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Huang J, Kong Y, Xie C, Zhou L. Stem/progenitor cell in kidney: characteristics, homing, coordination, and maintenance. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:197. [PMID: 33743826 PMCID: PMC7981824 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02266-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal failure has a high prevalence and is becoming a public health problem worldwide. However, the renal replacement therapies such as dialysis are not yet satisfactory for its multiple complications. While stem/progenitor cell-mediated tissue repair and regenerative medicine show there is light at the end of tunnel. Hence, a better understanding of the characteristics of stem/progenitor cells in kidney and their homing capacity would greatly promote the development of stem cell research and therapy in the kidney field and open a new route to explore new strategies of kidney protection. In this review, we generally summarize the main stem/progenitor cells derived from kidney in situ or originating from the circulation, especially bone marrow. We also elaborate on the kidney-specific microenvironment that allows stem/progenitor cell growth and chemotaxis, and comment on their interaction. Finally, we highlight potential strategies for improving the therapeutic effects of stem/progenitor cell-based therapy. Our review provides important clues to better understand and control the growth of stem cells in kidneys and develop new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yaozhong Kong
- Department of Nephrology, the First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Chao Xie
- Department of Nephrology, the First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China.
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He LX, Abdolmaleky HM, Yin S, Wang Y, Zhou JR. Dietary Fermented Soy Extract and Oligo-Lactic Acid Alleviate Chronic Kidney Disease in Mice via Inhibition of Inflammation and Modulation of Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2376. [PMID: 32784477 PMCID: PMC7468970 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global epidemic with an increasing prevalence worldwide. Effective preventive strategies are urgently needed. This study aimed to investigate the effect of nutraceutical components, a fermented soybean product (ImmuBalance, IMB) and an oligo-lactic acid product (LAP), on the prevention of adenine-induced CKD in mice. Female C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into following experimental groups: negative control; model control; and models treated with IMB at 250 or 1000 mg/kg body weight (BW), LAP at 1000 or 2000 mg/kg BW, and IMB/LAP combinations. The CKD model was established by intraperitoneal injection of adenine daily for 4 weeks, and treatments started 2 weeks before adenine injection and ended after 10 weeks. Compared with the model control, the treatments did not significantly alter the body weight or food intake. Both IMB and LAP, especially their combination, significantly inhibited tubular dilation, tubulointerstitial degeneration or atrophy, interstitial chronic inflammation and acute inflammation in the kidneys of CKD mice, and significantly decreased serum cystatin C levels. IMB or LAP significantly reversed CKD-associated increases of circulating and kidney levels of inflammatory cytokines, circulating levels of kidney injury biomarkers, and kidney levels of stem cell biomarkers, and significantly reversed CKD-associated reduction of cecum Clostridium leptum group. Our results suggest that dietary supplementation of IMB or LAP may significantly delay the development and/or progression of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xia He
- Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.-X.H.); (H.M.A.); (S.Y.)
- Feihe Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hamid M. Abdolmaleky
- Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.-X.H.); (H.M.A.); (S.Y.)
| | - Sheng Yin
- Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.-X.H.); (H.M.A.); (S.Y.)
| | - Yihong Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
| | - Jin-Rong Zhou
- Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.-X.H.); (H.M.A.); (S.Y.)
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Andrianova NV, Buyan MI, Zorova LD, Pevzner IB, Popkov VA, Babenko VA, Silachev DN, Plotnikov EY, Zorov DB. Kidney Cells Regeneration: Dedifferentiation of Tubular Epithelium, Resident Stem Cells and Possible Niches for Renal Progenitors. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246326. [PMID: 31847447 PMCID: PMC6941132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A kidney is an organ with relatively low basal cellular regenerative potential. However, renal cells have a pronounced ability to proliferate after injury, which undermines that the kidney cells are able to regenerate under induced conditions. The majority of studies explain yielded regeneration either by the dedifferentiation of the mature tubular epithelium or by the presence of a resident pool of progenitor cells in the kidney tissue. Whether cells responsible for the regeneration of the kidney initially have progenitor properties or if they obtain a “progenitor phenotype” during dedifferentiation after an injury, still stays the open question. The major stumbling block in resolving the issue is the lack of specific methods for distinguishing between dedifferentiated cells and resident progenitor cells. Transgenic animals, single-cell transcriptomics, and other recent approaches could be powerful tools to solve this problem. This review examines the main mechanisms of kidney regeneration: dedifferentiation of epithelial cells and activation of progenitor cells with special attention to potential niches of kidney progenitor cells. We attempted to give a detailed description of the most controversial topics in this field and ways to resolve these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda V. Andrianova
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina I. Buyan
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ljubava D. Zorova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina B. Pevzner
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily A. Popkov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentina A. Babenko
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis N. Silachev
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor Y. Plotnikov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.Y.P.); (D.B.Z.); Tel.: +7-495-939-5944 (E.Y.P.)
