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Higa GSV, Viana FJC, Francis-Oliveira J, Cruvinel E, Franchin TS, Marcourakis T, Ulrich H, De Pasquale R. Serotonergic neuromodulation of synaptic plasticity. Neuropharmacology 2024; 257:110036. [PMID: 38876308 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity constitutes a fundamental process in the reorganization of neural networks that underlie memory, cognition, emotional responses, and behavioral planning. At the core of this phenomenon lie Hebbian mechanisms, wherein frequent synaptic stimulation induces long-term potentiation (LTP), while less activation leads to long-term depression (LTD). The synaptic reorganization of neuronal networks is regulated by serotonin (5-HT), a neuromodulator capable of modify synaptic plasticity to appropriately respond to mental and behavioral states, such as alertness, attention, concentration, motivation, and mood. Lately, understanding the serotonergic Neuromodulation of synaptic plasticity has become imperative for unraveling its impact on cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functions. Through a comparative analysis across three main forebrain structures-the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex, this review discusses the actions of 5-HT on synaptic plasticity, offering insights into its role as a neuromodulator involved in emotional and cognitive functions. By distinguishing between plastic and metaplastic effects, we provide a comprehensive overview about the mechanisms of 5-HT neuromodulation of synaptic plasticity and associated functions across different brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Shigueto Vilar Higa
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade de São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (USP), Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Felipe José Costa Viana
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade de São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - José Francis-Oliveira
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Emily Cruvinel
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade de São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Thainá Soares Franchin
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade de São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Tania Marcourakis
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (USP), Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Roberto De Pasquale
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade de São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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Schultz W. A dopamine mechanism for reward maximization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316658121. [PMID: 38717856 PMCID: PMC11098095 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316658121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Individual survival and evolutionary selection require biological organisms to maximize reward. Economic choice theories define the necessary and sufficient conditions, and neuronal signals of decision variables provide mechanistic explanations. Reinforcement learning (RL) formalisms use predictions, actions, and policies to maximize reward. Midbrain dopamine neurons code reward prediction errors (RPE) of subjective reward value suitable for RL. Electrical and optogenetic self-stimulation experiments demonstrate that monkeys and rodents repeat behaviors that result in dopamine excitation. Dopamine excitations reflect positive RPEs that increase reward predictions via RL; against increasing predictions, obtaining similar dopamine RPE signals again requires better rewards than before. The positive RPEs drive predictions higher again and thus advance a recursive reward-RPE-prediction iteration toward better and better rewards. Agents also avoid dopamine inhibitions that lower reward prediction via RL, which allows smaller rewards than before to elicit positive dopamine RPE signals and resume the iteration toward better rewards. In this way, dopamine RPE signals serve a causal mechanism that attracts agents via RL to the best rewards. The mechanism improves daily life and benefits evolutionary selection but may also induce restlessness and greed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Schultz
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 3DY, United Kingdom
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Suzuki N, Hiraide S, Shikanai H, Isshiki T, Yamaguchi T, Izumi T, Iizuka K. Impaired monoamine neural system in the mPFC of SHRSP/Ezo as an animal model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Pharmacol Sci 2024; 154:61-71. [PMID: 38246729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common childhood-onset psychiatric disorder. We investigated the effects of systemic administration of monoamine reuptake inhibitors on long-term potentiation (LTP) formation and monoamine release in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP)/Ezo, an animal model of ADHD, and its genetic control, Wistar Kyoto (WKY)/Ezo, to elucidate the functional changes in the mPFC monoamine neural system. Methylphenidate (dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) reuptake inhibitor) and desipramine (NA reuptake inhibitor) improved LTP formation defects in the mPFC of SHRSP/Ezo, suggesting that NA or both DA and NA are required for improvement of impaired LTP. Methylphenidate increased mPFC DA in both WKY/Ezo and SHRSP/Ezo, but the increase was greater in the former. GBR-12909 (DA reuptake inhibitor) increased mPFC DA in WKY/Ezo but had no effect in SHRSP/Ezo. This may be because DA transporter in SHRSP/Ezo is functionally impaired and contributes less to DA reuptake, so its inhibition did not increase DA level. Meanwhile, basal DA levels in the mPFC of SHRSP/Ezo were paradoxically decreased. These results suggest that functional changes in the DA and NA neural system in the frontal lobe are involved in the pathology of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Sachiko Hiraide
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shikanai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan; Advanced Research Promotion Center, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan.
| | - Takeru Isshiki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Taku Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics and Neuropsychopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Nagasaki, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch Sasebo, Nagasaki, 859-3298, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izumi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan; Advanced Research Promotion Center, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Kenji Iizuka
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
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Rezaei M, Ghafouri S, Asgari A, Barkley V, Fathollahi Y, Rostami S, Shojaei A, Mirnajafi‐Zadeh J. Involvement of dopamine D 2 -like receptors in the antiepileptogenic effects of deep brain stimulation during kindling in rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:587-596. [PMID: 36514209 PMCID: PMC9873507 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Deep brain electrical stimulation (DBS), as a potential therapy for drug resistive epileptic patients, has inhibitory action on epileptogenesis. In the present investigation, the role of dopamine D2 -like receptors in the antiepileptogenic action of DBS was studied. METHODS Seizures were induced in adult rats by stimulating the perforant path in a semi-rapid kindling method. Five minutes after the last kindling stimulation, daily DBS was applied to the perforant path at the pattern of low frequency stimulation (LFS; 1 Hz; pulse duration: 0.1 ms; intensity: 50-150 μA; 4 trains of 200 pulses at 5 min intervals). Sulpiride (10 μg/1 μl, i.c.v.), a selective dopamine D2 -like receptor antagonist, was administered prior to the daily LFS application. RESULTS Kindling stimulations increased cumulative daily behavioral seizure stages, daily afterdischarge duration (dADD), and population spike amplitude (PS) in dentate gyrus following perforant path stimulation, while applying LFS decreased the kindled seizures' parameters. In addition, kindling potentiated the early (at 10-50 ms inter-pulse interval) and late (at 150-1000 ms inter-pulse interval) paired-pulse inhibition and decreased the paired-pulse facilitation (at 70-100 ms inter-pulse interval). These effects were also inhibited by applying LFS. All inhibitory effects of LFS on kindling procedure were prevented by sulpiride administration. CONCLUSION These data may suggest that LFS exerts its preventive effect on kindling development, at least partly, through the receptors on which sulpiride acts which are mainly dopamine D2 -like (including D2 , D3 , and D4 ) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Rezaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Samireh Ghafouri
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Azam Asgari
- Department of BiologyUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Victoria Barkley
- Krembil Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Yaghoub Fathollahi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Sareh Rostami
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Amir Shojaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Javad Mirnajafi‐Zadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
- Institute for Brain Sciences and CognitionTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
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Sheynikhovich D, Otani S, Bai J, Arleo A. Long-term memory, synaptic plasticity and dopamine in rodent medial prefrontal cortex: Role in executive functions. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 16:1068271. [PMID: 36710953 PMCID: PMC9875091 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1068271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mnemonic functions, supporting rodent behavior in complex tasks, include both long-term and (short-term) working memory components. While working memory is thought to rely on persistent activity states in an active neural network, long-term memory and synaptic plasticity contribute to the formation of the underlying synaptic structure, determining the range of possible states. Whereas, the implication of working memory in executive functions, mediated by the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in primates and rodents, has been extensively studied, the contribution of long-term memory component to these tasks received little attention. This review summarizes available experimental data and theoretical work concerning cellular mechanisms of synaptic plasticity in the medial region of rodent PFC and the link between plasticity, memory and behavior in PFC-dependent tasks. A special attention is devoted to unique properties of dopaminergic modulation of prefrontal synaptic plasticity and its contribution to executive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Sheynikhovich
