1
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Lee YH, Kim YH, Hong JK. Light- and Relative Humidity-Regulated Hypersensitive Cell Death and Plant Immunity in Chinese Cabbage Leaves by a Non-adapted Bacteria Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 40:358-376. [PMID: 39117335 PMCID: PMC11309840 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.03.2024.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Inoculation of Chinese cabbage leaves with high titer (107 cfu/ml) of the non-adapted bacteria Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv) strain Bv5-4a.1 triggered rapid leaf tissue collapses and hypersensitive cell death (HCD) at 24 h. Electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation markedly increased in the Xcv-inoculated leaves. Defence-related gene expressions (BrPR1, BrPR4, BrChi1, BrGST1 and BrAPX1) were preferentially activated in the Xcv-inoculated leaves. The Xcv-triggered HCD was attenuated by continuous light but accelerated by a dark environment, and the prolonged high relative humidity also alleviated the HCD. Constant dark and increased relative humidity provided favorable conditions for the Xcv bacterial growth in the leaves. Pretreated fluridone (biosynthetic inhibitor of endogenous abscisic acid [ABA]) increased the HCD in the Xcv-inoculated leaves, but exogenous ABA attenuated the HCD. The pretreated ABA also reduced the Xcv bacterial growth in the leaves. These results highlight that the onset of HCD in Chinese cabbage leaves initiated by non-adapted pathogen Xcv Bv5-4a.1 and in planta bacterial growth was differently modulated by internal and external conditional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hee Lee
- Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Protection, Division of Horticultural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Korea
- Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Kim
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Department of Biology Education, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Jeum Kyu Hong
- Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Protection, Division of Horticultural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Korea
- Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Korea
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2
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Sharma V, Sharma DP, Salwan R. Surviving the stress: Understanding the molecular basis of plant adaptations and uncovering the role of mycorrhizal association in plant abiotic stresses. Microb Pathog 2024; 193:106772. [PMID: 38969183 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Environmental stresses severely impair plant growth, resulting in significant crop yield and quality loss. Among various abiotic factors, salt and drought stresses are one of the major factors that affect the nutrients and water uptake by the plants, hence ultimately various physiological aspects of the plants that compromises crop yield. Continuous efforts have been made to investigate, dissect and improve plant adaptations at the molecular level in response to drought and salinity stresses. In this context, the plant beneficial microbiome presents in the rhizosphere, endosphere, and phyllosphere, also referred as second genomes of the plant is well known for its roles in plant adaptations. Exploration of beneficial interaction of fungi with host plants known as mycorrhizal association is one such special interaction that can facilitates the host plants adaptations. Mycorrhiza assist in alleviating the salinity and drought stresses of plants via redistributing the ion imbalance through translocation to different parts of the plants, as well as triggering oxidative machinery. Mycorrhiza association also regulates the level of various plant growth regulators, osmolytes and assists in acquiring minerals that are helpful in plant's adaptation against extreme environmental stresses. The current review examines the role of various plant growth regulators and plants' antioxidative systems, followed by mycorrhizal association during drought and salt stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Sharma
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali PB 140413, India.
| | - D P Sharma
- College of Horticulture and Forestry (Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry), Neri, Hamirpur, H.P 177 001, India
| | - Richa Salwan
- College of Horticulture and Forestry (Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry), Neri, Hamirpur, H.P 177 001, India.
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3
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Zhao Y, Zhu X, Shi CM, Xu G, Zuo S, Shi Y, Cao W, Kang H, Liu W, Wang R, Ning Y, Wang GL, Wang X. OsEIL2 balances rice immune responses against (hemi)biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens via the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid synergism. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:362-380. [PMID: 38730437 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Plants typically activate distinct defense pathways against various pathogens. Heightened resistance to one pathogen often coincides with increased susceptibility to another pathogen. However, the underlying molecular basis of this antagonistic response remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that mutants defective in the transcription factor ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 3-LIKE 2 (OsEIL2) exhibited enhanced resistance to the biotrophic bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae and to the hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, but enhanced susceptibility to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. Furthermore, necrotroph-induced OsEIL2 binds to the promoter of OsWRKY67 with high affinity, leading to the upregulation of salicylic acid (SA)/jasmonic acid (JA) pathway genes and increased SA/JA levels, ultimately resulting in enhanced resistance. However, biotroph- and hemibiotroph-induced OsEIL2 targets OsERF083, resulting in the inhibition of SA/JA pathway genes and decreased SA/JA levels, ultimately leading to reduced resistance. Our findings unveil a previously uncharacterized defense mechanism wherein two distinct transcriptional regulatory modules differentially mediate immunity against pathogens with different lifestyles through the transcriptional reprogramming of phytohormone pathway genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Cheng-Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Guojuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shimin Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yanlong Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenlei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Houxiang Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wende Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ruyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuese Ning
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guo-Liang Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Xuli Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
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4
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Im JH, Choi C, Jung MY, Park SR, Hwang DJ. The OsICS1 is directly regulated by OsWRKY6 and increases resistance against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. PLANTA 2024; 259:124. [PMID: 38630137 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04405-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE OsICS1 but not OsICS1-L mediates the rice response to Xoo inoculation, with its overexpression increasing resistance against this pathogen. OsICS1 but not OsICS-L is directly upregulated by OsWRKY6. Rice (Oryza sativa) is a staple crop for about half of the global population and is particularly important in the diets of people living in Asia, Latin America, and Africa. This crop is continually threatened by bacterial leaf blight disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), which drastically reduces yields; therefore, it is needed to elucidate the plant's resistance mechanisms against Xoo. Isochorismate synthase (ICS1) generates salicylic acid (SA) and increases resistance against bacterial disease. The OsICS1 is differently annotated in rice genome databases and has not yet been functionally characterized in the context of Xoo infection. Here, we report that the expression of the OsICS1 is directly regulated by OsWRKY6 and increases plant resistance against Xoo. Inoculation with Xoo increased the expression of OsICS1 but not that of the long variant of OsICS1 (OsICS1-L). OsWRKY6 directly activated the OsICS1 promoter but not the OsICS1-L promoter. OsICS1 overexpression in rice increased resistance against Xoo through the induction of SA-dependent bacterial defense genes. These data show that OsICS1 promotes resistance against Xoo infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hee Im
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
- Department of Science Education, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhyun Choi
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration 180 Hyeoksin-ro, Wanju-gun, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Young Jung
- Department of Science Education, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ryeol Park
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Ju Hwang
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea.
- Mediprogen Inc, 1447, Pyungchang-gun, 25354, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Desmedt W, Ameye M, Filipe O, De Waele E, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Deforce D, Van Meulebroek L, Vanhaecke L, Kyndt T, Höfte M, Audenaert K. Molecular analysis of broad-spectrum induced resistance in rice by the green leaf volatile Z-3-hexenyl acetate. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6804-6819. [PMID: 37624920 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Green leaf volatiles (GLVs), volatile organic compounds released by plants upon tissue damage, are key signaling molecules in plant immunity. The ability of exogenous GLV application to trigger an induced resistance (IR) phenotype against arthropod pests has been widely reported, but its effectiveness against plant pathogens is less well understood. In this study, we combined mRNA sequencing-based transcriptomics and phytohormone measurements with multispectral imaging-based precision phenotyping to gain insights into the molecular basis of Z-3-hexenyl acetate-induced resistance (Z-3-HAC-IR) in rice. Furthermore, we evaluated the efficacy of Z-3-HAC-IR against a panel of economically significant rice pathogens: Pyricularia oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, and Meloidogyne graminicola. Our data revealed rapid induction of jasmonate metabolism and systemic induction of plant immune responses upon Z-3-HAC exposure, as well as a transient allocation cost due to accelerated chlorophyll degradation and nutrient remobilization. Z-3-HAC-IR proved effective against all tested pathogens except for C. miyabeanus, including against the (hemi)biotrophs M. graminicola, X. oryzae pv. oryzae, and P. oryzae. The Z-3-HAC-IR phenotype was lost in the jasmonate (JA)-deficient hebiba mutant, which confirms the causal role of JA in Z-3-HAC-IR. Together, our results show that GLV exposure in rice induces broad-spectrum, JA-mediated disease resistance with limited allocation costs, and may thus be a promising alternative crop protection approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Desmedt
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Osvaldo Filipe
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien De Waele
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Nieuwerburgh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemse Steenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dieter Deforce
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemse Steenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lieven Van Meulebroek
- Laboratory of Integrative Metabolomics, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Laboratory of Integrative Metabolomics, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Epigenetics and Defence Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Monica Höfte
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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6
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Yop GDS, Gair LHV, da Silva VS, Machado ACZ, Santiago DC, Tomaz JP. Abscisic Acid Is Involved in the Resistance Response of Arabidopsis thaliana Against Meloidogyne paranaensis. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:2778-2783. [PMID: 36774560 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-22-1726-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a classical hormone involved in the plant defense against abiotic stresses, especially drought. However, its role in the defense response against biotic stresses is controversial: it can induce resistance to some pathogens but can also increase the susceptibility to other pathogens. Information regarding the effect of ABA on the relationship between plants and sedentary phytonematodes, such as Meloidogyne paranaensis, is scarce. In this study, we found that ABA changed the susceptibility level of Arabidopsis thaliana against M. paranaensis. The population of M. paranaensis was reduced by 58.3% with the exogenous application of ABA 24 h before the nematode inoculation, which demonstrated that ABA plays an important role in the preinfectional defense of A. thaliana against M. paranaensis. The increase in the nematode population density in the ABA biosynthesis mutant, aba2-1, corroborated the results observed with the exogenous application of ABA. The phytohormone did not show nematicide or nematostatic effects on M. paranaensis juveniles in in vitro tests, indicating that the response is linked to intrinsic plant factors, which was corroborated by the decrease in the number of nematodes in the abi4-1 mutant. This reduction indicates that the gene expression regulation by transcript factors is possibly related to regulatory cascades mediated by ABA in the response of A. thaliana against M. paranaensis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Victoria Stern da Silva
