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Bak A, Koch H, van Loo KMJ, Schmied K, Gittel B, Weber Y, Ort J, Schwarz N, Tauber SC, Wuttke TV, Delev D. Human organotypic brain slice cultures: a detailed and improved protocol for preparation and long-term maintenance. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 404:110055. [PMID: 38184112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.110055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The investigation of the human brain at cellular and microcircuit level remains challenging due to the fragile viability of neuronal tissue, inter- and intra-variability of the samples and limited availability of human brain material. Especially brain slices have proven to be an excellent source to investigate brain physiology and disease at cellular and small network level, overcoming the temporal limits of acute slices. Here we provide a revised, detailed protocol of the production and in-depth knowledge on long-term culturing of such human organotypic brain slice cultures for research purposes. We highlight the critical pitfalls of the culturing process of the human brain tissue and present exemplary results on viral expression, single-cell Patch-Clamp recordings, as well as multi-electrode array recordings as readouts for culture viability, enabling the use of organotypic brain slice cultures of these valuable tissue samples for basic neuroscience and disease modeling (Fig. 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniella Bak
- Department of Epileptology, Neurology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Henner Koch
- Department of Epileptology, Neurology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karen M J van Loo
- Department of Epileptology, Neurology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina Schmied
- Department of Epileptology, Neurology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Birgit Gittel
- Department of Epileptology, Neurology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Weber
- Department of Epileptology, Neurology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jonas Ort
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Niklas Schwarz
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simone C Tauber
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas V Wuttke
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Delev
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Neurosurgical Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Aachen (NAILA), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Korde DS, Humpel C. A Combination of Heavy Metals and Intracellular Pathway Modulators Induces Alzheimer Disease-like Pathologies in Organotypic Brain Slices. Biomolecules 2024; 14:165. [PMID: 38397402 PMCID: PMC10887098 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). Modelling aspects of AD is challenging due to its complex multifactorial etiology and pathology. The present study aims to establish a cost-effective and rapid method to model the two primary pathologies in organotypic brain slices. Coronal hippocampal brain slices (150 µm) were generated from postnatal (day 8-10) C57BL6 wild-type mice and cultured for 9 weeks. Collagen hydrogels containing either an empty load or a mixture of human Aβ42 and P301S aggregated tau were applied to the slices. The media was further supplemented with various intracellular pathway modulators or heavy metals to augment the appearance of Aβ plaques and tau NFTs, as assessed by immunohistochemistry. Immunoreactivity for Aβ and tau was significantly increased in the ventral areas in slices with a mixture of human Aβ42 and P301S aggregated tau compared to slices with empty hydrogels. Aβ plaque- and tau NFT-like pathologies could be induced independently in slices. Heavy metals (aluminum, lead, cadmium) potently augmented Aβ plaque-like pathology, which developed intracellularly prior to cell death. Intracellular pathway modulators (scopolamine, wortmannin, MHY1485) significantly boosted tau NFT-like pathologies. A combination of nanomolar concentrations of scopolamine, wortmannin, MHY1485, lead, and cadmium in the media strongly increased Aβ plaque- and tau NFT-like immunoreactivity in ventral areas compared to the slices with non-supplemented media. The results highlight that we could harness the potential of the collagen hydrogel-based spreading of human Aβ42 and P301S aggregated tau, along with pharmacological manipulation, to produce pathologies relevant to AD. The results offer a novel ex vivo organotypic slice model to investigate AD pathologies with potential applications for screening drugs or therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Humpel
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer’s Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
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Kozin SA, Kechko OI, Adzhubei AA, Makarov AA, Mitkevich VA. Switching On/Off Amyloid Plaque Formation in Transgenic Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:72. [PMID: 38203242 PMCID: PMC10778642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are the proteinaceous aggregates formed by the amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) that is deposited inside the brain as amyloid plaques. The accumulation of aggregated Aβ may initiate or enhance pathologic processes in AD. According to the amyloid hypothesis, any agent that has the capability to inhibit Aβ aggregation and/or destroy amyloid plaques represents a potential disease-modifying drug. In 2023, a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody (lecanemab) against the Aβ-soluble protofibrils was approved by the US FDA for AD therapy, thus providing compelling support to the amyloid hypothesis. To acquire a deeper insight on the in vivo Aβ aggregation, various animal models, including aged herbivores and carnivores, non-human primates, transgenic rodents, fish and worms were widely exploited. This review is based on the recent data obtained using transgenic animal AD models and presents experimental verification of the critical role in Aβ aggregation seeding of the interactions between zinc ions, Aβ with the isomerized Asp7 (isoD7-Aβ) and the α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Kozin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.I.K.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.M.)
| | | | | | | | - Vladimir A. Mitkevich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.I.K.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.M.)
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4
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Alfadil E, Bradke F. Moving through the crowd. Where are we at understanding physiological axon growth? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 140:63-71. [PMID: 35817655 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Axon growth enables the rapid wiring of the central nervous system. Understanding this process is a prerequisite to retriggering it under pathological conditions, such as a spinal cord injury, to elicit axon regeneration. The last decades saw progress in understanding the mechanisms underlying axon growth. Most of these studies employed cultured neurons grown on flat surfaces. Only recently studies on axon growth were performed in 3D. In these studies, physiological environments exposed more complex and dynamic aspects of axon development. Here, we describe current views on axon growth and highlight gaps in our knowledge. We discuss how axons interact with the extracellular matrix during development and the role of the growth cone and its cytoskeleton within. Finally, we propose that the time is ripe to study axon growth in a more physiological setting. This will help us uncover the physiologically relevant mechanisms underlying axon growth, and how they can be reactivated to induce axon regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eissa Alfadil
- Laboratory of Axon Growth and Regeneration, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Frank Bradke
- Laboratory of Axon Growth and Regeneration, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
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5
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Célestine M, Jacquier-Sarlin M, Borel E, Petit F, Perot JB, Hérard AS, Bousset L, Buisson A, Dhenain M. Long term worsening of amyloid pathology, cerebral function, and cognition after a single inoculation of beta-amyloid seeds with Osaka mutation. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:66. [PMID: 37087498 PMCID: PMC10122826 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01559-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by intracerebral deposition of abnormal proteinaceous assemblies made of amyloid-β (Aß) peptides or tau proteins. These peptides and proteins induce synaptic dysfunctions that are strongly correlated with cognitive decline. Intracerebral infusion of well-defined Aβ seeds from non-mutated Aβ1-40 or Aβ1-42 peptides can increase Aβ depositions several months after the infusion. Familial forms of AD are associated with mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) that induce the production of Aβ peptides with different structures. The Aβ Osaka (Aβosa mutation (E693Δ)) is located within the Aβ sequence and thus the Aβosa peptides have different structures and properties as compared to non-mutated Aβ1-42 peptides (Aβwt). Here, we wondered if a single exposure to this mutated Aβ can worsen AD pathology as well as downstream events including cognition, cerebral connectivity and synaptic health several months after the inoculation. To answer this question we inoculated Aβ1-42-bearing Osaka mutation (Aβosa) in the dentate gyrus of APPswe/PS1dE9 mice at the age of two months. Their cognition and cerebral connectivity were analyzed at 4 months post-inoculation by behavioral evaluation and functional MRI. Aβ pathology as well as synaptic density were evaluated by histology. The impact of Aβosa peptides on synaptic health was also measured on primary cortical neurons. Remarkably, the intracerebral administration of Aβosa induced cognitive and synaptic impairments as well as a reduction of functional connectivity between different brain regions, 4 months post-inoculation. It increased Aβ plaque depositions and increased Aβ oligomers. This is the first study showing that a single, sporadic event as Aβosa inoculation can worsen the fate of the pathology and clinical outcome several months after the event. It suggests that a single inoculation of Aβ regulates a large cascade of events for a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Célestine
- Laboratoire Des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
- Commissariat À L'Energie Atomique Et Aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de La Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut François Jacob, MIRCen, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Muriel Jacquier-Sarlin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Eve Borel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Fanny Petit
- Laboratoire Des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
- Commissariat À L'Energie Atomique Et Aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de La Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut François Jacob, MIRCen, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Perot
- Laboratoire Des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
- Commissariat À L'Energie Atomique Et Aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de La Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut François Jacob, MIRCen, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Hérard
- Laboratoire Des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
- Commissariat À L'Energie Atomique Et Aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de La Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut François Jacob, MIRCen, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Luc Bousset
- Laboratoire Des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
- Commissariat À L'Energie Atomique Et Aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de La Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut François Jacob, MIRCen, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Alain Buisson
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marc Dhenain
- Laboratoire Des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France.