| | - Dmitry B. Zorov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.Y.P.); (D.B.Z.); Tel.: +7-495-939-5944 (E.Y.P.)
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Functional significance of CD105-positive cells in papillary renal cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:21. [PMID: 28056882 PMCID: PMC5217207 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2985-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD105 was postulated as a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) stem cell marker, and CD133 as a putative RCC progenitor. Hypoxia, a natural microenvironment that prevails in tumors, was also incorporated into the study, especially in terms of the promotion of hypothetical stem-like cell properties. Methods Within this study, we verify the existence of CD105+ and CD133+ populations in selected papillary subtype RCC (pRCC) cell lines. Both populations were analyzed for correlation with stem-like cell properties, such as stemness gene expression, and sphere and colony formation. For the preliminary analysis, several RCC cell lines were chosen (786-O, SMKT-R2, Caki-2, 796-P, ACHN, RCC6) and the control was human kidney cancer stem cells (HKCSC) and renal cells of embryonic origin (ASE-5063). Four cell lines were chosen for further investigation: Caki-2 (one of the highest numbers of CD105+ cells; primary origin), ACHN (a low number of CD105+ cells; metastatic origin), HKCSC (putative positive control), and ASE-5063 (additional control). Results In 769-P and RCC6, we could not detect a CD105+ population. Hypoxia variously affects pRCC cell growth, and mainly diminishes the stem-like properties of cells. Furthermore, we could not observe the correlation of CD105 and/or CD133 expression with the enhancement of stem-like properties. Conclusions Based on this analysis, CD105/CD133 cannot be validated as cancer stem cell markers of pRCC cell lines.
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Brodaczewska KK, Szczylik C, Fiedorowicz M, Porta C, Czarnecka AM. Choosing the right cell line for renal cell cancer research. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:83. [PMID: 27993170 PMCID: PMC5168717 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0565-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell lines are still a tool of choice for many fields of biomedical research, including oncology. Although cancer is a very complex disease, many discoveries have been made using monocultures of established cell lines. Therefore, the proper use of in vitro models is crucial to enhance our understanding of cancer. Therapeutics against renal cell cancer (RCC) are also screened with the use of cell lines. Multiple RCC in vitro cultures are available, allowing in vivo heterogeneity in the laboratory, but at the same time, these can be a source of errors. In this review, we tried to sum up the data on the RCC cell lines used currently. An increasing amount of data on RCC shed new light on the molecular background of the disease; however, it revealed how much still needs to be done. As new types of RCC are being distinguished, novel cell lines and the re-exploration of old ones seems to be indispensable to create effective in vitro tools for drug screening and more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia K Brodaczewska
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cezary Szczylik
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Fiedorowicz
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Science Medical Research Centre, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Camillo Porta
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Matteo University Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna M Czarnecka
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland.
