1
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Guo C, Sharma AK, Guzmán J, Herrmann C, Boulant S, Stanifer ML. Interleukin-22 Promotes Cell Proliferation to Combat Virus Infection in Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2024. [PMID: 39076109 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2024.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cuncai Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ashwini Kumar Sharma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University and BioQuant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - José Guzmán
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carl Herrmann
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University and BioQuant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steeve Boulant
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Megan L Stanifer
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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2
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Ashby KM, Vobořil M, Salgado OC, Lee ST, Martinez RJ, O'Connor CH, Breed ER, Xuan S, Roll CR, Bachigari S, Heiland H, Stetson DB, Kotenko SV, Hogquist KA. Sterile production of interferons in the thymus affects T cell repertoire selection. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadp1139. [PMID: 39058762 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adp1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Type I and III interferons (IFNs) are robustly induced during infections and protect cells against viral infection. Both type I and III IFNs are also produced at low levels in the thymus at steady state; however, their role in T cell development and immune tolerance is unclear. Here, we found that both type I and III IFNs were constitutively produced by a very small number of AIRE+ murine thymic epithelial cells, independent of microbial stimulation. Antigen-presenting cells were highly responsive to thymic IFNs, and IFNs were required for the activation and maturation of thymic type 1 conventional dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells. Loss of IFN sensing led to reduced regulatory T cell selection, reduced T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire diversity, and enhanced autoreactive T cell responses to self-antigens expressed during peripheral IFN signaling. Thus, constitutive exposure to IFNs in the thymus is required for generating a tolerant and diverse TCR repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Maude Ashby
- Center for Immunology, Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Matouš Vobořil
- Center for Immunology, Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Oscar C Salgado
- Center for Immunology, Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - S Thera Lee
- Center for Immunology, Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ryan J Martinez
- Center for Immunology, Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Christine H O'Connor
- Research Informatics Solutions, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Group, Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Elise R Breed
- Center for Immunology, Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Shuya Xuan
- Center for Immunology, Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Charles R Roll
- Center for Immunology, Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Saumith Bachigari
- Center for Immunology, Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Hattie Heiland
- Center for Immunology, Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Daniel B Stetson
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sergei V Kotenko
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Center for Cell Signaling, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Kristin A Hogquist
- Center for Immunology, Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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3
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Liu X, Ji L, Cheng Y, Kong L, Xie S, Yang J, Chen J, Wang Z, Ma J, Wang H, Yan Y, Sun J. Porcine deltacoronavirus nonstructural protein 2 inhibits type I and III IFN production by targeting STING for degradation. Vet Res 2024; 55:79. [PMID: 38886840 PMCID: PMC11184774 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01330-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an enteropathogenic coronavirus that has been reported to use various strategies to counter the host antiviral innate immune response. The cGAS-STING signalling pathway plays an important role in antiviral innate immunity. However, it remains unclear whether PDCoV achieves immune evasion by regulating the cGAS-STING pathway. Here, we demonstrated that the nonstructural protein 2 (nsp2) encoded by PDCoV inhibits cGAS-STING-mediated type I and III interferon (IFN) responses via the regulation of porcine STING (pSTING) stability. Mechanistically, ectopically expressed PDCoV nsp2 was found to interact with the N-terminal region of pSTING. Consequently, pSTING was degraded through K48-linked ubiquitination and the proteasomal pathway, leading to the disruption of cGAS-STING signalling. Furthermore, K150 and K236 of pSTING were identified as crucial residues for nsp2-mediated ubiquitination and degradation. In summary, our findings provide a basis for elucidating the immune evasion mechanism of PDCoV and will contribute to the development of targets for anti-coronavirus drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Likai Ji
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuqiang Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linghe Kong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Songhua Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaofei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjiao Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hengan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaxian Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianhe Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Nishihara K, Villot C, Cangiano L, Guan LL, Steele M. Bacteria colonization and gene expression related to immune function in colon mucosa is associated with growth in neonatal calves regardless of live yeast supplementation. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:76. [PMID: 38835065 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As Holstein calves are susceptible to gastrointestinal disorders during the first week of life, understanding how intestinal immune function develops in neonatal calves is important to promote better intestinal health. Feeding probiotics in early life may contribute to host intestinal health by facilitating beneficial bacteria colonization and developing intestinal immune function. The objective of this study was to characterize the impact of early life yeast supplementation and growth on colon mucosa-attached bacteria and host immune function. RESULTS Twenty Holstein bull calves received no supplementation (CON) or Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii (SCB) from birth to 5 d of life. Colon tissue biopsies were taken within 2 h of life (D0) before the first colostrum feeding and 3 h after the morning feeding at d 5 of age (D5) to analyze mucosa-attached bacteria and colon transcriptome. Metagenome sequencing showed that there was no difference in α and β diversity of mucosa-attached bacteria between day and treatment, but bacteria related to diarrhea were more abundant in the colon mucosa on D0 compared to D5. In addition, qPCR indicated that the absolute abundance of Escherichia coli (E. coli) decreased in the colon mucosa on D5 compared to D0; however, that of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, which could competitively exclude E. coli, increased in the colon mucosa on D5 compared to D0. RNA-sequencing showed that there were no differentially expressed genes between CON and SCB, but suggested that pathways related to viral infection such as "Interferon Signaling" were activated in the colon mucosa of D5 compared to D0. CONCLUSIONS Growth affected mucosa-attached bacteria and host immune function in the colon mucosa during the first 5 d of life in dairy calves independently of SCB supplementation. During early life, opportunistic pathogens may decrease due to intestinal environmental changes by beneficial bacteria and/or host immune function. Predicted activation of immune function-related pathways may be the result of host immune function development or suggest other antigens in the intestine during early life. Further studies focusing on the other antigens and host immune function in the colon mucosa are required to better understand intestinal immune function development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Nishihara
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 1Y2, Canada
| | - Clothilde Villot
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, Canada
- Lallemand SAS, Blagnac, F-31702, France
| | - Lautaro Cangiano
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Michael Steele
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 1Y2, Canada.
- Present Address: Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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5
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Sojati J, Parks OB, Zhang Y, Walters S, Lan J, Eddens T, Lou D, Fan L, Chen K, Oury TD, Williams JV. IFN-λ drives distinct lung immune landscape changes and antiviral responses in human metapneumovirus infection. mBio 2024; 15:e0055024. [PMID: 38530032 PMCID: PMC11077986 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00550-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a primary cause of acute respiratory infection, yet there are no approved vaccines or antiviral therapies for HMPV. Early host responses to HMPV are poorly characterized, and further understanding could identify important antiviral pathways. Type III interferon (IFN-λ) displays potent antiviral activity against respiratory viruses and is being investigated for therapeutic use. However, its role in HMPV infection remains largely unknown. Here, we show that IFN-λ is highly upregulated during HMPV infection in vitro in human and mouse airway epithelial cells and in vivo in mice. We found through several immunological and molecular assays that type II alveolar cells are the primary producers of IFN-λ. Using mouse models, we show that IFN-λ limits lung HMPV replication and restricts virus spread from upper to lower airways but does not contribute to clinical disease. Moreover, we show that IFN-λ signaling is predominantly mediated by CD45- non-immune cells. Mice lacking IFN-λ signaling showed diminished loss of ciliated epithelial cells and decreased recruitment of lung macrophages in early HMPV infection along with higher inflammatory cytokine and interferon-stimulated gene expression, suggesting that IFN-λ may maintain immunomodulatory responses. Administration of IFN-λ for prophylaxis or post-infection treatment in mice reduced viral load without inflammation-driven weight loss or clinical disease. These data offer clinical promise for IFN-λ in HMPV treatment. IMPORTANCE Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a common respiratory pathogen and often contributes to severe disease, particularly in children, immunocompromised people, and the elderly. There are currently no licensed HMPV antiviral treatments or vaccines. Here, we report novel roles of host factor IFN-λ in HMPV disease that highlight therapeutic potential. We show that IFN-λ promotes lung antiviral responses by restricting lung HMPV replication and spread from upper to lower airways but does so without inducing lung immunopathology. Our data uncover recruitment of lung macrophages, regulation of ciliated epithelial cells, and modulation of inflammatory cytokines and interferon-stimulated genes as likely contributors. Moreover, we found these roles to be distinct and non-redundant, as they are not observed with knockout of, or treatment with, type I IFN. These data elucidate unique antiviral functions of IFN-λ and suggest IFN-λ augmentation as a promising therapeutic for treating HMPV disease and promoting effective vaccine responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorna Sojati
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Olivia B. Parks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sara Walters
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jie Lan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Taylor Eddens
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dequan Lou
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kong Chen
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tim D. Oury
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John V. Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Institute for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation in Children, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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6
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Zhong C, She G, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Li J, Wei X, Chen Z, Zhao K, Zhao Z, Xu Z, Zhang H, Cao Y, Xue C. Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus Nsp1 suppresses IFN-λ1 production by degrading IRF1 via ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Vet Res 2024; 55:45. [PMID: 38589958 PMCID: PMC11003034 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a novel porcine enteric coronavirus that causes acute watery diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration in newborn piglets. The type III interferon (IFN-λ) response serves as the primary defense against viruses that replicate in intestinal epithelial cells. However, there is currently no information available on how SADS-CoV modulates the production of IFN-λ. In this study, we utilized IPI-FX cells (a cell line of porcine ileum epithelium) as an in vitro model to investigate the potential immune evasion strategies employed by SADS-CoV against the IFN-λ response. Our results showed that SADS-CoV infection suppressed the production of IFN-λ1 induced by poly(I:C). Through screening SADS-CoV-encoded proteins, nsp1, nsp5, nsp10, nsp12, nsp16, E, S1, and S2 were identified as antagonists of IFN-λ1 production. Specifically, SADS-CoV nsp1 impeded the activation of the IFN-λ1 promoter mediated by MAVS, TBK1, IKKε, and IRF1. Both SADS-CoV and nsp1 obstructed poly(I:C)-induced nuclear translocation of IRF1. Moreover, SADS-CoV nsp1 degraded IRF1 via the ubiquitin-mediated proteasome pathway without interacting with it. Overall, our study provides the first evidence that SADS-CoV inhibits the type III IFN response, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms employed by SADS-CoV to evade the host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaoli She
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yukun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaona Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zexin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongchang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyi Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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7