- Commissariat À L'Energie Atomique Et Aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de La Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut François Jacob, MIRCen, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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Kamikubo Y, Jin H, Zhou Y, Niisato K, Hashimoto Y, Takasugi N, Sakurai T. Ex vivo analysis platforms for monitoring amyloid precursor protein cleavage. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 15:1068990. [PMID: 36683852 PMCID: PMC9852844 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1068990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative brain disorder and the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. The presence of large numbers of senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and cerebral atrophy is the characteristic feature of AD. Amyloid β peptide (Aβ), derived from the amyloid precursor protein (APP), is the main component of senile plaques. AD has been extensively studied using methods involving cell lines, primary cultures of neural cells, and animal models; however, discrepancies have been observed between these methods. Dissociated cultures lose the brain's tissue architecture, including neural circuits, glial cells, and extracellular matrix. Experiments with animal models are lengthy and require laborious monitoring of multiple parameters. Therefore, it is necessary to combine these experimental models to understand the pathology of AD. An experimental platform amenable to continuous observation and experimental manipulation is required to analyze long-term neuronal development, plasticity, and progressive neurodegenerative diseases. In the current study, we provide a practical method to slice and cultivate rodent hippocampus to investigate the cleavage of APP and secretion of Aβ in an ex vivo model. Furthermore, we provide basic information on Aβ secretion using slice cultures. Using our optimized method, dozens to hundreds of long-term stable slice cultures can be coordinated simultaneously. Our findings are valuable for analyses of AD mouse models and senile plaque formation culture models.
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7
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Pantazis CB, Yang A, Lara E, McDonough JA, Blauwendraat C, Peng L, Oguro H, Kanaujiya J, Zou J, Sebesta D, Pratt G, Cross E, Blockwick J, Buxton P, Kinner-Bibeau L, Medura C, Tompkins C, Hughes S, Santiana M, Faghri F, Nalls MA, Vitale D, Ballard S, Qi YA, Ramos DM, Anderson KM, Stadler J, Narayan P, Papademetriou J, Reilly L, Nelson MP, Aggarwal S, Rosen LU, Kirwan P, Pisupati V, Coon SL, Scholz SW, Priebe T, Öttl M, Dong J, Meijer M, Janssen LJM, Lourenco VS, van der Kant R, Crusius D, Paquet D, Raulin AC, Bu G, Held A, Wainger BJ, Gabriele RMC, Casey JM, Wray S, Abu-Bonsrah D, Parish CL, Beccari MS, Cleveland DW, Li E, Rose IVL, Kampmann M, Calatayud Aristoy C, Verstreken P, Heinrich L, Chen MY, Schüle B, Dou D, Holzbaur ELF, Zanellati MC, Basundra R, Deshmukh M, Cohen S, Khanna R, Raman M, Nevin ZS, Matia M, Van Lent J, Timmerman V, Conklin BR, Johnson Chase K, Zhang K, Funes S, Bosco DA, Erlebach L, Welzer M, Kronenberg-Versteeg D, Lyu G, Arenas E, Coccia E, Sarrafha L, Ahfeldt T, Marioni JC, Skarnes WC, Cookson MR, Ward ME, Merkle FT. A reference human induced pluripotent stem cell line for large-scale collaborative studies. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:1685-1702.e22. [PMID: 36459969 PMCID: PMC9782786 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines are a powerful tool for studying development and disease, but the considerable phenotypic variation between lines makes it challenging to replicate key findings and integrate data across research groups. To address this issue, we sub-cloned candidate human iPSC lines and deeply characterized their genetic properties using whole genome sequencing, their genomic stability upon CRISPR-Cas9-based gene editing, and their phenotypic properties including differentiation to commonly used cell types. These studies identified KOLF2.1J as an all-around well-performing iPSC line. We then shared KOLF2.1J with groups around the world who tested its performance in head-to-head comparisons with their own preferred iPSC lines across a diverse range of differentiation protocols and functional assays. On the strength of these findings, we have made KOLF2.1J and its gene-edited derivative clones readily accessible to promote the standardization required for large-scale collaborative science in the stem cell field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline B Pantazis
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrian Yang
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Erika Lara
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lirong Peng
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Data Tecnica International LLC, Washington, DC, USA; Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Hideyuki Oguro
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jitendra Kanaujiya
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jizhong Zou
- iPS Cell Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marianita Santiana
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Faraz Faghri
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Data Tecnica International LLC, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Data Tecnica International LLC, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Daniel Vitale
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Data Tecnica International LLC, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Shannon Ballard
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Data Tecnica International LLC, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yue A Qi
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel M Ramos
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kailyn M Anderson
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julia Stadler
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Priyanka Narayan
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, NIDDK, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Jason Papademetriou
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luke Reilly
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew P Nelson
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sanya Aggarwal
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Leah U Rosen
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Peter Kirwan
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Venkat Pisupati
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Steven L Coon
- Molecular Genomics Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sonja W Scholz
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Theresa Priebe
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam de Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Miriam Öttl
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam de Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jian Dong
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam de Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Meijer
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam de Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lara J M Janssen
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam de Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vanessa S Lourenco
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam de Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rik van der Kant
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam de Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis Crusius
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Paquet
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Guojun Bu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Aaron Held
- Department of Neurology, Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian J Wainger
- Department of Neurology, Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard University and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca M C Gabriele
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jackie M Casey
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Selina Wray
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Dad Abu-Bonsrah
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Clare L Parish
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Melinda S Beccari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Don W Cleveland
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emmy Li
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Indigo V L Rose
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Martin Kampmann
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carles Calatayud Aristoy
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Mission Lucidity, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrik Verstreken
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Mission Lucidity, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurin Heinrich
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Max Y Chen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Birgitt Schüle
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dan Dou
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erika L F Holzbaur
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria Clara Zanellati
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Richa Basundra
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mohanish Deshmukh
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sarah Cohen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Richa Khanna
- Department of Developmental Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Malavika Raman
- Department of Developmental Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Jonas Van Lent
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | | | | | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Salome Funes
- Department of Neurology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Daryl A Bosco
- Department of Neurology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Lena Erlebach
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marc Welzer
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Deborah Kronenberg-Versteeg
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Guochang Lyu
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ernest Arenas
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Coccia
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience; Departments of Neurology and Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology; Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease; Friedman Brain Institute; Black Family Stem Cell Institute at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lily Sarrafha
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience; Departments of Neurology and Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology; Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease; Friedman Brain Institute; Black Family Stem Cell Institute at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tim Ahfeldt
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience; Departments of Neurology and Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology; Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease; Friedman Brain Institute; Black Family Stem Cell Institute at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John C Marioni
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Mark R Cookson
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Michael E Ward
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Florian T Merkle
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK.
