang), Jewish General Hospital; Division of Critical Care (Yang, Lipes), Jewish General Hospital; Donald Berman Maimonides Centre for Research in Aging (Wilchesky); Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology (Azoulay), McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - Anthony Lieu
- Faculty of Medicine (Mah, Lieu, M. Palayew, Alipour, Kong, Yang, Wilchesky, Lipes, Greenaway), McGill University; Division of Respirology (M. Palayew), Jewish General Hospital, Montréal; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (Kong, Song, Tutt-Guérette, Wilchesky, Lipes, Azoulay, Greenaway), Jewish General Hospital; Division of Infectious Diseases (Kong, Greenaway), Jewish General Hospital; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Occupational Health (A. Palayew, Azoulay, Greenaway), McGill University; Department of Anesthesia (Yang), Jewish General Hospital; Division of Critical Care (Yang, Lipes), Jewish General Hospital; Donald Berman Maimonides Centre for Research in Aging (Wilchesky); Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology (Azoulay), McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - Mark Palayew
- Faculty of Medicine (Mah, Lieu, M. Palayew, Alipour, Kong, Yang, Wilchesky, Lipes, Greenaway), McGill University; Division of Respirology (M. Palayew), Jewish General Hospital, Montréal; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (Kong, Song, Tutt-Guérette, Wilchesky, Lipes, Azoulay, Greenaway), Jewish General Hospital; Division of Infectious Diseases (Kong, Greenaway), Jewish General Hospital; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Occupational Health (A. Palayew, Azoulay, Greenaway), McGill University; Department of Anesthesia (Yang), Jewish General Hospital; Division of Critical Care (Yang, Lipes), Jewish General Hospital; Donald Berman Maimonides Centre for Research in Aging (Wilchesky); Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology (Azoulay), McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - Pouria Alipour
- Faculty of Medicine (Mah, Lieu, M. Palayew, Alipour, Kong, Yang, Wilchesky, Lipes, Greenaway), McGill University; Division of Respirology (M. Palayew), Jewish General Hospital, Montréal; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (Kong, Song, Tutt-Guérette, Wilchesky, Lipes, Azoulay, Greenaway), Jewish General Hospital; Division of Infectious Diseases (Kong, Greenaway), Jewish General Hospital; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Occupational Health (A. Palayew, Azoulay, Greenaway), McGill University; Department of Anesthesia (Yang), Jewish General Hospital; Division of Critical Care (Yang, Lipes), Jewish General Hospital; Donald Berman Maimonides Centre for Research in Aging (Wilchesky); Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology (Azoulay), McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - Ling Yuan Kong
- Faculty of Medicine (Mah, Lieu, M. Palayew, Alipour, Kong, Yang, Wilchesky, Lipes, Greenaway), McGill University; Division of Respirology (M. Palayew), Jewish General Hospital, Montréal; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (Kong, Song, Tutt-Guérette, Wilchesky, Lipes, Azoulay, Greenaway), Jewish General Hospital; Division of Infectious Diseases (Kong, Greenaway), Jewish General Hospital; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Occupational Health (A. Palayew, Azoulay, Greenaway), McGill University; Department of Anesthesia (Yang), Jewish General Hospital; Division of Critical Care (Yang, Lipes), Jewish General Hospital; Donald Berman Maimonides Centre for Research in Aging (Wilchesky); Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology (Azoulay), McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - Sunny Song
- Faculty of Medicine (Mah, Lieu, M. Palayew, Alipour, Kong, Yang, Wilchesky, Lipes, Greenaway), McGill University; Division of Respirology (M. Palayew), Jewish General Hospital, Montréal; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (Kong, Song, Tutt-Guérette, Wilchesky, Lipes, Azoulay, Greenaway), Jewish General Hospital; Division of Infectious Diseases (Kong, Greenaway), Jewish General Hospital; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Occupational Health (A. Palayew, Azoulay, Greenaway), McGill University; Department of Anesthesia (Yang), Jewish General Hospital; Division of Critical Care (Yang, Lipes), Jewish General Hospital; Donald Berman Maimonides Centre for Research in Aging (Wilchesky); Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology (Azoulay), McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - Adam Palayew
- Faculty of Medicine (Mah, Lieu, M. Palayew, Alipour, Kong, Yang, Wilchesky, Lipes, Greenaway), McGill University; Division of Respirology (M. Palayew), Jewish General Hospital, Montréal; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (Kong, Song, Tutt-Guérette, Wilchesky, Lipes, Azoulay, Greenaway), Jewish General Hospital; Division of Infectious Diseases (Kong, Greenaway), Jewish General Hospital; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Occupational Health (A. Palayew, Azoulay, Greenaway), McGill University; Department of Anesthesia (Yang), Jewish General Hospital; Division of Critical Care (Yang, Lipes), Jewish General Hospital; Donald Berman Maimonides Centre for Research in Aging (Wilchesky); Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology (Azoulay), McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - Marc Antoine Tutt-Guérette