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Bussolati B, Camussi G. Therapeutic use of human renal progenitor cells for kidney regeneration. Nat Rev Nephrol 2015; 11:695-706. [PMID: 26241019 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2015.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the human kidney to repair itself is limited. Consequently, repeated injury can trigger a maladaptive response that is characterized by fibrosis and loss of renal function. The transcription patterns that characterize nephrogenesis in fetal renal progenitor cells (RPCs) are only partially activated during renal repair in adults. Nevertheless, evidence suggests that segment-restricted progenitor resident cells support renal healing in adults. In this Review, we discuss the evidence for the existence of functional human RPCs in adults and their role in renal repair, and consider the controversial issue of whether RPCs are a fixed population or arise through phenotypical plasticity of tubular cells that is mediated by the microenvironment. We also discuss the strategies for generating renal progenitor cells from pluripotent stem cells or differentiated cells and their use in therapy. Finally, we examine preclinical data on the therapeutic use of human fetal cells, adult progenitor cells and adult renal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, Torino 10126, Italy
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Ranghino A, Dimuccio V, Papadimitriou E, Bussolati B. Extracellular vesicles in the urine: markers and mediators of tissue damage and regeneration. Clin Kidney J 2014; 8:23-30. [PMID: 25713706 PMCID: PMC4310438 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfu136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As in several body fluids, urine is a rich reservoir of extracellular vesicles (EVs) directly originating from cells facing the urinary lumen, including differentiated tubular cells, progenitor cells and infiltrating inflammatory cells. Several markers of glomerular and tubular damage, such as WT-1, ATF3 and NGAL, as well as of renal regeneration, such as CD133, have been identified representing an incredible source of information for diagnostic purposes. In addition, urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) appear to be involved in the cell-to-cell communication along the nephron, although this aspect needs further elucidation. Finally, uEVs emerge as potential amplifying or limiting factors in renal damage. Vesicles from injured cells may favour fibrosis and disease progression whereas those from cells with regenerative potential appear to promote cell survival. Here, we will discuss the most recent findings of the literature, on the light of the role of EVs in diagnosis and therapy for damage and repair of the renal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ranghino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences , University of Torino , Torino , Italy ; Department of Medical Sciences , University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Veronica Dimuccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences , University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Elli Papadimitriou
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences , University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences , University of Torino , Torino , Italy
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Kramann R, Kusaba T, Humphreys BD. Who regenerates the kidney tubule? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014; 30:903-10. [PMID: 25155054 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney possesses profound regenerative potential and in some cases can recover completely 'restitutio at integrum' following an acute kidney injury (AKI). Emerging evidence strongly suggests that sometimes repair is incomplete, however, and, in this situation, an episode of AKI leads to future chronic kidney disease (CKD). Understanding the tubular response after AKI will shed light on the relationship between incomplete repair and future risk of CKD. The first repair phase after AKI is characterized by robust proliferation of epithelial cells in the proximal tubule. The exact source of these proliferating cells has been a source of controversy for the last decade. While nearly everyone now agrees that reparative cells arise within the proximal tubule, there is disagreement about whether all surviving cells possess an equivalent repair capacity through dedifferentiation, or alternatively whether a pre-existing intratubular stem cell population [so-called scattered tubular cells (STC)] is responsible for repair. This review will summarize the evidence on both sides of this issue and will discuss very recent genetic fate-tracing data that strongly points against the existence of intratubular stem cells but rather indicates that terminally differentiated proximal tubule epithelial cells undergo dedifferentiation upon injury to replace lost neighboring tubular epithelial cells through proliferative self-duplication. This new evidence includes data clearly indicating that STC are not committed tubular stem cells but instead represent individual dedifferentiated tubular epithelial cells that transiently express putative stem cell markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Kramann
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Division of Nephrology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tetsuro Kusaba
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin D Humphreys
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Dimuccio V, Ranghino A, Praticò Barbato L, Fop F, Biancone L, Camussi G, Bussolati B. Urinary CD133+ extracellular vesicles are decreased in kidney transplanted patients with slow graft function and vascular damage. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104490. [PMID: 25100147 PMCID: PMC4123993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) present in the urine are mainly released from cells of the nephron and can therefore provide information on kidney function. We here evaluated the presence of vesicles expressing the progenitor marker CD133 in the urine of normal subjects and of patients undergoing renal transplant. We found that EV expressing CD133 were present in the urine of normal subjects, but not of patients with end stage renal disease. The first day after transplant, urinary CD133+ EVs were present at low levels, to increase thereafter (at day 7). Urinary CD133+ EVs significantly increased in patients with slow graft function in respect to those with early graft function. In patients with a severe pre-transplant vascular damage of the graft, CD133+ EVs did not increase at day 7. At variance, the levels of EVs expressing the renal exosomal marker CD24 did not vary in the urine of patients with end stage renal disease or in transplanted patients in respect to controls. Sorted CD133+ EVs were found to express glomerular and proximal tubular markers. These data indicate that urinary CD133+ EVs are continuously released during the homeostatic turnover of the nephron and may provide information on its function or regenerative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Dimuccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Ranghino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Loredana Praticò Barbato