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8
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Varshavskaya KB, Mitkevich VA, Makarov AA, Barykin EP. Synthetic, Cell-Derived, Brain-Derived, and Recombinant β-Amyloid: Modelling Alzheimer's Disease for Research and Drug Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15036. [PMID: 36499362 PMCID: PMC9738609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, characterised by the accumulation of senile plaques and tau tangles, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation in the brain. The development of AD is a pathological cascade starting according to the amyloid hypothesis with the accumulation and aggregation of the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), which induces hyperphosphorylation of tau and promotes the pro-inflammatory activation of microglia leading to synaptic loss and, ultimately, neuronal death. Modelling AD-related processes is important for both studying the molecular basis of the disease and the development of novel therapeutics. The replication of these processes is often achieved with the use of a purified Aβ peptide. However, Aβ preparations obtained from different sources can have strikingly different properties. This review aims to compare the structure and biological effects of Aβ oligomers and aggregates of a higher order: synthetic, recombinant, purified from cell culture, or extracted from brain tissue. The authors summarise the applicability of Aβ preparations for modelling Aβ aggregation, neurotoxicity, cytoskeleton damage, receptor toxicity in vitro and cerebral amyloidosis, synaptic plasticity disruption, and cognitive impairment in vivo and ex vivo. Further, the paper discusses the causes of the reported differences in the effect of Aβ obtained from the sources mentioned above. This review points to the importance of the source of Aβ for AD modelling and could help researchers to choose the optimal way to model the Aβ-induced abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander A. Makarov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Vavilov St. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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9
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Li X, Ospitalieri S, Robberechts T, Hofmann L, Schmid C, Rijal Upadhaya A, Koper MJ, von Arnim CAF, Kumar S, Willem M, Gnoth K, Ramakers M, Schymkowitz J, Rousseau F, Walter J, Ronisz A, Balakrishnan K, Thal DR. Seeding, maturation and propagation of amyloid β-peptide aggregates in Alzheimer’s disease. Brain 2022; 145:3558-3570. [PMID: 36270003 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is neuropathologically characterized by the deposition of the amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) as amyloid plaques. Aβ plaque pathology starts in the neocortex before it propagates into further brain regions. Moreover, Aβ aggregates undergo maturation indicated by the occurrence of post-translational modifications. Here, we show that propagation of Aβ plaques is led by presumably non-modified Aβ followed by Aβ aggregate maturation. This sequence was seen neuropathologically in human brains and in amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice receiving intracerebral injections of human brain homogenates from cases varying in Aβ phase, Aβ load and Aβ maturation stage. The speed of propagation after seeding in mice was best related to the Aβ phase of the donor, the progression speed of maturation to the stage of Aβ aggregate maturation. Thus, different forms of Aβ can trigger propagation/maturation of Aβ aggregates, which may explain the lack of success when therapeutically targeting only specific forms of Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Li
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Laboratory of Neuropathology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU-Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Simona Ospitalieri
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Laboratory of Neuropathology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU-Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Tessa Robberechts
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Laboratory of Neuropathology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU-Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Linda Hofmann
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory of Neuropathology, Ulm University , Ulm , Germany
| | - Christina Schmid
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory of Neuropathology, Ulm University , Ulm , Germany
| | - Ajeet Rijal Upadhaya
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory of Neuropathology, Ulm University , Ulm , Germany
| | - Marta J Koper
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Laboratory of Neuropathology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU-Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, KU-Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven Brain Institute , Leuven , Belgium
- Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Christine A F von Arnim
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University , Ulm , Germany
- Division of Geriatrics, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Sathish Kumar
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Michael Willem
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Kathrin Gnoth
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology , Halle , Germany
| | - Meine Ramakers
- Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB , Leuven , Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU-Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Joost Schymkowitz
- Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB , Leuven , Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU-Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Frederic Rousseau
- Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB , Leuven , Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU-Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Jochen Walter
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Alicja Ronisz
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Laboratory of Neuropathology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU-Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Karthikeyan Balakrishnan
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory of Neuropathology, Ulm University , Ulm , Germany
- Department of Gene Therapy, Ulm University , Ulm , Germany
| | - Dietmar Rudolf Thal
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Laboratory of Neuropathology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU-Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory of Neuropathology, Ulm University , Ulm , Germany
- Department of Pathology, UZ-Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
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10
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Emmenegger M, De Cecco E, Hruska‐Plochan M, Eninger T, Schneider MM, Barth M, Tantardini E, de Rossi P, Bacioglu M, Langston RG, Kaganovich A, Bengoa‐Vergniory N, Gonzalez‐Guerra A, Avar M, Heinzer D, Reimann R, Häsler LM, Herling TW, Matharu NS, Landeck N, Luk K, Melki R, Kahle PJ, Hornemann S, Knowles TPJ, Cookson MR, Polymenidou M, Jucker M, Aguzzi A. LAG3 is not expressed in human and murine neurons and does not modulate α-synucleinopathies. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e14745. [PMID: 34309222 PMCID: PMC8422075 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
While the initial pathology of Parkinson's disease and other α-synucleinopathies is often confined to circumscribed brain regions, it can spread and progressively affect adjacent and distant brain locales. This process may be controlled by cellular receptors of α-synuclein fibrils, one of which was proposed to be the LAG3 immune checkpoint molecule. Here, we analysed the expression pattern of LAG3 in human and mouse brains. Using a variety of methods and model systems, we found no evidence for LAG3 expression by neurons. While we confirmed that LAG3 interacts with α-synuclein fibrils, the specificity of this interaction appears limited. Moreover, overexpression of LAG3 in cultured human neural cells did not cause any worsening of α-synuclein pathology ex vivo. The overall survival of A53T α-synuclein transgenic mice was unaffected by LAG3 depletion, and the seeded induction of α-synuclein lesions in hippocampal slice cultures was unaffected by LAG3 knockout. These data suggest that the proposed role of LAG3 in the spreading of α-synucleinopathies is not universally valid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Emmenegger
- Institute of NeuropathologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Elena De Cecco
- Institute of NeuropathologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Timo Eninger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)TübingenGermany
- Department of Cellular NeurologyHertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Matthias M Schneider
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryCentre for Misfolding DiseasesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Melanie Barth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)TübingenGermany
- Department of Cellular NeurologyHertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Elena Tantardini
- Department of Quantitative BiomedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Pierre de Rossi
- Department of Quantitative BiomedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Mehtap Bacioglu
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)TübingenGermany
- Department of Cellular NeurologyHertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Rebekah G Langston
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression SectionLaboratory of NeurogeneticsNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Alice Kaganovich
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression SectionLaboratory of NeurogeneticsNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Nora Bengoa‐Vergniory
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsOxford Parkinson’s Disease Center (OPDC)Oxford UniversityOxfordUK
| | | | - Merve Avar
- Institute of NeuropathologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Daniel Heinzer
- Institute of NeuropathologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Regina Reimann
- Institute of NeuropathologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Lisa M Häsler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)TübingenGermany