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná - IDR-Paraná, 86047-902 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juarez Pires Tomaz
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná - IDR-Paraná, 86047-902 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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7
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Chen L, Ma Y, He T, Chen T, Pan Y, Zhou D, Li X, Lu Y, Wu Q, Wang L. Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis unveil the response mechanism in wild rice ( Zizania latifolia griseb.) against sheath rot infection. Front Genet 2023; 14:1163464. [PMID: 37359383 PMCID: PMC10289006 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1163464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sheath rot disease (SRD) is one of the most devastating diseases of Manchurian wild rice (MWR) (Zizania latifolia Griseb). Pilot experiments in our laboratory have shown that an MWR cultivar "Zhejiao NO.7"exhibits signs of SRD tolerance. To explore the responses of Zhejiao No. 7 to SRD infection, we used a combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis approach. A total of 136 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs, 114 up- and 22 down-accumulated in FA compared to CK) were detected. These up-accumulated metabolites were enriched in tryptophan metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, flavonoids, and phytohormone signaling. Transcriptome sequencing results showed the differential expression of 11,280 genes (DEGs, 5,933 up-, and 5,347 downregulated in FA compared to CK). The genes expressed in tryptophan metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling, and reactive oxygen species homeostasis confirmed the metabolite results. In addition, genes related to the cell wall, carbohydrate metabolism, and plant-pathogen interaction (especially hypersensitive response) showed changes in expression in response to SRD infection. These results provide a basis for understanding the response mechanisms in MWR to FA attack that can be used for breeding SRD-tolerant MWR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Chen
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yamin Ma
- Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Jinyun County, Jinyun, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianjun He
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - TingTing Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiming Pan
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dayun Zhou
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaobin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Quancong Wu
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lailiang Wang
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
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8
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Zang W, Zhang XM, Eckstein PE, Yang F, Colin M, Beattie AD. Optimization of Ustilago nuda Inoculum Concentration for Screening Un8-Mediated Loose Smut Resistance in Barley Reveals a Resistance Reaction that Disrupts Seed Germination and Suggests a Role for Abscisic Acid in Disease Development. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1077-1083. [PMID: 36449526 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-06-22-0219-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Barley loose smut has been effectively controlled for decades through resistance conferred by the Un8 gene. However, evaluation of loose smut reaction using floret inoculation at the standard inoculum concentration is associated with the production of small, discolored seeds in Un8 carriers and susceptible genotypes. Interestingly, Un8 carriers also displayed significantly poorer germination than susceptible genotypes and produce short-lived seedlings following inoculation. To understand these observations, a Un8 carrier (TR11698) and susceptible non-Un8 carrier (CDC Austenson) were assessed for seed traits, Ustilago nuda biomass in the seed, infection rate, and phytohormone profile across a range of lower inoculum concentrations. At lower inoculum concentrations, seed appearance and weight improved in both genotypes, and infection rate increased in CDC Austenson. Pathogen load in the seed was similar in both genotypes and was positively correlated with the CDC Austenson infection rate. No infection was ever observed in TR11698. Significantly, germination rate improved in CDC Austenson, whereas the very low germination rate and short-lived seedlings remained associated with TR11698. It appears that poor seed appearance in both genotypes and low germination rate in the susceptible genotype can be improved by lowering the inoculum concentration. However, the very low germination rates and seedling death associated with the Un8 carrier TR11698 are indicative of Un8-mediated resistance to loose smut. Finally, profiling of 38 phytohormones revealed that larger seeds observed at some inoculum concentrations compared with mock inoculation had higher abscisic acid concentrations. This could represent a pathogen survival strategy by ensuring better growth of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Xiang M Zhang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Peter E Eckstein
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Mark Colin
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Aaron D Beattie
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
- Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
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9
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Sampedro-Guerrero J, Vives-Peris V, Gomez-Cadenas A, Clausell-Terol C. Efficient strategies for controlled release of nanoencapsulated phytohormones to improve plant stress tolerance. PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:47. [PMID: 37189192 PMCID: PMC10184380 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Climate change due to different human activities is causing adverse environmental conditions and uncontrolled extreme weather events. These harsh conditions are directly affecting the crop areas, and consequently, their yield (both in quantity and quality) is often impaired. It is essential to seek new advanced technologies to allow plants to tolerate environmental stresses and maintain their normal growth and development. Treatments performed with exogenous phytohormones stand out because they mitigate the negative effects of stress and promote the growth rate of plants. However, the technical limitations in field application, the putative side effects, and the difficulty in determining the correct dose, limit their widespread use. Nanoencapsulated systems have attracted attention because they allow a controlled delivery of active compounds and for their protection with eco-friendly shell biomaterials. Encapsulation is in continuous evolution due to the development and improvement of new techniques economically affordable and environmentally friendly, as well as new biomaterials with high affinity to carry and coat bioactive compounds. Despite their potential as an efficient alternative to phytohormone treatments, encapsulation systems remain relatively unexplored to date. This review aims to emphasize the potential of phytohormone treatments as a means of enhancing plant stress tolerance, with a specific focus on the benefits that can be gained through the improved exogenous application of these treatments using encapsulation techniques. Moreover, the main encapsulation techniques, shell materials and recent work on plants treated with encapsulated phytohormones have been compiled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Sampedro-Guerrero
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - Vicente Vives-Peris
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - Aurelio Gomez-Cadenas
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain.
| | - Carolina Clausell-Terol
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Cerámica, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain.
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10
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Chen J, Xuan Y, Yi J, Xiao G, Yuan DP, Li D. Progress in rice sheath blight resistance research. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1141697. [PMID: 37035075 PMCID: PMC10080073 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1141697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Rice sheath blight (ShB) disease poses a major threat to rice yield throughout the world. However, the defense mechanisms against ShB in rice remain largely unknown. ShB resistance is a typical quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. With the rapid development of molecular methods, many quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to agronomic traits, biotic and abiotic stresses, and yield have been identified by genome-wide association studies. The interactions between plants and pathogens are controlled by various plant hormone signaling pathways, and the pathways synergistically or antagonistically interact with each other, regulating plant growth and development as well as the defense response. This review summarizes the regulatory effects of hormones including auxin, ethylene, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, brassinosteroids, gibberellin, abscisic acid, strigolactone, and cytokinin on ShB and the crosstalk between the various hormones. Furthermore, the effects of sugar and nitrogen on rice ShB resistance, as well as information on genes related to ShB resistance in rice and their effects on ShB are also discussed. In summary, this review is a comprehensive description of the QTLs, hormones, nutrition, and other defense-related genes related to ShB in rice. The prospects of targeting the resistance mechanism as a strategy for controlling ShB in rice are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsheng Chen
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, China
| | - Yuanhu Xuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianghui Yi
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, China
| | - Guosheng Xiao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, China
| | - De Peng Yuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dandan Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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11
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Cohen A, Basu S, Crowder DW. Drought stress affects interactions between potato plants, psyllid vectors, and a bacterial pathogen. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 99:6843574. [PMID: 36416808 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmission of insect-borne pathogens is mediated by interactions between insects and plants across variable environments. Water stress, for example, affects the physiology, defense, chemistry, and nutritional balance of plants in ways that alter their tolerance to herbivores and pathogens. However, few studies have explored interactions between water stress and insect-borne pathogens as well as the molecular mechanisms mediating these interactions. Here, we address these knowledge gaps by assessing effects of plant water stress on the transmission of a bacterial pathogen, Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (CLs), by the vector Bactericera cockerelli Šulc (potato psyllid). We hypothesized that plant water stress would promote pathogen transmission by inducing plant gene transcripts and phytohormones involved in defense. Our results showed water stress was associated with decreased CLs titer with two psyllid haplotypes. Our analysis of plant gene transcripts suggested water stress affected phytohormone pathways in ways that altered plant tolerance to the CLs pathogen. Our study shows that abiotic stressors like drought may mediate the spread of plant pathogens by altering plant signaling pathways in ways that affect pathogen transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Cohen
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, 166 FSHN Building , Pullman, WA, 99164-6382, United States
| | - Saumik Basu
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, 166 FSHN Building , Pullman, WA, 99164-6382, United States
| | - David W Crowder
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, 166 FSHN Building , Pullman, WA, 99164-6382, United States
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12
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Lin Y, Li D, Zhou C, Wu Y, Miao P, Dong Q, Zhu S, Pan C. Application of insecticides on peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.) induces lignin accumulation in leaves by consuming phenolic acids and thus potentially deteriorates quality. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 279:153836. [PMID: 36244262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Irrational use of pesticides may lead to physiological and metabolic disorders in different crops. However, there are limited investigations on impacts of insecticides on physiology and biochemistry, secondary metabolic pathways, and associated quality of medicinal plants such as peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.). In this study, target metabolites in peppermint were monitored following foliar spraying of five insecticides: imidacloprid, pyriproxyfen, acetamiprid, chlorantraniliprole, and chlorfenapyr. Compared with the control, all insecticide treatments caused a significant loss of soluble protein (decreased by 22.3-38.7%) in peppermint leaves. Insecticides induced an increase in the levels of phytohormones jasmonic acid and abscisic acid in response to these chemical stresses. Among them, imidacloprid increased jasmonic acid by 388.3%, and pyriproxyfen increased abscisic acid by 98.8%. The contents of phenylpropanoid metabolites, including rutin, quercetin, apigenin, caffeic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, syringic acid, and sinapic acid showed a decreasing trend, with pyriproxyfen decreasing the levels of quercetin and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid by 78.8% and 72.6%, respectively. Combined with correlation analysis, the content of lignin in leaves shows different degrees of negative correlations with several phenolic acids. It could be inferred that insecticides may trigger plant defense mechanisms that accumulate lignin (increased by 24.6-49.1%) in leaves by consuming phenolic acids to barricade absorption of insecticides. Through constructing networks between phytohormones and secondary metabolites, peppermint may regulate the contents of caffeic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and sinapic acid by the antagonistic effect between salicylic acid and abscisic acid in response to insecticidal stresses. Principal component analysis and systemic cluster analysis revealed that the most pronounced changes in physiological indexes and metabolites were caused by the pyriproxyfen treatment. In conclusion, this study improves our understanding of the mechanism by which insecticides affect plant physiological and metabolic processes, thus potentially altering the quality and therapeutic value of peppermint as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxi Lin