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Lüder CGK. IFNs in host defence and parasite immune evasion during Toxoplasma gondii infections. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1356216. [PMID: 38384452 PMCID: PMC10879624 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1356216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are a family of cytokines with diverse functions in host resistance to pathogens and in immune regulation. Type II IFN, i.e. IFN-γ, is widely recognized as a major mediator of resistance to intracellular pathogens, including the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. More recently, IFN-α/β, i.e. type I IFNs, and IFN-λ (type III IFN) have been identified to also play important roles during T. gondii infections. This parasite is a widespread pathogen of humans and animals, and it is a model organism to study cell-mediated immune responses to intracellular infection. Its success depends, among other factors, on the ability to counteract the IFN system, both at the level of IFN-mediated gene expression and at the level of IFN-regulated effector molecules. Here, I review recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying IFN-mediated host resistance and immune regulation during T. gondii infections. I also discuss those mechanisms that T. gondii has evolved to efficiently evade IFN-mediated immunity. Knowledge of these fascinating host-parasite interactions and their underlying signalling machineries is crucial for a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis, and it might also identify potential targets of parasite-directed or host-directed supportive therapies to combat the parasite more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten G. K. Lüder
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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8
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Bernard-Raichon L, Cadwell K. Immunomodulation by Enteric Viruses. Annu Rev Virol 2023; 10:477-502. [PMID: 37380186 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-111821-112317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Enteric viruses display intricate adaptations to the host mucosal immune system to successfully reproduce in the gastrointestinal tract and cause maladies ranging from gastroenteritis to life-threatening disease upon extraintestinal dissemination. However, many viral infections are asymptomatic, and their presence in the gut is associated with an altered immune landscape that can be beneficial or adverse in certain contexts. Genetic variation in the host and environmental factors including the bacterial microbiota influence how the immune system responds to infections in a remarkably viral strain-specific manner. This immune response, in turn, determines whether a given virus establishes acute versus chronic infection, which may have long-lasting consequences such as susceptibility to inflammatory disease. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the mechanisms involved in the interaction between enteric viruses and the immune system that underlie the impact of these ubiquitous infectious agents on our health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Bernard-Raichon
- Cell Biology Department, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
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9
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Johnson D, Carbonetti N. Roles and Effects of Interferon Lambda Signaling in the Context of Bacterial Infections. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2023; 43:363-369. [PMID: 37289801 PMCID: PMC10517327 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2023.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Type III interferon, or interferon lambda (IFNλ), was discovered 20 years ago and has been studied primarily for its role in combatting viral infections. However, it is also induced in response to certain bacterial infections but its roles and effects in this context are relatively poorly understood. In this mini review, we discuss the roles of IFNλ signaling in bacterial infections, highlighting its deleterious or protective effects for different infections. We also discuss a couple of recent studies showing that some bacteria possess defense mechanisms against the effects of IFNλ. We hope that this review will spur further investigation into the roles of IFNλ in the context of bacterial infections and will promote considerations of its therapeutic potential for these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da'Kuawn Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicholas Carbonetti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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10
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Hartman SJ, Weiss MA, Temple HM, Donnelly B, Pasula R, Poling HM, McNeal M, Mohanty SK, Tiao GM. Deletion of Interferon Lambda Receptor Elucidates Susceptibility to the Murine Model of Biliary Atresia. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2023; 43:427-434. [PMID: 37725010 PMCID: PMC10517325 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2023.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Biliary atresia (BA) is a life-threatening cholangiopathy occurring in infancy, the most common indication for pediatric liver transplantation. The etiology of BA remains unknown; however, a viral etiology has been proposed as multiple viruses have been detected in explants of infants afflicted with BA. In the murine model of BA, Rhesus rotavirus (RRV) infection of newborn BALB/c pups results in a cholangiopathy that mirrors human BA. Infected BALB/c pups experience 100% symptomatology and mortality, while C57BL/6 mice are asymptomatic. Interferon-λ (IFN-λ) is an epithelial cytokine that provides protection against viral infection. We demonstrated that IFN-λ is highly expressed in C57BL/6, leading to reduced RRV replication. RRV-infection of C57BL/6 IFN-λ receptor knockout (C57BL/6 IFN-λR KO) pups resulted in 90% developing obstructive symptoms and 45% mortality with a higher viral titer in bile ducts and profound periportal inflammation compared to C57BL/6. Histology revealed complete biliary obstruction in symptomatic C57BL/6 IFN-λR KO pups, while C57BL/6 ducts were patent. These findings suggest that IFN-λ is critical in preventing RRV replication. Deficiency in IFN-λ permits RRV infection, which triggers the inflammatory cascade causing biliary obstruction. Further IFN-λ study is warranted as it may play an important role in infant susceptibility to BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Hartman
- Department of Pediatric and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Madeleine A. Weiss
- Department of Pediatric and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Haley M. Temple
- Department of Pediatric and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Bryan Donnelly
- Department of Pediatric and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Rajamouli Pasula
- Department of Pediatric and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Holly M. Poling
- Department of Pediatric and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Monica McNeal
- Department of Pediatric and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Sujit K. Mohanty
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA-ARS), Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Greg M. Tiao
- Department of Pediatric and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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11
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Stanifer ML, Karst SM, Boulant S. Regionalization of the antiviral response in the gastrointestinal tract to provide spatially controlled host/pathogen interactions. mBio 2023; 14:e0279122. [PMID: 37260237 PMCID: PMC10470817 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02791-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As the largest mucosal surface, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract plays a key role in protecting the host against pathogen infections. It is a first line of defense against enteric viruses and must act to control infection while remaining tolerant to the high commensal bacteria load found within the GI tract. The GI tract can be divided into six main sections (stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, and rectum), and enteric pathogens have evolved to infect distinct parts of the GI tract. The intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) lining the GI tract are immune competent and can counteract these infections through their intrinsic immune response. Type I and type III interferons (IFNs) are antiviral cytokines that play a key role in protecting IECs against viruses with the type III IFN being the most important. Recent work has shown that IECs derived from the different sections of the GI tract display a unique expression of pattern recognition receptors used to fight pathogen infections. Additionally, it was also shown that these cells show a section-specific response to enteric viruses. This mini-review will discuss the molecular strategies used by IECs to detect and combat enteric viruses highlighting the differences existing along the entero-caudal axis of the GI tract. We will provide a perspective on how these spatially controlled mechanisms may influence virus tropism and discuss how the intestinal micro-environment may further shape the response of IECs to virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L. Stanifer
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Stephanie M. Karst
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Steeve Boulant
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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12
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Cortez V, Livingston B, Sharp B, Hargest V, Papizan JB, Pedicino N, Lanning S, Jordan SV, Gulman J, Vogel P, DuBois RM, Crawford JC, Boyd DF, Pruett-Miller SM, Thomas PG, Schultz-Cherry S. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 regulates cell permissivity to astrovirus infection. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:551-562. [PMID: 37290501 PMCID: PMC10528345 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Astroviruses cause a spectrum of diseases spanning asymptomatic infections to severe diarrhea, but little is understood about their pathogenesis. We previously determined that small intestinal goblet cells were the main cell type infected by murine astrovirus-1. Here, we focused on the host immune response to infection and inadvertently discovered a role for indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (Ido1), a host tryptophan catabolizing enzyme, in the cellular tropism of murine and human astroviruses. We identified that Ido1 expression was highly enriched among infected goblet cells, and spatially corresponded to the zonation of infection. Because Ido1 can act as a negative regulator of inflammation, we hypothesized it could dampen host antiviral responses. Despite robust interferon signaling in goblet cells, as well as tuft cell and enterocyte bystanders, we observed delayed cytokine induction and suppressed levels of fecal lipocalin-2. Although we found Ido-/- animals were more resistant to infection, this was not associated with fewer goblet cells nor could it be rescued by knocking out interferon responses, suggesting that IDO1 instead regulates cell permissivity. We characterized IDO1-/- Caco-2 cells and observed significantly reduced human astrovirus-1 infection. Together this study highlights a role for Ido1 in astrovirus infection and epithelial cell maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Cortez
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Development Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA.
| | - Brandi Livingston
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bridgett Sharp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Virginia Hargest
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - James B Papizan
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Natalie Pedicino
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Development Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Sarah Lanning
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Development Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA; Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Summer Vaughn Jordan
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Development Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Jacob Gulman
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Development Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Peter Vogel
- Veterinary Pathology Core, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rebecca M DuBois
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Jeremy Chase Crawford
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - David F Boyd
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Development Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Shondra M Pruett-Miller
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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13
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Tilden SG, Ricco MH, Hemann EA, Anchordoquy TJ. Reducing off-target drug accumulation by exploiting a type-III interferon response. J Control Release 2023; 358:729-738. [PMID: 37230293 PMCID: PMC10389760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicines have been touted as the future of cancer therapy for decades. However, the field of tumor-targeted nanomedicine has failed to significantly advance toward becoming the primary choice for cancer intervention. One of the largest obstacles that has yet to be overcome is off-target accumulation of the nanoparticles. We propose a novel approach to tumor delivery by focusing on decreasing off-target accumulation of nanomedicines rather than directly increasing tumor delivery. Acknowledging a poorly understood "refractory" response to intravenously injected gene therapy vectors observed in ours and other studies, we hypothesize that virus-like particles (lipoplexes) can be utilized to initiate an anti-viral innate immune response that limits off-target accumulation of subsequently administered nanoparticles. Indeed, our results show a significant reduction in the deposition of both dextran and Doxil® in major organs with a concurrent increase in plasma and tumor accumulation when injection occurred 24 h after a lipoplex injection. Furthermore, our data showing that the direct injection of interferon lambda (IFN-λ) is capable of eliciting this response demonstrates a central role for this type III interferon in limiting accumulation in non-tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott G Tilden
- University of Colorado, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America.