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France,*Correspondence: Denis Sheynikhovich ✉
| | - Satoru Otani
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Jing Bai
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Paris, France
| | - Angelo Arleo
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
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6
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Rezaei M, Raoufy MR, Fathollahi Y, Shojaei A, Mirnajafi-Zadeh J. Tonic and phasic stimulations of ventral tegmental area have opposite effects on pentylenetetrazol kindled seizures in mice. Epilepsy Res 2023; 189:107073. [PMID: 36584482 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2022.107073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine may be involved in the anticonvulsant action of deep brain stimulation (DBS). Therefore, ventral tegmental area (VTA), as a brain dopaminergic nucleus, may be a suitable target for DBS anticonvulsant action. This study investigated the effect of tonic and phasic stimulations of the VTA on seizure parameters. Seizures were induced in adult mice by sequential injections of a sub-convulsive dose of 35 mg/kg pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) every 48 h to develop the chemical kindling until the mice reached full kindled state (showing three consecutive seizure stages 4 or 5). Fully kindled mice received DBS once a day as tonic (square waves at 1 Hz; pulse duration: 200 μs; intensity: 300 μA; 600 pulses in 10 min) or phasic (square waves at 100 Hz; pulse duration: 200 μs; intensity: 300 μA; 8 trains of 10 pulses at 1 min interval; 800 pulses in 10 min) stimulations applied into their VTA for 4 days. A single dose of PTZ was injected after each DBS. Simultaneously electrocorticography and video recordings were performed during the seizure for accuracy in seizure severity parameters detection. Tonic but not phasic stimulation significantly decreased the epileptiform discharge duration and the seizure behavioral parameters such as maximum seizure stage, stage 5 duration, seizure duration. In addition, focal to generalized seizure latency increased following VTA tonic stimulation. These data suggest that tonic (but not phasic) stimulation of VTA before PTZ injection on 4 test days had anticonvulsant effects on PTZ-kindled seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Rezaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Raoufy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Fathollahi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Shojaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Pittolo S, Yokoyama S, Willoughby DD, Taylor CR, Reitman ME, Tse V, Wu Z, Etchenique R, Li Y, Poskanzer KE. Dopamine activates astrocytes in prefrontal cortex via α1-adrenergic receptors. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111426. [PMID: 36170823 PMCID: PMC9555850 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a hub for cognitive control, and dopamine profoundly influences its functions. In other brain regions, astrocytes sense diverse neurotransmitters and neuromodulators and, in turn, orchestrate regulation of neuroactive substances. However, basic physiology of PFC astrocytes, including which neuromodulatory signals they respond to and how they contribute to PFC function, is unclear. Here, we characterize divergent signaling signatures in mouse astrocytes of the PFC and primary sensory cortex, which show differential responsiveness to locomotion. We find that PFC astrocytes express receptors for dopamine but are unresponsive through the Gs/Gi-cAMP pathway. Instead, fast calcium signals in PFC astrocytes are time locked to dopamine release and are mediated by α1-adrenergic receptors both ex vivo and in vivo. Further, we describe dopamine-triggered regulation of extracellular ATP at PFC astrocyte territories. Thus, we identify astrocytes as active players in dopaminergic signaling in the PFC, contributing to PFC function though neuromodulator receptor crosstalk. Pittolo et al. demonstrate that the neuromodulator dopamine targets astrocytes, a type of brain cell, via receptors specific to another neuromodulator—norepinephrine. This study provides groundwork on how dopamine affects non-neuronal brain cells and suggests that crosstalk between neuromodulatory pathways occurs in vivo, with possible clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pittolo
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sae Yokoyama
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Drew D Willoughby
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charlotte R Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael E Reitman
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vincent Tse
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhaofa Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Roberto Etchenique
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kira E Poskanzer
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Stern‐Mentch N, Bostwick GW, Belenky M, Moroz L, Hochner B. Neurotransmission and neuromodulation systems in the learning and memory network of Octopus vulgaris. J Morphol 2022; 283:557-584. [PMID: 35107842 PMCID: PMC9303212 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The vertical lobe (VL) in the octopus brain plays an essential role in its sophisticated learning and memory. Early anatomical studies suggested that the VL is organized in a "fan-out fan-in" connectivity matrix comprising only three morphologically identified neuron types; input axons from the median superior frontal lobe (MSFL) innervating en passant millions of small amacrine interneurons (AMs), which converge sharply onto large VL output neurons (LNs). Recent physiological studies confirmed the feedforward excitatory connectivity; a glutamatergic synapse at the first MSFL-to-AM synaptic layer and a cholinergic AM-to-LNs synapse. MSFL-to-AMs synapses show a robust hippocampal-like activity-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) of transmitter release. 5-HT, octopamine, dopamine and nitric oxide modulate short- and long-term VL synaptic plasticity. Here, we present a comprehensive histolabeling study to better characterize the neural elements in the VL. We generally confirmed glutamatergic MSFLs and cholinergic AMs. Intense labeling for NOS activity in the AMs neurites were in-line with the NO-dependent presynaptic LTP mechanism at the MSFL-to-AM synapse. New discoveries here reveal more heterogeneity of the VL neurons than previously thought. GABAergic AMs suggest a subpopulation of inhibitory interneurons in the first input layer. Clear γ-amino butyric acid labeling in the cell bodies of LNs supported an inhibitory VL output, yet the LNs co-expressed FMRFamide-like neuropeptides, suggesting an additional neuromodulatory role of the VL output. Furthermore, a group of LNs was glutamatergic. A new cluster of cells organized as a "deep nucleus" showed rich catecholaminergic labeling and may play a role in intrinsic neuromodulation. In-situ hybridization and immunolabeling allowed characterization and localization of a rich array of neuropeptides and neuromodulators, likely involved in reward/punishment signals. This analysis of the fast transmission system, together with the newly found cellular elements, help integrate behavioral, physiological, pharmacological and connectome findings into a more comprehensive understanding of an efficient learning and memory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naama Stern‐Mentch
- Department of Neurobiology, Silberman Institute of Life SciencesHebrew UniversityJerusalemIsrael
| | - Gabrielle Winters Bostwick
- Department of Neuroscience and McKnight Brain Institute, and Whitney Laboratory for Marine BioscienceUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Ocean Genome Atlas ProjectSan FranciscoUSA
| | - Michael Belenky
- Department of Neurobiology, Silberman Institute of Life SciencesHebrew UniversityJerusalemIsrael
| | - Leonid Moroz
- Department of Neuroscience and McKnight Brain Institute, and Whitney Laboratory for Marine BioscienceUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Binyamin Hochner
- Department of Neurobiology, Silberman Institute of Life SciencesHebrew UniversityJerusalemIsrael
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Gil-Lievana E, Ramírez-Mejía G, Urrego-Morales O, Luis-Islas J, Gutierrez R, Bermúdez-Rattoni F. Photostimulation of Ventral Tegmental Area-Insular Cortex Dopaminergic Inputs Enhances the Salience to Consolidate Aversive Taste Recognition Memory via D1-Like Receptors. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:823220. [PMID: 35360496 PMCID: PMC8962201 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.823220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste memory involves storing information through plasticity changes in the neural network of taste, including the insular cortex (IC) and ventral tegmental area (VTA), a critical provider of dopamine. Although a VTA-IC dopaminergic pathway has been demonstrated, its role to consolidate taste recognition memory remains poorly understood. We found that photostimulation of dopaminergic neurons in the VTA or VTA-IC dopaminergic terminals of TH-Cre mice improves the salience to consolidate a subthreshold novel taste stimulus regardless of its hedonic value, without altering their taste palatability. Importantly, the inhibition of the D1-like receptor into the IC impairs the salience to facilitate consolidation of an aversive taste recognition memory. Finally, our results showed that VTA photostimulation improves the salience to consolidate a conditioned taste aversion memory through the D1-like receptor into the IC. It is concluded that the dopamine activity from the VTA into IC is required to increase the salience enabling the consolidation of a taste recognition memory. Notably, the D1-like receptor activity into the IC is required to consolidate both innate and learned aversive taste memories but not appetitive taste memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvi Gil-Lievana
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, División de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Ramírez-Mejía
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, División de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oscar Urrego-Morales
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, División de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Luis-Islas
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Appetitive, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ranier Gutierrez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Appetitive, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Federico Bermúdez-Rattoni
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, División de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Federico Bermúdez-Rattoni,