- Department of Cellular NeurologyHertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Therese W Herling
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryCentre for Misfolding DiseasesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Naunehal S Matharu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryCentre for Misfolding DiseasesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Natalie Landeck
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression SectionLaboratory of NeurogeneticsNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Kelvin Luk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease ResearchUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Ronald Melki
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative DiseasesCNRSInstitut François Jacob (MIRCen)CEAFontenay‐aux‐RosesFrance
| | - Philipp J Kahle
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)TübingenGermany
- Department of NeurodegenerationHertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Simone Hornemann
- Institute of NeuropathologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryCentre for Misfolding DiseasesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Cavendish LaboratoryDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Mark R Cookson
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression SectionLaboratory of NeurogeneticsNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | | | - Mathias Jucker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)TübingenGermany
- Department of Cellular NeurologyHertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of NeuropathologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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11
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Barth M, Bacioglu M, Schwarz N, Novotny R, Brandes J, Welzer M, Mazzitelli S, Häsler LM, Schweighauser M, Wuttke TV, Kronenberg-Versteeg D, Fog K, Ambjørn M, Alik A, Melki R, Kahle PJ, Shimshek DR, Koch H, Jucker M, Tanriöver G. Microglial inclusions and neurofilament light chain release follow neuronal α-synuclein lesions in long-term brain slice cultures. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:54. [PMID: 34380535 PMCID: PMC8356412 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00471-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteopathic brain lesions are a hallmark of many age-related neurodegenerative diseases including synucleinopathies and develop at least a decade before the onset of clinical symptoms. Thus, understanding of the initiation and propagation of such lesions is key for developing therapeutics to delay or halt disease progression. METHODS Alpha-synuclein (αS) inclusions were induced in long-term murine and human slice cultures by seeded aggregation. An αS seed-recognizing human antibody was tested for blocking seeding and/or spreading of the αS lesions. Release of neurofilament light chain (NfL) into the culture medium was assessed. RESULTS To study initial stages of α-synucleinopathies, we induced αS inclusions in murine hippocampal slice cultures by seeded aggregation. Induction of αS inclusions in neurons was apparent as early as 1week post-seeding, followed by the occurrence of microglial inclusions in vicinity of the neuronal lesions at 2-3 weeks. The amount of αS inclusions was dependent on the type of αS seed and on the culture's genetic background (wildtype vs A53T-αS genotype). Formation of αS inclusions could be monitored by neurofilament light chain protein release into the culture medium, a fluid biomarker of neurodegeneration commonly used in clinical settings. Local microinjection of αS seeds resulted in spreading of αS inclusions to neuronally connected hippocampal subregions, and seeding and spreading could be inhibited by an αS seed-recognizing human antibody. We then applied parameters of the murine cultures to surgical resection-derived adult human long-term neocortical slice cultures from 22 to 61-year-old donors. Similarly, in these human slice cultures, proof-of-principle induction of αS lesions was achieved at 1week post-seeding in combination with viral A53T-αS expressions. CONCLUSION The successful translation of these brain cultures from mouse to human with the first reported induction of human αS lesions in a true adult human brain environment underlines the potential of this model to study proteopathic lesions in intact mouse and now even aged human brain environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Barth
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Center of Neuroscience, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mehtap Bacioglu
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Center of Neuroscience, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Niklas Schwarz
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Renata Novotny
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Janine Brandes
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marc Welzer
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Center of Neuroscience, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sonia Mazzitelli
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Lisa M. Häsler
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Manuel Schweighauser
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thomas V. Wuttke
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Deborah Kronenberg-Versteeg
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Karina Fog
- Division of Neuroscience, H. Lundbeck A/S, 2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Malene Ambjørn
- Division of Neuroscience, H. Lundbeck A/S, 2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Ania Alik
- MIRCen, CEA and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS, Institut François Jacob, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Ronald Melki
- MIRCen, CEA and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS, Institut François Jacob, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Philipp J. Kahle
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenetics, Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Derya R. Shimshek
- Neuroscience Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henner Koch
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Epileptology, Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mathias Jucker
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Gaye Tanriöver
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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12
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Bettegazzi B, Sebastian Monasor L, Bellani S, Codazzi F, Restelli LM, Colombo AV, Deigendesch N, Frank S, Saito T, Saido TC, Lammich S, Tahirovic S, Grohovaz F, Zacchetti D. Casein Kinase 2 dependent phosphorylation of eIF4B regulates BACE1 expression in Alzheimer's disease. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:769. [PMID: 34349120 PMCID: PMC8339060 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder. Increased Aβ production plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of the disease and BACE1, the protease that triggers the amyloidogenic processing of APP, is a key protein and a pharmacological target in AD. Changes in neuronal activity have been linked to BACE1 expression and Aβ generation, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. We provide clear evidence for the role of Casein Kinase 2 in the control of activity-driven BACE1 expression in cultured primary neurons, organotypic brain slices, and murine AD models. More specifically, we demonstrate that neuronal activity promotes Casein Kinase 2 dependent phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF4B and this, in turn, controls BACE1 expression and APP processing. Finally, we show that eIF4B expression and phosphorylation are increased in the brain of APPPS1 and APP-KI mice, as well as in AD patients. Overall, we provide a definition of a mechanism linking brain activity with amyloid production and deposition, opening new perspectives from the therapeutic standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bettegazzi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy.
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Serena Bellani
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Franca Codazzi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Lisa Michelle Restelli
- Basel University Hospital, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, Schoenbeinstrasse 40, 4031, Basel (CH), Switzerland
| | | | - Nikolaus Deigendesch
- Basel University Hospital, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, Schoenbeinstrasse 40, 4031, Basel (CH), Switzerland
| | - Stephan Frank
- Basel University Hospital, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, Schoenbeinstrasse 40, 4031, Basel (CH), Switzerland
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Sven Lammich
- BMC - Biochemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabio Grohovaz
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Zacchetti
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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13
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Amyloid-Beta Mediates Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity. J Neurosci 2021; 41:5157-5172. [PMID: 33926999 PMCID: PMC8211553 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1820-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological role of the amyloid-precursor protein (APP) is insufficiently understood. Recent work has implicated APP in the regulation of synaptic plasticity. Substantial evidence exists for a role of APP and its secreted ectodomain APPsα in Hebbian plasticity. Here, we addressed the relevance of APP in homeostatic synaptic plasticity using organotypic tissue cultures prepared from APP -/- mice of both sexes. In the absence of APP, dentate granule cells failed to strengthen their excitatory synapses homeostatically. Homeostatic plasticity is rescued by amyloid-β and not by APPsα, and it is neither observed in APP+/+ tissue treated with β- or γ-secretase inhibitors nor in synaptopodin-deficient cultures lacking the Ca2+-dependent molecular machinery of the spine apparatus. Together, these results suggest a role of APP processing via the amyloidogenic pathway in homeostatic synaptic plasticity, representing a function of relevance for brain physiology as well as for brain states associated with increased amyloid-β levels.