| | - Madison H Ricco
- University of Colorado, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Emily A Hemann
- Ohio State University, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Thomas J Anchordoquy
- University of Colorado, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
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14
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Kennedy EA, Aggarwal S, Dhar A, Karst SM, Wilen CB, Baldridge MT. Age-associated features of norovirus infection analysed in mice. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:1095-1107. [PMID: 37188813 PMCID: PMC10484054 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01383-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Norovirus (NoV) is the leading global cause of viral gastroenteritis. Young children bear the highest burden of disease and play a key role in viral transmission throughout the population. However, which host factors contribute to age-associated variability in NoV severity and shedding are not well-defined. The murine NoV (MNoV) strain CR6 causes persistent infection in adult mice and targets intestinal tuft cells. Here we find that natural transmission of CR6 from infected dams occurred only in juvenile mice. Direct oral CR6 inoculation of wild-type neonatal mice led to accumulation of viral RNA in the ileum and prolonged shedding in the stool that was replication-independent. This viral exposure induced both innate and adaptive immune responses including interferon-stimulated gene expression and MNoV-specific antibody responses. Interestingly, viral uptake depended on passive ileal absorption of luminal virus, a process blocked by cortisone acetate administration, which prevented ileal viral RNA accumulation. Neonates lacking interferon signalling in haematopoietic cells were susceptible to productive infection, viral dissemination and lethality, which depended on the canonical MNoV receptor CD300LF. Together, our findings reveal developmentally associated aspects of persistent MNoV infection, including distinct tissue and cellular tropism, mechanisms of interferon regulation and severity of infection in the absence of interferon signalling. These emphasize the importance of defining viral pathogenesis phenotypes across the developmental spectrum and highlight passive viral uptake as an important contributor to enteric infections in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Kennedy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Somya Aggarwal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Arko Dhar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stephanie M Karst
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Craig B Wilen
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Megan T Baldridge
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
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15
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Kawagishi T, Sánchez-Tacuba L, Feng N, Costantini VP, Tan M, Jiang X, Green KY, Vinjé J, Ding S, Greenberg HB. Mucosal and systemic neutralizing antibodies to norovirus induced in infant mice orally inoculated with recombinant rotaviruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2214421120. [PMID: 36821582 PMCID: PMC9992845 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2214421120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotaviruses (RVs) preferentially replicate in the small intestine and frequently cause severe diarrheal disease, and the following enteric infection generally induces variable levels of protective systemic and mucosal immune responses in humans and other animals. Rhesus rotavirus (RRV) is a simian RV that was previously used as a human RV vaccine and has been extensively studied in mice. Although RRV replicates poorly in the suckling mouse intestine, infection induces a robust and protective antibody response. The recent availability of plasmid only-based RV reverse genetics systems has enabled the generation of recombinant RVs expressing foreign proteins. However, recombinant RVs have not yet been experimentally tested as potential vaccine vectors to immunize against other gastrointestinal pathogens in vivo. This is a newly available opportunity because several live-attenuated RV vaccines are already widely administered to infants and young children worldwide. To explore the feasibility of using RV as a dual vaccine vector, we rescued replication-competent recombinant RRVs harboring bicistronic gene segment 7 that encodes the native RV nonstructural protein 3 (NSP3) protein and a human norovirus (HuNoV) VP1 protein or P domain from the predominant genotype GII.4. The rescued viruses expressed HuNoV VP1 or P protein in infected cells in vitro and elicited systemic and local antibody responses to HuNoV and RRV following oral infection of suckling mice. Serum IgG and fecal IgA from infected suckling mice bound to and neutralized both RRV and HuNoV. These findings have encouraging practical implications for the design of RV-based next-generation multivalent enteric vaccines to target HuNoV and other human enteric pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kawagishi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA94304
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Liliana Sánchez-Tacuba
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA94304
| | - Ningguo Feng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA94304
| | - Veronica P. Costantini
- National Calicivirus Laboratory, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA30333
| | - Ming Tan
- Divison of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH45229
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH45229
| | - Xi Jiang
- Divison of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH45229
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH45229
| | - Kim Y. Green
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Jan Vinjé
- National Calicivirus Laboratory, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA30333
| | - Siyuan Ding
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Harry B. Greenberg
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA94304
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16
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Martinez RJ, Breed ER, Worota Y, Ashby KM, Vobořil M, Mathes T, Salgado OC, O’Connor CH, Kotenko SV, Hogquist KA. Type III interferon drives thymic B cell activation and regulatory T cell generation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220120120. [PMID: 36802427 PMCID: PMC9992806 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220120120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of thymic B cells is critical for their licensing as antigen presenting cells and resulting ability to mediate T cell central tolerance. The processes leading to licensing are still not fully understood. By comparing thymic B cells to activated Peyer's patch B cells at steady state, we found that thymic B cell activation starts during the neonatal period and is characterized by TCR/CD40-dependent activation, followed by immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR) without forming germinal centers. Transcriptional analysis also demonstrated a strong interferon signature, which was not apparent in the periphery. Thymic B cell activation and CSR were primarily dependent on type III IFN signaling, and loss of type III IFN receptor in thymic B cells resulted in reduced thymocyte regulatory T cell (Treg) development. Finally, from TCR deep sequencing, we estimate that licensed B cells induce development of a substantial fraction of the Treg cell repertoire. Together, these findings reveal the importance of steady-state type III IFN in generating licensed thymic B cells that induce T cell tolerance to activated B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Martinez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Elise R. Breed
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Yosan Worota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Katherine M. Ashby
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Matouš Vobořil
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Tailor Mathes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Oscar C. Salgado
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Christine H. O’Connor
- Research Informatics Solutions, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Group, Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Sergei V. Kotenko
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ07103
- Center for Cell Signaling, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ07103
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ07103
| | - Kristin A. Hogquist
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN55455
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17
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Murillo-León M, Bastidas-Quintero AM, Endres NS, Schnepf D, Delgado-Betancourt E, Ohnemus A, Taylor GA, Schwemmle M, Staeheli P, Steinfeldt T. IFN-λ is protective against lethal oral Toxoplasma gondii infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.24.529861. [PMID: 36865100 PMCID: PMC9980175 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.24.529861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Interferons are essential for innate and adaptive immune responses against a wide variety of pathogens. Interferon lambda (IFN-λ) protects mucosal barriers during pathogen exposure. The intestinal epithelium is the first contact site for Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) with its hosts and the first defense line that limits parasite infection. Knowledge of very early T. gondii infection events in the gut tissue is limited and a possible contribution of IFN-λ has not been investigated so far. Here, we demonstrate with systemic interferon lambda receptor (IFNLR1) and conditional (Villin-Cre) knockout mouse models and bone marrow chimeras of oral T. gondii infection and mouse intestinal organoids a significant impact of IFN-λ signaling in intestinal epithelial cells and neutrophils to T. gondii control in the gastrointestinal tract. Our results expand the repertoire of interferons that contribute to the control of T. gondii and may lead to novel therapeutic approaches against this world-wide zoonotic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateo Murillo-León
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aura M. Bastidas-Quintero
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Niklas S. Endres
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Current address:Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Schnepf
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Current address: Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Annette Ohnemus
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gregory A. Taylor
- Departments of Medicine; Molecular Genetics and Microbiology; and Immunology; and Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, NC 27710 Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, NC 27705 Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Staeheli
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Steinfeldt
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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18
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Mochochoko BM, Pohl CH, O’Neill HG. Candida albicans-enteric viral interactions-The prostaglandin E 2 connection and host immune responses. iScience 2022; 26:105870. [PMID: 36647379 PMCID: PMC9839968 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome comprises trillions of microorganisms residing within different mucosal cavities and across the body surface. The gut microbiota modulates host susceptibility to viral infections in several ways, and microbial interkingdom interactions increase viral infectivity within the gut. Candida albicans, a frequently encountered fungal species in the gut, produces highly structured biofilms and eicosanoids such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which aid in viral protection and replication. These biofilms encompass viruses and provide a shield from antiviral drugs or the immune system. PGE2 is a key modulator of active inflammation with the potential to regulate interferon signaling upon microbial invasion or viral infections. In this review, we raise the perspective of gut interkingdom interactions involving C. albicans and enteric viruses, with a special focus on biofilms, PGE2, and viral replication. Ultimately, we discuss the possible implications of C. albicans-enteric virus associations on host immune responses, particularly the interferon signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonang M. Mochochoko
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
| | - Carolina H. Pohl
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa,Corresponding author
| | - Hester G. O’Neill
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa,Corresponding author
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19
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Tran NL, Ferreira LM, Alvarez-Moya B, Buttiglione V, Ferrini B, Zordan P, Monestiroli A, Fagioli C, Bezzecchi E, Scotti GM, Esposito A, Leone R, Gnasso C, Brendolan A, Guidotti LG, Sitia G. Continuous sensing of IFNα by hepatic endothelial cells shapes a vascular antimetastatic barrier. eLife 2022; 11:e80690. [PMID: 36281643 PMCID: PMC9596162 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic metastases are a poor prognostic factor of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and new strategies to reduce the risk of liver CRC colonization are highly needed. Herein, we used mouse models of hepatic metastatization to demonstrate that the continuous infusion of therapeutic doses of interferon-alpha (IFNα) controls CRC invasion by acting on hepatic endothelial cells (HECs). Mechanistically, IFNα promoted the development of a vascular antimetastatic niche characterized by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) defenestration extracellular matrix and glycocalyx deposition, thus strengthening the liver vascular barrier impairing CRC trans-sinusoidal migration, without requiring a direct action on tumor cells, hepatic stellate cells, hepatocytes, or liver dendritic cells (DCs), Kupffer cells (KCs) and liver capsular macrophages (LCMs). Moreover, IFNα endowed LSECs with efficient cross-priming potential that, along with the early intravascular tumor burden reduction, supported the generation of antitumor CD8+ T cells and ultimately led to the establishment of a protective long-term memory T cell response. These findings provide a rationale for the use of continuous IFNα therapy in perioperative settings to reduce CRC metastatic spreading to the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Lan Tran
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Lorena Maria Ferreira
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Blanca Alvarez-Moya
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Valentina Buttiglione
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Barbara Ferrini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Paola Zordan
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
| | - Andrea Monestiroli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Claudio Fagioli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | | | | | - Antonio Esposito
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Riccardo Leone
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Chiara Gnasso
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Andrea Brendolan
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Luca G Guidotti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
| | - Giovanni Sitia
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
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20
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Role of Interferons in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Clin Pract 2022; 12:788-796. [PMID: 36286068 PMCID: PMC9600403 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract12050082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable measures have been implemented in healthcare institutions to screen for and treat tuberculosis (TB) in developed countries; however, in low- and middle-income countries, many individuals still suffer from TB’s deleterious effects. TB is caused by an infection from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) bacteria. Symptoms of TB may range from an asymptomatic latent-phase affecting the pulmonary tract to a devastating active and disseminated stage that can cause central nervous system demise, musculoskeletal impairments, and genitourinary compromise. Following M. tb infection, cytokines such as interferons (IFNs) are released as part of the host immune response. Three main classes of IFNs prevalent during the immune defense include: type I IFN (α and β), type II IFN (IFN-γ), and type III IFN (IFN-λ). The current literature reports that type I IFN plays a role in diminishing the host defense against M. tb by attenuating T-cell activation. In opposition, T-cell activation drives type II IFN release, which is the primary cytokine mediating protection from M. tb by stimulating macrophages and their oxidative defense mechanisms. Type III IFN has a subsidiary part in improving the Th1 response for host cell protection against M. tb. Based on the current evidence available, our group aims to summarize the role that each IFN serves in TB within this literature review.