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10
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Rusheen AE, Gee TA, Jang DP, Blaha CD, Bennet KE, Lee KH, Heien ML, Oh Y. Evaluation of electrochemical methods for tonic dopamine detection in vivo. Trends Analyt Chem 2020; 132:116049. [PMID: 33597790 PMCID: PMC7885180 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction in dopaminergic neuronal systems underlie a number of neurologic and psychiatric disorders such as Parkinson's disease, drug addiction, and schizophrenia. Dopamine systems communicate via two mechanisms, a fast "phasic" release (sub-second to second) that is related to salient stimuli and a slower "tonic" release (minutes to hours) that regulates receptor tone. Alterations in tonic levels are thought to be more critically important in enabling normal motor, cognitive, and motivational functions, and dysregulation in tonic dopamine levels are associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Therefore, development of neurochemical recording techniques that enable rapid, selective, and quantitative measurements of changes in tonic extracellular levels are essential in determining the role of dopamine in both normal and disease states. Here, we review state-of-the-art advanced analytical techniques for in vivo detection of tonic levels, with special focus on electrochemical techniques for detection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron E. Rusheen
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States
| | - Taylor A. Gee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Dong P. Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Charles D. Blaha
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States
| | - Kevin E. Bennet
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States
- Division of Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States
| | - Kendall H. Lee
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States
| | - Michael L. Heien
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Yoonbae Oh
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States
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Concomitant D1 and D2 dopamine receptor agonist infusion in prelimbic cortex is required to foster extinction of amphetamine-induced conditioned place preference. Behav Brain Res 2020; 392:112716. [PMID: 32479855 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) in medial prefrontal cortex is crucial in extinction of aversive or appetitive experiences. Although attention has been mostly focused on the infralimbic area of prefrontal cortex, a role of the prelimbic (PL) area has been envisaged pointing to DA transmission in the extinction of drug conditioned behavior. Evidence shows that DA exerts its action also via both D1 and D2 receptor subtypes. Here we investigated the effects of D1 and D2 receptor agonist microinfusion in the PL cortex of C57BL/6J mice on expression and extinction of amphetamine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP), in order to ascertain the effects of selective vs concomitant receptor subtypes stimulation. SKF38393 and Quinpirole were used at doses not impairing expression of amphetamine-induced CPP on the day of infusion. Acute infusion of each agonist alone did not affect extinction in subsequent days in comparison with Vehicle-treated mice, while concomitant infusion of both agonists produced a clear-cut advance of extinction of preference for the compartment previously paired with amphetamine. These results show that concomitant stimulation of D1 and D2 receptors in PL is required to foster extinction suggesting a synergic action between receptors or a heteromeric receptor involvement.
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12
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Sadeghian A, Salari Z, Azizi H, Raoufy MR, Shojaei A, Kosarmadar N, Zare M, Rezaei M, Barkley V, Javan M, Fathollahi Y, Mirnajafi-Zadeh J. The role of dopamine D 2-like receptors in a "depotentiation-like effect" of deep brain stimulation in kindled rats. Brain Res 2020; 1738:146820. [PMID: 32251663 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms involved in the anti-seizure effects of low-frequency stimulation (LFS) have not been completely determined. However, Gi-protein-coupled receptors, including D2-like receptors, may have a role in mediating these effects. In the present study, the role of D2-like receptors in LFS' anti-seizure action was investigated. Rats were kindled with semi-rapid (6 stimulations per day), electrical stimulation of the hippocampal CA1 area. In LFS-treated groups, subjects received four trials of LFS at 5 min, 6 h, 24 h, and 30 h following the last kindling stimulation. Each LFS set occurred at 5 min intervals, and consisted of 4 trains. Each train contained 200, 0/1 ms long, monophasic square wave pulses at 1 Hz. Haloperidol (D2-like receptors antagonist, 2 µm) and/or bromocriptine (D2-like receptors agonist 2 µg/µlit) were microinjected into the lateral ventricle immediately after the last kindling, before applying LFS. Obtained results showed that applying LFS in fully-kindled subjects led to a depotentiation-like decrease in kindling-induced potentiation and reduced the amplitude and rise slope of excitatory and inhibitory post-synaptic currents in whole-cell recordings from CA1 pyramidal neurons. In addition, LFS restored the kindling-induced, spatial learning and memory impairments in the Barnes maze test. A D2-like receptor antagonist inhibited these effects of LFS, while a D2-like receptor agonist mimicked these effects. In conclusion, a depotentiation-like mechanism may be involved in restoring LFS' effects on learning and memory, and synaptic plasticity. These effects depend on D2-like receptors activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Sadeghian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Salari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Azizi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Raoufy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Shojaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Kosarmadar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Zare
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rezaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Victoria Barkley
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mohammad Javan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Fathollahi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Gil-Lievana E, Balderas I, Moreno-Castilla P, Luis-Islas J, McDevitt RA, Tecuapetla F, Gutierrez R, Bonci A, Bermúdez-Rattoni F. Glutamatergic basolateral amygdala to anterior insular cortex circuitry maintains rewarding contextual memory. Commun Biol 2020; 3:139. [PMID: 32198461 PMCID: PMC7083952 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0862-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Findings have shown that anterior insular cortex (aIC) lesions disrupt the maintenance of drug addiction, while imaging studies suggest that connections between amygdala and aIC participate in drug-seeking. However, the role of the BLA → aIC pathway in rewarding contextual memory has not been assessed. Using a cre-recombinase under the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH+) promoter mouse model to induce a real-time conditioned place preference (rtCPP), we show that photoactivation of TH+ neurons induced electrophysiological responses in VTA neurons, dopamine release and neuronal modulation in the aIC. Conversely, memory retrieval induced a strong release of glutamate, dopamine, and norepinephrine in the aIC. Only intra-aIC blockade of the glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor accelerated rtCPP extinction. Finally, photoinhibition of glutamatergic BLA → aIC pathway produced disinhibition of local circuits in the aIC, accelerating rtCPP extinction and impairing reinstatement. Thus, activity of the glutamatergic projection from the BLA to the aIC is critical for maintenance of rewarding contextual memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvi Gil-Lievana
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, México City, Mexico
| | - Israela Balderas
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, México City, Mexico
| | - Perla Moreno-Castilla
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, México City, Mexico.,Global Institutes on Addiction, 1221 Brickell Ave, Miami, FL33131, USA
| | - Jorge Luis-Islas
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 07360, México City, Mexico
| | - Ross A McDevitt
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Fatuel Tecuapetla
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, México City, Mexico
| | - Ranier Gutierrez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 07360, México City, Mexico
| | - Antonello Bonci
- Global Institutes on Addiction, 1221 Brickell Ave, Miami, FL33131, USA
| | - Federico Bermúdez-Rattoni
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, México City, Mexico.
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14
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Dysfunctional mesocortical dopamine circuit at pre-adolescence is associated to aggressive behavior in MAO-A hypomorphic mice exposed to early life stress. Neuropharmacology 2019; 159:107517. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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15
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Neuromodulators and Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity in Learning and Memory: A Steered-Glutamatergic Perspective. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9110300. [PMID: 31683595 PMCID: PMC6896105 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9110300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular pathways underlying the induction and maintenance of long-term synaptic plasticity have been extensively investigated revealing various mechanisms by which neurons control their synaptic strength. The dynamic nature of neuronal connections combined with plasticity-mediated long-lasting structural and functional alterations provide valuable insights into neuronal encoding processes as molecular substrates of not only learning and memory but potentially other sensory, motor and behavioural functions that reflect previous experience. However, one key element receiving little attention in the study of synaptic plasticity is the role of neuromodulators, which are known to orchestrate neuronal activity on brain-wide, network and synaptic scales. We aim to review current evidence on the mechanisms by which certain modulators, namely dopamine, acetylcholine, noradrenaline and serotonin, control synaptic plasticity induction through corresponding metabotropic receptors in a pathway-specific manner. Lastly, we propose that neuromodulators control plasticity outcomes through steering glutamatergic transmission, thereby gating its induction and maintenance.