- Faculty of Medicine (Mah, Lieu, M. Palayew, Alipour, Kong, Yang, Wilchesky, Lipes, Greenaway), McGill University; Division of Respirology (M. Palayew), Jewish General Hospital, Montréal; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (Kong, Song, Tutt-Guérette, Wilchesky, Lipes, Azoulay, Greenaway), Jewish General Hospital; Division of Infectious Diseases (Kong, Greenaway), Jewish General Hospital; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Occupational Health (A. Palayew, Azoulay, Greenaway), McGill University; Department of Anesthesia (Yang), Jewish General Hospital; Division of Critical Care (Yang, Lipes), Jewish General Hospital; Donald Berman Maimonides Centre for Research in Aging (Wilchesky); Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology (Azoulay), McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - Stephen Su Yang
- Faculty of Medicine (Mah, Lieu, M. Palayew, Alipour, Kong, Yang, Wilchesky, Lipes, Greenaway), McGill University; Division of Respirology (M. Palayew), Jewish General Hospital, Montréal; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (Kong, Song, Tutt-Guérette, Wilchesky, Lipes, Azoulay, Greenaway), Jewish General Hospital; Division of Infectious Diseases (Kong, Greenaway), Jewish General Hospital; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Occupational Health (A. Palayew, Azoulay, Greenaway), McGill University; Department of Anesthesia (Yang), Jewish General Hospital; Division of Critical Care (Yang, Lipes), Jewish General Hospital; Donald Berman Maimonides Centre for Research in Aging (Wilchesky); Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology (Azoulay), McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - Machelle Wilchesky
- Faculty of Medicine (Mah, Lieu, M. Palayew, Alipour, Kong, Yang, Wilchesky, Lipes, Greenaway), McGill University; Division of Respirology (M. Palayew), Jewish General Hospital, Montréal; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (Kong, Song, Tutt-Guérette, Wilchesky, Lipes, Azoulay, Greenaway), Jewish General Hospital; Division of Infectious Diseases (Kong, Greenaway), Jewish General Hospital; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Occupational Health (A. Palayew, Azoulay, Greenaway), McGill University; Department of Anesthesia (Yang), Jewish General Hospital; Division of Critical Care (Yang, Lipes), Jewish General Hospital; Donald Berman Maimonides Centre for Research in Aging (Wilchesky); Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology (Azoulay), McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - Jed Lipes
- Faculty of Medicine (Mah, Lieu, M. Palayew, Alipour, Kong, Yang, Wilchesky, Lipes, Greenaway), McGill University; Division of Respirology (M. Palayew), Jewish General Hospital, Montréal; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (Kong, Song, Tutt-Guérette, Wilchesky, Lipes, Azoulay, Greenaway), Jewish General Hospital; Division of Infectious Diseases (Kong, Greenaway), Jewish General Hospital; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Occupational Health (A. Palayew, Azoulay, Greenaway), McGill University; Department of Anesthesia (Yang), Jewish General Hospital; Division of Critical Care (Yang, Lipes), Jewish General Hospital; Donald Berman Maimonides Centre for Research in Aging (Wilchesky); Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology (Azoulay), McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - Laurent Azoulay
- Faculty of Medicine (Mah, Lieu, M. Palayew, Alipour, Kong, Yang, Wilchesky, Lipes, Greenaway), McGill University; Division of Respirology (M. Palayew), Jewish General Hospital, Montréal; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (Kong, Song, Tutt-Guérette, Wilchesky, Lipes, Azoulay, Greenaway), Jewish General Hospital; Division of Infectious Diseases (Kong, Greenaway), Jewish General Hospital; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Occupational Health (A. Palayew, Azoulay, Greenaway), McGill University; Department of Anesthesia (Yang), Jewish General Hospital; Division of Critical Care (Yang, Lipes), Jewish General Hospital; Donald Berman Maimonides Centre for Research in Aging (Wilchesky); Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology (Azoulay), McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - Christina Greenaway
- Faculty of Medicine (Mah, Lieu, M. Palayew, Alipour, Kong, Yang, Wilchesky, Lipes, Greenaway), McGill University; Division of Respirology (M. Palayew), Jewish General Hospital, Montréal; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (Kong, Song, Tutt-Guérette, Wilchesky, Lipes, Azoulay, Greenaway), Jewish General Hospital; Division of Infectious Diseases (Kong, Greenaway), Jewish General Hospital; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Occupational Health (A. Palayew, Azoulay, Greenaway), McGill University; Department of Anesthesia (Yang), Jewish General Hospital; Division of Critical Care (Yang, Lipes), Jewish General Hospital; Donald Berman Maimonides Centre for Research in Aging (Wilchesky); Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology (Azoulay), McGill University, Montréal, Que.