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21
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Kumar D, Shepherd FK, Springer NL, Mwangi W, Marthaler DG. Rotavirus Infection in Swine: Genotypic Diversity, Immune Responses, and Role of Gut Microbiome in Rotavirus Immunity. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101078. [PMID: 36297136 PMCID: PMC9607047 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotaviruses (RVs) are endemic in swine populations, and all swine herds certainly have a history of RV infection and circulation. Rotavirus A (RVA) and C (RVC) are the most common among all RV species reported in swine. RVA was considered most prevalent and pathogenic in swine; however, RVC has been emerging as a significant cause of enteritis in newborn piglets. RV eradication from swine herds is not practically achievable, hence producers’ mainly focus on minimizing the production impact of RV infections by reducing mortality and diarrhea. Since no intra-uterine passage of immunoglobulins occur in swine during gestation, newborn piglets are highly susceptible to RV infection at birth. Boosting lactogenic immunity in gilts by using vaccines and natural planned exposure (NPE) is currently the only way to prevent RV infections in piglets. RVs are highly diverse and multiple RV species have been reported from swine, which also contributes to the difficulties in preventing RV diarrhea in swine herds. Human RV-gut microbiome studies support a link between microbiome composition and oral RV immunogenicity. Such information is completely lacking for RVs in swine. It is not known how RV infection affects the functionality or structure of gut microbiome in swine. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of genotypic diversity of swine RVs, host-ranges, innate and adaptive immune responses to RVs, homotypic and heterotypic immunity to RVs, current methods used for RV management in swine herds, role of maternal immunity in piglet protection, and prospects of investigating swine gut microbiota in providing immunity against rotaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Correspondence: (D.K.); (W.M.); (D.G.M.); Tel.: +1-804-503-1241 (D.K.)
| | - Frances K Shepherd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55108, USA
| | - Nora L. Springer
- Clinical Pathology, Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Waithaka Mwangi
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Correspondence: (D.K.); (W.M.); (D.G.M.); Tel.: +1-804-503-1241 (D.K.)
| | - Douglas G. Marthaler
- Indical Inc., 1317 Edgewater Dr #3722, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
- Correspondence: (D.K.); (W.M.); (D.G.M.); Tel.: +1-804-503-1241 (D.K.)
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22
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Antia A, Pinski AN, Ding S. Re-Examining Rotavirus Innate Immune Evasion: Potential Applications of the Reverse Genetics System. mBio 2022; 13:e0130822. [PMID: 35699371 PMCID: PMC9426431 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01308-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotaviruses represent one of the most successful pathogens in the world, with high infectivity and efficient transmission between the young of many animal species, including humans. To overcome host defenses, rotaviruses have evolved a plethora of strategies to effectively evade the innate immune response, establish initial infection in the small intestine, produce progeny, and shed into the environment. Previously, studying the roles and relative contributions of specific rotaviral factors in innate immune evasion had been challenging without a plasmid-only reverse genetics system. Although still in its infancy, current reverse genetics technology will help address important research questions regarding rotavirus innate immune evasion, host range restriction, and viral pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the antiviral host innate immune defense mechanisms, countermeasures of rotavirus-encoded factors, and strategies to better understand these interactions using the rotavirus reverse genetics system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avan Antia
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Amanda N. Pinski
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Siyuan Ding
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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23
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Chen J, Xu W, Li P, Song L, Jiang Y, Hao P, Gao Z, Zou W, Jin N, Li C. Antiviral Effect of pIFNLs against PEDV and VSV Infection in Different Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9661. [PMID: 36077060 PMCID: PMC9455898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type III and type I interferon have similar mechanisms of action, and their different receptors lead to different distributions in tissue. On mucosal surfaces, type III interferon exhibits strong antiviral activity. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an economically important enteropathogenic coronavirus, which can cause a high incidence rate and mortality in piglets. Here, we demonstrate that porcine interferon lambda 1 (pIFNL1) and porcine interferon lambda 3 (pIFNL3) can inhibit the proliferation of vesicular stomatitis virus with an enhanced green fluorescent protein (VSV-EGFP) in different cells, and also show strong antiviral activity when PEDV infects Vero cells. Both forms of pIFNLs were shown to be better than porcine interferon alpha (pIFNα), the antiviral activity of pIFNL1 is lower than that of pIFNL3. Therefore, our results provide experimental evidence for the inhibition of PEDV infection by pIFNLs, which may provide a promising treatment for the prevention and treatment of Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Wang Xu
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Peiheng Li
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Lina Song
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Yuhang Jiang
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Pengfei Hao
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Zihan Gao
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Wancheng Zou
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Chang Li
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
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24
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Type III and Not Type I Interferons Efficiently Prevent the Spread of Rotavirus in Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells. J Virol 2022; 96:e0070622. [PMID: 36000839 PMCID: PMC9472630 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00706-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus infects intestinal epithelial cells and is the leading cause of gastroenteritis in infants worldwide. Upon viral infection, intestinal cells produce type I and type III interferons (IFNs) to alert the tissue and promote an antiviral state. These two types of IFN bind to different receptors but induce similar pathways that stimulate the activation of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) to combat viral infection. In this work, we studied the spread of a fluorescent wild-type (WT) SA11 rotavirus in human colorectal cancer cells lacking specific interferon receptors and compared it to that of an NSP1 mutant rotavirus that cannot interfere with the host intrinsic innate immune response. We could show that the WT rotavirus efficiently blocks the production of type I IFNs but that type III IFNs are still produced, whereas the NSP1 mutant rotavirus allows the production of both. Interestingly, while both exogenously added type I and type III IFNs could efficiently protect cells against rotavirus infection, endogenous type III IFNs were found to be key to limit infection of human intestinal cells by rotavirus. By using a fluorescent reporter cell line to highlight the cells mounting an antiviral program, we could show that paracrine signaling driven by type III IFNs efficiently controls the spread of both WT and NSP1 mutant rotavirus. Our results strongly suggest that NSP1 efficiently blocks the type I IFN-mediated antiviral response; however, its restriction of the type III IFN-mediated one is not sufficient to prevent type III IFNs from partially inhibiting viral spread in intestinal epithelial cells. Additionally, our findings further highlight the importance of type III IFNs in controlling rotavirus infection, which could be exploited as antiviral therapeutic measures. IMPORTANCE Rotavirus is one of the most common causes of gastroenteritis worldwide. In developing countries, rotavirus infections lead to more than 200,000 deaths in infants and children. The intestinal epithelial cells lining the gastrointestinal tract combat rotavirus infection by two key antiviral compounds known as type I and III interferons. However, rotavirus has developed countermeasures to block the antiviral actions of the interferons. In this work, we evaluated the arms race between rotavirus and type I and III interferons. We determined that although rotavirus could block the induction of type I interferons, it was unable to block type III interferons. The ability of infected cells to produce and release type III interferons leads to the protection of the noninfected neighboring cells and the clearance of rotavirus infection from the epithelium. This suggests that type III interferons are key antiviral agents and could be used to help control rotavirus infections in children.
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25
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Zhu Y, Sánchez-Tacuba L, Hou G, Kawagishi T, Feng N, Greenberg HB, Ding S. A recombinant murine-like rotavirus with Nano-Luciferase expression reveals tissue tropism, replication dynamics, and virus transmission. Front Immunol 2022; 13:911024. [PMID: 35967392 PMCID: PMC9372724 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.911024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotaviruses (RVs) are one of the main causes of severe gastroenteritis, diarrhea, and death in children and young animals. While suckling mice prove to be highly useful small animal models of RV infection and pathogenesis, direct visualization tools are lacking to track the temporal dynamics of RV replication and transmissibility in vivo. Here, we report the generation of the first recombinant murine-like RV that encodes a Nano-Luciferase reporter (NLuc) using a newly optimized RV reverse genetics system. The NLuc-expressing RV was replication-competent in cell culture and both infectious and virulent in neonatal mice in vivo. Strong luciferase signals were detected in the proximal and distal small intestines, colon, and mesenteric lymph nodes. We showed, via a noninvasive in vivo imaging system, that RV intestinal replication peaked at days 2 to 5 post infection. Moreover, we successfully tracked RV transmission to uninoculated littermates as early as 3 days post infection, 1 day prior to clinically apparent diarrhea and 3 days prior to detectable fecal RV shedding in the uninoculated littermates. We also observed significantly increased viral replication in Stat1 knockout mice that lack the host interferon signaling. Our results suggest that the NLuc murine-like RV represents a non-lethal powerful tool for the studies of tissue tropism and host and viral factors that regulate RV replication and spread, as well as provides a new tool to facilitate the testing of prophylactic and therapeutic interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxing Zhu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Liliana Sánchez-Tacuba
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Palo Alto Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Gaopeng Hou
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Takahiro Kawagishi
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Palo Alto Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ningguo Feng
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Palo Alto Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Harry B. Greenberg
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Palo Alto Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Siyuan Ding
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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26
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Nolan LS, Baldridge MT. Advances in understanding interferon-mediated immune responses to enteric viruses in intestinal organoids. Front Immunol 2022; 13:943334. [PMID: 35935957 PMCID: PMC9354881 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.943334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFN) are antiviral cytokines with critical roles in regulating pathogens at epithelial barriers, but their capacity to restrict human enteric viruses has been incompletely characterized in part due to challenges in cultivating some viruses in vitro, particularly human norovirus. Accordingly, advancements in the development of antiviral therapies and vaccine strategies for enteric viral infections have been similarly constrained. Currently emerging is the use of human intestinal enteroids (HIEs) to investigate mechanisms of human enteric viral pathogenesis. HIEs provide a unique opportunity to investigate host-virus interactions using an in vitro system that recapitulates the cellular complexity of the in vivo gastrointestinal epithelium. This approach permits the exploration of intestinal epithelial cell interactions with enteric viruses as well as the innate immune responses mediated by IFNs and IFN-stimulated genes. Here, we describe recent findings related to the production, signaling, and function of IFNs in the response to enteric viral infections, which will ultimately help to reveal important aspects of pathogenesis and facilitate the future development of therapeutics and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lila S. Nolan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Megan T. Baldridge
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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27
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Wang GQ, Gu Y, Wang C, Wang F, Hsu ACY. A Game of Infection - Song of Respiratory Viruses and Interferons. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:937460. [PMID: 35846766 PMCID: PMC9277140 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.937460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Humanity has experienced four major pandemics since the twentieth century, with the 1918 Spanish flu, the 2002 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), the 2009 swine flu, and the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemics having the most important impact in human health. The 1918 Spanish flu caused unprecedented catastrophes in the recorded human history, with an estimated death toll between 50 – 100 million. While the 2002 SARS and 2009 swine flu pandemics caused approximately 780 and 280,000 deaths, respectively, the current COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in > 6 million deaths globally at the time of writing. COVID-19, instigated by the SARS – coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), causes unprecedented challenges in all facets of our lives, and never before brought scientists of all fields together to focus on this singular topic. While for the past 50 years research have been heavily focused on viruses themselves, we now understand that the host immune responses are just as important in determining the pathogenesis and outcomes of infection. Research in innate immune mechanisms is crucial in understanding all aspects of host antiviral programmes and the mechanisms underpinning virus-host interactions, which can be translated to the development of effective therapeutic avenues. This review summarizes what is known and what remains to be explored in the innate immune responses to influenza viruses and SARS-CoVs, and virus-host interactions in driving disease pathogenesis. This hopefully will encourage discussions and research on the unanswered questions, new paradigms, and antiviral strategies against these emerging infectious pathogens before the next pandemic occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Qiang Wang
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yinuo Gu
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Alan Chen-Yu Hsu
- Signature Research Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke - National University of Singapore (NUS) Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Viruses, Infections/Immunity, Vaccines and Asthma, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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28
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Mechanisms involved in controlling RNA virus-induced intestinal inflammation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:313. [PMID: 35604464 PMCID: PMC9125963 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04332-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastroenteritis is inflammation of the lining of stomach and intestines and causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Many viruses, especially RNA viruses are the most common cause of enteritis. Innate immunity is the first line of host defense against enteric RNA viruses and virus-induced intestinal inflammation. The first layer of defense against enteric RNA viruses in the intestinal tract is intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), dendritic cells and macrophages under the intestinal epithelium. These innate immune cells express pathogen-recognition receptors (PRRs) for recognizing enteric RNA viruses through sensing viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). As a result of this recognition type I interferon (IFN), type III IFN and inflammasome activation occurs, which function cooperatively to clear infection and reduce viral-induced intestinal inflammation. In this review, we summarize recent findings about mechanisms involved in enteric RNA virus-induced intestinal inflammation. We will provide an overview of the enteric RNA viruses, their RNA sensing mechanisms by host PRRs, and signaling pathways triggered by host PRRs, which shape the intestinal immune response to maintain intestinal homeostasis.