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Chunran Zhou
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yangliu Wu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Peijuan Miao
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qinyong Dong
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shusheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunan, 650201, China
| | - Canping Pan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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13
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Kim CY, Song H, Lee YH. Ambivalent response in pathogen defense: A double-edged sword? PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100415. [PMID: 35918895 PMCID: PMC9700132 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Plants possess effective immune systems that defend against most microbial attackers. Recent plant immunity research has focused on the classic binary defense model involving the pivotal role of small-molecule hormones in regulating the plant defense signaling network. Although most of our current understanding comes from studies that relied on information derived from a limited number of pathosystems, newer studies concerning the incredibly diverse interactions between plants and microbes are providing additional insights into other novel mechanisms. Here, we review the roles of both classical and more recently identified components of defense signaling pathways and stress hormones in regulating the ambivalence effect during responses to diverse pathogens. Because of their different lifestyles, effective defense against biotrophic pathogens normally leads to increased susceptibility to necrotrophs, and vice versa. Given these opposing forces, the plant potentially faces a trade-off when it mounts resistance to a specific pathogen, a phenomenon referred to here as the ambivalence effect. We also highlight a novel mechanism by which translational control of the proteins involved in the ambivalence effect can be used to engineer durable and broad-spectrum disease resistance, regardless of the lifestyle of the invading pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yeol Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyeunjeong Song
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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14
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Hu Y, Ding Y, Cai B, Qin X, Wu J, Yuan M, Wan S, Zhao Y, Xin XF. Bacterial effectors manipulate plant abscisic acid signaling for creation of an aqueous apoplast. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:518-529.e6. [PMID: 35247331 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Phytopathogens like Pseudomonas syringae induce "water soaking" in the apoplastic space of plant leaf tissue as a key virulence mechanism. Water soaking is commonly observed in diverse pathosystems, yet the underlying physiological basis remains largely elusive. Here, we show that one of the strong P. syringae water-soaking inducers, AvrE, alters the regulation of abscisic acid (ABA) to induce ABA signaling, stomatal closure, and, thus, water soaking. AvrE binds and inhibits the function of Arabidopsis type one protein phosphatases (TOPPs), which negatively regulate ABA by suppressing SnRK2s, a key node of the ABA signaling pathway. The topp12537 quintuple mutants display significantly enhanced water soaking after P. syringae inoculation, whereas the loss of the ABA pathway dampens P. syringae-induced water soaking and disease. Our study uncovers the hijacking of ABA signaling and stomatal closure by P. syringae effectors as key mechanisms of disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yezhou Hu
- National key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanxia Ding
- National key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Boying Cai
- National key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaohui Qin
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jingni Wu
- National key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Minhang Yuan
- National key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shiwei Wan
- National key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiu-Fang Xin
- National key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and John Innes Centre, Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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15
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Sheng C, Yu D, Li X, Yu H, Zhang Y, Saqib Bilal M, Ma H, Zhang X, Baig A, Nie P, Zhao H. OsAPX1 Positively Contributes to Rice Blast Resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:843271. [PMID: 35386681 PMCID: PMC8978999 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.843271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbate peroxidases (APXs) maintain cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis through their peroxidase activity. Here, we report that OsAPX1 also promotes ROS production such that a delicate cellular ROS homeostasis is achieved temporally after Magnaporthe oryzae infection. OsAPX1 specifically induces ROS production through increasing respiratory burst oxidase homologs (OsRBOHs) expression and can be inhibited by DPI, a ROS inhibitor. The time-course experiment data show that the simultaneous induction of OsAPX1 and OsRBOHs leads to ROS accumulation at an early stage; whereas a more durable expression of OsAPX1 leads to ROS scavenging at a later stage. By the temporal switching between ROS inducer and eliminator, OsAPX1 triggers an instant ROS burst upon M. oryzae infection and then a timely elimination of ROS toxicity. We find that OsAPX1 is under the control of the miR172a-OsIDS1 regulatory module. OsAPX1 also affects salicylic acid (SA) synthesis and signaling, which contribute to blast resistance. In conclusion, we show that OsAPX1 is a key factor that connects the upstream gene silencing and transcription regulatory routes with the downstream phytohormone and redox pathway, which provides an insight into the sophisticated regulatory network of rice innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Sheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Laboratory of Bio-interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongli Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Laboratory of Bio-interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Laboratory of Bio-interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanxi Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Laboratory of Bio-interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yimai Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Laboratory of Bio-interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Muhammad Saqib Bilal
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Laboratory of Bio-interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ayesha Baig
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Pingping Nie
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Laboratory of Bio-interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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16
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Non-Targeted Metabolite Profiling Reveals Host Metabolomic Reprogramming during the Interaction of Black Pepper with Phytophthora capsici. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111433. [PMID: 34768864 PMCID: PMC8583951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytophthora capsici is one of the most destructive pathogens causing quick wilt (foot rot) disease in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) to which no effective resistance has been defined. To better understand the P. nigrum-P. capsici pathosystem, we employed metabolomic approaches based on flow-infusion electrospray-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Changes in the leaf metabolome were assessed in infected and systemic tissues at 24 and 48 hpi. Principal Component Analysis of the derived data indicated that the infected leaves showed a rapid metabolic response by 24 hpi whereas the systemic leaves took 48 hpi to respond to the infection. The major sources of variations between infected leaf and systemic leaf were identified, and enrichment pathway analysis indicated, major shifts in amino acid, tricarboxylic acid cycle, nucleotide and vitamin B6 metabolism upon infection. Moreover, the individual metabolites involved in defensive phytohormone signalling were identified. RT-qPCR analysis of key salicylate and jasmonate biosynthetic genes indicated a transient reduction of expression at 24 hpi but this increased subsequently. Exogenous application of jasmonate and salicylate reduced P. capsici disease symptoms, but this effect was suppressed with the co-application of abscisic acid. The results are consistent with abscisic acid reprogramming, salicylate and jasmonate defences in infected leaves to facilitate the formation of disease. The augmentation of salicylate and jasmonate defences could represent an approach through which quick wilt disease could be controlled in black pepper.
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17
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Identification of a Chitooligosaccharide Mechanism against Bacterial Leaf Blight on Rice by In Vitro and In Silico Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157990. [PMID: 34360756 PMCID: PMC8347687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on a commercial plant elicitor based on chitooligosaccharides (BIG®), which aids in rice plant growth and disease resistance to bacterial leaf blight (BLB). When the pathogen (Xoo) vigorously attacks rice that has suffered yield losses, it can cause damage in up to 20% of the plant. Furthermore, Xoo is a seed-borne pathogen that can survive in rice seeds for an extended period. In this study, when rice seeds were soaked and sprayed with BIG®, there was a significant increase in shoot and root length, as well as plant biomass. Furthermore, BIG®-treated rice plants showed a significant reduction in BLB severity of more than 33%. Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared (SR-FTIR) analysis was used to characterize BIG®’s mechanism in the chemical structure of rice leaves. The SR-FTIR results at 1650, 1735, and 1114 cm−1 indicated changes in biochemical components such as pectins, lignins, proteins, and celluloses. These findings demonstrated that commercial BIG® not only increased rice growth but also induced resistance to BLB. The drug’s target enzyme, Xoo 1075 from Xanthomonas oryzae (PDB ID: 5CY8), was analyzed for its interactions with polymer ingredients, specifically chitooligosaccharides, to gain molecular insights down to the atomic level. The results are intriguing, with a strong binding of the chitooligosaccharide polymer with the drug target, revealing 10 hydrogen bonds between the protein and polymer. Overall, the computational analysis supported the experimentally demonstrated strong binding of chitooligosaccharides to the drug target.
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18
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Thepbandit W, Papathoti NK, Daddam JR, Thumanu K, Siriwong S, Thanh TL, Buensanteai N. Identification of Salicylic Acid Mechanism against Leaf Blight Disease in Oryza sativa by SR-FTIR Microspectroscopic and Docking Studies. Pathogens 2021; 10:652. [PMID: 34074035 PMCID: PMC8225197 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was to investigate the application and mechanism of salicylic acid (SA) as SA-Ricemate for the control of leaf blight disease using a Synchrotron Radiation-based Fourier-Transform Infra-Red (SR-FTIR) microspectroscopy and docking studies. After treating rice plants cv. KDML 105 with SA-Ricemate, the leaves were inoculated with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causal agent of leaf blight, and disease severity were assessed. The leaves were also used to detect changes in endogenous SA content. The results indicated that SA-Ricemate, as an activated compound, reduced disease severity by 60% at three weeks post-inoculation and increased endogenous content by 50%. The SR-FTIR analysis of changes in the mesophyll of leaves (treated and untreated) showed that the groups of lipids, pectins, and proteins amide I and amide II occurred at higher values, and polysaccharides were shown at lower values in treated compared to untreated. Besides, docking studies were used to model a three-dimensional structure for Pathogenesis-related (PR1b) protein and further identify its interaction with SA. The results showed that ASP28, ARG31, LEU32, GLN97, and ALA93 are important residues that have strong hydrogen bonds with SA. The docking results showed that SA has a good interaction, confirming its role in expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannaporn Thepbandit
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (W.T.); (N.K.P.)
| | - Narendra Kumar Papathoti
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (W.T.); (N.K.P.)
| | - Jayasimha Rayalu Daddam
- Department of Animal Science, Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel;
| | - Kanjana Thumanu
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (K.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Supatcharee Siriwong
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (K.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Toan Le Thanh
- Department of Plant Protection, Can Tho University, Can Tho City 900000, Vietnam;
| | - Natthiya Buensanteai
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (W.T.); (N.K.P.)