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Negotiating Multiple Stigmas: Substance Use in the Lives of Women Experiencing Homelessness. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00560-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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32
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Marazziti D, Avella MT, Ivaldi T, Palermo S, Massa L, Vecchia AD, Basile L, Mucci F. Neuroenhancement: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2021; 18:137-169. [PMID: 34909030 PMCID: PMC8629054 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20210303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological neuroenhancement refers to the non-medical use of prescription drugs, alcohol, illegal drugs, or the so-called soft enhancers for the purpose of improving cognition, mood, pro-social behavior, or work and academic performance. This phenomenon is undoubtedly more frequent than previously supposed especially amongst university students. The aim of the present paper was to carefully review and comment on the available literature on neuroenhancement, according to Prisma guidelines. The results showed a great use of all prescribed drugs (benzodiazepines, antidepressants, antipsychotics, nootropic compounds, and especially stimulants) as neuroenhancers amongst healthy subjects, although probably the real prevalence is underestimated. The use of illicit drugs and soft enhancers is similarly quite common. Data on the improvement of cognition by other compounds, such as oxytocin and pheromones, or non-pharmacological techniques, specifically deep brain stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation, are still limited. In any case, if it is true that human beings are embedded by the desire to overcome the limits of their intrinsic nature, neuroenhancement practices put into question the concept of authenticity. Therefore, the problem appears quite complex and requires to be deepened and analyzed with no prejudice, although within an ethical conceptual frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Marazziti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
- Unicamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Avella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Tea Ivaldi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Palermo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Massa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Della Vecchia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Basile
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Mucci
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Italy
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33
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Motrico E, Bina R, Domínguez-Salas S, Mateus V, Contreras-García Y, Carrasco-Portiño M, Ajaz E, Apter G, Christoforou A, Dikmen-Yildiz P, Felice E, Hancheva C, Vousoura E, Wilson CA, Buhagiar R, Cadarso-Suárez C, Costa R, Devouche E, Ganho-Ávila A, Gómez-Baya D, Gude F, Hadjigeorgiou E, Levy D, Osorio A, Rodriguez MF, Saldivia S, González MF, Mattioli M, Mesquita A. Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on perinatal mental health (Riseup-PPD-COVID-19): protocol for an international prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:368. [PMID: 33596889 PMCID: PMC7887558 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10330-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19) is a new pandemic, declared a public health emergency by the World Health Organization, which could have negative consequences for pregnant and postpartum women. The scarce evidence published to date suggests that perinatal mental health has deteriorated since the COVID-19 outbreak. However, the few studies published so far have some limitations, such as a cross-sectional design and the omission of important factors for the understanding of perinatal mental health, including governmental restriction measures and healthcare practices implemented at the maternity hospitals. Within the Riseup-PPD COST Action, a study is underway to assess the impact of COVID-19 in perinatal mental health. The primary objectives are to (1) evaluate changes in perinatal mental health outcomes; and (2) determine the risk and protective factors for perinatal mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, we will compare the results between the countries participating in the study. METHODS This is an international prospective cohort study, with a baseline and three follow-up assessments over a six-month period. It is being carried out in 11 European countries (Albania, Bulgaria, Cyprus, France, Greece, Israel, Malta, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, and the United Kingdom), Argentina, Brazil and Chile. The sample consists of adult pregnant and postpartum women (with infants up to 6 months of age). The assessment includes measures on COVID-19 epidemiology and public health measures (Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker dataset), Coronavirus Perinatal Experiences (COPE questionnaires), psychological distress (BSI-18), depression (EPDS), anxiety (GAD-7) and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSD checklist for DSM-V). DISCUSSION This study will provide important information for understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on perinatal mental health and well-being, including the identification of potential risk and protective factors by implementing predictive models using machine learning techniques. The findings will help policymakers develop suitable guidelines and prevention strategies for perinatal mental health and contribute to designing tailored mental health interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04595123 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Motrico
- Psychology Department, Universidad Loyola Andalucia, Avenida de las Universidades s/n, Dos Hermanas (Sevilla), Spain.
| | - Rena Bina
- School of Social Work, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sara Domínguez-Salas
- Psychology Department, Universidad Loyola Andalucia, Avenida de las Universidades s/n, Dos Hermanas (Sevilla), Spain
| | - Vera Mateus
- Graduate Program on Developmental Disorders, Center for Biological and Health Sciences - Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yolanda Contreras-García
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Puericultura, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Mercedes Carrasco-Portiño
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Puericultura, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Erilda Ajaz
- Department of Education Sciences and Psychology, Beder College University, Tirana, Albania
| | - Gisele Apter
- Perinatal and Child Psychiatry, Le Havre Hospital, Normandie University Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Andri Christoforou
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | | | - Eleni Vousoura
- Department of Psychology, American College of Greece, Gravias 6, 15342, Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Claire A Wilson
- Section of Women's Mental Health, King's College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Carmen Cadarso-Suárez
- Department of Statistics, Mathematical Analysis and Optimization, Group of Biostatistics and Biomedical Data Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Rúa San Francisco, S/N, 15895, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raquel Costa
- Unidade de Investigação em Epidemiologia (EPIUnit, UIDB/04750/2020), Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto (ISPUP). Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
- Universidade Europeia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Emmanuel Devouche
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé (LPPS, UR4057), Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, Paris, France
| | - Ana Ganho-Ávila