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14
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Wu Q, Shaikh MA, Meymand ES, Zhang B, Luk KC, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY. Neuronal activity modulates alpha-synuclein aggregation and spreading in organotypic brain slice cultures and in vivo. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 140:831-849. [PMID: 33021680 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (αSyn) preformed fibrils (PFF) induce endogenous αSyn aggregation leading to reduced synaptic transmission. Neuronal activity modulates release of αSyn; however, whether neuronal activity regulates the spreading of αSyn pathology remains elusive. Here, we established a hippocampal slice culture system from wild-type (WT) mice and found that both Ca2+ influx and the uptake of αSyn PFF were higher in the CA3 than in the CA1 sub-region. Pharmacologically enhancing neuronal activity substantially increased αSyn pathology in αSyn PFF-treated hippocampal or midbrain slice cultures and accelerated dopaminergic neuron degeneration. Consistently, neuronal hyperactivity promoted PFF trafficking along axons/dendrites within microfluidic chambers. Unexpectedly, enhancing neuronal activity in LRRK2 G2019S mutant slice cultures further increased αSyn pathology, especially with more Lewy body (LB) forming than in WT slice cultures. Finally, following injection of αSyn PFF and chemogenetic modulators into the dorsal striatum of WT mice, both motor behavior and αSyn pathology were exacerbated likely by enhancing neuronal activity, since they were ameliorated by reducing neuronal activity. Thus, a greater understanding of the impact of neuronal activity on αSyn aggregation and spreading, as well as dopaminergic neuronal vulnerability, may provide new therapeutic strategies for patients with LB disease (LBD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4283, USA
| | - Muhammad A Shaikh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4283, USA
| | - Emily S Meymand
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4283, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4283, USA
| | - Kelvin C Luk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4283, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4283, USA
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4283, USA.
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15
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Tanriöver G, Bacioglu M, Schweighauser M, Mahler J, Wegenast-Braun BM, Skodras A, Obermüller U, Barth M, Kronenberg-Versteeg D, Nilsson KPR, Shimshek DR, Kahle PJ, Eisele YS, Jucker M. Prominent microglial inclusions in transgenic mouse models of α-synucleinopathy that are distinct from neuronal lesions. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:133. [PMID: 32787922 PMCID: PMC7425556 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00993-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synucleinopathies are a group of progressive neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by intracellular deposits of aggregated α-synuclein (αS). The clinical heterogeneity of these diseases is thought to be attributed to conformers (or strains) of αS but the contribution of inclusions in various cell types is unclear. The aim of the present work was to study αS conformers among different transgenic (TG) mouse models of α-synucleinopathies. To this end, four different TG mouse models were studied (Prnp-h[A53T]αS; Thy1-h[A53T]αS; Thy1-h[A30P]αS; Thy1-mαS) that overexpress human or murine αS and differed in their age-of-symptom onset and subsequent disease progression. Postmortem analysis of end-stage brains revealed robust neuronal αS pathology as evidenced by accumulation of αS serine 129 (p-αS) phosphorylation in the brainstem of all four TG mouse lines. Overall appearance of the pathology was similar and only modest differences were observed among additionally affected brain regions. To study αS conformers in these mice, we used pentameric formyl thiophene acetic acid (pFTAA), a fluorescent dye with amyloid conformation-dependent spectral properties. Unexpectedly, besides the neuronal αS pathology, we also found abundant pFTAA-positive inclusions in microglia of all four TG mouse lines. These microglial inclusions were also positive for Thioflavin S and showed immunoreactivity with antibodies recognizing the N-terminus of αS, but were largely p-αS-negative. In all four lines, spectral pFTAA analysis revealed conformational differences between microglia and neuronal inclusions but not among the different mouse models. Concomitant with neuronal lesions, microglial inclusions were already present at presymptomatic stages and could also be induced by seeded αS aggregation. Although nature and significance of microglial inclusions for human α-synucleinopathies remain to be clarified, the previously overlooked abundance of microglial inclusions in TG mouse models of α-synucleinopathy bears importance for mechanistic and preclinical-translational studies.
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16
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POSCAbilities: The Application of the Prion Organotypic Slice Culture Assay to Neurodegenerative Disease Research. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071079. [PMID: 32698402 PMCID: PMC7407827 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are fatal, transmissible neurodegenerative disorders whose pathogenesis is driven by the misfolding, self-templating and cell-to-cell spread of the prion protein. Other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington’s disease, share some of these prion-like features, with different aggregation-prone proteins. Consequently, researchers have begun to apply prion-specific techniques, like the prion organotypic slice culture assay (POSCA), to these disorders. In this review we explore the ways in which the prion phenomenon has been used in organotypic cultures to study neurodegenerative diseases from the perspective of protein aggregation and spreading, strain propagation, the role of glia in pathogenesis, and efficacy of drug treatments. We also present an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of this culture system compared to in vivo and in vitro models and provide suggestions for new directions.
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17
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Rodin S, Kozin SA, Kechko OI, Mitkevich VA, Makarov AA. Aberrant interactions between amyloid-beta and alpha5 laminins as possible driver of neuronal disfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Biochimie 2020; 174:44-48. [PMID: 32311425 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
It has been widely accepted that laminins are involved in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Amyloid plaques in AD patients are associated with immunostaining using antibodies raised against laminin-111, and laminin-111 has been shown to prevent aggregation of amyloid peptides. Although numerous articles describe small peptides from laminin-111 that are capable to disaggregate amyloid buildups and reduce neurotoxicity in in vitro and in vivo models, there is no approved laminin-111-based therapeutic approaches for treatment of AD. Also, it has been shown that immunoreactivity to laminin-111 appears late in development of cerebral amyloidosis. Based on the published data, we hypothesize that aberrant interaction between amyloid-beta and α5-laminins such as laminin-511 prevents the necessary laminin signaling into neurons leading to neurodegeneration and contributing to the early development of AD. Laminin-511 is the key extracellular protein that protects neurons from anoikis, inhibits excitoxicity and provides signaling that stabilizes dendritic spines and synapses in the developed brain. Absence of the signaling from laminin-511 leads to behavioral defects in mice. Laminin-511 and hippocampal neurons are in direct contact and accumulation of amyloid-beta that has been shown to avidly bind laminin-511 may physically decouple the interaction between α5-laminins and the neuronal membrane receptors inhibiting the signaling. Under this hypothesis, protein domains and peptides from laminin α5 chain may have a therapeutic potential in treatment of AD and the appearance of laminin-111 in the amyloid plaques is simply a consequence of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Rodin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia; Department of Surgical Sciences, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 752 37, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sergey A Kozin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Olga I Kechko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Mitkevich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander A Makarov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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18
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Beta secretase 1-dependent amyloid precursor protein processing promotes excessive vascular sprouting through NOTCH3 signalling. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:98. [PMID: 32029735 PMCID: PMC7005019 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid beta peptides (Aβ) proteins play a key role in vascular pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) including impairment of the blood–brain barrier and aberrant angiogenesis. Although previous work has demonstrated a pro-angiogenic role of Aβ, the exact mechanisms by which amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing and endothelial angiogenic signalling cascades interact in AD remain a largely unsolved problem. Here, we report that increased endothelial sprouting in human-APP transgenic mouse (TgCRND8) tissue is dependent on β-secretase (BACE1) processing of APP. Higher levels of Aβ processing in TgCRND8 tissue coincides with decreased NOTCH3/JAG1 signalling, overproduction of endothelial filopodia and increased numbers of vascular pericytes. Using a novel in vitro approach to study sprouting angiogenesis in TgCRND8 organotypic brain slice cultures (OBSCs), we find that BACE1 inhibition normalises excessive endothelial filopodia formation and restores NOTCH3 signalling. These data present the first evidence for the potential of BACE1 inhibition as an effective therapeutic target for aberrant angiogenesis in AD.