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19
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Mathan J, Singh A, Ranjan A. Sucrose transport in response to drought and salt stress involves ABA-mediated induction of OsSWEET13 and OsSWEET15 in rice. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:620-637. [PMID: 32940908 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses, including drought and salinity, negatively affect plant development and physiology at molecular and metabolic levels. Sucrose transport, mediating distribution of photosynthates in plant, is a key physiological process impacted by drought and salinity stresses, as sucrose is a prime energy and signaling molecule as well as an osmolyte. Therefore, understanding the effects of abiotic stresses on sucrose transport and transporters, and underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms, is imperative to maintain sugar homeostasis in plants under stress. Here, we investigated the effects of drought and salinity stresses on sucrose transport and distribution, and on expression levels of genes encoding Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs), along with a potential transcription factor regulating SWEET expression in rice. We observed that drought and salinity stresses increased the sucrose content in leaf and root tissues and in phloem sap of rice indica varieties. Expression analyses of SWEET genes and histochemical analysis of β-glucuronidase-reporter transgenic plants suggested that OsSWEET13 and OsSWEET15 are major SWEET transporters regulating the sucrose transport and levels in response to the abiotic stresses. Transactivation analyses showed that an abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive transcription factor OsbZIP72 directly binds to the promoters of OsSWEET13 and OsSWEET15 and activates their expression. Taken together, the results showed that the higher expressions of OsSWEET13 and OsSWEET15 genes, induced by binding of an ABA-responsive transcription factor OsbZIP72 to the promoters, potentially modulate sucrose transport and distribution in response to the abiotic stresses. The mechanism could possibly be targeted for maintaining sugar homeostasis in rice under drought and salinity stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anuradha Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Aashish Ranjan
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
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20
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Meisrimler C, Allan C, Eccersall S, Morris RJ. Interior design: how plant pathogens optimize their living conditions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2514-2524. [PMID: 33098094 PMCID: PMC7898814 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens use effectors to suppress host defence mechanisms, promote the derivation of nutrients, and facilitate infection within the host plant. Much is now known about effectors that target biotic pathways, particularly those that interfere with plant innate immunity. By contrast, an understanding of how effectors manipulate nonimmunity pathways is only beginning to emerge. Here, we focus on exciting new insights into effectors that target abiotic stress adaptation pathways, tampering with key functions within the plant to promote colonization. We critically assess the role of various signalling agents in linking different pathways upon perturbation by pathogen effectors. Additionally, this review provides a summary of currently known bacterial, fungal, and oomycete pathogen effectors that induce biotic and abiotic stress responses in the plant, as a first step towards establishing a comprehensive picture for linking effector targets to pathogenic lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Allan
- School of Biological ScienceUniversity of CanterburyPrivate Bag 4800Christchurch8041New Zealand
| | - Sophie Eccersall
- School of Biological ScienceUniversity of CanterburyPrivate Bag 4800Christchurch8041New Zealand
| | - Richard J Morris
- Computational and Systems BiologyJohn Innes CentreNorwichNR4 7UHUK
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21
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Baruah I, Baldodiya GM, Sahu J, Baruah G. Dissecting the Role of Promoters of Pathogen-sensitive Genes in Plant Defense. Curr Genomics 2020; 21:491-503. [PMID: 33214765 PMCID: PMC7604749 DOI: 10.2174/1389202921999200727213500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants inherently show resistance to pathogen attack but are susceptible to multiple bacteria, viruses, fungi, and phytoplasmas. Diseases as a result of such infection leads to the deterioration of crop yield. Several pathogen-sensitive gene activities, promoters of such genes, associated transcription factors, and promoter elements responsible for crosstalk between the defense signaling pathways are involved in plant resistance towards a pathogen. Still, only a handful of genes and their promoters related to plant resistance have been identified to date. Such pathogen-sensitive promoters are accountable for elevating the transcriptional activity of certain genes in response to infection. Also, a suitable promoter is a key to devising successful crop improvement strategies as it ensures the optimum expression of the required transgene. The study of the promoters also helps in mining more details about the transcription factors controlling their activities and helps to unveil the involvement of new genes in the pathogen response. Therefore, the only way out to formulate new solutions is by analyzing the molecular aspects of these promoters in detail. In this review, we provided an overview of the promoter motifs and cis-regulatory elements having specific roles in pathogen attack response. To elaborate on the importance and get a vivid picture of the pathogen-sensitive promoter sequences, the key motifs and promoter elements were analyzed with the help of PlantCare and interpreted with available literature. This review intends to provide useful information for reconstructing the gene networks underlying the resistance of plants against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jagajjit Sahu
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Mycology & Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India;, E-mail: ; Environment Division, Assam Science Technology & Environment Council, Bigyan Bhawan, Guwahati-781005, Assam, India; E-mail:
| | - Geetanjali Baruah
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Mycology & Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India;, E-mail: ; Environment Division, Assam Science Technology & Environment Council, Bigyan Bhawan, Guwahati-781005, Assam, India; E-mail:
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22
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Schenke D, Cai D. Phytohormone crosstalk in the host-Verticillium interaction. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1803567. [PMID: 32772774 PMCID: PMC8550523 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1803567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Functional genomics can be applied to shed light on the Brassica napus - Verticillium interaction. RNAseq data indicated already that abscisic acid (ABA) is apparently involved in the early oilseed rape response to fungal infection with Verticillium longisporum isolate 43 (Vl43). A calreticulin (CRT1a) was identified as novel susceptibility factor for Vl43 infecting both Arabidopsis and oilseed rape. CRT1a is involved in calcium homeostasis and contributes in the endoplasmatic reticulum to the unfolded protein response. The latter function could either affect the correct folding of other susceptibility factors or of negative regulators in ethylene (ET) signaling. Which CRT1a function is affected in the mutants is currently unknown, but both hypotheses can explain that crt1a loss-of-function mutants display increased resistance to V. longisporum and enhanced expression of ethylene signaling related genes. This indicates that besides other phytohormones such as ABA or salicylic acid (SA) also ET plays a critical role in the plant-Verticillium interaction, which might be exploited to improve plant resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Schenke
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology and Biotechnology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daguang Cai
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology and Biotechnology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Major Latex Protein MdMLP423 Negatively Regulates Defense against Fungal Infections in Apple. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051879. [PMID: 32164313 PMCID: PMC7084931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Major latex proteins (MLPs) play critical roles in plants defense and stress responses. However, the roles of MLPs from apple (Malus × domestica) have not been clearly identified. In this study, we focused on the biological role of MdMLP423, which had been previously characterized as a potential pathogenesis-related gene. Phylogenetic analysis and conserved domain analysis indicated that MdMLP423 is a protein with a ‘Gly-rich loop’ (GXGGXG) domain belonging to the Bet v_1 subfamily. Gene expression profiles showed that MdMLP423 is mainly expressed in flowers. In addition, the expression of MdMLP423 was significantly inhibited by Botryosphaeria berengeriana f. sp. piricola (BB) and Alternaria alternata apple pathotype (AAAP) infections. Apple calli overexpressing MdMLP423 had lower expression of resistance-related genes, and were more sensitive to infection with BB and AAAP compared with non-transgenic calli. RNA-seq analysis of MdMLP423-overexpressing calli and non-transgenic calli indicated that MdMLP423 regulated the expression of a number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and transcription factors, including genes involved in phytohormone signaling pathways, cell wall reinforcement, and genes encoding the defense-related proteins, AP2-EREBP, WRKY, MYB, NAC, Zinc finger protein, and ABI3. Taken together, our results demonstrate that MdMLP423 negatively regulates apple resistance to BB and AAAP infections by inhibiting the expression of defense- and stress-related genes and transcription factors.
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Identification and characterization of genes frequently responsive to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Magnaporthe oryzae infections in rice. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:21. [PMID: 31906847 PMCID: PMC6945429 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Disease resistance is an important factor that impacts rice production. However, the mechanisms underlying rice disease resistance remain to be elucidated. Results Here, we show that a robust set of genes has been defined in rice response to the infections of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and Magnaporthe oryzae (Mor). We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the available microarray data from a variety of rice samples with inoculation of Xoo and Mor. A set of 12,932 genes was identified to be regulated by Xoo and another set of 2709 Mor-regulated genes was determined. GO enrichment analysis of the regulated genes by Xoo or Mor suggested mitochondrion may be an arena for the up-regulated genes and chloroplast be another for the down-regulated genes by Xoo or Mor. Cytokinin-related processes were most frequently repressed by Xoo, while processes relevant to jasmonic acid and abscisic acid were most frequently activated by Xoo and Mor. Among genes responsive to Xoo and Mor, defense responses and diverse signaling pathways were the most frequently enriched resistance mechanisms. InterPro annotation showed the zinc finger domain family, WRKY proteins, and Myb domain proteins were the most significant transcription factors regulated by Xoo and Mor. KEGG analysis demonstrated pathways including ‘phenylpropanoid biosynthesis’, ‘biosynthesis of antibiotics’, ‘phenylalanine metabolism’, and ‘biosynthesis of secondary metabolites’ were most frequently triggered by Xoo and Mor, whereas ‘circadian rhythm-plant’ was the most frequent pathway repressed by Xoo and Mor. Conclusions The genes identified here represent a robust set of genes responsive to the infections of Xoo and Mor, which provides an overview of transcriptional reprogramming during rice defense against Xoo and Mor infections. Our study would be helpful in understanding the mechanisms of rice disease resistance.
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Fungal Phytohormones: Plant Growth-Regulating Substances and Their Applications in Crop Productivity. Fungal Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-45971-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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26
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Kumar A, Kumar R, Sengupta D, Das SN, Pandey MK, Bohra A, Sharma NK, Sinha P, Sk H, Ghazi IA, Laha GS, Sundaram RM. Deployment of Genetic and Genomic Tools Toward Gaining a Better Understanding of Rice- Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Interactions for Development of Durable Bacterial Blight Resistant Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1152. [PMID: 32849710 PMCID: PMC7417518 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Rice is the most important food crop worldwide and sustainable rice production is important for ensuring global food security. Biotic stresses limit rice production significantly and among them, bacterial blight (BB) disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is very important. BB reduces rice yields severely in the highly productive irrigated and rainfed lowland ecosystems and in recent years; the disease is spreading fast to other rice growing ecosystems as well. Being a vascular pathogen, Xoo interferes with a range of physiological and biochemical exchange processes in rice. The response of rice to Xoo involves specific interactions between resistance (R) genes of rice and avirulence (Avr) genes of Xoo, covering most of the resistance genes except the recessive ones. The genetic basis of resistance to BB in rice has been studied intensively, and at least 44 genes conferring resistance to BB have been identified, and many resistant rice cultivars and hybrids have been developed and released worldwide. However, the existence and emergence of new virulent isolates of Xoo in the realm of a rapidly changing climate necessitates identification of novel broad-spectrum resistance genes and intensification of gene-deployment strategies. This review discusses about the origin and occurrence of BB in rice, interactions between Xoo and rice, the important roles of resistance genes in plant's defense response, the contribution of rice resistance genes toward development of disease resistance varieties, identification and characterization of novel, and broad-spectrum BB resistance genes from wild species of Oryza and also presents a perspective on potential strategies to achieve the goal of sustainable disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Kumar