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16
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Kang S, Cox CL, Gulley JM. High frequency stimulation-induced plasticity in the prelimbic cortex of rats emerges during adolescent development and is associated with an increase in dopamine receptor function. Neuropharmacology 2018; 141:158-166. [PMID: 30165079 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies in rats suggest that high frequency stimulation (HFS) in the ventral hippocampus induces long-term depression (LTD) in the deep layer of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), but only after the prefrontal GABA system has sufficiently developed during early-to mid-adolescence. It is not clear whether this LTD is specific to the hippocampus-mPFC circuit or is instead an intrinsitc regulatory mechanism for the developed mPFC neuro-network. The potential mechanisms underlying this HFS-induced LTD are also largely unknown. In the current study, naïve male Sprague Dawley rats were sacrificed during peri-adolescence or young adulthood for in vitro extracellular recording to determine if HFS delivered in the prelimbic cortex (PLC) would induce LTD in an age-dependent manner and if dopamine receptors are involved in the expression of this LTD. We found four trains of stimulation at 50 Hz induced an LTD in the PFC of adult, but not peri-adolescent, rats. This LTD required intact GABAA receptor functioning and could also be blocked by dopamine D1 or D2 receptor antagonists. Bath application of selective D1 or D2 receptor agonists produced a significant facilitation or suppression in the field potential, respectively, and these effects were only observed in the adult PLC. Furthermore, neither D1 nor D2 stimualtion prior to HFS was able to facilitate LTD in the peri-adolescent PLC. Together, these results suggest dopamine receptor functionality in the PLC increases during adolescent development and it plays an important role in this late-maturating form of plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Kang
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Charles L Cox
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA.
| | - Joshua M Gulley
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA; Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA.
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17
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Shikanai H, Oshima N, Kawashima H, Kimura SI, Hiraide S, Togashi H, Iizuka K, Ohkura K, Izumi T. N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat/Ezo as a rat model of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2018; 38:61-66. [PMID: 30106260 PMCID: PMC7292284 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We previously reported that stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat/Ezo (SHRSP/Ezo) has high validity as an attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) animal model, based on its behavioral phenotypes, such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Fronto-cortical dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of AD/HD. In this study, we investigated prefrontal cortex (PFC) function in SHRSP/Ezo rats by electrophysiological methods and radioreceptor assay. METHODS We recorded excitatory postsynaptic potential in layer V pyramidal neurons in the PFC by intracellular recording method to assess synaptic plasticity in the form of long-term potentiation (LTP). We also performed N-methyl-d-aspartate acid (NMDA) receptor binding assay in the PFC and hippocampus using radiolabeled NMDA receptor antagonist [3 H]MK-801. RESULTS Theta-burst stimulation induced LTP in the PFC of genetic control, WKY/Ezo, whereas failed to induce LTP in that of SHRSP/Ezo. The Kd value of [3 H]MK-801 binding for NMDA receptors in the PFC of SHRSP/Ezo was higher than in the WKY/Ezo. Neither the Bmax nor Kd of [3 H]MK-801 binding in the SHRSP/Ezo hippocampus was significantly different to WKY/Ezo. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the AD/HD animal model SHRSP/Ezo has NMDA receptor dysfunction in the PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Shikanai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Oshima
- Department of Biophysical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Kawashima
- Department of Biophysical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Kimura
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Sachiko Hiraide
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Hiroko Togashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Kenji Iizuka
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Kazue Ohkura
- Department of Biophysical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izumi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
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18
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Leyrer‐Jackson JM, Thomas MP. Layer-specific effects of dopaminergic D1 receptor activation on excitatory synaptic trains in layer V mouse prefrontal cortical pyramidal cells. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13806. [PMID: 30073790 PMCID: PMC6072891 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, executive functions (e.g., working memory [WM]) are mediated in part by prefrontal cortical areas (PFC), where ventromedial areas may be homologous to ventromedial areas (mPFC) in rodents. Many executive functions are critically dependent on optimal dopamine levels within the PFC; however, our understanding of the role of dopamine in modulating PFC-mediated tasks is incomplete. Stable patterns of neuronal activity have been associated with WM processes, and recurrent excitatory synaptic activity has been proposed to play a role in this sustained activity. This excitatory activity may be regulated in a frequency-dependent manner. Thus, we examined the effects of dopamine D1-like receptor (D1R) activation on short-term excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) dynamics in two subtypes of mouse layer V mPFC pyramidal neurons by varying evoked train frequency from 10 to 50 Hz. We isolated non-NMDA receptor (non-NMDAR) and NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-mediated components of EPSP trains, which were evoked by stimulating fibers located either within layer V or layer I of the mPFC. Interestingly, no differences in the effects of D1R activation were observed between subcortically projecting (PT or pyramidal tract) and contralaterally projecting (IT or intratelencephalic) layer V pyramidal cells. However, we found that D1R activation had layer-specific effects on NMDAR- and non-NMDAR-mediated EPSP trains: while D1R activation increased the amplitude of both components with layer V stimulation, with layer I stimulation D1R activation had no effect on non-NMDAR-mediated EPSP trains but decreased the amplitude of NMDAR-mediated EPSP trains. Our results suggest that dopamine, acting at D1-like receptors, increases the influence of local inputs from other layer V pyramidal cells, but may restrict the influence of layer I (tuft) inputs. Our demonstration of differential D1R regulation of excitatory synaptic dynamics in distinct compartments of mPFC layer V neurons may provide another important aspect linking cellular mechanisms of dopaminergic modulation to PFC network functioning, and ultimately to executive functions such as working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonna M. Leyrer‐Jackson
- University of NorthernColorado School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Northern ColoradoGreeleyColorado
| | - Mark P. Thomas
- University of NorthernColorado School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Northern ColoradoGreeleyColorado
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19
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Stolyarova A. Solving the Credit Assignment Problem With the Prefrontal Cortex. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:182. [PMID: 29636659 PMCID: PMC5881225 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In naturalistic multi-cue and multi-step learning tasks, where outcomes of behavior are delayed in time, discovering which choices are responsible for rewards can present a challenge, known as the credit assignment problem. In this review, I summarize recent work that highlighted a critical role for the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in assigning credit where it is due in tasks where only a few of the multitude of cues or choices are relevant to the final outcome of behavior. Collectively, these investigations have provided compelling support for specialized roles of the orbitofrontal (OFC), anterior cingulate (ACC), and dorsolateral prefrontal (dlPFC) cortices in contingent learning. However, recent work has similarly revealed shared contributions and emphasized rich and heterogeneous response properties of neurons in these brain regions. Such functional overlap is not surprising given the complexity of reciprocal projections spanning the PFC. In the concluding section, I overview the evidence suggesting that the OFC, ACC and dlPFC communicate extensively, sharing the information about presented options, executed decisions and received rewards, which enables them to assign credit for outcomes to choices on which they are contingent. This account suggests that lesion or inactivation/inhibition experiments targeting a localized PFC subregion will be insufficient to gain a fine-grained understanding of credit assignment during learning and instead poses refined questions for future research, shifting the focus from focal manipulations to experimental techniques targeting cortico-cortical projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Stolyarova