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19
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20
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Croft CL, Futch HS, Moore BD, Golde TE. Organotypic brain slice cultures to model neurodegenerative proteinopathies. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:45. [PMID: 31791377 PMCID: PMC6889333 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0346-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Organotypic slice cultures of brain or spinal cord have been a longstanding tool in neuroscience research but their utility for understanding Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative proteinopathies has only recently begun to be evaluated. Organotypic brain slice cultures (BSCs) represent a physiologically relevant three-dimensional model of the brain. BSCs support all the central nervous system (CNS) cell types and can be produced from brain areas involved in neurodegenerative disease. BSCs can be used to better understand the induction and significance of proteinopathies underlying the development and progression of AD and other neurodegenerative disorders, and in the future may serve as bridging technologies between cell culture and in vivo experiments for the development and evaluation of novel therapeutic targets and strategies. We review the initial development and general use of BSCs in neuroscience research and highlight the advantages of these cultures as an ex vivo model. Subsequently we focus on i) BSC-based modeling of AD and other neurodegenerative proteinopathies ii) use of BSCs to understand mechanisms underlying these diseases and iii) how BSCs can serve as tools to screen for suitable therapeutics prior to in vivo investigations. Finally, we will examine i) open questions regarding the use of such cultures and ii) how emerging technologies such as recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAV) may be combined with these models to advance translational research relevant to neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Croft
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - H S Futch
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - B D Moore
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - T E Golde
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA. .,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA. .,McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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21
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Friesen M, Meyer-Luehmann M. Aβ Seeding as a Tool to Study Cerebral Amyloidosis and Associated Pathology. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:233. [PMID: 31632238 PMCID: PMC6783493 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Misfolded proteins can form aggregates and induce a self-perpetuating process leading to the amplification and spreading of pathological protein assemblies. These misfolded protein assemblies act as seeds of aggregation. In an in vivo exogenous seeding model, both the features of seeds and the position at which seeding originates are precisely defined. Ample evidence from studies on intracerebal injection of amyloid-beta (Aβ)-rich brain extracts suggests that Aβ aggregation can be initiated by prion-like seeding. In this mini-review article, we will summarize the past and current literature on Aβ seeding in mouse models of AD and discuss its implementation as a tool to study cerebral amyloidosis and associated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Friesen
- Department of Neurology/Neurodegeneration, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Meyer-Luehmann
- Department of Neurology/Neurodegeneration, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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22
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Jucker M, Walker LC. Propagation and spread of pathogenic protein assemblies in neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Neurosci 2018; 21:1341-1349. [PMID: 30258241 PMCID: PMC6375686 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0238-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, are characterized by the progressive appearance of abnormal proteinaceous assemblies in the nervous system. Studies in experimental systems indicate that the assemblies originate from the prion-like seeded aggregation of specific misfolded proteins that proliferate and amass to form the intracellular and/or extracellular lesions typical of each disorder. The host in which the proteopathic seeds arise provides the biochemical and physiological environment that either supports or restricts their emergence, proliferation, self-assembly, and spread. Multiple mechanisms influence the spatiotemporal spread of seeds and the nature of the resulting lesions, one of which is the cellular uptake, release, and transport of seeds along neural pathways and networks. The characteristics of cells and regions in the affected network govern their vulnerability and thereby influence the neuropathological and clinical attributes of the disease. The propagation of pathogenic protein assemblies within the nervous system is thus determined by the interaction of the proteopathic agent and the host milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Jucker
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Lary C Walker
- Department of Neurology and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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23
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Fenyi A, Coens A, Bellande T, Melki R, Bousset L. Assessment of the efficacy of different procedures that remove and disassemble alpha-synuclein, tau and A-beta fibrils from laboratory material and surfaces. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10788. [PMID: 30018327 PMCID: PMC6050226 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28856-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
α-synuclein fibrillar polymorphs, Tau and Aß 1–42 fibrillar assemblies have been shown to propagate, amplify and trigger the formation of protein deposits reminiscent of those present within the central nervous system of patients developing synucleinopathies, tauopathies and amyloid plaques after injection intracerebrally, intramuscularly, intraperitoneally or within the blood stream of model animals. They are thus hazardous and there is need for decontamination and inactivation procedures for laboratory surfaces and non-disposable material. We assessed the effectiveness of different reagents to clean and disassemble potentially pathogenic assemblies adsorbed on non-disposable materials in laboratories. We show that commercial detergents and SDS are way more suited to detach α-synuclein fibrillar polymorphs, Tau and Aß 1–42 fibrillar assemblies from contaminated surfaces and disassemble the fibrils than methods designed to decrease PrP prion infectivity. Our observations reveal that the choice of the most adapted cleaning procedure for one given protein assembly or fibrillar polymorph should integrate detergent’s cleaning efficiency, material compatibility and capacity to dismantle assemblies. We provide an integrated representation where desorption and neutralization efficacy and surface compatibility are combined to facilitate the choice of the most adapted decontamination procedure. This representation, together with good laboratory practices, contributes to reducing potential health hazards associated to manipulating protein assemblies with prion-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Fenyi
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Audrey Coens
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Tracy Bellande
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ronald Melki
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Luc Bousset
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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24
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Markx D, Loos C, Claus S, Haupt C, Mawrin C, Fändrich M. Cell model for the identification and characterization of prion-like components from Alzheimer brain tissue. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:857-862. [PMID: 29458025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral injection of brain extracts from Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients into appropriate mouse models was previously found to drastically accelerate the deposition of Aβ amyloid in the recipient animals indicating a prion-like activity. In this study we show that this prion-like activity can be also identified by using a cell culture model of Aβ plaque formation. Analysis of biochemical fractions of AD brain extract indicate that the seeding-activity correlated with the presence of Aβ peptide and Aβ-derived aggregates. In vitro-formed fibrils were also active but their activity was low and depending on the fibril structure and conditions of fibril formation. Our data indicate a conformational basis of the observed seeding effect and suggest the utility of our cell model for further studies on the prion-like activity of AD extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Markx
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Cornelia Loos
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephanie Claus
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Haupt
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Mawrin
- Institute of Neuropathology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Fändrich
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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25
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Abstract
Senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are the principal histopathologic hallmarks of Alzheimer disease. The essential constituents of these lesions are structurally abnormal variants of normally generated proteins: Aβ protein in plaques and tau protein in tangles. At the molecular level, both proteins in a pathogenic state share key properties with classic prions, i.e., they consist of alternatively folded, β-sheet-rich forms of the proteins that autopropagate by the seeded corruption and self-assembly of like proteins. Other similarities with prions include the ability to manifest as polymorphic and polyfunctional strains, resistance to chemical and enzymatic destruction, and the ability to spread within the brain and from the periphery to the brain. In Alzheimer disease, current evidence indicates that the pathogenic cascade follows from the endogenous, sequential corruption of Aβ and then tau. Therapeutic options include reducing the production or multimerization of the proteins, uncoupling the Aβ-tauopathy connection, or promoting the inactivation or removal of anomalous assemblies from the brain. Although aberrant Aβ appears to be the prime mover of Alzheimer disease pathogenesis, once set in motion by Aβ, the prion-like propagation of tauopathy may proceed independently of Aβ; if so, Aβ might be solely targeted as an early preventive measure, but optimal treatment of Alzheimer disease at later stages of the cascade could require intervention in both pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lary C Walker
- Department of Neurology and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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26