- Department of Botany, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University (IGNTU), Amarkantak, India
- *Correspondence: Raman Meenakshi Sundaram, ; Anirudh Kumar,
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Life Science, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, India
| | - Debashree Sengupta
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad (UoH), Hyderabad, India
| | - Subha Narayan Das
- Department of Botany, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University (IGNTU), Amarkantak, India
| | - Manish K. Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Abhishek Bohra
- ICAR-Crop Improvement Division, Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur, India
| | - Naveen K. Sharma
- Department of Botany, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University (IGNTU), Amarkantak, India
| | - Pragya Sinha
- Department of Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Hajira Sk
- Department of Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Irfan Ahmad Ghazi
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad (UoH), Hyderabad, India
| | - Gouri Sankar Laha
- Department of Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Raman Meenakshi Sundaram
- Department of Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR), Hyderabad, India
- *Correspondence: Raman Meenakshi Sundaram, ; Anirudh Kumar,
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Long Q, Xie Y, He Y, Li Q, Zou X, Chen S. Abscisic Acid Promotes Jasmonic Acid Accumulation and Plays a Key Role in Citrus Canker Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1634. [PMID: 31921273 PMCID: PMC6934002 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Antagonism between jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) plays pivotal roles in the fine-tuning of plant immunity against pathogen infection. In this study, we compared the phytohormonal responses to Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) between the citrus canker-susceptible (S) cultivar Wanjincheng orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) and -resistant (R) cultivar Jindan (Fortunella crassifolia Swingle). Upon Xcc infection, SA and JA were strongly induced in Jindan (R) and Wanjincheng orange (S), respectively, and JA appeared to contribute to citrus disease susceptibility by antagonizing SA-mediated effective defenses. A homologous gene encoding the allene oxide synthase (AOS) 1-2 enzyme, which catalyzes the first committed step in JA biosynthesis, was specifically upregulated in Wanjincheng orange (S) but not in Jindan (R). A promoter sequence analysis showed that abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive elements are enriched in the AOS1-2 of Wanjincheng orange (S) but not in Jindan (R). Accordingly, ABA treatments could induce AOS1-2 expression and JA accumulation, leading to enhanced citrus disease susceptibility in Wanjincheng orange (S), while the synthesis inhibitor sodium tungstate had the opposite effects. Moreover, ABA was specifically induced by Xcc infection in Wanjincheng orange (S) but not in Jindan (R). Thus, Xcc appeared to hijack host ABA biosynthesis to promote JA accumulation, which in turn suppressed effectual SA-mediated defenses to favor disease development in citrus. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the differential citrus-canker resistance in citrus cultivars, and a new strategy for the biotechnological improvement of citrus canker resistance was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiuping Zou
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Shanchun Chen
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
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Behrens FH, Schenke D, Hossain R, Ye W, Schemmel M, Bergmann T, Häder C, Zhao Y, Ladewig L, Zhu W, Cai D. Suppression of abscisic acid biosynthesis at the early infection stage of Verticillium longisporum in oilseed rape (Brassica napus). MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:1645-1661. [PMID: 31603283 PMCID: PMC6859492 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium longisporum infects oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and Arabidopsis thaliana. To investigate the early response of oilseed rape to the fungal infection, we determined transcriptomic changes in oilseed rape roots at 6 days post-inoculation (dpi) by RNA-Seq analysis, in which non-infected roots served as a control. Strikingly, a subset of genes involved in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis was found to be down-regulated and the ABA level was accordingly attenuated in 6 dpi oilseed rape as compared with the control. Gene expression analysis revealed that this was mainly attributed to the suppression of BnNCED3-mediated ABA biosynthesis, involving, for example, BnWRKY57. However, this down-regulation of ABA biosynthesis could not be observed in infected Arabidopsis roots. Arabidopsis ABA- defective mutants nced3 and aao3 displayed pronounced tolerance to the fungal infection with delayed and impeded symptom development, even though fungal colonization was not affected in both mutants. These data suggest that ABA appears to be required for full susceptibility of Arabidopsis to the fungal infection. Furthermore, we found that in both 6 dpi oilseed rape and the Arabidopsis nced3 mutant, the salicylic acid (SA) signalling pathway was induced while the jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene (ET) signalling pathway was concomitantly mitigated. Following these data, we conclude that in oilseed rape the V. longisporum infection triggers a host-specific suppression of the NCED3-mediated ABA biosynthesis, consequently increasing plant tolerance to the fungal infection. We believe that this might be part of the virulence strategy of V. longisporum to initiate/establish a long-lasting compatible interaction with oilseed rape (coexistence), which appears to be different from the infection process in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk H. Behrens
- Institute of PhytopathologyDepartment of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielHermann Rodewald Str. 9D‐24118KielGermany
| | - Dirk Schenke
- Institute of PhytopathologyDepartment of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielHermann Rodewald Str. 9D‐24118KielGermany
| | - Roxana Hossain
- Institute of PhytopathologyDepartment of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielHermann Rodewald Str. 9D‐24118KielGermany
| | - Wanzhi Ye
- Institute of PhytopathologyDepartment of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielHermann Rodewald Str. 9D‐24118KielGermany
| | - Markus Schemmel
- Institute of PhytopathologyDepartment of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielHermann Rodewald Str. 9D‐24118KielGermany
| | - Thomas Bergmann
- Institute of PhytopathologyDepartment of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielHermann Rodewald Str. 9D‐24118KielGermany
| | - Claudia Häder
- Institute of PhytopathologyDepartment of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielHermann Rodewald Str. 9D‐24118KielGermany
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of PhytopathologyDepartment of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielHermann Rodewald Str. 9D‐24118KielGermany
| | - Lena Ladewig
- Institute of PhytopathologyDepartment of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielHermann Rodewald Str. 9D‐24118KielGermany
| | - Wenxuan Zhu
- Institute of PhytopathologyDepartment of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielHermann Rodewald Str. 9D‐24118KielGermany
| | - Daguang Cai
- Institute of PhytopathologyDepartment of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielHermann Rodewald Str. 9D‐24118KielGermany
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Cao FY, Khan M, Taniguchi M, Mirmiran A, Moeder W, Lumba S, Yoshioka K, Desveaux D. A host-pathogen interactome uncovers phytopathogenic strategies to manipulate plant ABA responses. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:187-198. [PMID: 31148337 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae delivers into host cells type III secreted effectors (T3SEs) that promote virulence. One virulence mechanism employed by T3SEs is to target hormone signaling pathways to perturb hormone homeostasis. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) influences interactions between various phytopathogens and their plant hosts, and has been shown to be a target of P. syringae T3SEs. In order to provide insight into how T3SEs manipulate ABA responses, we generated an ABA-T3SE interactome network (ATIN) between P. syringae T3SEs and Arabidopsis proteins encoded by ABA-regulated genes. ATIN consists of 476 yeast-two-hybrid interactions between 97 Arabidopsis ABA-regulated proteins and 56 T3SEs from four pathovars of P. syringae. We demonstrate that T3SE interacting proteins are significantly enriched for proteins associated with transcription. In particular, the ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR (ERF) family of transcription factors is highly represented. We show that ERF105 and ERF8 displayed a role in defense against P. syringae, supporting our overall observation that T3SEs of ATIN converge on proteins that influence plant immunity. In addition, we demonstrate that T3SEs that interact with a large number of ABA-regulated proteins can influence ABA responses. One of these T3SEs, HopF3Pph6 , inhibits the function of ERF8, which influences both ABA-responses and plant immunity. These results provide a potential mechanism for how HopF3Pph6 manipulates ABA-responses to promote P. syringae virulence, and also demonstrate the utility of ATIN as a resource to study the ABA-T3SE interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Y Cao
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Madiha Khan
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Masatoshi Taniguchi
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Armand Mirmiran
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Wolfgang Moeder
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Shelley Lumba
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada
- Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution & Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keiko Yoshioka
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada
- Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution & Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darrell Desveaux
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada
- Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution & Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Xanthomonas translucens commandeers the host rate-limiting step in ABA biosynthesis for disease susceptibility. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:20938-20946. [PMID: 31575748 PMCID: PMC6800315 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911660116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria acquire new virulence strategies for exploiting their hosts. This work reveals that the bacterial wheat pathogen Xanthomonas translucens uses a transcription activation-like (TAL) effector to promote virulence by directly activating the host gene 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase, the rate-limiting enzyme in biosynthesis of abscisic acid that is normally involved in water management within the host plant. Evolutionarily, TAL effectors are a relatively new class of virulence factors limited to a few species of pathogenic bacteria, and this work adds to the diversity of host susceptibility genes that can be exploited by pathogens through TAL effector gene function. Plants are vulnerable to disease through pathogen manipulation of phytohormone levels, which otherwise regulate development, abiotic, and biotic responses. Here, we show that the wheat pathogen Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa elevates expression of the host gene encoding 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (TaNCED-5BS), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of the phytohormone abscisic acid and a component of a major abiotic stress-response pathway, to promote disease susceptibility. Gene induction is mediated by a type III transcription activator-like effector. The induction of TaNCED-5BS results in elevated abscisic acid levels, reduced host transpiration and water loss, enhanced spread of bacteria in infected leaves, and decreased expression of the central defense gene TaNPR1. The results represent an appropriation of host physiology by a bacterial virulence effector.
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Krattinger SG, Kang J, Bräunlich S, Boni R, Chauhan H, Selter LL, Robinson MD, Schmid MW, Wiederhold E, Hensel G, Kumlehn J, Sucher J, Martinoia E, Keller B. Abscisic acid is a substrate of the ABC transporter encoded by the durable wheat disease resistance gene Lr34. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:853-866. [PMID: 30913300 PMCID: PMC6618152 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The wheat Lr34res allele, coding for an ATP-binding cassette transporter, confers durable resistance against multiple fungal pathogens. The Lr34sus allele, differing from Lr34res by two critical nucleotide polymorphisms, is found in susceptible wheat cultivars. Lr34res is functionally transferrable as a transgene into all major cereals, including rice, barley, maize, and sorghum. Here, we used transcriptomics, physiology, genetics, and in vitro and in vivo transport assays to study the molecular function of Lr34. We report that Lr34res results in a constitutive induction of transcripts reminiscent of an abscisic acid (ABA)-regulated response in transgenic rice. Lr34-expressing rice was altered in biological processes that are controlled by this phytohormone, including dehydration tolerance, transpiration and seedling growth. In planta seedling and in vitro yeast accumulation assays revealed that both LR34res and LR34sus act as ABA transporters. However, whereas the LR34res protein was detected in planta the LR34sus version was not, suggesting a post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism. Our results identify ABA as a substrate of the LR34 ABC transporter. We conclude that LR34res-mediated ABA redistribution has a major effect on the transcriptional response and physiology of Lr34res-expressing plants and that ABA is a candidate molecule that contributes to Lr34res-mediated disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon G. Krattinger
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Joohyun Kang
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Stephanie Bräunlich
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Rainer Boni
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Harsh Chauhan
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Liselotte L. Selter
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Mark D. Robinson
- Institute of Molecular Life SciencesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of BioinformaticsUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Marc W. Schmid