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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20
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Konstantoudaki X, Chalkiadaki K, Vasileiou E, Kalemaki K, Karagogeos D, Sidiropoulou K. Prefrontal cortical-specific differences in behavior and synaptic plasticity between adolescent and adult mice. J Neurophysiol 2018; 119:822-833. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00189.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a highly vulnerable period for the emergence of major neuropsychological disorders and is characterized by decreased cognitive control and increased risk-taking behavior and novelty-seeking. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved in the cognitive control of impulsive and risky behavior. Although the PFC is known to reach maturation later than other cortical areas, little information is available regarding the functional changes from adolescence to adulthood in PFC, particularly compared with other primary cortical areas. This study aims to understand the development of PFC-mediated, compared with non-PFC-mediated, cognitive functions. Toward this aim, we performed cognitive behavioral tasks in adolescent and adult mice and subsequently investigated synaptic plasticity in two different cortical areas. Our results showed that adolescent mice exhibit impaired performance in PFC-dependent cognitive tasks compared with adult mice, whereas their performance in non-PFC-dependent tasks is similar to that of adults. Furthermore, adolescent mice exhibited decreased long-term potentiation (LTP) within upper-layer synapses of the PFC but not the barrel cortex. Blocking GABAA receptor function significantly augments LTP in both the adolescent and adult PFC. No change in intrinsic excitability of PFC pyramidal neurons was observed between adolescent and adult mice. Finally, increased expression of the NR2A subunit of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors is found only in the adult PFC, a change that could underlie the emergence of LTP. In conclusion, our results demonstrate physiological and behavioral changes during adolescence that are specific to the PFC and could underlie the reduced cognitive control in adolescents. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study reports that adolescent mice exhibit impaired performance in cognitive functions dependent on the prefrontal cortex but not in cognitive functions dependent on other cortical regions. The current results propose reduced synaptic plasticity in the upper layers of the prefrontal cortex as a cellular correlate of this weakened cognitive function. This decreased synaptic plasticity is due to reduced N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor expression but not due to dampened intrinsic excitability or enhanced GABAergic signaling during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Katerina Kalemaki
- Division of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology – Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Domna Karagogeos
- Division of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology – Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
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21
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Wang ZY, Lian H, Zhou L, Zhang YM, Cai QQ, Zheng LF, Zhu JX. Altered Expression of D1 and D2 Dopamine Receptors in Vagal Neurons Innervating the Gastric Muscularis Externa in a Parkinson's Disease Rat Model. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2017; 6:317-23. [PMID: 27164043 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-160817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by dopaminergic neuron degeneration in the substantia nigra (SN) accompanied by pathology of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). Gastroparesis is a common non-motor system symptom of PD in patients and in animal models. However, the underlying mechanism of this symptom is not clear. We previously reported on the expression of enhanced tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and decreased choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the DMV of a PD animal model and colocalization of TH and ChAT with the dopamine receptors D1 and D2. We hypothesize that these receptors might contribute to the delayed gastric emptying observed in PD. OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution of D1 and D2 in gastric-projecting DMV neurons and alteration of their distribution in a PD rat model. METHODS Retrograde tracing, double-labeling immunofluorescence techniques and western blotting were used. RESULTS After injection of the retrograde tracer fluoro-gold (FG) into the gastric wall, FG-labeled gastric-projecting motoneurons were observed in the caudal and rostral parts of the DMV, and neurons with D1-, D2- and ChAT- immunoreactivity (IR) were widely colocalized in the DMV. Many TH-IR fibers were observed around the D1- and D2-IR neurons. Moreover, decreased D1 and enhanced D2 expression in the DMV was observed in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rats that were treated with a bilateral microinjection of 6-OHDA in the SN. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that dopamine receptors might affect the activity of gastric-projecting neurons in the DMV, their altered expression may contribute to the gastroparesis observed in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yong Wang
- Key Lab for Medical Tissue Regeneration of Henan Province, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hui Lian
- Key Lab for Medical Tissue Regeneration of Henan Province, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Lab for Medical Tissue Regeneration of Henan Province, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yi-Min Zhang
- Key Lab for Medical Tissue Regeneration of Henan Province, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qing-Qing Cai
- Key Lab for Medical Tissue Regeneration of Henan Province, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Li-Fei Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Xia Zhu
- Key Lab for Medical Tissue Regeneration of Henan Province, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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22
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Matsumoto Y, Niwa M, Mouri A, Noda Y, Fukushima T, Ozaki N, Nabeshima T. Adolescent stress leads to glutamatergic disturbance through dopaminergic abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex of genetically vulnerable mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:3055-3074. [PMID: 28756461 PMCID: PMC8034555 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4704-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress during the adolescent period influences postnatal maturation and behavioral patterns in adulthood. Adolescent stress-induced molecular and functional changes in neurons are the key clinical features of psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we exposed genetically vulnerable mice to isolation stress to examine the molecular changes in the glutamatergic system involving N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors via dopaminergic disturbance in the prefrontal cortex (PFc). RESULTS We report that late adolescent stress in combination with Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) genetic risk elicited alterations in glutamatergic neurons in the PFc, such as increased expression of glutamate transporters, decreased extracellular levels of glutamate, decreased concentration of d-serine, and impaired activation of NMDA-Ca2+/calmodulin kinase II signaling. These changes resulted in behavioral deficits in locomotor activity, forced swim, social interaction, and novelty preference tests. The glutamatergic alterations in the PFc were prevented if the animals were treated with an atypical antipsychotic drug clozapine and a dopamine D1 agonist SKF81297, which suggests that the activation of dopaminergic neurons is involved in the regulation of the glutamatergic system. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that adolescent stress combined with dopaminergic abnormalities in the PFc of genetically vulnerable mice induces glutamatergic disturbances, which leads to behavioral deficits in the young adult stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurie Matsumoto
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meijo University, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Minae Niwa
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meijo University, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan.
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | - Akihiro Mouri
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meijo University, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University, Graduate School of Health Science, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
- NPO Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Nagoya, 468-0069, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Noda
- NPO Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Nagoya, 468-0069, Japan
- Division of Clinical Sciences and Neuropsychopharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukushima
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Toho University, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meijo University, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan.
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University, Graduate School of Health Science, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan.
- NPO Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Nagoya, 468-0069, Japan.
- Aino University, Ibaragi, Osaka, 567-0012, Japan.