- Univ Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, 3000-115, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diego Gómez-Baya
- Department of Social, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universidad de Huelva, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas, 21007, Huelva, Spain
| | - Francisco Gude
- Department of Epidemiology, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago, Research Group on Epidemiology of Common Diseases, Santiago de Compostela Health Research Institute (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eleni Hadjigeorgiou
- Department of Nursing, Midwifery, School of Health Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Drorit Levy
- School of Social Work, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ana Osorio
- Graduate Program on Developmental Disorders, Center for Biological and Health Sciences - Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - María Fe Rodriguez
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Saldivia
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - María Fernanda González
- Faculty of Health Sciences, National University of Entre Rios, Concepción del Uruguay, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Marina Mattioli
- Faculty of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos, Concepción del Uruguay, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Ana Mesquita
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
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Irving PM, de Lusignan S, Tang D, Nijher M, Barrett K. Risk of common infections in people with inflammatory bowel disease in primary care: a population-based cohort study. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2021; 8:bmjgast-2020-000573. [PMID: 33597152 PMCID: PMC7893652 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2020-000573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the risk of common infections in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease] compared with matched controls in a contemporary UK primary care population. DESIGN Matched cohort analysis (2014-2019) using the Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre primary care database. Risk of common infections, viral infections and gastrointestinal infections (including a subset of culture-confirmed infections), and predictors of common infections, were evaluated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS 18 829 people with IBD were matched to 73 316 controls. People with IBD were more likely to present to primary care with a common infection over the study period (46% vs 37% of controls). Risks of common infections, viral infections and gastrointestinal infections (including stool culture-confirmed infections) were increased for people with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease compared with matched controls (HR range 1.12-1.83, all p<0.001). Treatment with oral glucocorticoid therapy, immunotherapies and biologic therapy, but not with aminosalicylates, was associated with increased infection risk in people with IBD. Despite mild lymphopenia and neutropenia being more common in people with IBD (18.4% and 1.9%, respectively) than in controls (6.5% and 1.5%, respectively), these factors were not associated with significantly increased infection risk in people with IBD. CONCLUSION People with IBD are more likely to present with a wide range of common infections. Health professionals and people with IBD should remain vigilant for infections, particularly when using systemic corticosteroids, immunotherapies or biologic agents. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03835780).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Irving
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Simon de Lusignan
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC), London, UK
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Nickel S, von dem Knesebeck O. Effectiveness of Community-Based Health Promotion Interventions in Urban Areas: A Systematic Review. J Community Health 2021; 45:419-434. [PMID: 31512111 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-019-00733-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, a community-based approach was seen to be the "gold standard" for health promotion and disease prevention, especially in the field of socially deprived neighborhoods in urban areas. Up to the beginning of the 2000s, earlier reviews provide valuable information on activities in this context. However, in their conclusions they were limited to North America and Europe. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review on community-based health promotion and prevention programs worldwide. The Pubmed and PsycINFO databases were screened for relevant articles published between January 2002 and December 2018, revealing 101 potentially eligible publications out of 3646 hits. After a systematic review process including searching the reference lists, 32 papers met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Twenty-four (75.0%) articles reported improvements in at least one health behavior, health service access, health literacy, and/or a range of health status outcomes. Large-scale community-based health promotion programs, however, often resulted in limited or missing population-wide changes. Possible reasons are methodological limitations, concurrent context effects, and limitations of the interventions used. Our results confirm that community-based interventions are promising for health promotion and disease prevention but so far their potential is not fully realized. For the future, such interventions should aim at proximal outcomes and invest in community capacity building.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Nickel
- Institute of Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Olaf von dem Knesebeck
- Institute of Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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Pietras L, Briken P. Inclusion of Other in the Self and Couple's Sexuality: A Scoping Review. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2021; 47:285-304. [PMID: 33393456 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2020.1865494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the effect relationship closeness has on couple's sexuality a scoping review was conducted, that focused on the inclusion of other in the self scale (IOS). Authors reviewed quantitative journal articles published between 2000 and 2020 by searching PsychInfo, Medline, and PubMed, resulting in 24 studies. Results suggest positive associations between IOS and sexual well-being, functioning, desire, frequency and satisfaction, and negatively related to sexual distress. Also, the benefits of positive sexual experiences expand well beyond the sexual domain onto different personal and relational factors of health and well-being. Sampling designs considerably limit the generalizability of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pietras
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peer Briken