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Elena Wiederhold
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Goetz Hensel
- Plant Reproductive BiologyLeibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) GaterslebenSeeland/OT, GaterslebenGermany
| | - Jochen Kumlehn
- Plant Reproductive BiologyLeibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) GaterslebenSeeland/OT, GaterslebenGermany
| | - Justine Sucher
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Beat Keller
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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Dual species transcript profiling during the interaction between banana (Musa acuminata) and the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:519. [PMID: 31234790 PMCID: PMC6591919 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5902-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Banana wilt disease, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (Foc TR4), is one of the most devastating diseases in banana (Musa spp.). Foc is a soil borne pathogen that causes rot of the roots or wilt of leaves by colonizing the xylem vessels. The dual RNA sequencing is used to simultaneously assess the transcriptomes of pathogen and host. This method greatly helps to understand the responses of pathogen and host to each other and discover the potential pathogenic mechanism. Results Plantlets of two economically important banana cultivars, Foc TR4 less susceptible cultivar NK and susceptible cultivar BX, were used to research the Foc-banana interaction mechanism. Notably, the infected NK had more significantly up-regulated genes on the respiration machinery including TCA cycle, glyoxylate, glycerol, and glycolysis compared to BX at 27 h post inoculation (hpi). In addition, genes involved in plant-pathogen interaction, starch, sucrose, linolenic acid and sphingolipid metabolisms were uniquely more greatly induced in BX than those in NK during the whole infection. Genes related to the biosynthesis and metabolism of SA and JA were greatly induced in the infected NK; while auxin and abscisic acid metabolisms related genes were strongly stimulated in the infected BX at 27 hpi. Furthermore, most of fungal genes were more highly expressed in the roots of BX than in those of NK. The fungal genes related to pathogenicity, pectin and chitin metabolism, reactive oxygen scavenging played the important roles during the infection of Foc. CCP1 (cytochrome c peroxidase 1) was verified to involve in cellulose utilization, oxidative stress response and pathogenicity of fungus. Conclusion The transcriptome indicated that NK had much faster defense response against Foc TR4 than BX and the expression levels of fungal genes were higher in BX than those in NK. The metabolisms of carbon, nitrogen, and signal transduction molecular were differentially involved in pathogen infection in BX and NK. Additionally, the putative virulence associated fungal genes involved in colonization, nutrition acquirement and transport provided more insights into the infection process of Foc TR4 in banana roots. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5902-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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He X, Li W, Zhang W, Jin X, Shenkute AG, Aynalem T, Xu S, Wang W. Transcriptome Sequencing Analysis Provides Insights Into the Response to Fusarium oxysporum in Lilium pumilum. Evol Bioinform Online 2019; 15:1176934319838818. [PMID: 31223231 PMCID: PMC6563521 DOI: 10.1177/1176934319838818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lily basal rot, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lilii, is one of the most serious diseases of lily. Although the lily germplasm which is resistant to F. oxysporum has been used in disease-resistant breeding, few studies on its molecular mechanism of disease resistance have been reported. To comprehensively study the mechanism of resistance to F. oxysporum, transcriptome sequencings of root tissues from Lilium pumilum inoculated with F. oxysporum or sterile water for 6, 12, or 24 h were performed. A total of 50 GB of data were obtained from the transcriptome sequencings of the 6 L. pumilum samples, and 217 098 Unigenes were obtained after the de novo assembly, of which 38.36% Unigenes were annotated. The sequencing results showed that the numbers of differentially expressed genes at 6, 12, and 24 h after inoculation compared with the control were 111, 254, and 2500, respectively. The functional enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes showed that several pathways were involved in responses of L. pumilum, mainly including starch and sucrose metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, flavonoid biosynthesis, vitamin B6 (VB6) biosynthesis, acid biosynthesis, proteasome, and ribosome. Transcription factor analysis revealed that the WRKY and ERF families played important roles in responses of L. pumilum to F. oxysporum. The results of this study elucidate the molecular responses to F. oxysporum in lily and lay a theoretical foundation for improving lily breeding and strategies for lily basal rot resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng He
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China.,Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Wanyue Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhu Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotong Jin
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Awraris Getachew Shenkute
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tessema Aynalem
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Shufa Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhe Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China.,Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
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A comprehensive study of the hormetic influence of biosynthesized AgNPs on regenerating rice calli of indica cv. IR64. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8821. [PMID: 31217482 PMCID: PMC6584664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45214-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice is one of the most widely cultivated crops worldwide; however, it is not amenable to genetic manipulations, owing to its poor response to tissue culture and regeneration in vitro. To improve its response to tissue culture, we evaluated the influence of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles on callus induction, regeneration and rhizogenesis in Indica rice cv. IR64. Silver nanoparticles were biosynthesized by using silver nitrate and Parthenium hysterophorus plant extract, and were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (PHAgNPs), when supplemented in tissue culture medium, promoted callus induction frequency, callus regeneration and rhizogenesis at concentrations of 10 mg l -1, 5 mg l-1 and 10 mg l-1, respectively. Further examination of the endogenous hormonal levels in regenerating calli revealed that AgNPs enhanced regeneration by alleviating abscisic acid and ethylene levels in the plant tissue. The stimulatory influence eliciting the regeneration response was found to be optimal with the supplementation of 5 mg l-1 PHAgNPs in the regeneration medium; the malondialdehyde, proline and hydrogen peroxide levels were also lower than those in the control, thus suggesting improved antioxidant status. Our results indicated that biosynthesized PHAgNPs may have the potential to positively influence tissue culture of recalcitrant varieties.
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Jiang B, Wang Z, Xu C, Liu W, Jiang D. Screening and identification of Aspergillus activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and analysis of antimicrobial components. J Microbiol 2019; 57:597-605. [PMID: 31073897 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-019-8330-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
To screen for Aspergillus activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and analyse the antimicrobial components involved, 60 Aspergillus spp. were isolated and purified from fruits, soil and other habitats. As-75, an Aspergillus strain that can antagonize Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, was identified based on the zone of inhibition formed during co-culture. According to morphological, ITS rDNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic tree results, the strain showed close homology to Aspergillus sclerotiorum. The biochemical characterization tests showed that the fermentation broth of strain As-75 exhibited a high capacity for environmental adaptation. The results of the antimicrobial spectrum experiments demonstrated that As-75 exhibited fairly strong antagonistic activity against five plant pathogenic fungi and six plant pathogenic bacteria in vitro. The fermentation broth of strain As-75 displayed maximum stability under fluorescent illumination at temperatures below 60°C at pH 6.5. A substance with antagonistic activity was obtained from strain As-75 via fractional extraction, silica gel column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. Through mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analyses, the target compound was identified as (2Z)-2-butenedioic acid-2-(1-methylethenyl)-4-methyl ester; its molecular weight of 170.06 daltons and formula of C8H10O4 identify it as a novel compound. Trials of the preventative and curative effects demonstrated that compound S1 exhibited a better control efficiency than the control against rice bacterial blight. Additionally, the M1 processing method was better, and the efficiency of compound S1 in preventing rice bacterial blight in six rice varieties, TN1, IR24, ZF802, Zhonghua 11, Wuyunjing 21, and Nipponbare, was 78.3%, 77.5%, 74.2%, 75.3%, 70.9%, and 72.1%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Chuxuan Xu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Weijia Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Donghua Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, 321004, P. R. China.
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Sircar S, Parekh N. Meta-analysis of drought-tolerant genotypes in Oryza sativa: A network-based approach. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216068. [PMID: 31059518 PMCID: PMC6502313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought is a severe environmental stress. It is estimated that about 50% of the world rice production is affected mainly by drought. Apart from conventional breeding strategies to develop drought-tolerant crops, innovative computational approaches may provide insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of stress response and identify drought-responsive markers. Here we propose a network-based computational approach involving a meta-analytic study of seven drought-tolerant rice genotypes under drought stress. RESULTS Co-expression networks enable large-scale analysis of gene-pair associations and tightly coupled clusters that may represent coordinated biological processes. Considering differentially expressed genes in the co-expressed modules and supplementing external information such as resistance/tolerance QTLs, transcription factors, network-based topological measures, we identify and prioritize drought-adaptive co-expressed gene modules and potential candidate genes. Using the candidate genes that are well-represented across the datasets as 'seed' genes, two drought-specific protein-protein interaction networks (PPINs) are constructed with up- and down-regulated genes. Cluster analysis of the up-regulated PPIN revealed ABA signalling pathway as a central process in drought response with a probable crosstalk with energy metabolic processes. Tightly coupled gene clusters representing up-regulation of core cellular respiratory processes and enhanced degradation of branched chain amino acids and cell wall metabolism are identified. Cluster analysis of down-regulated PPIN provides a snapshot of major processes associated with photosynthesis, growth, development and protein synthesis, most of which are shut down during drought. Differential regulation of phytohormones, e.g., jasmonic acid, cell wall metabolism, signalling and posttranslational modifications associated with biotic stress are elucidated. Functional characterization of topologically important, drought-responsive uncharacterized genes that may play a role in important processes such as ABA signalling, calcium signalling, photosynthesis and cell wall metabolism is discussed. Further transgenic studies on these genes may help in elucidating their biological role under stress conditions. CONCLUSION Currently, a large number of resources for rice functional genomics exist which are mostly underutilized by the scientific community. In this study, a computational approach integrating information from various resources such as gene co-expression networks, protein-protein interactions and pathway-level information is proposed to provide a systems-level view of complex drought-responsive processes across the drought-tolerant genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchari Sircar
- Centre for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nita Parekh
- Centre for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, India
- * E-mail:
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Cohen SP, Leach JE. Abiotic and biotic stresses induce a core transcriptome response in rice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6273. [PMID: 31000746 PMCID: PMC6472405 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42731-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental stresses greatly limit crop yield. With the increase in extreme weather events due to climate change and the constant pressure of diseases and pests, there is an urgent need to develop crop varieties that can tolerate multiple stresses. However, our knowledge of how plants broadly respond to stress is limited. Here, we explore the rice core stress response via meta-analysis of publicly available rice transcriptome data. Our results confirm that rice universally down-regulates photosynthesis in response to both abiotic and biotic stress. Rice also generally up-regulates hormone-responsive genes during stress response, most notably genes in the abscisic acid, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid pathways. We identified several promoter motifs that are likely involved in stress-responsive regulatory mechanisms in rice. With this work, we provide a list of candidate genes to study for improving rice stress tolerance in light of environmental stresses. This work also serves as a proof of concept to show that meta-analysis of diverse transcriptome data is a valid approach to develop robust hypotheses for how plants respond to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Cohen
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, CO, 80523-1177, Fort Collins, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, CO, 80523-1005, Fort Collins, USA
| | - Jan E Leach
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, CO, 80523-1177, Fort Collins, USA.