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23
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Holca-Lamarre R, Lücke J, Obermayer K. Models of Acetylcholine and Dopamine Signals Differentially Improve Neural Representations. Front Comput Neurosci 2017; 11:54. [PMID: 28690509 PMCID: PMC5479899 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2017.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological and artificial neural networks (ANNs) represent input signals as patterns of neural activity. In biology, neuromodulators can trigger important reorganizations of these neural representations. For instance, pairing a stimulus with the release of either acetylcholine (ACh) or dopamine (DA) evokes long lasting increases in the responses of neurons to the paired stimulus. The functional roles of ACh and DA in rearranging representations remain largely unknown. Here, we address this question using a Hebbian-learning neural network model. Our aim is both to gain a functional understanding of ACh and DA transmission in shaping biological representations and to explore neuromodulator-inspired learning rules for ANNs. We model the effects of ACh and DA on synaptic plasticity and confirm that stimuli coinciding with greater neuromodulator activation are over represented in the network. We then simulate the physiological release schedules of ACh and DA. We measure the impact of neuromodulator release on the network's representation and on its performance on a classification task. We find that ACh and DA trigger distinct changes in neural representations that both improve performance. The putative ACh signal redistributes neural preferences so that more neurons encode stimulus classes that are challenging for the network. The putative DA signal adapts synaptic weights so that they better match the classes of the task at hand. Our model thus offers a functional explanation for the effects of ACh and DA on cortical representations. Additionally, our learning algorithm yields performances comparable to those of state-of-the-art optimisation methods in multi-layer perceptrons while requiring weaker supervision signals and interacting with synaptically-local weight updates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Holca-Lamarre
- Neural Information Processing Group, Fakultät IV, Technische Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational NeuroscienceBerlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Lücke
- Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all and Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgOldenburg, Germany
- Machine Learning Lab, Department of Medical Physics and Acoustics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgOldenburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Obermayer
- Neural Information Processing Group, Fakultät IV, Technische Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational NeuroscienceBerlin, Germany
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24
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Meunier CNJ, Chameau P, Fossier PM. Modulation of Synaptic Plasticity in the Cortex Needs to Understand All the Players. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2017; 9:2. [PMID: 28203201 PMCID: PMC5285384 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2017.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved in cognitive tasks such as working memory, decision making, risk assessment and regulation of attention. These functions performed by the PFC are supposed to rely on rhythmic electrical activity generated by neuronal network oscillations determined by a precise balance between excitation and inhibition balance (E/I balance) resulting from the coordinated activities of recurrent excitation and feedback and feedforward inhibition. Functional alterations in PFC functions have been associated with cognitive deficits in several pathologies such as major depression, anxiety and schizophrenia. These pathological situations are correlated with alterations of different neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), acetylcholine…) that result in alterations of the E/I balance. The aim of this review article is to cover the basic aspects of the regulation of the E/I balance as well as to highlight the importance of the complementarity role of several neurotransmitters in the modulation of the plasticity of excitatory and inhibitory synapses. We illustrate our purpose by recent findings that demonstrate that 5-HT and DA cooperate to regulate the plasticity of excitatory and inhibitory synapses targeting layer 5 pyramidal neurons (L5PyNs) of the PFC and to fine tune the E/I balance. Using a method based on the decomposition of the synaptic conductance into its excitatory and inhibitory components, we show that concomitant activation of D1-like receptors (D1Rs) and 5-HT1ARs, through a modulation of NMDA receptors, favors long term potentiation (LTP) of both excitation and inhibition and consequently does not modify the E/I balance. We also demonstrate that activation of D2-receptors requires functional 5-HT1ARs to shift the E-I balance towards more inhibition and to favor long term depression (LTD) of excitatory synapses through the activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). This cooperation between different neurotransmitters is particularly relevant in view of pathological situations in which alterations of one neurotransmitter system will also have consequences on the regulation of synaptic efficacy by other neurotransmitters. This opens up new perspectives in the development of therapeutic strategies for the pharmacological treatment of neuronal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire N J Meunier
- Institut de Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (NeuroPSI), UMR 91197 CNRS-Université Paris-Saclay Paris, France
| | - Pascal Chameau
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for NeuroScience, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Philippe M Fossier
- Institut de Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (NeuroPSI), UMR 91197 CNRS-Université Paris-Saclay Paris, France
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25
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Spike-timing-dependent plasticity in the human dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex. Neuroimage 2016; 143:204-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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26
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Lack of GSK3β activation and modulation of synaptic plasticity by dopamine in 5-HT1A-receptor KO mice. Neuropharmacology 2016; 113:124-136. [PMID: 27678414 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are associated with excitation-inhibition (E-I) balance impairment in the prefrontal cortex. However, how the E-I balance is regulated is poorly known. The E-I balance of neuronal networks is linked to the action of numerous neuromodulators such as dopamine and 5-HT. We investigated the role of D2-receptors in tuning the E-I balance in a mouse model of anxiety, the 5-HT1A-receptor KO mice. We focused on synaptic plasticity of excitation and inhibition on layer 5 pyramidal neurons. We show that D2-receptor activation decreases the excitation and favors HFS-induced LTD of excitatory synapses via the activation of GSK3β. This effect is absent in 5-HT1A-receptor KO mice. Our data show that the fine control of excitatory transmission by GSK3β requires recruitment of D2-receptors and depends on the presence of 5-HT1A-receptors. In psychiatric disorders in which the number of 5-HT1A-receptors decreased, therapies should reconsider how serotonin and dopamine receptors interact and control neuronal network activity.
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27
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Regulation of Nociceptive Plasticity Threshold and DARPP-32 Phosphorylation in Spinal Dorsal Horn Neurons by Convergent Dopamine and Glutamate Inputs. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162416. [PMID: 27610622 PMCID: PMC5017751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine can influence NMDA receptor function and regulate glutamate-triggered long-term changes in synaptic strength in several regions of the CNS. In spinal cord, regulation of the threshold of synaptic plasticity may determine the proneness to undergo sensitization and hyperresponsiveness to noxious input. In the current study, we increased endogenous dopamine levels in the dorsal horn by using re-uptake inhibitor GBR 12935. During the so-induced hyperdopaminergic transmission, conditioning low-frequency (1 Hz) stimulation (LFS) to the sciatic nerve induced long-term potentiation (LTP) of C-fiber-evoked potentials in dorsal horn neurons. The magnitude of LTP was attenuated by blockade of either dopamine D1-like receptors (D1LRs) by with SCH 23390 or NMDA receptor subunit NR2B with antagonist Ro25-6981. Conditioning LFS during GBR 12935 administration increased phosphorylation of dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of Mr 32kDa (DARPP-32) at threonine 34 residue in synaptosomal (P3) fraction of dorsal horn homogenates, as assessed by Western blot analysis, which was partially prevented by NR2B blockade prior to conditioning stimulation. Conditioning LFS also was followed by higher co-localization of phosphorylated form of NR2B at tyrosine 1472 and pDARPP-32Thr34- with postsynaptic marker PSD-95 in transverse L5 dorsal horn sections. Such increase could be significantly attenuated by D1LR blockade with SCH 23390. The current results support that coincidental endogenous recruitment of D1LRs and NR2B in dorsal horn synapses plays a role in regulating afferent-induced nociceptive plasticity. Parallel increases in DARPP-32 phosphorylation upon LTP induction suggests a role for this phosphoprotein as intracellular detector of convergent D1L- and NMDA receptor activation.
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28
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Moreno-Castilla P, Rodriguez-Duran LF, Guzman-Ramos K, Barcenas-Femat A, Escobar ML, Bermudez-Rattoni F. Dopaminergic neurotransmission dysfunction induced by amyloid-β transforms cortical long-term potentiation into long-term depression and produces memory impairment. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 41:187-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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29
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Konstantoudaki X, Chalkiadaki K, Tivodar S, Karagogeos D, Sidiropoulou K. Impaired synaptic plasticity in the prefrontal cortex of mice with developmentally decreased number of interneurons. Neuroscience 2016; 322:333-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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30
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Negrón-Oyarzo I, Aboitiz F, Fuentealba P. Impaired Functional Connectivity in the Prefrontal Cortex: A Mechanism for Chronic Stress-Induced Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:7539065. [PMID: 26904302 PMCID: PMC4745936 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7539065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress-related psychiatric diseases, such as major depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and schizophrenia, are characterized by a maladaptive organization of behavioral responses that strongly affect the well-being of patients. Current evidence suggests that a functional impairment of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is implicated in the pathophysiology of these diseases. Therefore, chronic stress may impair PFC functions required for the adaptive orchestration of behavioral responses. In the present review, we integrate evidence obtained from cognitive neuroscience with neurophysiological research with animal models, to put forward a hypothesis that addresses stress-induced behavioral dysfunctions observed in stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders. We propose that chronic stress impairs mechanisms involved in neuronal functional connectivity in the PFC that are required for the formation of adaptive representations for the execution of adaptive behavioral responses. These considerations could be particularly relevant for understanding the pathophysiology of chronic stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Negrón-Oyarzo
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Marcoleta No. 391, 8320000 Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Aboitiz
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Marcoleta No. 391, 8320000 Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Fuentealba
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Marcoleta No. 391, 8320000 Santiago, Chile
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31
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Abstract
New sensory stimuli can be learned with a single or a few presentations. Similarly, the responses of cortical neurons to a stimulus have been shown to increase reliably after just a few repetitions. Long-term memory is thought to be mediated by synaptic plasticity, but in vitro experiments in cortical cells typically show very small changes in synaptic strength after a pair of presynaptic and postsynaptic spikes. Thus, it is traditionally thought that fast learning requires stronger synaptic changes, possibly because of neuromodulation. Here we show theoretically that weak synaptic plasticity can, in fact, support fast learning, because of the large number of synapses N onto a cortical neuron. In the fluctuation-driven regime characteristic of cortical neurons in vivo, the size of membrane potential fluctuations grows only as √N, whereas a single output spike leads to potentiation of a number of synapses proportional to N. Therefore, the relative effect of a single spike on synaptic potentiation grows as √N. This leverage effect requires precise spike timing. Thus, the large number of synapses onto cortical neurons allows fast learning with very small synaptic changes. Significance statement: Long-term memory is thought to rely on the strengthening of coactive synapses. This physiological mechanism is generally considered to be very gradual, and yet new sensory stimuli can be learned with just a few presentations. Here we show theoretically that this apparent paradox can be solved when there is a tight balance between excitatory and inhibitory input. In this case, small synaptic modifications applied to the many synapses onto a given neuron disrupt that balance and produce a large effect even for modifications induced by a single stimulus. This effect makes fast learning possible with small synaptic changes and reconciles physiological and behavioral observations.