- Immunogenetics and Transplant Biology Service, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Fop
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Luigi Biancone
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The review summarizes the most recent advances in stem cell and regenerative approaches to treat kidney injury, and highlights areas of active controversy. Over the past year, a number of findings have been reported that have brought this field much closer to clinical translation. RECENT FINDINGS Recent progress in regenerative nephrology includes the directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells to kidney fates, understanding the proliferative capacity of tubules after injury, the use of mesenchymal stem cells for kidney disease and tissue engineering approaches to renal replacement. Controversies persist, however, including whether adult epithelial stem cells exist at all, the best therapeutic strategy for the treatment of kidney injury and how to use mesenchymal stem cells optimally for the prevention of acute kidney injury. SUMMARY Although recent progress in kidney regeneration is very encouraging, current controversies must be resolved before clinical breakthroughs can occur.
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Woldu SL, Weinberg AC, RoyChoudhury A, Chase H, Kalloo SD, McKiernan JM, DeCastro GJ. Renal insufficiency is associated with an increased risk of papillary renal cell carcinoma histology. Int Urol Nephrol 2014; 46:2127-32. [PMID: 25000896 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-014-0780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE End-stage renal disease (ESRD) and acquired renal cystic disease associated with dialysis are known risk factors of papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC); however, it is not known whether renal insufficiency alone is a risk factor for pRCC. Our aim was to test whether renal insufficiency is associated with an increased preponderance of pRCC. METHODS Retrospective review of institutional database to identify all patients who underwent extirpative renal surgery for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with complete records from 1992 to 2012. We excluded those patients with preoperative ESRD as defined by GFR < 15 mL/min/1.73 m(2). The dependent variable was histologic RCC subtype. Independent variables included demographic data, comorbidities, and renal functional data. Multivariate analysis by binary logistic regression was used to determine factors that independently were associated with pRCC development. RESULTS A total of 1,226 patients met inclusion criteria, of which 15 % were pRCC. There was a positive association between likelihood of pRCC histology of RCC and increasing preoperative chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage (p = 0.021). Multivariate regression analysis indicated that male gender, race, and declining renal function categorized both by GFR and CKD stage were independently associated with a higher likelihood of pRCC histology as compared to other RCC histology. CONCLUSIONS Within a large cohort of patients with a diagnosis of RCC, declining renal function was independently associated with an increased likelihood of pRCC histology. This finding and the available molecular evidence indicating protein expression similarity between pRCC and resident stem cells, which appear to be upregulated with kidney damage, suggest a possible causal relationship between renal injury and pRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon L Woldu
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Pavilion - 11th Floor 161 Ft. Washington Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA,
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Differentiated kidney epithelial cells repair injured proximal tubule. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 111:1527-32. [PMID: 24127583 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1310653110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether kidney proximal tubule harbors a scattered population of epithelial stem cells is a major unsolved question. Lineage-tracing studies, histologic characterization, and ex vivo functional analysis results conflict. To address this controversy, we analyzed the lineage and clonal behavior of fully differentiated proximal tubule epithelial cells after injury. A CreER(T2) cassette was knocked into the sodium-dependent inorganic phosphate transporter SLC34a1 locus, which is expressed only in differentiated proximal tubule. Tamoxifen-dependent recombination was absolutely specific to proximal tubule. Clonal analysis after injury and repair showed that the bulk of labeled cells proliferate after injury with increased clone size after severe compared with mild injury. Injury to labeled proximal tubule epithelia induced expression of CD24, CD133, vimentin, and kidney-injury molecule-1, markers of putative epithelial stem cells in the human kidney. Similar results were observed in cultured proximal tubules, in which labeled clones proliferated and expressed dedifferentiation and injury markers. When mice with completely labeled kidneys were subject to injury and repair there was no dilution of fate marker despite substantial proliferation, indicating that unlabeled progenitors do not contribute to kidney repair. During nephrogenesis and early kidney growth, single proximal tubule clones expanded, suggesting that differentiated cells also contribute to tubule elongation. These findings provide no evidence for an intratubular stem-cell population, but rather indicate that terminally differentiated epithelia reexpress apparent stem-cell markers during injury-induced dedifferentiation and repair.