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Chen L, Zhang K, Li X, Wu Y, Liu Q, Xu L, Li L, Hu H. Association Between Aspartate Aminotransferase to Alanine Aminotransferase Ratio and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Japanese Population: A Secondary Analysis of a Retrospective Cohort Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:4483-4495. [PMID: 34785918 PMCID: PMC8590482 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s337416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study on the association between aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) ratio and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was limited. Therefore, we conducted a secondary analysis based on online data to explore whether there was an association between the AST/ALT ratio and incident T2DM among a large number of Japanese people. METHODS The study was a retrospective cohort study. We downloaded the NAGALA (NAfld in Gifu area) data from DATADRYAD website between 2004 and 2015. This present study included 15,291 participants. Cox proportional-hazards regression, generalized additive models and subgroup analyses were used to find out the association between the AST/ALT ratio and T2DM events. RESULTS The negative relationship was shown between AST/ALT ratio and incident T2DM (HR = 0.617, 95% CI: 0.405-0.938) in our study. A non-linear relationship and saturation effect were found between them, and the inflection point was 0.882. It indicated that the AST/ALT ratio was negatively correlated with incident T2DM when the AST/ALT ratio was less than the inflection point (HR = 0.287, 95% CI: 0.126-0.655, p = 0.0030). We found that exercise modified their relationship (P for interaction = 0.0024), and people who did not exercise associated strongly (HR = 0.464 95% CI: 0.290-0.741). CONCLUSION AST/ALT ratio was negatively associated with T2DM risk, and their relationship was non-linear and had a saturation effect. When the AST/ALT ratio was less than 0.882, they showed a significant negative correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Chen
- Shenzhen Nanshan Medical Group Headquarter, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kebao Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Emergency, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingwen Liu
- Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liting Xu
- Shenzhen Nanshan Medical Group Headquarter, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liuyan Li
- Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haofei Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Haofei Hu Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, No. 3002 Sungang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-755-83366388 Email
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Wang Q, Liu R, Chang M, Zhang H, Jin Q, Wang X. Dietary oleic acid supplementation and blood inflammatory markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:2508-2525. [PMID: 33305589 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1854673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of oleic acid (OA) supplementation on blood inflammatory markers in adults. PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched from 1950 to 2019, with adults and a minimum intervention duration of 4 weeks. The effect size was estimated, adopting standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Of the 719 identified studies, thirty-one RCTs involving 1634 subjects were eligible. The results of this study revealed that increasing OA supplementation significantly reduced C-reactive protein (CRP) (SMD: -0.11, 95% CI: -0.21, -0.01, P = 0.038). However, dietary OA consumption did not significantly affect tumor necrosis factor (TNF) (SMD: -0.05, 95% CI: -0.19, 0.10, P = 0.534), interleukin 6 (IL-6) (SMD: 0.01, 95% CI: -0.10, 0.13, P = 0.849), fibrinogen (SMD: 0.08, 95% CI: -0.16, 0.31, P = 0.520), plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) activity (SMD: -0.11, 95% CI: -0.34, 0.12, P = 0.355), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) (SMD: -0.06, 95% CI: -0.26, 0.13, P = 0.595) or soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) (SMD: -0.04, 95% CI: -0.27, 0.18, P = 0.701). Overall, the meta-analysis demonstrated that dietary OA supplementation significantly reduced CRP, yet did not affect other inflammatory markers including TNF, IL-6, fibrinogen, PAI-1 activity, sICAM-1or sVCAM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ming Chang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Greenbaum J, Stoklosa H, Murphy L. The Public Health Impact of Coronavirus Disease on Human Trafficking. Front Public Health 2020; 8:561184. [PMID: 33251172 PMCID: PMC7673368 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.561184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The global pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 exacerbates major risk factors for global human trafficking. Social isolation of families and severe economic distress amplify the risk of interpersonal violence, unemployment and homelessness, as well as increased internet use by under-supervised children. Aggravating the situation are overwhelmed health systems, severe limitations in activities of social service organizations, and decreased contact of healthcare professionals with children. Healthcare professionals have a duty to be alert to possible indicators of trafficking, and aware of available victim resources which can be offered to at-risk patients. Healthcare facilities should take steps to increase public awareness of trafficking and community resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Greenbaum
- Institute on Healthcare and Human Trafficking at the Stephanie V. Blank Center for Safe and Healthy Children at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States.,HEAL Trafficking (Health, Education, Advocacy, Linkage), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hanni Stoklosa
- HEAL Trafficking (Health, Education, Advocacy, Linkage), Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Laura Murphy
- HEAL Trafficking (Health, Education, Advocacy, Linkage), Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Helena Kennedy Center for International Justice, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Kim LG, Wilson ECF, Davison WJ, Clark AB, Myint PK, Potter JF. Self-Monitoring and Management of Blood Pressure in Patients with Stroke or TIA: An Economic Evaluation of TEST-BP, A Randomised Controlled Trial. PHARMACOECONOMICS - OPEN 2020; 4:511-517. [PMID: 32056146 PMCID: PMC7426342 DOI: 10.1007/s41669-020-00196-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevention of secondary stroke following initial ictus is an important focus of after-stroke care. Blood pressure (BP) is a key risk factor, so usual care following stroke or transient ischaemic attack includes regular BP checks and monitoring of anti-hypertensive medication. This is traditionally carried out in primary care, but the evidence supporting self-monitoring and self-guided management of BP in the general population with hypertension is growing. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to estimate the cost effectiveness of treatment as usual (TAU) versus (1) self-monitoring of BP (S-MON) and (2) self-monitoring and guided self-management of anti-hypertensive medication (S-MAN). METHODS This was a within-trial economic evaluation of a randomised controlled trial estimating the incremental cost per 1 mmHg BP reduction and per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained over a 6-month time horizon from the perspective of the UK National Health Service (NHS). RESULTS Data were evaluable for 140 participants. Costs per patient were £473, £853 and £1035; mean reduction in systolic BP (SBP) was 3.6, 6.7 and 6.1 mmHg, and QALYs accrued were 0.427, 0.422 and 0.423 for TAU, S-MON and S-MAN, respectively. No statistically significant differences in incremental costs or outcomes were detected. On average, S-MAN was dominated or extended dominated. The incremental cost per 1 mmHg BP reduction from S-MON versus TAU was £137. CONCLUSION On average, S-MAN is an inefficient intervention. S-MON may be cost effective, depending on the willingness to pay for a 1 mmHg BP reduction, although it yielded fewer QALYs over the within-trial time horizon. Decision modelling is required to explore the longer-term costs and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lois G Kim
- Cambridge Centre for Health Services Research, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Forvie Site, Cambridge, UK
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK
| | - Edward C F Wilson
- Cambridge Centre for Health Services Research, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Forvie Site, Cambridge, UK.