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29
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Muleta KG, Ulmert I, Hamza KH, van Dijl S, Nakawesi J, Lahl K. Rotavirus-Induced Expansion of Antigen-Specific CD8 T Cells Does Not Require Signaling via TLR3, MyD88 or the Type I Interferon Receptor. Front Immunol 2022; 13:814491. [PMID: 35464475 PMCID: PMC9022177 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.814491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) infection induces strong adaptive immunity. While protection from reinfection requires humoral immunity, initial clearance of infection depends on cytotoxic CD8 T cells. Type I classical dendritic cells (cDC1) excel at CD8 T cell induction through cross-presentation and are essential for optimal cytotoxicity towards RV. Upon sensing of infection-induced innate immune signals through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), cumulating in autocrine type I interferon (IFN) signaling, cDC1 mature and migrate to the draining lymph nodes (LNs), where they prime adaptive immune cells. To analyze which PRR pathways lead to robust cytotoxicity in the context of RV infection, we measured RV-specific CD8 T cell priming in mice deficient for Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), recognizing double-stranded RNA, or for MyD88, the adapter for all other TLRs and IL-1 family cytokines. Individual TLR3- and MyD88-mediated signaling was not required for the priming of CD8 T cell responses to RV and neither deficiency impacted on RV clearance. Surprisingly, the accumulation of RV-specific CD8 T cells was also not altered in the absence of type I IFN signaling, while their ability to produce IFNγ and granzyme were blunted. Together, this suggests a substantial level of redundancy in the sensing of RV infection and the translation of signals into protective CD8 T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Ulmert
- Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Institute for Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | - Joy Nakawesi
- Immunology Section, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Katharina Lahl
- Immunology Section, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Institute for Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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30
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Van Winkle JA, Peterson ST, Kennedy EA, Wheadon MJ, Ingle H, Desai C, Rodgers R, Constant DA, Wright AP, Li L, Artyomov MN, Lee S, Baldridge MT, Nice TJ. A homeostatic interferon-lambda response to bacterial microbiota stimulates preemptive antiviral defense within discrete pockets of intestinal epithelium. eLife 2022; 11:74072. [PMID: 35137688 PMCID: PMC8853662 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-lambda (IFN-λ) protects intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) from enteric viruses by inducing expression of antiviral IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Here, we find that bacterial microbiota stimulate a homeostatic ISG signature in the intestine of specific pathogen-free mice. This homeostatic ISG expression is restricted to IECs, depends on IEC-intrinsic expression of IFN-λ receptor (Ifnlr1), and is associated with IFN-λ production by leukocytes. Strikingly, imaging of these homeostatic ISGs reveals localization to pockets of the epithelium and concentration in mature IECs. Correspondingly, a minority of mature IECs express these ISGs in public single-cell RNA sequencing datasets from mice and humans. Furthermore, we assessed the ability of orally administered bacterial components to restore localized ISGs in mice lacking bacterial microbiota. Lastly, we find that IECs lacking Ifnlr1 are hyper-susceptible to initiation of murine rotavirus infection. These observations indicate that bacterial microbiota stimulate ISGs in localized regions of the intestinal epithelium at homeostasis, thereby preemptively activating antiviral defenses in vulnerable IECs to improve host defense against enteric viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Van Winkle
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Stefan T Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Michael J Wheadon
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Harshad Ingle
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Chandni Desai
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Rachel Rodgers
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - David A Constant
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Austin P Wright
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Lena Li
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Megan T Baldridge
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
| | - Timothy J Nice
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
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31
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Fay EJ, Balla KM, Roach SN, Shepherd FK, Putri DS, Wiggen TD, Goldstein SA, Pierson MJ, Ferris MT, Thefaine CE, Tucker A, Salnikov M, Cortez V, Compton SR, Kotenko SV, Hunter RC, Masopust D, Elde NC, Langlois RA. Natural rodent model of viral transmission reveals biological features of virus population dynamics. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20211220. [PMID: 34958350 PMCID: PMC8713297 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging viruses threaten global health, but few experimental models can characterize the virus and host factors necessary for within- and cross-species transmission. Here, we leverage a model whereby pet store mice or rats-which harbor natural rodent pathogens-are cohoused with laboratory mice. This "dirty" mouse model offers a platform for studying acute transmission of viruses between and within hosts via natural mechanisms. We identified numerous viruses and other microbial species that transmit to cohoused mice, including prospective new members of the Coronaviridae, Astroviridae, Picornaviridae, and Narnaviridae families, and uncovered pathogen interactions that promote or prevent virus transmission. We also evaluated transmission dynamics of murine astroviruses during transmission and spread within a new host. Finally, by cohousing our laboratory mice with the bedding of pet store rats, we identified cross-species transmission of a rat astrovirus. Overall, this model system allows for the analysis of transmission of natural rodent viruses and is a platform to further characterize barriers to zoonosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. Fay
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Keir M. Balla
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Shanley N. Roach
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Frances K. Shepherd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Dira S. Putri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Talia D. Wiggen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Mark J. Pierson
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Martin T. Ferris
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Claire E. Thefaine
- Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Andrew Tucker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Mark Salnikov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Valerie Cortez
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
| | - Susan R. Compton
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Sergei V. Kotenko
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Ryan C. Hunter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - David Masopust
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Nels C. Elde
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Ryan A. Langlois
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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Wang A, Tao W, Tong J, Gao J, Wang J, Hou G, Qian C, Zhang G, Li R, Wang D, Ren X, Zhang K, Ding S, Flavell RA, Li H, Pan W, Zhu S. m6A modifications regulate intestinal immunity and rotavirus infection. eLife 2022; 11:73628. [PMID: 35098923 PMCID: PMC8860440 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is an abundant mRNA modification and affects many biological processes. However, how m6A levels are regulated during physiological or pathological processes such as virus infections, and the in vivo function of m6A in the intestinal immune defense against virus infections are largely unknown. Here, we uncover a novel antiviral function of m6A modification during rotavirus (RV) infection in small bowel intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). We found that rotavirus infection induced global m6A modifications on mRNA transcripts by down-regulating the m6a eraser ALKBH5. Mice lacking the m6A writer enzymes METTL3 in IECs (Mettl3ΔIEC) were resistant to RV infection and showed increased expression of interferons (IFNs) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Using RNA-sequencing and m6A RNA immuno-precipitation (RIP)-sequencing, we identified IRF7, a master regulator of IFN responses, as one of the primary m6A targets during virus infection. In the absence of METTL3, IECs showed increased Irf7 mRNA stability and enhanced type I and III IFN expression. Deficiency in IRF7 attenuated the elevated expression of IFNs and ISGs and restored susceptibility to RV infection in Mettl3ΔIEC mice. Moreover, the global m6A modification on mRNA transcripts declined with age in mice, with a significant drop from 2 weeks to 3 weeks post birth, which likely has broad implications for the development of intestinal immune system against enteric viruses early in life. Collectively, we demonstrated a novel host m6A-IRF7-IFN antiviral signaling cascade that restricts rotavirus infection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmin Wang
- Department of Digestive Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wanyiin Tao
- Department of Digestive Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jiyu Tong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juanzi Gao
- Department of Digestive Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jinghao Wang
- Department of Digestive Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Gaopeng Hou
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, United States
| | - Chen Qian
- Department of Digestive Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Guorong Zhang
- Department of Digestive Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Runzhi Li
- Department of Digestive Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Decai Wang
- Department of Digestive Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xingxing Ren
- Department of Digestive Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Kaiguang Zhang
- Department of Digestive Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Siyuan Ding
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, United States
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, United States
| | - Huabing Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Pan
- Department of Digestive Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shu Zhu
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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33
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Wang Y, Jiang S, Jiang X, Sun X, Guan X, Han Y, Zhong L, Song H, Xu Y. Cloning and codon optimization of a novel feline interferon omega gene for production by Pichia pastoris and its antiviral efficacy in polyethylene glycol-modified form. Virulence 2022; 13:297-309. [PMID: 35068319 PMCID: PMC8788361 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2029330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline viral diseases, such as feline panleukopenia, feline infectious peritonitis, and feline coronaviral enteritis, seriously endanger the health of cats, and restrict the development of pet industry. Meanwhile, there is a current lack of effective vaccines to protect against feline viral diseases. Thus, effective therapeutic agents are highly desirable. Interferons (IFNs) are important mediators of the antiviral host defense in animals, particularly type I IFNs. In this study, a novel feline IFN omega (feIFN-ω) gene was extracted from the cat stimulated with feline parvovirus (FPV) combined with poly(I:C), and following codon optimization encoding the feIFN-ω, the desired gene (feIFN-ω’) fragment was inserted into plasmid pPICZαA, and transformed into Pichia pastoris GS115, generating a recombinant P. pastoris GS115 strain expressing the feIFN-ω’. After induction, we found that the expression level of the feIFN-ω’ was two times more than that of feIFN-ω (p < 0.01). Subsequently, the feIFN-ω’ was purified and modified with polyethylene glycol, and its antiviral efficacy was evaluated in vitro and in vivo, using vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and FPV as model virus. Our results clearly demonstrated that the feIFN-ω’ had significant antiviral activities on both homologous and heterologous animal cells in vitro. Importantly, the feIFN-ω’ can effectively promote the expression of antiviral proteins IFIT3, ISG15, Mx1, and ISG56, and further enhance host defense to eliminate FPV infection in vivo, suggesting a potential candidate for the development of therapeutic agent against feline viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-eco-healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science & Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&f University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-eco-healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science & Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&f University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-eco-healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science & Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&f University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-eco-healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science & Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&f University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xueting Guan