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Ke Y, Kang Y, Wu M, Liu H, Hui S, Zhang Q, Li X, Xiao J, Wang S. Jasmonic Acid-Involved OsEDS1 Signaling in Rice-Bacteria Interactions. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 12:25. [PMID: 30989404 PMCID: PMC6465387 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-019-0283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The function of Arabidopsis enhanced disease susceptibility 1 (AtEDS1) and its sequence homologs in other dicots have been extensively studied. However, it is unknown whether rice EDS1 homolog (OsEDS1) plays a role in regulating the rice-pathogen interaction. RESULTS In this study, a OsEDS1-knouckout mutant (oseds1) was characterized and shown to have increased susceptibility to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), suggesting the positive role of OsEDS1 in regulating rice disease resistance. However, the following evidence suggests that OsEDS1 shares some differences with AtEDS1 in its way to regulate the host-pathogen interactions. Firstly, OsEDS1 modulates the rice-bacteria interactions involving in jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway, while AtEDS1 regulates Arabidopsis disease resistance against biotrophic pathogens depending on salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway. Secondly, introducing AtEDS1 could reduce oseds1 mutant susceptibility to Xoo rather than to Xoc. Thirdly, exogenous application of JA and SA cannot complement the susceptible phenotype of the oseds1 mutant, while exogenous application of SA is capable of complementing the susceptible phenotype of the ateds1 mutant. Finally, OsEDS1 is not required for R gene mediated resistance, while AtEDS1 is required for disease resistance mediated by TIR-NB-LRR class of R proteins. CONCLUSION OsEDS1 is a positive regulator in rice-pathogen interactions, and shares both similarities and differences with AtEDS1 in its way to regulate plant-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinggen Ke
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuanrong Kang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mengxiao Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shugang Hui
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qinglu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xianghua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinghua Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shiping Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Wang X, Du Y, Yu D. Trehalose phosphate synthase 5-dependent trehalose metabolism modulates basal defense responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:509-527. [PMID: 30058771 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the recent discovery that trehalose synthesis is important for plant development and abiotic stress tolerance, the effects of trehalose on biotic stress responses remain relatively unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that TREHALOSE PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE 5 (TPS5)-dependent trehalose metabolism regulates Arabidopsis thaliana defenses against pathogens (necrotrophic Botrytis cinerea and biotrophic Pseudomonas syringae). Pathogen infection increased trehalose levels and upregulated TPS5 expression. Application of exogenous trehalose significantly improved plant defenses against B. cinerea, but increased the susceptibility of plants to P. syringae. We demonstrate that elevated trehalose biosynthesis, in transgenic plants over-expressing TPS5, also increased the susceptibility to P. syringae, but decreased the disease symptoms caused by B. cinerea. The knockout of TPS5 prevented the accumulation of trehalose and enhanced defense responses against P. syringae. Additionally, we observed that a TPS5-interacting protein (multiprotein bridging factor 1c) was required for induced expression of TPS5 during pathogen infections. Furthermore, we show that trehalose promotes P. syringae growth and disease development, via a mechanism involving suppression of the plant defense gene, Pathogenesis-Related Protein 1. These findings provide insight into the function of TPS5-dependent trehalose metabolism in plant basal defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use,, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Du
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use,, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Diqiu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use,, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
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40
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Mücke S, Reschke M, Erkes A, Schwietzer CA, Becker S, Streubel J, Morgan RD, Wilson GG, Grau J, Boch J. Transcriptional Reprogramming of Rice Cells by Xanthomonas oryzae TALEs. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:162. [PMID: 30858855 PMCID: PMC6397873 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Rice-pathogenic Xanthomonas oryzae bacteria cause severe harvest loss and challenge a stable food supply. The pathogen virulence relies strongly on bacterial TALE (transcription activator-like effector) proteins that function as transcriptional activators inside the plant cell. To understand the plant targets of TALEs, we determined the genome sequences of the Indian X. oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) type strain ICMP 3125T and the strain PXO142 from the Philippines. Their complete TALE repertoire was analyzed and genome-wide TALE targets in rice were characterized. Integrating computational target predictions and rice transcriptomics data, we were able to verify 12 specifically induced target rice genes. The TALEs of the Xoo strains were reconstructed and expressed in a TALE-free Xoo strain to attribute specific induced genes to individual TALEs. Using reporter assays, we could show that individual TALEs act directly on their target promoters. In particular, we show that TALE classes assigned by AnnoTALE reflect common target genes, and that TALE classes of Xoo and the related pathogen X. oryzae pv. oryzicola share more common target genes than previously believed. Taken together, we establish a detailed picture of TALE-induced plant processes that significantly expands our understanding of X. oryzae virulence strategies and will facilitate the development of novel resistances to overcome this important rice disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Mücke
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Maik Reschke
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Annett Erkes
- Institute of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Claudia-Alice Schwietzer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Sebastian Becker
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Jana Streubel
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | | | | | - Jan Grau
- Institute of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jens Boch
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hanover, Germany
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Ding X, Huang X, Sun L, Wu J, Liu J. Influence of Abscisic Acid-Biosynthesis Inhibitor Fluridone on the Feeding Behavior and Fecundity of Nilaparvata lugens. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10020057. [PMID: 30791475 PMCID: PMC6409642 DOI: 10.3390/insects10020057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fluridone (FLU) was a pyrrolidone herbicide that was used for selective weeding in wheat, rice, corn and pasture and was also a biosynthesis inhibitor of abscisic acid (ABA), a significant plant hormone. ABA-promoted callose deposition facilitates rice resistance to pests but whether FLU had the opposite influence was unknown. The effects of FLU on the feeding behavior of the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål; BPH), after feeding with rice plants treated with FLU, were studied, using an electrical penetration graph (EPG). For susceptible rice cultivar (TN1), the duration for which BPH sucked phloem sap (N4 wave duration) after 15 μmol/L of FLU treatment was longer than that of the control but decreased after 30 and 60 μmol/L FLU treatments. Fecundity of BPH treated with 15 μmol/L FLU had no significant change, while the deposition area of callose was significantly decreased. For moderately-resistant rice cultivar (IR42), no differences in BPH feeding behavior and fecundity were observed but the deposition area of callose declined after treated with 15 μmol/L of FLU. These findings suggested that a low concentration of FLU (15 μmol/L) promoted BPH feeding behavior in TN1 but not in IR42 and the response in IR42 appeared to be more complicated, which provided supplementary evidence that ABA promoted plant resistance to BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ding
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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42
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Chiesa MA, Roeschlin RA, Favaro MA, Uviedo F, Campos‐Beneyto L, D’Andrea R, Gadea J, Marano MR. Plant responses underlying nonhost resistance of Citrus limon against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:254-269. [PMID: 30260546 PMCID: PMC6637874 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Citrus is an economically important fruit crop that is severely afflicted by citrus canker, a disease caused by Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri (X. citri); thus, new sustainable strategies to manage this disease are needed. Although all Citrus spp. are susceptible to this pathogen, they are resistant to other Xanthomonas species, exhibiting non-host resistance (NHR), for example, to the brassica pathogen X. campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) and a gene-for-gene host defence response (HDR) to the canker-causing X. fuscans ssp. aurantifolii (Xfa) strain C. Here, we examine the plant factors associated with the NHR of C. limon to Xcc. We show that Xcc induced asymptomatic type I NHR, allowing the bacterium to survive in a stationary phase in the non-host tissue. In C. limon, this NHR shared some similarities with HDR; both defence responses interfered with biofilm formation, and were associated with callose deposition, induction of the salicylic acid (SA) signalling pathway and the repression of abscisic acid (ABA) signalling. However, greater stomatal closure was seen during NHR than during HDR, together with different patterns of accumulation of reactive oxygen species and phenolic compounds and the expression of secondary metabolites. Overall, these differences, independent of Xcc type III effector proteins, could contribute to the higher protection elicited against canker development. We propose that Xcc may have the potential to steadily activate inducible defence responses. An understanding of these plant responses (and their triggers) may allow the development of a sustained and sustainable resistance to citrus canker.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A. Chiesa
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET)Ocampo y Esmeralda S/NS2002LRKRosarioArgentina
- Área Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y FarmacéuticasUniversidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR)Suipacha 590S2002LRKRosarioArgentina
- Laboratorio de Fisiología VegetalInstituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR)‐UNR/CONICETParque Villarino S/N, 2125 ZavallaSanta FeArgentina
| | - Roxana A. Roeschlin
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET)Ocampo y Esmeralda S/NS2002LRKRosarioArgentina
- Área Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y FarmacéuticasUniversidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR)Suipacha 590S2002LRKRosarioArgentina
- Facultad de Ciencias AgropecuariasUniversidad Católica de Santa FeLudueña 612, S3560DYR ReconquistaSanta FeArgentina
| | - María A. Favaro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET)Ocampo y Esmeralda S/NS2002LRKRosarioArgentina
- Área Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y FarmacéuticasUniversidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR)Suipacha 590S2002LRKRosarioArgentina
- Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasUniversidad Nacional del LitoralProducción Vegetal, Kreder 2805, 3080 HOF EsperanzaSanta FeArgentina
| | - Facundo Uviedo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET)Ocampo y Esmeralda S/NS2002LRKRosarioArgentina
| | - Laura Campos‐Beneyto
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP)Universidad Politécnica de Valencia‐C.S.I.CIngeniero Fausto Elio, S/N46022ValenciaEspaña
| | - Rodrigo D’Andrea
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET)Ocampo y Esmeralda S/NS2002LRKRosarioArgentina
- Área Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y FarmacéuticasUniversidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR)Suipacha 590S2002LRKRosarioArgentina
| | - José Gadea
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP)Universidad Politécnica de Valencia‐C.S.I.CIngeniero Fausto Elio, S/N46022ValenciaEspaña
| | - María R. Marano
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET)Ocampo y Esmeralda S/NS2002LRKRosarioArgentina
- Área Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y FarmacéuticasUniversidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR)Suipacha 590S2002LRKRosarioArgentina
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Zhang D, Tian C, Yin K, Wang W, Qiu JL. Postinvasive Bacterial Resistance Conferred by Open Stomata in Rice. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:255-266. [PMID: 30124364 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-18-0162-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stomata are leaf pores that regulate gas exchange and water transpiration in response to environmental cues. They also function in innate immunity by limiting pathogen entry through actively closing in so-called stomatal defense. However, roles of stomata in plant disease resistance are not fully elucidated, especially in monocots. Here, we report that non-race specific resistance of the rice abscisic acid-deficient mutant Osaba1 to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is due to increased stomatal conductance. Reducing stomatal conductance in the Osaba1 mutant increases its susceptibility to X. oryzae pv. oryzae. Artificial opening of stomata in wild-type plants leads to enhanced resistance to X. oryzae pv. oryzae. The rice mutant es1-1 with constitutively higher stomatal conductance exhibits strong resistance to X. oryzae pv. oryzae. Additionally, Osaba1 and es1-1 are resistant to X. oryzae pv. oryzicola. The data support that open stomata confer postinvasive resistance against bacterial pathogens in rice, and such resistance probably results from decreased leaf water potential. Our findings reveal a novel role of stomata in plant immunity through modulation of leaf water status, which provides physiological insight into the interactions between plant, pathogen, and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
- 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Caijuan Tian
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
| | - Kangquan Yin
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
| | - Wenyi Wang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
| | - Jin-Long Qiu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