- Health Economics Group, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
| | - William J Davison
- Ageing and Stroke Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Allan B Clark
- Medical Statistics Group, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Phyo K Myint
- Ageing Clinical and Experimental Research (ACER), Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - John F Potter
- Ageing and Stroke Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Hsu YHH, Astley CM, Cole JB, Vedantam S, Mercader JM, Metspalu A, Fischer K, Fortney K, Morgen EK, Gonzalez C, Gonzalez ME, Esko T, Hirschhorn JN. Integrating untargeted metabolomics, genetically informed causal inference, and pathway enrichment to define the obesity metabolome. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:1596-1606. [PMID: 32467615 PMCID: PMC7332400 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0603-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and its associated diseases are major health problems characterized by extensive metabolic disturbances. Understanding the causal connections between these phenotypes and variation in metabolite levels can uncover relevant biology and inform novel intervention strategies. Recent studies have combined metabolite profiling with genetic instrumental variable (IV) analysis (Mendelian randomization) to infer the direction of causality between metabolites and obesity, but often omitted a large portion of untargeted profiling data consisting of unknown, unidentified metabolite signals. METHODS We expanded upon previous research by identifying body mass index (BMI)-associated metabolites in multiple untargeted metabolomics datasets, and then performing bidirectional IV analysis to classify metabolites based on their inferred causal relationships with BMI. Meta-analysis and pathway analysis of both known and unknown metabolites across datasets were enabled by our recently developed bioinformatics suite, PAIRUP-MS. RESULTS We identified ten known metabolites that are more likely to be causes (e.g., alpha-hydroxybutyrate) or effects (e.g., valine) of BMI, or may have more complex bidirectional cause-effect relationships with BMI (e.g., glycine). Importantly, we also identified about five times more unknown than known metabolites in each of these three categories. Pathway analysis incorporating both known and unknown metabolites prioritized 40 enriched (p < 0.05) metabolite sets for the cause versus effect groups, providing further support that these two metabolite groups are linked to obesity via distinct biological mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the potential utility of our approach to uncover causal connections with obesity from untargeted metabolomics datasets. Combining genetically informed causal inference with the ability to map unknown metabolites across datasets provides a path to jointly analyze many untargeted datasets with obesity or other phenotypes. This approach, applied to larger datasets with genotype and untargeted metabolite data, should generate sufficient power for robust discovery and replication of causal biological connections between metabolites and various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han H Hsu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christina M Astley
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joanne B Cole
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sailaja Vedantam
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Josep M Mercader
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Krista Fischer
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | | | - Clicerio Gonzalez
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria E Gonzalez
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tonu Esko
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Joel N Hirschhorn
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Zwitter A, Gstrein OJ. Big data, privacy and COVID-19 - learning from humanitarian expertise in data protection. JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN ACTION 2020; 5:4. [PMID: 38624331 PMCID: PMC7232912 DOI: 10.1186/s41018-020-00072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic leads governments around the world to resort to tracking technology and other data-driven tools in order to monitor and curb the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Such large-scale incursion into privacy and data protection is unthinkable during times of normalcy. However, in times of a pandemic the use of location data provided by telecom operators and/or technology companies becomes a viable option. Importantly, legal regulations hardly protect people's privacy against governmental and corporate misuse. Established privacy regimes are focused on individual consent, and most human rights treaties know derogations from privacy and data protection norms for states of emergency. This leaves little safeguards nor remedies to guarantee individual and collective autonomy. However, the challenge of responsible data use during a crisis is not novel. The humanitarian sector has more than a decade of experience to offer. International organisations and humanitarian actors have developed detailed guidelines on how to use data responsibly under extreme circumstances. This article briefly addresses the legal gap of data protection and privacy during this global crisis. Then it outlines the state of the art in humanitarian practice and academia on data protection and data responsibility during crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Zwitter
- Data Research Centre, Campus Fryslân, University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Oskar J. Gstrein
- Data Research Centre, Campus Fryslân, University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
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Brennan M, Clarke M, Devane D, Dowling M. A qualitative study of the factors influencing recruitment to a pilot trial on the prevention of striae gravidarum. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:103. [PMID: 32050916 PMCID: PMC7017448 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-2781-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Striae gravidarum are a common occurrence in pregnancy and many women use a topical product to prevent their development or lessen their appearance if they do develop. There is a lack of evidence on the effectiveness of many of the products used by women. This study arose from challenges in recruitment to a pilot randomised trial (ISRCTN trial registration number:76992326) designed to evaluate the feasibility of a definitive trial to compare a moisturising oil to no treatment in the prevention and reduction in severity of striae gravidarum. The study reported here explored the factors influencing recruitment to that pilot trial. Methods A qualitative descriptive study was undertaken involving primigravid women attending an Irish maternity hospital. Data were collected by semi-structured telephone interviews over a four-week period and analysed using the framework method of analysis. Fifteen interview transcripts were included in the analysis. Results Four main themes consisting of twelve categories were identified from the interview data. The themes focused on women’s prevention of stretch marks and their choice of anti-stretch mark product, who and what influenced that choice and influences on trial participation. In relation to influences on trial participation, the possibility of being randomised to the non- intervention or control group was a deterrent for many women. Conclusions The prevention of stretch marks is important to pregnant women, as is their choice of product to prevent them. Offering women the opportunity to be part of a trial that would be of low burden and would test a well-known product may optimise recruitment. However, reluctance to be randomised because of the possibility of being allocated to the non-intervention control group suggests that further work is needed in this field on how best to communicate uncertainty to potential participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Brennan
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aras Moyola, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland.
| | - Mike Clarke
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Block B, Queen's University Belfast, Royal Hospital, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, BT12 6BA, Northern Ireland
| | - Declan Devane
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aras Moyola, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Maura Dowling
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aras Moyola, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
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Pharmacologic labour analgesia and its relationship to postpartum psychiatric disorders: a scoping review. Can J Anaesth 2020; 67:588-604. [PMID: 32020416 DOI: 10.1007/s12630-020-01587-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This scoping review aimed to summarize the current literature on postpartum psychiatric disorders (e.g., postpartum depression, postpartum anxiety, postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder) and the possible relationship of these disorders to the use of pharmacologic labour analgesia (e.g., epidural analgesia, nitrous oxide, parenteral opioids) to identify knowledge gaps that may aid in the planning of future research. SOURCES PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and EMBASE were searched from inception to November 9, 2018 for studies that included both labour analgesia and the postpartum psychiatric disorders specified above. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Two reviewers assessed the studies and extracted the data. Of the 990 identified citations, 17 studies were included for analysis. Existing studies have small sample sizes and are observational cohorts in design. Patient psychiatric risk factors, method of delivery, and type of labour analgesia received were inconsistent among studies. Most studies relied on screening tests for diagnosing postpartum psychiatric illness and did not assess the impact of labour analgesia on postpartum psychiatric illness as the primary study objective. CONCLUSIONS Future studies should correlate screen-positive findings with clinical diagnosis; consider adjusting the timing of screening to include the antepartum period, early postpartum, and late postpartum periods; and consider the degree of labour pain relief and the specific pharmacologic labour analgesia used when evaluating postpartum psychiatric disorders.