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Han
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-eco-healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science & Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&f University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Linhan Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-eco-healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science & Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&f University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Houhui Song
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-eco-healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science & Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&f University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science & Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&f University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, College of Animal Science & Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&f University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yigang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-eco-healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science & Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&f University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science & Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&f University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, College of Animal Science & Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&f University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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Amimo JO, Raev SA, Chepngeno J, Mainga AO, Guo Y, Saif L, Vlasova AN. Rotavirus Interactions With Host Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:793841. [PMID: 35003114 PMCID: PMC8727603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.793841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) is the foremost enteric pathogen associated with severe diarrheal illness in young children (<5years) and animals worldwide. RV primarily infects mature enterocytes in the intestinal epithelium causing villus atrophy, enhanced epithelial cell turnover and apoptosis. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) being the first physical barrier against RV infection employs a range of innate immune strategies to counteract RVs invasion, including mucus production, toll-like receptor signaling and cytokine/chemokine production. Conversely, RVs have evolved numerous mechanisms to escape/subvert host immunity, seizing translation machinery of the host for effective replication and transmission. RV cell entry process involve penetration through the outer mucus layer, interaction with cell surface molecules and intestinal microbiota before reaching the IECs. For successful cell attachment and entry, RVs use sialic acid, histo-blood group antigens, heat shock cognate protein 70 and cell-surface integrins as attachment factors and/or (co)-receptors. In this review, a comprehensive summary of the existing knowledge of mechanisms underlying RV-IECs interactions, including the role of gut microbiota, during RV infection is presented. Understanding these mechanisms is imperative for developing efficacious strategies to control RV infections, including development of antiviral therapies and vaccines that target specific immune system antagonists within IECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Oluoch Amimo
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sergei Alekseevich Raev
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Juliet Chepngeno
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Alfred Omwando Mainga
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Yusheng Guo
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Linda Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Anastasia N. Vlasova
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
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35
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Abstract
Rotavirus (RV)-encoded nonstructural protein 1 (NSP1), the product of gene segment 5, effectively antagonizes host interferon (IFN) signaling via multiple mechanisms. Recent studies with the newly established RV reverse genetics system indicate that NSP1 is not essential for the replication of the simian RV SA11 strain in cell culture. However, the role of NSP1 in RV infection in vivo remains poorly characterized due to the limited replication of heterologous simian RVs in the suckling mouse model. Here, we used an optimized reverse genetics system and successfully recovered recombinant murine RVs with or without NSP1 expression. While the NSP1-null virus replicated comparably with the parental murine RV in IFN-deficient and IFN-competent cell lines in vitro, it was highly attenuated in 5-day-old wild-type suckling pups in both the 129sv and C57BL/6 backgrounds. In the absence of NSP1 expression, murine RV had significantly reduced replication in the ileum, systemic spread to mesenteric lymph nodes, fecal shedding, diarrhea occurrence, and transmission to uninoculated littermates. The defective replication of the NSP1-null RV in small intestinal tissues occurred as early as 1 day postinfection. Of interest, the replication and pathogenesis defects of NSP1-null RV were only minimally rescued in Stat1 knockout pups, suggesting that NSP1 facilitates RV replication in an IFN-independent manner. Our findings highlight a pivotal function of NSP1 during homologous RV infections in vivo and identify NSP1 as an ideal viral protein for targeted attenuation for future vaccine development.
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36
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Krammer S, Sicorschi Gutu C, Grund JC, Chiriac MT, Zirlik S, Finotto S. Regulation and Function of Interferon-Lambda (IFNλ) and Its Receptor in Asthma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:731807. [PMID: 34899691 PMCID: PMC8660125 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.731807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease affecting people of all ages, especially children, worldwide. Origins of asthma are suggested to be placed in early life with heterogeneous clinical presentation, severity and pathophysiology. Exacerbations of asthma disease can be triggered by many factors, including viral respiratory tract infections. Rhinovirus (RV) induced respiratory infections are the predominant cause of the common cold and also play a crucial role in asthma development and exacerbations. Rhinovirus mainly replicates in epithelial cells lining the upper and lower respiratory tract. Type III interferons, also known as interferon-lambda (IFNλ), are potent immune mediators of resolution of infectious diseases but they are known to be involved in autoimmune diseases as well. The protective role of type III IFNs in antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal and antiprotozoal functions is of major importance for our innate immune system. The IFNλ receptor (IFNλR) is expressed in selected types of cells like epithelial cells, thus orchestrating a specific immune response at the site of viruses and bacteria entry into the body. In asthma, IFNλ restricts the development of TH2 cells, which are induced in the airways of asthmatic patients. Several studies described type III IFNs as the predominant type of interferon increased after infection caused by respiratory viruses. It efficiently reduces viral replication, viral spread into the lungs and viral transmission from infected to naive individuals. Several reports showed that bronchial epithelial cells from asthmatic subjects have a deficient response of type III interferon after RV infection ex vivo. Toll like Receptors (TLRs) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) expressed on infectious agents, and induce the development of antiviral and antibacterial immunity. We recently discovered that activation of TLR7/8 resulted in enhanced IFNλ receptor mRNA expression in PBMCs of healthy and asthmatic children, opening new therapeutic frontiers for rhinovirus-induced asthma. This article reviews the recent advances of the literature on the regulated expression of type III Interferons and their receptor in association with rhinovirus infection in asthmatic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Krammer
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cristina Sicorschi Gutu
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Janina C Grund
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mircea T Chiriac
- Medical Clinic 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Zirlik
- Medical Clinic 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susetta Finotto
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Medical Clinic 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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37
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Elean M, Albarracin L, Fukuyama K, Zhou B, Tomokiyo M, Kitahara S, Araki S, Suda Y, Saavedra L, Villena J, Hebert EM, Kitazawa H. Lactobacillus delbrueckii CRL 581 Differentially Modulates TLR3-Triggered Antiviral Innate Immune Response in Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Macrophages. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122449. [PMID: 34946051 PMCID: PMC8704909 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis CRL 581 beneficially modulates the intestinal antiviral innate immune response triggered by the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) agonist poly(I:C) in vivo. This study aimed to characterize further the immunomodulatory properties of the technologically relevant starter culture L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis CRL 581 by evaluating its interaction with intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages in the context of innate immune responses triggered by TLR3. Our results showed that the CRL 581 strain was able to adhere to porcine intestinal epithelial (PIE) cells and mucins. The CRL 581 strain also augmented the expression of antiviral factors (IFN-α, IFN-β, Mx1, OAS1, and OAS2) and reduced inflammatory cytokines in PIE cells triggered by TLR3 stimulation. In addition, the influence of L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis CRL 581 on the response of murine RAW macrophages to the activation of TLR3 was evaluated. The CRL 581 strain was capable of enhancing the expression of IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, Mx1, OAS1, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Of note, the CRL 581 strain also augmented the expression of IL-10 in macrophages. The results of this study show that the high proteolytic strain L. delbrueckii spp. lactis CRL 581 was able to beneficially modulate the intestinal innate antiviral immune response by regulating the response of both epithelial cells and macrophages relative to TLR3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Elean
- Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman 4000, Argentina; (M.E.); (L.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Leonardo Albarracin
- Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman 4000, Argentina; (M.E.); (L.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Kohtaro Fukuyama
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (K.F.); (B.Z.); (M.T.); (S.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Binghui Zhou
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (K.F.); (B.Z.); (M.T.); (S.K.); (S.A.)
- International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Livestock Immunology Unit, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Mikado Tomokiyo
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (K.F.); (B.Z.); (M.T.); (S.K.); (S.A.)
- International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Livestock Immunology Unit, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Shugo Kitahara
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (K.F.); (B.Z.); (M.T.); (S.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Shota Araki
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (K.F.); (B.Z.); (M.T.); (S.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Yoshihito Suda
- Department of Food, Agriculture and Environment, Miyagi University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan;
| | - Lucila Saavedra
- Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman 4000, Argentina; (M.E.); (L.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Julio Villena
- Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman 4000, Argentina; (M.E.); (L.A.); (L.S.)
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (K.F.); (B.Z.); (M.T.); (S.K.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: (J.V.); (E.M.H.); (H.K.)
| | - Elvira M. Hebert
- Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman 4000, Argentina; (M.E.); (L.A.); (L.S.)
- Correspondence: (J.V.); (E.M.H.); (H.K.)
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (K.F.); (B.Z.); (M.T.); (S.K.); (S.A.)
- International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Livestock Immunology Unit, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Correspondence: (J.V.); (E.M.H.); (H.K.)