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Guan D, Yang F, Xia X, Shi Y, Yang S, Cheng W, He S. CaHSL1 Acts as a Positive Regulator of Pepper Thermotolerance Under High Humidity and Is Transcriptionally Modulated by CaWRKY40. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1802. [PMID: 30581449 PMCID: PMC6292930 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pepper (Capsicum annuum) is an economically important vegetable and heat stress can severely impair pepper growth, development, and productivity. The molecular mechanisms underlying pepper thermotolerance are therefore important to understand but remain elusive. In the present study, we characterized the function of CaHSL1, encoding a HAESA-LIKE (HSL) receptor-like protein kinase (RLK), during the response of pepper to high temperature and high humidity (HTHH). CaHSL1 exhibits the typical structural features of an arginine-aspartate RLK. Transient overexpression of CaHSL1 in the mesophyll cells of Nicotiana benthamiana showed that CaHSL1 localizes throughout the cell, including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and the nucleus. CaHSL1 was significantly upregulated by HTHH or the exogenous application of abscisic acid but not by R. solanacearum inoculation. However, CaHSL1 was downregulated by exogenously applied salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, or ethephon. Silencing of CaHSL1 by virus-induced gene silencing significantly was reduced tolerance to HTHH and downregulated transcript levels of an associated gene CaHSP24. In contrast, transient overexpression of CaHSL1 enhanced the transcript abundance of CaHSP24 and increased tolerance to HTHH, as manifested by enhanced optimal/maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II in the dark (Fv/Fm) and actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem II in the light. In addition, CaWRKY40 targeted the promoter of CaHSL1 and induced transcription during HTHH but not in response to R. solanacearum. All of these results suggest that CaHSL1 is directly modulated at the transcriptional level by CaWRKY40 and functions as a positive regulator in the response of pepper to HTHH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyi Guan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Xia
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuilin He
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Liu Q, Yan S, Huang W, Yang J, Dong J, Zhang S, Zhao J, Yang T, Mao X, Zhu X, Liu B. NAC transcription factor ONAC066 positively regulates disease resistance by suppressing the ABA signaling pathway in rice. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 98:289-302. [PMID: 30387038 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0768-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This is the first time to dissect the mechanism of NACs-mediated disease resistance in plants using metabolomic approach and discover the involvement of ABA signaling pathway in NACs-mediated disease resistance. NAC transcription factors have been validated as important regulators in stress responses, but their molecular mechanisms in plant disease resistance are still largely unknown. Here we report that the NAC gene ONAC066 (LOC_Os01g09550) is significantly activated by rice blast infection. ONAC066 is ubiquitously expressed and this protein is localized in the nucleus. Overexpression of ONAC066 quantitatively enhances resistance to blast disease and bacterial blight in rice. The transcript levels of PR genes are also dramatically induced in ONAC066 overexpressing plants. Exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) strongly activates the transcription of ONAC066 in rice. Further analysis shows that overexpression of ONAC066 remarkably suppresses the expression of ABA-related genes, whereas there are no obvious differences for salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA)-related genes between wild-type and ONAC066 overexpressing plants. Consistently, lower endogenous ABA levels are identified in ONAC066 overexpressing plants compared with wild-type plants before and after blast inoculation, while no significant differences are observed for the SA and JA levels. Yeast one-hybrid assays demonstrate that ONAC066 directly binds to the promoters of LIP9 and NCED4 to modulate their expression. Moreover, the metabolomic study reveals that the ONAC066 overexpressing plants accumulated higher contents of soluble sugars and amino acids both before and after pathogen attack, when compared to wild-type plants. Taken together, our results suggest that ONAC066 positively regulates rice resistance to blast and bacterial blight, and ONAC066 exerts its functions on disease resistance by modulating of ABA signaling pathway, sugars and amino acids accumulation in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shijuan Yan
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jianyuan Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jingfang Dong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shaohong Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Junliang Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Tifeng Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xingxue Mao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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Cao FY, DeFalco TA, Moeder W, Li B, Gong Y, Liu XM, Taniguchi M, Lumba S, Toh S, Shan L, Ellis B, Desveaux D, Yoshioka K. Arabidopsis ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 8 (ERF8) has dual functions in ABA signaling and immunity. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:211. [PMID: 30261844 PMCID: PMC6161326 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1402-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) 8 is a member of one of the largest transcription factor families in plants, the APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) superfamily. Members of this superfamily have been implicated in a wide variety of processes such as development and environmental stress responses. RESULTS In this study we demonstrated that ERF8 is involved in both ABA and immune signaling. ERF8 overexpression induced programmed cell death (PCD) in Arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana. This PCD was salicylic acid (SA)-independent, suggesting that ERF8 acts downstream or independent of SA. ERF8-induced PCD was abolished by mutations within the ERF-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif, indicating ERF8 induces cell death through its transcriptional repression activity. Two immunity-related mitogen-activated protein kinases, MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 4 (MPK4) and MPK11, were identified as ERF8-interacting proteins and directly phosphorylated ERF8 in vitro. Four putative MPK phosphorylation sites were identified in ERF8, one of which (Ser103) was determined to be the predominantly phosphorylated residue in vitro, while mutation of all four putative phosphorylation sites partially suppressed ERF8-induced cell death in N. benthamiana. Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis and pathogen growth assays confirmed a positive role of ERF8 in mediating immunity, as ERF8 knockdown or overexpression lines conferred compromised or enhanced resistance against the hemibiotrophic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Together these data reveal that the ABA-inducible transcriptional repressor ERF8 has dual roles in ABA signaling and pathogen defense, and further highlight the complex influence of ABA on plant-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yi Cao
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Thomas A. DeFalco
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
- Present address: Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Moeder
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Yunchen Gong
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
- Center for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function (CAGEF), University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Xiao-Min Liu
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Masatoshi Taniguchi
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
- Present address: Kyoto Research Laboratories, YMC CO., LTD., 59 Yonnotsubo-cho Iwakuraminami, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-0033 Japan
| | - Shelley Lumba
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Shigeo Toh
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
- Present address: Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571 Japan
| | - Libo Shan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Brian Ellis
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Darrell Desveaux
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
- Center for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function (CAGEF), University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Keiko Yoshioka
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
- Center for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function (CAGEF), University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
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Huang R, Li Y, Tang G, Hui S, Yang Z, Zhao J, Liu H, Cao J, Yuan M. Dynamic phytohormone profiling of rice upon rice black-streaked dwarf virus invasion. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 228:92-100. [PMID: 29886196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) is the causal agent of rice black-streaked dwarf disease, a serious constraint to rice production. A great deal of effort has been made to elucidate the transcriptome and proteome changes of rice upon virus inoculation. However, the relationship between RBSDV invasion and rice endogenous phytohormone profiling is largely unclear. Here, we surveyed the dynamic content profiling of endogenous phytohormones, which were severely disturbed by RBSDV invasion. The levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokinins (CTKs) increased, while indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellins (GAs), jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA) decreased, accompanied by changes in the transcripts of genes participating in phytohormone metabolism and signalling pathways. Moreover, exogenously supplied GA3 could rescue the typical dwarfing symptom, and pre-application of SA largely decreased the occurrence of RBSDV disease in rice. The results partially suggest that RBSDV successfully invaded host rice by modulating the expression patterns of phytohormone metabolism to upset the balance of plant endogenous phytohormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyan Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yueyue Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guilin Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shugang Hui
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zeyu Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Junwei Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianbo Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Jiang K, Asami T. Chemical regulators of plant hormones and their applications in basic research and agriculture*. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:1265-1300. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1462693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Plant hormones are small molecules that play versatile roles in regulating plant growth, development, and responses to the environment. Classic methodologies, including genetics, analytic chemistry, biochemistry, and molecular biology, have contributed to the progress in plant hormone studies. In addition, chemical regulators of plant hormone functions have been important in such studies. Today, synthetic chemicals, including plant growth regulators, are used to study and manipulate biological systems, collectively referred to as chemical biology. Here, we summarize the available chemical regulators and their contributions to plant hormone studies. We also pose questions that remain to be addressed in plant hormone studies and that might be solved with the help of chemical regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jiang
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadao Asami
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Wang Z, Xia Y, Lin S, Wang Y, Guo B, Song X, Ding S, Zheng L, Feng R, Chen S, Bao Y, Sheng C, Zhang X, Wu J, Niu D, Jin H, Zhao H. Osa-miR164a targets OsNAC60 and negatively regulates rice immunity against the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 95:584-597. [PMID: 29775494 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the regulatory mechanism played by endogenous rice miRNAs in defense responses against the blast disease is of great significance in both resistant variety breeding and disease control management. We identified rice defense-related miRNAs by comparing rice miRNA expression patterns before and after Magnaporthe oryzae strain Guy11 infection. We discovered that osa-miR164a expression reduced upon Guy11 infection at both early and late stages, which was perfectly associated with the induced expression of its target gene, OsNAC60. OsNAC60 encodes a transcription factor, over-expression of which enhanced defense responses, such as increased programmed cell death, greater ion leakage, more reactive oxygen species accumulation and callose deposition, and upregulation of defense-related genes. By using transgenic rice over-expressing osa-miR164a, and a transposon insertion mutant of OsNAC60, we showed that when the miR164a/OsNAC60 regulatory module was dysfunctional, rice developed significant susceptibility to Guy11 infection. The co-expression of OsNAC60 and osa-miR164a abolished the OsNAC60 activity, but not its synonymous mutant. We further validated that this regulatory module is conserved in plant resistance to multiple plant diseases, such as the rice sheath blight, tomato late blight, and soybean root and stem rot diseases. Our results demonstrate that the miR164a/OsNAC60 regulatory module manipulates rice defense responses to M. oryzae infection. This discovery is of great potential for resistant variety breeding and disease control to a broad spectrum of pathogens in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyun Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Yeqiang Xia
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Siyuan Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Yanru Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Baohuan Guo
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoning Song
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Shaochen Ding
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Liyu Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Ruiying Feng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Shulin Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Yalin Bao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Cong Sheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Niu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Hailing Jin
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
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Sun G, Yang Q, Zhang A, Guo J, Liu X, Wang Y, Ma Q. Synergistic effect of the combined bio-fungicides ε-poly-l-lysine and chitooligosaccharide in controlling grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) in tomatoes. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 276:46-53. [PMID: 29656220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The antifungal properties and the induction of resistance by ε-poly-l-lysine (ε-PL) and chitooligosaccharide (COS) were examined to find an alternative to synthetic fungicides currently used in the control of the devastating fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of grey mould disease of tomatoes. As presented herein, this combined treatment (200 mg/L ε-PL + 400 mg/L COS) was found to have optimal in vitro antifungal activities, achieving an inhibition rate of 90.22%. In vivo assays with these combined bio-fungicides, under greenhouse conditions using susceptible tomato plants, demonstrated good protection against severe grey mould. In field tests, the combined bio-fungicides had a control effect of up to 66.67% against tomato grey mould. To elucidate the mechanisms of the combined bio-fungicide-induced resistance in the tomato, plants were subjected to three treatments: 1) inoculation with B. cinerea after spraying with 200 mg/L ε-PL alone, 2) inoculation with the combined bio-fungicides, and 3) inoculation with 400 mg/L COS alone. Compared to the control (sterile water), increases in salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) levels and increased phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were observed. Catalase (CAT) activity and abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) levels decreased, particularly in the combined bio-fungicide-treated plants. Altogether, these findings reveal that the combined bio-fungicides (200 mg/L ε-PL + 400 mg/L COS) should be an excellent biocontrol agent candidate that combines direct antifungal activity against B. cinerea with plant resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qichao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ancheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xinjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Qing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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