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Bauer S, van Alphen N, Becker A, Chiocchetti A, Deichmann R, Deller T, Freiman T, Freitag CM, Gehrig J, Hermsen AM, Jedlicka P, Kell C, Klein KM, Knake S, Kullmann DM, Liebner S, Norwood BA, Omigie D, Plate K, Reif A, Reif PS, Reiss Y, Roeper J, Ronellenfitsch MW, Schorge S, Schratt G, Schwarzacher SW, Steinbach JP, Strzelczyk A, Triesch J, Wagner M, Walker MC, von Wegner F, Rosenow F. Personalized translational epilepsy research - Novel approaches and future perspectives: Part II: Experimental and translational approaches. Epilepsy Behav 2017; 76:7-12. [PMID: 28917498 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite the availability of more than 15 new "antiepileptic drugs", the proportion of patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy has remained constant at about 20-30%. Furthermore, no disease-modifying treatments shown to prevent the development of epilepsy following an initial precipitating brain injury or to reverse established epilepsy have been identified to date. This is likely in part due to the polyetiologic nature of epilepsy, which in turn requires personalized medicine approaches. Recent advances in imaging, pathology, genetics, and epigenetics have led to new pathophysiological concepts and the identification of monogenic causes of epilepsy. In the context of these advances, the First International Symposium on Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (1st ISymPTER) was held in Frankfurt on September 8, 2016, to discuss novel approaches and future perspectives for personalized translational research. These included new developments and ideas in a range of experimental and clinical areas such as deep phenotyping, quantitative brain imaging, EEG/MEG-based analysis of network dysfunction, tissue-based translational studies, innate immunity mechanisms, microRNA as treatment targets, functional characterization of genetic variants in human cell models and rodent organotypic slice cultures, personalized treatment approaches for monogenic epilepsies, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, therapeutic focal tissue modification, computational modeling for target and biomarker identification, and cost analysis in (monogenic) disease and its treatment. This report on the meeting proceedings is aimed at stimulating much needed investments of time and resources in personalized translational epilepsy research. This Part II includes the experimental and translational approaches and a discussion of the future perspectives, while the diagnostic methods, EEG network analysis, biomarkers, and personalized treatment approaches were addressed in Part I [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bauer
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Epilepsy Center Marburg, Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Natascha van Alphen
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Albert Becker
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Chiocchetti
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Ralf Deichmann
- Brain Imaging Center (BIC) Frankfurt, Department of Neurology, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Thomas Deller
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Thomas Freiman
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Christine M Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Johannes Gehrig
- Emmy-Noether Group Kell, Department of Neurology, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Anke M Hermsen
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Peter Jedlicka
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Christian Kell
- Emmy-Noether Group Kell, Department of Neurology, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Karl Martin Klein
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Epilepsy Center Marburg, Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Susanne Knake
- Epilepsy Center Marburg, Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Dimitri M Kullmann
- Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Liebner
- Edinger-Institute Frankfurt, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Braxton A Norwood
- Epilepsy Center Marburg, Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Diana Omigie
- Max-Planck-Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, 60322 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Karlheinz Plate
- Edinger-Institute Frankfurt, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Philipp S Reif
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Yvonne Reiss
- Edinger-Institute Frankfurt, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Jochen Roeper
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Neuroscience Center, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Michael W Ronellenfitsch
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute for Neurooncology, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Stephanie Schorge
- Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Gerhard Schratt
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Stephan W Schwarzacher
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Joachim P Steinbach
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute for Neurooncology, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Adam Strzelczyk
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Epilepsy Center Marburg, Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Jochen Triesch
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Marlies Wagner
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Matthew C Walker
- Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Frederic von Wegner
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1)
| | - Felix Rosenow
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Epilepsy Center Marburg, Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany(1).
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27
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Human Cerebrospinal fluid promotes long-term neuronal viability and network function in human neocortical organotypic brain slice cultures. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12249. [PMID: 28947761 PMCID: PMC5613008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12527-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathophysiological investigation of CNS-related diseases, such as epilepsy or neurodegenerative disorders, largely relies on histological studies on human post mortem tissue, tissue obtained by biopsy or resective surgery and on studies using disease models including animal models, heterologous expression systems or cell culture based approaches. However, in general it remains elusive to what extent results obtained in model systems can be directly translated to the human brain, calling for strategies allowing validation or even primary investigation in live human CNS tissue. In the work reported here, we prepared human organotypic slice cultures from access tissue of resective epilepsy surgery. Employing different culture conditions, we systematically compared artificial culturing media versus human cerbrospinal fluid (hCSF) obtained from patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). Presented data demonstrates sustained cortical neuronal survival including not only maintenance of typical cellular electrophysiological properties and activity, such as robust action potential generation and synaptic connectivity, but also preservation of tonic and phasic network activity up to several weeks in vitro. As clearly delineated by immunocytochemistry, single cell patch clamp and extracellular recordings, we find that in contrast to artificial culturing media, hCSF significantly enhances neuron viability and maintenance of network activity.
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28
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Nixon RA. Amyloid precursor protein and endosomal-lysosomal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: inseparable partners in a multifactorial disease. FASEB J 2017; 31:2729-2743. [PMID: 28663518 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities of the endosomal-lysosomal network (ELN) are a signature feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). These include the earliest known cytopathology that is specific to AD and that affects endosomes and induces the progressive failure of lysosomes, each of which are directly linked by distinct mechanisms to neurodegeneration. The origins of ELN dysfunction and β-amyloidogenesis closely overlap, which reflects their common genetic basis, the established early involvement of endosomes and lysosomes in amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing and clearance, and the pathologic effect of certain APP metabolites on ELN functions. Genes that promote β-amyloidogenesis in AD (APP, PSEN1/2, and APOE4) have primary effects on ELN function. The importance of primary ELN dysfunction to pathogenesis is underscored by the mutations in more than 35 ELN-related genes that, thus far, are known to cause familial neurodegenerative diseases even though different pathogenic proteins may be involved. In this article, I discuss growing evidence that implicates AD gene-driven ELN disruptions as not only the antecedent pathobiology that underlies β-amyloidogenesis but also as the essential partner with APP and its metabolites that drive the development of AD, including tauopathy, synaptic dysfunction, and neurodegeneration. The striking amelioration of diverse deficits in animal AD models by remediating ELN dysfunction further supports a need to integrate APP and ELN relationships, including the role of amyloid-β, into a broader conceptual framework of how AD arises, progresses, and may be effectively therapeutically targeted.-Nixon, R. A. Amyloid precursor protein and endosomal-lysosomal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: inseparable partners in a multifactorial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph A Nixon
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, USA; .,Department of Psychiatry and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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29
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A β Peptide Originated from Platelets Promises New Strategy in Anti-Alzheimer's Drug Development. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3948360. [PMID: 29018812 PMCID: PMC5605787 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3948360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide and its deposits in the brain are known to be implicated in the neurodegeneration that occurs during Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, alternative theories views concerning both the source of this peptide and its functions have been developed. It has been shown that, as in all other known types of amyloidosis, the production of Aβ originates in blood cells or cells related to blood plasma, from which it can then spread from the blood to inside the brain, with the greatest concentration around brain blood vessels. In this review, we summarize research progress in this new area and outline some future perspectives. While it is still unclear whether the main source of Aβ deposits in AD is the blood, the possibility of blocking the chain of reactions that lead to constant Aβ release from the blood to the brain may be exploited in an attempt to reduce the amyloid burden in AD. Solving the problem of Aβ accumulation in this way may provide an alternative strategy for developing anti-AD drugs.