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32
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Abstract
Dopamine, a prominent neuromodulator, is implicated in many neuropsychiatric disorders. It has wide-ranging effects on both cortical and subcortical brain regions and on many types of cognitive tasks that rely on a variety of different learning and memory systems. As neuroscience and behavioral evidence for the existence of multiple memory systems and their corresponding neural networks accumulated, so did the notion that dopamine's role is markedly different depending on which memory system is engaged. As a result, dopamine-directed treatments will have different effects on different types of cognitive behaviors. To predict what these effects will be, it is critical to understand: which memory system is mediating the behavior; the neural basis of the mediating memory system; the nature of the dopamine projections into that system; and the time course of dopamine after its release into the relevant brain regions. Consideration of these questions leads to different predictions for how changes in brain dopamine levels will affect automatic behaviors and behaviors mediated by declarative, procedural, and perceptual representation memory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gregory Ashby
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Vivian V Valentin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Stella S von Meer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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33
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Abstract
Rewards are crucial objects that induce learning, approach behavior, choices, and emotions. Whereas emotions are difficult to investigate in animals, the learning function is mediated by neuronal reward prediction error signals which implement basic constructs of reinforcement learning theory. These signals are found in dopamine neurons, which emit a global reward signal to striatum and frontal cortex, and in specific neurons in striatum, amygdala, and frontal cortex projecting to select neuronal populations. The approach and choice functions involve subjective value, which is objectively assessed by behavioral choices eliciting internal, subjective reward preferences. Utility is the formal mathematical characterization of subjective value and a prime decision variable in economic choice theory. It is coded as utility prediction error by phasic dopamine responses. Utility can incorporate various influences, including risk, delay, effort, and social interaction. Appropriate for formal decision mechanisms, rewards are coded as object value, action value, difference value, and chosen value by specific neurons. Although all reward, reinforcement, and decision variables are theoretical constructs, their neuronal signals constitute measurable physical implementations and as such confirm the validity of these concepts. The neuronal reward signals provide guidance for behavior while constraining the free will to act.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Schultz
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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34
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Function and developmental origin of a mesocortical inhibitory circuit. Nat Neurosci 2015; 18:872-82. [DOI: 10.1038/nn.4020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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35
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Rioult-Pedotti MS, Pekanovic A, Atiemo CO, Marshall J, Luft AR. Dopamine Promotes Motor Cortex Plasticity and Motor Skill Learning via PLC Activation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124986. [PMID: 25938462 PMCID: PMC4418826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area, the major midbrain nucleus projecting to the motor cortex, play a key role in motor skill learning and motor cortex synaptic plasticity. Dopamine D1 and D2 receptor antagonists exert parallel effects in the motor system: they impair motor skill learning and reduce long-term potentiation. Traditionally, D1 and D2 receptor modulate adenylyl cyclase activity and cyclic adenosine monophosphate accumulation in opposite directions via different G-proteins and bidirectionally modulate protein kinase A (PKA), leading to distinct physiological and behavioral effects. Here we show that D1 and D2 receptor activity influences motor skill acquisition and long term synaptic potentiation via phospholipase C (PLC) activation in rat primary motor cortex. Learning a new forelimb reaching task is severely impaired in the presence of PLC, but not PKA-inhibitor. Similarly, long term potentiation in motor cortex, a mechanism involved in motor skill learning, is reduced when PLC is inhibited but remains unaffected by the PKA inhibitor. Skill learning deficits and reduced synaptic plasticity caused by dopamine antagonists are prevented by co-administration of a PLC agonist. These results provide evidence for a role of intracellular PLC signaling in motor skill learning and associated cortical synaptic plasticity, challenging the traditional view of bidirectional modulation of PKA by D1 and D2 receptors. These findings reveal a novel and important action of dopamine in motor cortex that might be a future target for selective therapeutic interventions to support learning and recovery of movement resulting from injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengia-Seraina Rioult-Pedotti
- Clinical Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neurology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Rehabilitation Initiative and Technology Center Zurich (RITZ), Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ana Pekanovic
- Clinical Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neurology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Rehabilitation Initiative and Technology Center Zurich (RITZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Clement Osei Atiemo
- Clinical Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neurology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Rehabilitation Initiative and Technology Center Zurich (RITZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - John Marshall
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Andreas Rüdiger Luft
- Clinical Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neurology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Rehabilitation Initiative and Technology Center Zurich (RITZ), Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Vascular Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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36
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Otani S, Bai J, Blot K. Dopaminergic modulation of synaptic plasticity in rat prefrontal neurons. Neurosci Bull 2015; 31:183-90. [PMID: 25822215 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-014-1507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is thought to store the traces for a type of long-term memory - the abstract memory that determines the temporal structure of behavior often termed a "rule" or "strategy". Long-term synaptic plasticity might serve as an underlying cellular mechanism for this type of memory. We therefore studied the induction of synaptic plasticity in rat PFC neurons, maintained in vitro, with special emphasis on the functionally important neuromodulator dopamine. First, the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) was facilitated in the presence of tonic/background dopamine in the bath, and the dose-dependency of this background dopamine followed an "inverted-U" function, where too high or too low dopamine levels could not facilitate LTP. Second, the induction of long-term depression (LTD) by low-frequency stimuli appeared to be independent of background dopamine, but required endogenous, phasically-released dopamine during the stimuli. Blockade of dopamine receptors during the stimuli and exaggeration of the effect of this endogenously-released dopamine by inhibition of dopamine transporter activity both blocked LTD. Thus, LTD induction also followed an inverted-U function in its dopamine-dependency. We conclude that PFC synaptic plasticity is powerfully modulated by dopamine through inverted-U-shaped dose-dependency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Otani
- Center for Medical Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ryotokuji University, Chiba, Japan,
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37
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Salavati B, Rajji TK, Price R, Sun Y, Graff-Guerrero A, Daskalakis ZJ. Imaging-based neurochemistry in schizophrenia: a systematic review and implications for dysfunctional long-term potentiation. Schizophr Bull 2015; 41:44-56. [PMID: 25249654 PMCID: PMC4266301 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbu132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are commonly observed in patients with schizophrenia. Converging lines of evidence suggest that these deficits are associated with impaired long-term potentiation (LTP). In our systematic review, this hypothesis is evaluated using neuroimaging literature focused on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, positron emission tomography, and single-photon emission computed tomography. The review provides evidence for abnormal dopaminergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic neurotransmission in antipsychotic-naive/free patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy controls. The review concludes with a model illustrating how these abnormalities could lead to impaired LTP in patients with schizophrenia and consequently cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Salavati
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;,Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tarek K. Rajji
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed; 80 Workman Way, Room 6312, Toronto, Ontario M6J 1H4, Canada; tel: +1 416 535 8501 x 33661; fax: +1 416 583 1307; e-mail:
| | - Rae Price
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;,Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yinming Sun
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zafiris J. Daskalakis
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;,Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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38
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Otani S. [Pharmacological mechanisms of long-term synaptic plasticity inductions in prefrontal neurons]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2014; 144:227-233. [PMID: 25381892 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.144.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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39