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Smeets B, Boor P, Dijkman H, Sharma SV, Jirak P, Mooren F, Berger K, Bornemann J, Gelman IH, Floege J, van der Vlag J, Wetzels JFM, Moeller MJ. Proximal tubular cells contain a phenotypically distinct, scattered cell population involved in tubular regeneration. J Pathol 2013; 229:645-59. [PMID: 23124355 DOI: 10.1002/path.4125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of injured tubular cells occurs after acute tubular necrosis primarily from intrinsic renal cells. This may occur from a pre-existing intratubular stem/progenitor cell population or from any surviving proximal tubular cell. In this study, we characterize a CD24-, CD133-, and vimentin-positive subpopulation of cells scattered throughout the proximal tubule in normal human kidney. Compared to adjacent 'normal' proximal tubular cells, these CD24-positive cells contained less cytoplasm, fewer mitochondria, and no brush border. In addition, 49 marker proteins are described that are expressed within the proximal tubules in a similar scattered pattern. For eight of these markers, we confirmed co-localization with CD24. In human biopsies of patients with acute tubular necrosis (ATN), the number of CD24-positive tubular cells was increased. In both normal human kidneys and the ATN biopsies, around 85% of proliferating cells were CD24-positive - indicating that this cell population participates in tubular regeneration. In healthy rat kidneys, the novel cell subpopulation was absent. However, upon unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), the novel cell population was detected in significant amounts in the injured kidney. In summary, in human renal biopsies, the CD24-positive cells represent tubular cells with a deviant phenotype, characterized by a distinct morphology and marker expression. After acute tubular injury, these cells become more numerous. In healthy rat kidneys, these cells are not detectable, whereas after UUO, they appeared de novo - arguing against the notion that these cells represent a pre-existing progenitor cell population. Our data indicate rather that these cells represent transiently dedifferentiated tubular cells involved in regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Smeets
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, University Hospital of the Aachen University of Technology (RWTH), Aachen, Germany.
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Kim J, Kim JI, Na YK, Park KM. Intra-renal slow cell-cycle cells contribute to the restoration of kidney tubules injured by ischemia/reperfusion. Anat Cell Biol 2011; 44:186-93. [PMID: 22025970 PMCID: PMC3195822 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2011.44.3.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal epithelial cells damaged by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) can be restored by timely and appropriate treatment. Recent studies have reported that intra renal adult kidney stem cells contribute to the restoration of tubules damaged by I/R. Here, we determined the role of adult tubular cells in the restoration of damaged tubules. We labeled slow cell-cycle cells (SCCs) with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and investigated their location in the kidneys as well as their contribution to the restoration of tubular cells damaged by I/R injury in mice. Thirty minutes of bilateral ischemia resulted in severe disruption of tubular epithelial cells along with a decline in renal function. The post-ischemic disruption of tubular epithelial cells was most severe in the S3 segment of the outer stripe of the outer medulla. Damaged tubules demonstrated gradual recovery of renal function over time. BrdU-labeled SCCs were mainly observed in tubules located at the junction of cortex and outer medulla, as well as in the inner medulla. The tubular SCCs expressed functional tubule cell markers such as Na/K-ATPase, Na-K-Cl cotransporter-2, and aquaporin 1 and 2. BrdU-labeled SCCs survived I/R injury and proliferated. These results demonstrate that SCCs present in tubules contribute to the restoration of tubular epithelial cells injured by I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinu Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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