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Zhu Z, Chang S, Cheng Y, Qi Q, Li S, Elhoumed M, Yan H, Dibley MJ, Fawzi WW, Zeng L, Sudfeld CR. Early life cognitive development trajectories and intelligence quotient in middle childhood and early adolescence in rural western China. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18315. [PMID: 31797987 PMCID: PMC6892923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship of cognitive developmental trajectories during the dynamic first years with later life development outcomes remains unclear in low- and middle-income countries. 1388 Children born to women who participated in a randomized trial of antenatal micronutrient supplementation in rural China were prospectively followed. Cognitive development was assessed six times between 3 and 30 months of age using Bayley Scales of Infant Development, and then in mid-childhood (7-9 years) and early adolescence (10-12 years) using Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. We identified four distinct infant cognitive development trajectory subgroups using group-based trajectory modeling: (i) consistently above average, (ii) consistently average, (iii) started below average and then improved, and (iv) started below average and then declined. LBW infants (<2500 g) were 10.60 times (95% CI 3.57, 31.49) more likely to be in the trajectory group that started below average and then declined, while each grade increase in maternal education decreased the risk of being in this group by 73% (95% CI 54%, 84%). Infants who performed consistently above average had 8.02 (95% CI 1.46, 14.59) points higher IQ in adolescence versus the declining trajectory group. These findings suggest that interventions to improve early child development trajectories may produce long-term human capital benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghai Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suying Chang
- United Nations Children's Fund, China Office, Beijing, 100600, P.R. China
| | - Yue Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety Research, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Shaoru Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Mohamed Elhoumed
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
- Nutrition and Food Safety Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Michael J Dibley
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wafaie W Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lingxia Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Christopher R Sudfeld
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Treatment failure definitions for non-purulent skin and soft tissue infections: a systematic review. Infection 2019; 48:75-83. [PMID: 31378847 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-019-01347-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is currently no uniform definition for antimicrobial treatment failure for adults with non-purulent skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). The objective of this systematic review was to identify treatment failure definitions and their common components in the literature. METHODS Five electronic databases were searched from inception to March 2019. Two independent reviewers identified studies involving adults (age ≥ 18 years) with non-purulent SSTIs in which antimicrobial treatment failure was a defined outcome. There were no language restrictions. Only randomized trials or observational studies were included. RESULTS After screening 4953 abstracts, 26 studies (N = 6629 patients) met full inclusion criteria. Reported treatment failure ranged from 0 to 29.5%. The most common definition components were hospital admission (78.9%), change in antibiotics (65.4%), and persistent or worsening signs and symptoms of infection (34.6%). Only one study listed specific criteria for persistent or worsening signs and symptoms of infection. CONCLUSIONS For studies involving non-purulent SSTIs, the outcome of treatment failure is inconsistently defined and reported failure rates are highly variable. This systematic review has highlighted the need for more robust treatment failure definitions for non-purulent SSTIs. Research should focus on the development of a uniform treatment failure definition that should be used in future studies.
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Gardner K, Dickinson H, Moon K. Re-orienting health systems through a commissioning approach: finding solutions for improved consumer engagement. Health Res Policy Syst 2019; 17:71. [PMID: 31331334 PMCID: PMC6647255 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-019-0471-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
As many developed health systems grapple with the reorientation of their systems to those that are commissioning led, consumer engagement has emerged as an important theme. Despite many governments asserting the importance of consumer engagement in commissioning, an evidence base is yet to be developed to support this approach. This paper identifies the challenges and gaps in the literature relating to consumer engagement and commissioning, before setting out five potential solutions to these challenges. Ultimately, consumer engagement needs clarity of purpose and any approach should be tailored to context. Effective client involvement needs time and investment. To embark on such a process without this effort can be counterproductive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Gardner
- Public Service Research Group, University of New South Wales, PO Box 7196, Canberra, BC, 2610, Australia.
| | - Helen Dickinson
- Public Service Research Group, University of New South Wales, PO Box 7196, Canberra, BC, 2610, Australia
| | - Katie Moon
- Public Service Research Group, University of New South Wales, PO Box 7196, Canberra, BC, 2610, Australia
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Alwers E, Bläker H, Walter V, Jansen L, Kloor M, Arnold A, Sieber-Frank J, Herpel E, Tagscherer KE, Roth W, Chang-Claude J, Brenner H, Hoffmeister M. External validation of molecular subtype classifications of colorectal cancer based on microsatellite instability, CIMP, BRAF and KRAS. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:681. [PMID: 31296182 PMCID: PMC6624952 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5842-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Competing molecular classification systems have been proposed to complement the TNM staging system for a better prediction of survival in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, validation studies are so far lacking. The aim of this study was to validate and extend previously published molecular classifications of CRC in a large independent cohort of CRC patients. Methods CRC patients were recruited into a population-based cohort study (DACHS). Molecular subtypes were categorized based on three previously published classifications. Cox-proportional hazard models, based on the same set of patients and using the same confounders as reported by the original studies, were used to determine overall, cancer-specific, or relapse-free survival for each subtype. Hazard ratios and confidence intervals, as well as Kaplan-Meier plots were compared to those reported by the original studies. Results We observed similar patterns of worse survival for the microsatellite stable (MSS)/BRAF-mutated and MSS/KRAS-mutated subtypes in our validation analyses, which were included in two of the validated classifications. Of the two MSI subtypes, one defined by additional presence of CIMP-high and BRAF-mutation and the other by tumors negative for CIMP, BRAF and KRAS-mutations, we could not confirm associations with better prognosis as suggested by one of the classifications. For two of the published classifications, we were able to provide results for additional subgroups not included in the original studies (men, other disease stages, other locations). Conclusions External validation of three previously proposed classifications confirmed findings of worse survival for CRC patients with MSS subtypes and BRAF or KRAS mutations. Regarding MSI subtypes, other patient characteristics such as stage of the tumor, may influence the potential survival benefit. Further integration of methylation, genetic, and immunological information is needed to develop and validate a comprehensive classification that will have relevance for use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Alwers