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38
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Lee S, Kalugotla G, Ingle H, Rodgers R, Wu C, Wang Y, Li Y, Yang X, Zhang J, Borella NR, Deng H, Droit L, Hill R, Peterson ST, Desai C, Lawrence D, Lu Q, Baldridge MT. Intestinal antiviral signaling is controlled by autophagy gene Epg5 independent of the microbiota. Autophagy 2021; 18:1062-1077. [PMID: 34520306 PMCID: PMC9196718 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1968607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the macroautophagy/autophagy gene EPG5 are responsible for Vici syndrome, a human genetic disease characterized by combined immunodeficiency. Previously, we found that epg5-/- mice exhibit hyperinflammation in the lungs mediated by IL1B/IL-1β and TNF/TNFα, resulting in resistance to influenza. Here, we find that disruption of Epg5 results in protection against multiple enteric viruses including norovirus and rotavirus. Gene expression analysis reveals IFNL/IFN-λ responsive genes as a key alteration. Further, mice lacking Epg5 exhibit substantial alterations of the intestinal microbiota. Surprisingly, germ-free mouse studies indicate Epg5-associated inflammation of both the intestine and lung is microbiota-independent. Genetic studies support IFNL signaling as the primary mediator of resistance to enteric viruses, but not of microbial dysbiosis, in epg5-/- mice. This study unveils an important role, unexpectedly independent of the microbiota, for autophagy gene Epg5 in host organism protection by modulating intestinal IFNL responses.Abbreviations: CTNNB1: catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; EPG5: ectopic P-granules autophagy protein 5 homolog (C. elegans); FT: fecal transplant; IFI44: interferon-induced protein 44; IFIT1: interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1; IFNG/IFN-γ: interferon gamma; IFNL/IFN-λ: interferon lambda; IFNLR1: interferon lambda receptor 1; IL1B/IL-1β: interleukin 1 beta; ISG: interferon stimulated gene; GF: germ-free; LEfSe: linear discriminant analysis effect size; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MNoV: murine norovirus; MX2: MX dynamin-like GTPase 2; OAS1A: 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase 1A; RV: rotavirus; SPF: specific-pathogen free; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; STAT1: signal transducer and activator of transcription 1; STING1: stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1; TBK1: TANK-binding kinase 1; TNF/TNFα: tumor necrosis factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyun Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gowri Kalugotla
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Harshad Ingle
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachel Rodgers
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yating Wang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yuhao Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xia Yang
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Nicolette R Borella
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hongju Deng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lindsay Droit
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan Hill
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stefan T Peterson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chandni Desai
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dylan Lawrence
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Qun Lu
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Megan T Baldridge
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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39
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Henden AS, Koyama M, Robb RJ, Forero A, Kuns RD, Chang K, Ensbey KS, Varelias A, Kazakoff SH, Waddell N, Clouston AD, Giri R, Begun J, Blazar BR, Degli-Esposti MA, Kotenko SV, Lane SW, Bowerman KL, Savan R, Hugenholtz P, Gartlan KH, Hill GR. IFN-λ therapy prevents severe gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease. Blood 2021; 138:722-737. [PMID: 34436524 PMCID: PMC8667051 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020006375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunopathology and intestinal stem cell (ISC) loss in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the prima facie manifestation of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and is responsible for significant mortality after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Approaches to prevent GVHD to date focus on immune suppression. Here, we identify interferon-λ (IFN-λ; interleukin-28 [IL-28]/IL-29) as a key protector of GI GVHD immunopathology, notably within the ISC compartment. Ifnlr1-/- mice displayed exaggerated GI GVHD and mortality independent of Paneth cells and alterations to the microbiome. Ifnlr1-/- intestinal organoid growth was significantly impaired, and targeted Ifnlr1 deficiency exhibited effects intrinsic to recipient Lgr5+ ISCs and natural killer cells. PEGylated recombinant IL-29 (PEG-rIL-29) treatment of naive mice enhanced Lgr5+ ISC numbers and organoid growth independent of both IL-22 and type I IFN and modulated proliferative and apoptosis gene sets in Lgr5+ ISCs. PEG-rIL-29 treatment improved survival, reduced GVHD severity, and enhanced epithelial proliferation and ISC-derived organoid growth after BMT. The preservation of ISC numbers in response to PEG-rIL-29 after BMT occurred both in the presence and absence of IFN-λ-signaling in recipient natural killer cells. IFN-λ is therefore an attractive and rapidly testable approach to prevent ISC loss and immunopathology during GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S Henden
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Motoko Koyama
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Renee J Robb
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Adriana Forero
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Rachel D Kuns
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Karshing Chang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kathleen S Ensbey
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Antiopi Varelias
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephen H Kazakoff
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicole Waddell
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Rabina Giri
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland-Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jakob Begun
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland-Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Mariapia A Degli-Esposti
- Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Sergei V Kotenko
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, and
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences (RBHS), Newark, NJ
| | - Steven W Lane
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kate L Bowerman
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; and
| | - Ram Savan
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Philip Hugenholtz
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; and
| | - Kate H Gartlan
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Geoffrey R Hill
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Division of Medical Oncology, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Schnepf D, Hernandez P, Mahlakõiv T, Crotta S, Sullender ME, Peterson ST, Ohnemus A, Michiels C, Gentle I, Dumoutier L, Reis CA, Diefenbach A, Wack A, Baldridge MT, Staeheli P. Rotavirus susceptibility of antibiotic-treated mice ascribed to diminished expression of interleukin-22. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247738. [PMID: 34383769 PMCID: PMC8360596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The commensal microbiota regulates susceptibility to enteric pathogens by fine-tuning mucosal innate immune responses, but how susceptibility to enteric viruses is shaped by the microbiota remains incompletely understood. Past reports have indicated that commensal bacteria may either promote or repress rotavirus replication in the small intestine of mice. We now report that rotavirus replicated more efficiently in the intestines of germ-free and antibiotic-treated mice compared to animals with an unmodified microbiota. Antibiotic treatment also facilitated rotavirus replication in type I and type III interferon (IFN) receptor-deficient mice, revealing IFN-independent proviral effects. Expression of interleukin-22 (IL-22) was strongly diminished in the intestine of antibiotic-treated mice. Treatment with exogenous IL-22 blocked rotavirus replication in microbiota-depleted wild-type and Stat1-/- mice, demonstrating that the antiviral effect of IL-22 in animals with altered microbiome is not dependent on IFN signaling. In antibiotic-treated animals, IL-22-induced a specific set of genes including Fut2, encoding fucosyl-transferase 2 that participates in the biosynthesis of fucosylated glycans which can mediate rotavirus binding. Interestingly, IL-22 also blocked rotavirus replication in antibiotic-treated Fut2-/- mice. Furthermore, IL-22 inhibited rotavirus replication in antibiotic-treated mice lacking key molecules of the necroptosis or pyroptosis pathways of programmed cell death. Taken together, our results demonstrate that IL-22 determines rotavirus susceptibility of antibiotic-treated mice, yet the IL-22-induced effector molecules conferring rotavirus resistance remain elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schnepf
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pedro Hernandez
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, Development and Homeostasis of Mucosal Tissues Group, Paris, France
| | - Tanel Mahlakõiv
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefania Crotta
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Meagan E. Sullender
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Stefan T. Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Annette Ohnemus
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Camille Michiels
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ian Gentle
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laure Dumoutier
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Celso A. Reis
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreas Diefenbach
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, an Institute of the Leibniz Gemeinschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Wack
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Megan T. Baldridge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Peter Staeheli
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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41
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Dallari S, Heaney T, Rosas-Villegas A, Neil JA, Wong SY, Brown JJ, Urbanek K, Herrmann C, Depledge DP, Dermody TS, Cadwell K. Enteric viruses evoke broad host immune responses resembling those elicited by the bacterial microbiome. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:1014-1029.e8. [PMID: 33894129 PMCID: PMC8192460 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The contributions of the viral component of the microbiome-the virome-to the development of innate and adaptive immunity are largely unknown. Here, we systematically defined the host response in mice to a panel of eukaryotic enteric viruses representing six different families. Infections with most of these viruses were asymptomatic in the mice, the magnitude and duration of which was dependent on the microbiota. Flow cytometric and transcriptional profiling of mice mono-associated with these viruses unveiled general adaptations by the host, such as lymphocyte differentiation and IL-22 signatures in the intestine, as well as numerous viral-strain-specific responses that persisted. Comparison with a dataset derived from analogous bacterial mono-association in mice identified bacterial species that evoke an immune response comparable with the viruses we examined. These results expand an understanding of the immune space occupied by the enteric virome and underscore the importance of viral exposure events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Dallari
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Heaney
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adriana Rosas-Villegas
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jessica A Neil
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Serre-Yu Wong
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Susan and Leonard Feinstein Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Judy J Brown
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biology, Trevecca Nazarene University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kelly Urbanek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christin Herrmann
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel P Depledge
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Terence S Dermody
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
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42
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Indo Y, Kitahara S, Tomokiyo M, Araki S, Islam MA, Zhou B, Albarracin L, Miyazaki A, Ikeda-Ohtsubo W, Nochi T, Takenouchi T, Uenishi H, Aso H, Takahashi H, Kurata S, Villena J, Kitazawa H. Ligilactobacillus salivarius Strains Isolated From the Porcine Gut Modulate Innate Immune Responses in Epithelial Cells and Improve Protection Against Intestinal Viral-Bacterial Superinfection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:652923. [PMID: 34163470 PMCID: PMC8215365 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.652923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we constructed a library of Ligilactobacillus salivarius strains from the intestine of wakame-fed pigs and reported a strain-dependent capacity to modulate IFN-β expression in porcine intestinal epithelial (PIE) cells. In this work, we further characterized the immunomodulatory activities of L. salivarius strains from wakame-fed pigs by evaluating their ability to modulate TLR3- and TLR4-mediated innate immune responses in PIE cells. Two strains with a remarkable immunomodulatory potential were selected: L. salivarius FFIG35 and FFIG58. Both strains improved IFN-β, IFN-λ and antiviral factors expression in PIE cells after TLR3 activation, which correlated with an enhanced resistance to rotavirus infection. Moreover, a model of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)/rotavirus superinfection in PIE cells was developed. Cells were more susceptible to rotavirus infection when the challenge occurred in conjunction with ETEC compared to the virus alone. However, L. salivarius FFIG35 and FFIG58 maintained their ability to enhance IFN-β, IFN-λ and antiviral factors expression in PIE cells, and to reduce rotavirus replication in the context of superinfection. We also demonstrated that FFIG35 and FFIG58 strains regulated the immune response of PIE cells to rotavirus challenge or ETEC/rotavirus superinfection through the modulation of negative regulators of the TLR signaling pathway. In vivo studies performed in mice models confirmed the ability of L. salivarius FFIG58 to beneficially modulate the innate immune response and protect against ETEC infection. The results of this work contribute to the understanding of beneficial lactobacilli interactions with epithelial cells and allow us to hypothesize that the FFIG35 or FFIG58 strains could be used for the development of highly efficient functional feed to improve immune health status and reduce the severity of intestinal infections and superinfections in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhki Indo
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shugo Kitahara
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mikado Tomokiyo
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shota Araki
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Md. Aminul Islam
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Binghui Zhou
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Leonardo Albarracin
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Scientific Computing Laboratory, Computer Science Department, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, National University of Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli, (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Ayako Miyazaki
- Viral Diseases and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Wakako Ikeda-Ohtsubo
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomonori Nochi