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30
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Abstract
The prion paradigm is increasingly invoked to explain the molecular pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases involving the misfolding and aggregation of proteins other than the prion protein (PrP). Extensive evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies indicates that misfolded and aggregated Aβ peptide, which is the probable molecular trigger for Alzheimer's disease, manifests all of the key characteristics of canonical mammalian prions. These features include a β-sheet rich architecture, tendency to polymerize into amyloid, templated corruption of like protein molecules, ability to form structurally and functionally variant strains, systematic spread by neuronal transport, and resistance to inactivation by heat and formaldehyde. In addition to Aβ, a growing body of research supports the view that the prion-like molecular transformation of specific proteins drives the onset and course of a remarkable variety of clinicopathologically diverse diseases. As such, the expanded prion paradigm could conceptually unify fundamental and translational investigations of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Rasmussen
- a Department of Cellular Neurology , Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany.,b German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Tübingen , Germany.,c Graduate Training Center of Neuroscience, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Mathias Jucker
- a Department of Cellular Neurology , Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany.,b German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Lary C Walker
- d Department of Neurology and Yerkes National Primate Research Center , Emory University , Atlanta , GA , USA
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31
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Membrane association and release of wild-type and pathological tau from organotypic brain slice cultures. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2671. [PMID: 28300838 PMCID: PMC5386587 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The spatiotemporal transmission of pathological tau in the brain is characteristic of Alzheimer's disease. Release of both soluble and abnormal tau species from healthy neurons is increased upon stimulation of neuronal activity. It is not yet understood whether the mechanisms controlling soluble tau release from healthy neurons is the same as those involved in the spread of pathological tau species. To begin to understand these events, we have studied tau distribution and release using organotypic brain slice cultures. The slices were cultured from postnatal wild-type and 3xTg-AD mice for up to 1 month. Tau distribution in subcellular compartments was examined by western blotting, and tau release into culture medium was determined using a sensitive sandwich ELISA. We show here that 3xTg-AD cultures have an accelerated development of pathological tau abnormalities including the redistribution of tau to synaptic and membrane compartments. The 3xTg-AD slice cultures show elevated basal tau release relative to total tau when compared with wild-type cultures. However, tau release from 3xTg-AD slices cannot be further stimulated when neuronal activity is increased with potassium chloride. Moreover, we report that there is an increased pool of dephosphorylated membrane-associated tau in conditions where tau release is increased. These data suggest that there may be differential patterns of tau release when using integrated slice culture models of wild-type and transgenic mouse brain, although it will be important to determine the effect of tau overexpression for these findings. These results further increase our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying tau release and propagation in neurodegenerative tauopathies.
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32
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Guillot-Sestier MV, Weitz TM, Town T. Quantitative 3D In Silico Modeling (q3DISM) of Cerebral Amyloid-beta Phagocytosis in Rodent Models of Alzheimer's Disease. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 28060279 DOI: 10.3791/54868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is now recognized as a major etiological factor in neurodegenerative disease. Mononuclear phagocytes are innate immune cells responsible for phagocytosis and clearance of debris and detritus. These cells include CNS-resident macrophages known as microglia, and mononuclear phagocytes infiltrating from the periphery. Light microscopy has generally been used to visualize phagocytosis in rodent or human brain specimens. However, qualitative methods have not provided definitive evidence of in vivo phagocytosis. Here, we describe quantitative 3D in silico modeling (q3DISM), a robust method allowing for true 3D quantitation of amyloid-β (Aβ) phagocytosis by mononuclear phagocytes in rodent Alzheimer's Disease (AD) models. The method involves fluorescently visualizing Aβ encapsulated within phagolysosomes in rodent brain sections. Large z-dimensional confocal datasets are then 3D reconstructed for quantitation of Aβ spatially colocalized within the phagolysosome. We demonstrate the successful application of q3DISM to mouse and rat brains, but this methodology can be extended to virtually any phagocytic event in any tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tara M Weitz
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California (USC)
| | - Terrence Town
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California (USC);
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33
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Walker LC, Schelle J, Jucker M. The Prion-Like Properties of Amyloid-β Assemblies: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2016; 6:cshperspect.a024398. [PMID: 27270558 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a024398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery that prion diseases can be transmitted to experimental animals by inoculation with afflicted brain matter, researchers have speculated that the brains of patients suffering from other neurodegenerative diseases might also harbor causative agents with transmissible properties. Foremost among these disorders is Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. A growing body of research supports the concept that the pathogenesis of AD is initiated and sustained by the endogenous, seeded misfolding and aggregation of the protein fragment amyloid-β (Aβ). At the molecular level, this mechanism of nucleated protein self-assembly is virtually identical to that of prions consisting of the prion protein (PrP). The formation, propagation, and spread of Aβ seeds within the brain can thus be considered a fundamental feature of AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lary C Walker
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Juliane Schelle
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Jucker
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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34
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Marzesco AM, Flötenmeyer M, Bühler A, Obermüller U, Staufenbiel M, Jucker M, Baumann F. Highly potent intracellular membrane-associated Aβ seeds. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28125. [PMID: 27311744 PMCID: PMC4911570 DOI: 10.1038/srep28125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An early event in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis is the formation of extracellular aggregates of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), thought to be initiated by a prion-like seeding mechanism. However, the molecular nature and location of the Aβ seeds remain rather elusive. Active Aβ seeds are found in crude homogenates of amyloid-laden brains and in the soluble fraction thereof. To analyze the seeding activity of the pellet fraction, we have either separated or directly immunoisolated membranes from such homogenates. Here, we found considerable Aβ seeding activity associated with membranes in the absence of detectable amyloid fibrils. We also found that Aβ seeds on mitochondrial or associated membranes efficiently induced Aβ aggregation in vitro and seed β-amyloidosis in vivo. Aβ seeds at intracellular membranes may contribute to the spreading of Aβ aggregation along neuronal pathways and to the induction of intracellular pathologies downstream of Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Marzesco
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Anika Bühler
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Obermüller
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Staufenbiel
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Jucker
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Baumann
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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