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Bläker
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Charité University Medicine Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Viola Walter
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lina Jansen
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kloor
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Arnold
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Charité University Medicine Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Sieber-Frank
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Esther Herpel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,NCT Tissue Bank, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katrin E Tagscherer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wilfried Roth
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Genetic Tumor Epidemiology Group, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Orriols L, Gbaguidi GN, Contrand B, Gadegbeku B, Lagarde E. Trends in benzodiazepine anxiolytics and z-hypnotics use among French drivers involved in road traffic crashes from 2005 to 2015: a responsibility case-control study. Inj Epidemiol 2019; 6:32. [PMID: 31304078 PMCID: PMC6600897 DOI: 10.1186/s40621-019-0209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In France, benzodiazepine anxiolytics and z-hypnotics (zolpidem and zopiclone) account for the largest share of road traffic crash risk attributable to exposure to prescription drugs. The aim of this study was to monitor the evolution of the use of these prescription drugs and their association with crash risk over a period that began before the implementation of a color-graded pictogram system printed on prescription drug boxes. Methods Data from three French national databases were extracted and linked: the national health care insurance database, police reports, and the national police database of injurious crashes. Drivers involved in an injurious crash in France, from July 2005 to December 2015, and identified by their national identifier were included. The association with crash risk was estimated using a responsibility analysis comparing the use of benzodiazepines and z-hypnotics among drivers responsible or not for the crash. Results A total of 97,936 responsible and 103,522 non-responsible drivers involved in an injurious crash were included. The proportion of drivers exposed to benzodiazepine anxiolytics or z-hypnotics remained stable among responsible and non-responsible drivers. Among controls from the general population, the proportion of exposed individuals tended to increase. The association with crash risk remained almost constant over the study period. The odds-ratio for benzodiazepines ranged between 1.42 [1.24–1.62] at the beginning of the study period and 1.27 [1.09–1.47] at the end. Conclusion Given the increase in exposure in the control group from the general population, the stability of exposure for responsible and non-responsible drivers can be interpreted as a relative effectiveness of the pictogram on driver exposure levels. On the other hand, while the intrinsic effect of a prescription drug cannot be modified, a decrease in risk could have been expected if drivers adapted their behavior as promoted by the pictogram. Our results therefore suggest that no significant change occurred in driving behaviors or consumption patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Orriols
- 1Univ. Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,2INSERM, IETO team, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Gwladys Nadia Gbaguidi
- 1Univ. Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,2INSERM, IETO team, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Benjamin Contrand
- 1Univ. Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,2INSERM, IETO team, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Blandine Gadegbeku
- 3Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,4IFSTTAR, UMR T 9405, UMRESTTE, F-69500 Bron, France.,5Université Lyon 1, UMRESTTE, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuel Lagarde
- 1Univ. Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,2INSERM, IETO team, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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Buckton CH, Fergie G, Leifeld P, Hilton S. A discourse network analysis of UK newspaper coverage of the "sugar tax" debate before and after the announcement of the Soft Drinks Industry Levy. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:490. [PMID: 31046718 PMCID: PMC6498658 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6799-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND On 6th April 2018, the UK Government introduced the Soft Drinks Industry Levy (SDIL) as a mechanism designed to address increasing prevalence of obesity and associated ill health by reducing sugar consumption. Given that the successful introduction of upstream food and nutrition policies is a highly political enterprise involving multiple interested parties, understanding the complex network of stakeholders seeking to influence such policy decisions is imperative. METHODS Media content analysis was used to build a dataset of relevant newspaper articles, which were analysed to identify stakeholder agreement or disagreement with defined concept statements. We used discourse network analysis to produce visual representations of the network of stakeholders and coalitions evident in the debate as it was presented in UK newspapers, in the lead up to and following the announcement of the Soft Drinks Industry Levy in the UK, from May 2015 to November 2016. RESULTS Coding identified 3883 statements made by 214 individuals from 176 organisations, relating to 47 concepts. Network visualisations revealed a complex network of stakeholders with clear sceptical and supportive coalitions. Industry stakeholders appeared less united in the network than anticipated, particularly before the SDIL announcement. Some key industry actors appeared in the supportive coalition, possibly due to the use of corporate social responsibility rhetoric. Jamie Oliver appeared as a dominant stakeholder, firmly embedded with public health advocates. CONCLUSION This study highlights the complexity of the network of stakeholders involved in the public debate on food policies such as sugar tax and the SDIL. Polarisation of stakeholders arose from differences in ideology, focus on a specific policy and statements about the weight of evidence. Vocal celebrity policy entrepreneurs may be instrumental in gaining public and policy makers' support for future upstream regulation to promote population health, to facilitate alignment around a clear ideology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina H. Buckton
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 200 Renfield Street, Glasgow, G2 3AX UK
| | - Gillian Fergie
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 200 Renfield Street, Glasgow, G2 3AX UK
| | - Philip Leifeld
- Department of Government, University of Essex, Colchester Campus, Colchester, CO4 3SQ UK
- School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - Shona Hilton
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 200 Renfield Street, Glasgow, G2 3AX UK
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