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Laboratory of Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takato Takenouchi
- Animal Bioregulation Unit, Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hirohide Uenishi
- Animal Bioregulation Unit, Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hisashi Aso
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Health Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Plant Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Kurata
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Julio Villena
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli, (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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43
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Goel RR, Kotenko SV, Kaplan MJ. Interferon lambda in inflammation and autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:349-362. [PMID: 33907323 PMCID: PMC8077192 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00606-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Interferons are potent antiviral cytokines that modulate immunity in response to infection or other danger signals. In addition to their antiviral functions, type I interferons (IFNα and IFNβ) are important in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Type III interferons (IFNλs) were initially described as a specialized system that inhibits viral replication at epithelial barrier surfaces while limiting inflammatory damage. However, evidence now suggests that type III interferons have complex effects on both innate and adaptive immune responses and might also be pathogenic in systemic autoimmune diseases. Concentrations of IFNλs are increased in blood and tissues in a number of autoimmune rheumatic diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, and are further associated with specific clinical and laboratory parameters. This Review is aimed at providing a critical evaluation of the current literature on IFNλ biology and how type III interferons might contribute to immune dysregulation and tissue damage in autoimmunity. The potential effects of type III interferons on treatment strategies for autoimmune rheumatic diseases, such as interferon blockade, are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi R Goel
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Sergei V Kotenko
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Center for Cell Signaling, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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44
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Klooster JPT, Bol-Schoenmakers M, van Summeren K, van Vliet ALW, de Haan CAM, van Kuppeveld FJM, Verkoeijen S, Pieters R. Enterocytes, fibroblasts and myeloid cells synergize in anti-bacterial and anti-viral pathways with IL22 as the central cytokine. Commun Biol 2021; 4:631. [PMID: 34045640 PMCID: PMC8160143 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02176-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
IL22 is an important cytokine involved in the intestinal defense mechanisms against microbiome. By using ileum-derived organoids, we show that the expression of anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) and anti-viral peptides (AVPs) can be induced by IL22. In addition, we identified a bacterial and a viral route, both leading to IL22 production by T cells, but via different pathways. Bacterial products, such as LPS, induce enterocyte-secreted SAA1, which triggers the secretion of IL6 in fibroblasts, and subsequently IL22 in T cells. This IL22 induction can then be enhanced by macrophage-derived TNFα in two ways: by enhancing the responsiveness of T cells to IL6 and by increasing the expression of IL6 by fibroblasts. Viral infections of intestinal cells induce IFNβ1 and subsequently IL7. IFNβ1 can induce the expression of IL6 in fibroblasts and the combined activity of IL6 and IL7 can then induce IL22 expression in T cells. We also show that IL22 reduces the expression of viral entry receptors (e.g. ACE2, TMPRSS2, DPP4, CD46 and TNFRSF14), increases the expression of anti-viral proteins (e.g. RSAD2, AOS, ISG20 and Mx1) and, consequently, reduces the viral infection of neighboring cells. Overall, our data indicates that IL22 contributes to the innate responses against both bacteria and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Paul Ten Klooster
- Research Centre Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Marianne Bol-Schoenmakers
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Population Health Sciences Division, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kitty van Summeren
- Research Centre Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arno L W van Vliet
- Virology Section, Infectious Disease and Immunology Division, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M de Haan
- Virology Section, Infectious Disease and Immunology Division, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J M van Kuppeveld
- Virology Section, Infectious Disease and Immunology Division, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saertje Verkoeijen
- Research Centre Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond Pieters
- Research Centre Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Population Health Sciences Division, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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45
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Aggarwal S, Hassan E, Baldridge MT. Experimental Methods to Study the Pathogenesis of Human Enteric RNA Viruses. Viruses 2021; 13:975. [PMID: 34070283 PMCID: PMC8225081 DOI: 10.3390/v13060975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Every year, millions of children are infected with viruses that target the gastrointestinal tract, causing acute gastroenteritis and diarrheal illness. Indeed, approximately 700 million episodes of diarrhea occur in children under five annually, with RNA viruses norovirus, rotavirus, and astrovirus serving as major causative pathogens. Numerous methodological advancements in recent years, including the establishment of novel cultivation systems using enteroids as well as the development of murine and other animal models of infection, have helped provide insight into many features of viral pathogenesis. However, many aspects of enteric viral infections remain elusive, demanding further study. Here, we describe the different in vitro and in vivo tools available to explore different pathophysiological attributes of human enteric RNA viruses, highlighting their advantages and limitations depending upon the question being explored. In addition, we discuss key areas and opportunities that would benefit from further methodological progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somya Aggarwal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (S.A.); (E.H.)
| | - Ebrahim Hassan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (S.A.); (E.H.)
| | - Megan T. Baldridge
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (S.A.); (E.H.)
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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46
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McElrath C, Espinosa V, Lin JD, Peng J, Sridhar R, Dutta O, Tseng HC, Smirnov SV, Risman H, Sandoval MJ, Davra V, Chang YJ, Pollack BP, Birge RB, Galan M, Rivera A, Durbin JE, Kotenko SV. Critical role of interferons in gastrointestinal injury repair. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2624. [PMID: 33976143 PMCID: PMC8113246 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22928-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of ulcerative colitis is poorly understood and is likely to involve perturbation of the complex interactions between the mucosal immune system and the commensal bacteria of the gut, with cytokines acting as important cross-regulators. Here we use IFN receptor-deficient mice in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) model of acute intestinal injury to study the contributions of type I and III interferons (IFN) to the initiation, progression and resolution of acute colitis. We find that mice lacking both types of IFN receptors exhibit enhanced barrier destruction, extensive loss of goblet cells and diminished proliferation of epithelial cells in the colon following DSS-induced damage. Impaired mucosal healing in double IFN receptor-deficient mice is driven by decreased amphiregulin expression, which IFN signaling can up-regulate in either the epithelial or hematopoietic compartment. Together, these data underscore the pleiotropic functions of IFNs and demonstrate that these critical antiviral cytokines also support epithelial regeneration following acute colonic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance McElrath
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Vanessa Espinosa
- Pediatrics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jian-Da Lin
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jianya Peng
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Raghavendra Sridhar
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Orchi Dutta
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Pediatrics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Hsiang-Chi Tseng
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Sergey V Smirnov
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Heidi Risman
- Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Marvin J Sandoval
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Viralkumar Davra
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Yun-Juan Chang
- Office of Advance Research Computing, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Brian P Pollack
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Raymond B Birge
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Center for Cell Signaling, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Mark Galan
- Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Amariliz Rivera
- Pediatrics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Joan E Durbin
- Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Sergei V Kotenko
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
- Center for Cell Signaling, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
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47
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Li Y, Handley SA, Baldridge MT. The dark side of the gut: Virome-host interactions in intestinal homeostasis and disease. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20201044. [PMID: 33760921 PMCID: PMC8006857 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The diverse enteric viral communities that infect microbes and the animal host collectively constitute the gut virome. Although recent advances in sequencing and analysis of metaviromes have revealed the complexity of the virome and facilitated discovery of new viruses, our understanding of the enteric virome is still incomplete. Recent studies have uncovered how virome-host interactions can contribute to beneficial or detrimental outcomes for the host. Understanding the complex interactions between enteric viruses and the intestinal immune system is a prerequisite for elucidating their role in intestinal diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the enteric virome composition and summarize recent findings about how enteric viruses are sensed by and, in turn, modulate host immune responses during homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Scott A. Handley
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Megan T. Baldridge
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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48
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Stegelmeier AA, Darzianiazizi M, Hanada K, Sharif S, Wootton SK, Bridle BW, Karimi K. Type I Interferon-Mediated Regulation of Antiviral Capabilities of Neutrophils. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4726. [PMID: 33946935 PMCID: PMC8125486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are induced by viruses and are the main regulators of the host antiviral response. They balance tissue tolerance and immune resistance against viral challenges. Like all cells in the human body, neutrophils possess the receptors for IFNs and contribute to antiviral host defense. To combat viruses, neutrophils utilize various mechanisms, such as viral sensing, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, and antigen presentation. These mechanisms have also been linked to tissue damage during viral infection and inflammation. In this review, we presented evidence that a complex cross-regulatory talk between IFNs and neutrophils initiates appropriate antiviral immune responses and regulates them to minimize tissue damage. We also explored recent exciting research elucidating the interactions between IFNs, neutrophils, and severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2, as an example of neutrophil and IFN cross-regulatory talk. Dissecting the IFN-neutrophil paradigm is needed for well-balanced antiviral therapeutics and development of novel treatments against many major epidemic or pandemic viral infections, including the ongoing pandemic of the coronavirus disease that emerged in 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Byram W. Bridle
- Correspondence: (B.W.B.); (K.K.); Tel.: +1-(519)-824-4120 (ext. 54657) (B.W.B.); +1-(519)-824-4120 (ext. 54668) (K.K.)
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Correspondence: (B.W.B.); (K.K.); Tel.: +1-(519)-824-4120 (ext. 54657) (B.W.B.); +1-(519)-824-4120 (ext. 54668) (K.K.)
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49
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Feng E, Balint E, Poznanski SM, Ashkar AA, Loeb M. Aging and Interferons: Impacts on Inflammation and Viral Disease Outcomes. Cells 2021; 10:708. [PMID: 33806810 PMCID: PMC8004738 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As highlighted by the COVID-19 global pandemic, elderly individuals comprise the majority of cases of severe viral infection outcomes and death. A combined inability to control viral replication and exacerbated inflammatory immune activation in elderly patients causes irreparable immune-mediated tissue pathology in response to infection. Key to these responses are type I, II, and III interferons (IFNs), which are involved in inducing an antiviral response, as well as controlling and suppressing inflammation and immunopathology. IFNs support monocyte/macrophage-stimulated immune responses that clear infection and promote their immunosuppressive functions that prevent excess inflammation and immune-mediated pathology. The timing and magnitude of IFN responses to infection are critical towards their immunoregulatory functions and ability to prevent immunopathology. Aging is associated with multiple defects in the ability of macrophages and dendritic cells to produce IFNs in response to viral infection, leading to a dysregulation of inflammatory immune responses. Understanding the implications of aging on IFN-regulated inflammation will give critical insights on how to treat and prevent severe infection in vulnerable individuals. In this review, we describe the causes of impaired IFN production in aging, and the evidence to suggest that these impairments impact the regulation of the innate and adaptive immune response to infection, thereby causing disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ali A. Ashkar
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (E.F.); (E.B.); (S.M.P.); (M.L.)
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50
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Abstract
The lumen of the gastrointestinal tract harbors a diverse community of microbes, fungi, archaea, and viruses. In addition to occupying the same enteric niche, recent evidence suggests that microbes and viruses can act synergistically and, in some cases, promote disease. In this review, we focus on the disease-promoting interactions of the gut microbiota and rotavirus, norovirus, poliovirus, reovirus, and astrovirus. Microbes and microbial compounds can directly interact with viruses, promote viral fitness, alter the glycan structure of viral adhesion sites, and influence the immune system, among other mechanisms. These interactions can directly and indirectly affect viral infection. By focusing on microbe–virus interplay, we hope to identify potential strategies for targeting offending microbes and minimizing viral infection.
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