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Li C, Rainnie DG. Bidirectional regulation of synaptic plasticity in the basolateral amygdala induced by the D1-like family of dopamine receptors and group II metabotropic glutamate receptors. J Physiol 2014; 592:4329-51. [PMID: 25107924 PMCID: PMC4215780 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.277715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Competing mechanisms of long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) in principal neurons of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) are thought to underlie the acquisition and consolidation of fear memories, and their subsequent extinction. However, no study to date has examined the locus of action and/or the cellular mechanism(s) by which these processes interact. Here, we report that synaptic plasticity in the cortical pathway onto BLA principal neurons is frequency-dependent and shows a transition from LTD to LTP at stimulation frequencies of ∼10 Hz. At the crossover point from LTD to LTP induction we show that concurrent activation of D1 and group II metabotropic glutamate (mGluR2/3) receptors act to nullify any net change in synaptic strength. Significantly, blockade of either D1 or mGluR2/3 receptors unmasked 10 Hz stimulation-induced LTD and LTP, respectively. Significantly, prior activation of presynaptic D1 receptors caused a time-dependent attenuation of mGluR2/3-induced depotentiation of previously induced LTP. Furthermore, studies with cell type-specific postsynaptic transgene expression of designer receptors activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) suggest that the interaction results via bidirectional modulation of adenylate cyclase activity in presynaptic glutamatergic terminals. The results of our study raise the possibility that the temporal sequence of activation of either presynaptic D1 receptors or mGluR2/3 receptors may critically regulate the direction of synaptic plasticity in afferent pathways onto BLA principal neurons. Hence, the interaction of these two neurotransmitter systems may represent an important mechanism for bidirectional metaplasticity in BLA circuits and thus modulate the acquisition and extinction of fear memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Li
- Division of Behavioural Neuroscience & Psychiatric Disorders, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Donald G Rainnie
- Division of Behavioural Neuroscience & Psychiatric Disorders, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
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40
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Yagishita S, Hayashi-Takagi A, Ellis-Davies GCR, Urakubo H, Ishii S, Kasai H. A critical time window for dopamine actions on the structural plasticity of dendritic spines. Science 2014; 345:1616-20. [PMID: 25258080 PMCID: PMC4225776 DOI: 10.1126/science.1255514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Animal behaviors are reinforced by subsequent rewards following within a narrow time window. Such reward signals are primarily coded by dopamine, which modulates the synaptic connections of medium spiny neurons in the striatum. The mechanisms of the narrow timing detection, however, remain unknown. Here, we optically stimulated dopaminergic and glutamatergic inputs separately and found that dopamine promoted spine enlargement only during a narrow time window (0.3 to 2 seconds) after the glutamatergic inputs. The temporal contingency was detected by rapid regulation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate in thin distal dendrites, in which protein-kinase A was activated only within the time window because of a high phosphodiesterase activity. Thus, we describe a molecular basis of reinforcement plasticity at the level of single dendritic spines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Yagishita
- Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Akiko Hayashi-Takagi
- Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan. Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | | | - Hidetoshi Urakubo
- Integrated Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Systems Science, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shin Ishii
- Integrated Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Systems Science, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Haruo Kasai
- Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
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41
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Gilmartin MR, Balderston NL, Helmstetter FJ. Prefrontal cortical regulation of fear learning. Trends Neurosci 2014; 37:455-64. [PMID: 24929864 PMCID: PMC4119830 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex regulates the expression of fear based on previously learned information. Recently, this brain area has emerged as being crucial in the initial formation of fear memories, providing new avenues to study the neurobiology underlying aberrant learning in anxiety disorders. Here we review the circumstances under which the prefrontal cortex is recruited in the formation of memory, highlighting relevant work in laboratory animals and human subjects. We propose that the prefrontal cortex facilitates fear memory through the integration of sensory and emotional signals and through the coordination of memory storage in an amygdala-based network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke R Gilmartin
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2441 E. Hartford Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, 561 N 15th Street, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA.
| | - Nicholas L Balderston
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2441 E. Hartford Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Fred J Helmstetter
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2441 E. Hartford Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
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Negrón-Oyarzo I, Neira D, Espinosa N, Fuentealba P, Aboitiz F. Prenatal Stress Produces Persistence of Remote Memory and Disrupts Functional Connectivity in the Hippocampal-Prefrontal Cortex Axis. Cereb Cortex 2014; 25:3132-43. [PMID: 24860018 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhu108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal stress is a risk factor for the development of neuropsychiatric disorders, many of which are commonly characterized by an increased persistence of aversive remote memory. Here, we addressed the effect of prenatal stress on both memory consolidation and functional connectivity in the hippocampal-prefrontal cortex axis, a dynamical interplay that is critical for mnemonic processing. Pregnant mice of the C57BL6 strain were subjected to restraint stressed during the last week of pregnancy, and male offspring were behaviorally tested at adulthood for recent and remote spatial memory performance in the Barnes Maze test under an aversive context. Prenatal stress did not affect the acquisition or recall of recent memory. In contrast, it produced the persistence of remote spatial memory. Memory persistence was not associated with alterations in major network rhythms, such as hippocampal sharp-wave ripples (SWRs) or neocortical spindles. Instead, it was associated with a large decrease in the basal discharge activity of identified principal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) as measured in urethane anesthetized mice. Furthermore, functional connectivity was disrupted, as the temporal coupling between neuronal discharge in the mPFC and hippocampal SWRs was decreased by prenatal stress. These results could be relevant to understand the biological basis of the persistence of aversive remote memories in stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Negrón-Oyarzo
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David Neira
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nelson Espinosa
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Fuentealba
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile Fundación San Juan de Dios, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Aboitiz
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Dopaminergic control of long-term depression/long-term potentiation threshold in prefrontal cortex. J Neurosci 2013; 33:13914-26. [PMID: 23966711 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0466-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term memory in the prefrontal cortex is a necessary component of adaptive executive control and is strongly modulated by dopamine. However, the functional significance of this dopaminergic modulation remains elusive. In vitro experimental results on dopamine-dependent shaping of prefrontal long-term plasticity often appear inconsistent and, altogether, draw a complicated picture. It is also generally difficult to relate these findings to in vivo observations given strong differences between the two experimental conditions. This study presents a unified view of the functional role of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex by framing it within the Bienenstock-Cooper-Munro theory of cortical plasticity. We investigate dopaminergic modulation of long-term plasticity through a multicompartment Hodgkin-Huxley model of a prefrontal pyramidal neuron. Long-term synaptic plasticity in the model is governed by a calcium- and dopamine-dependent learning rule, in which dopamine exerts its action via D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in a concentration-dependent manner. Our results support a novel function of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex, namely that it controls the synaptic modification threshold between long-term depression and potentiation in pyramidal neurons. The proposed theoretical framework explains a wide range of experimental results and provides a link between in vitro and in vivo studies of dopaminergic plasticity modulation. It also suggests that dopamine may constitute a new player in metaplastic and homeostatic processes in the prefrontal cortex.
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44
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Hawkins RD. Possible contributions of a novel form of synaptic plasticity in Aplysia to reward, memory, and their dysfunctions in mammalian brain. Learn Mem 2013; 20:580-91. [PMID: 24049187 PMCID: PMC3768196 DOI: 10.1101/lm.031237.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies in Aplysia have identified a new variation of synaptic plasticity in which modulatory transmitters enhance spontaneous release of glutamate, which then acts on postsynaptic receptors to recruit mechanisms of intermediate- and long-term plasticity. In this review I suggest the hypothesis that similar plasticity occurs in mammals, where it may contribute to reward, memory, and their dysfunctions in several psychiatric disorders. In Aplysia, spontaneous release is enhanced by activation of presynaptic serotonin receptors, but presynaptic D1 dopamine receptors or nicotinic acetylcholine receptors could play a similar role in mammals. Those receptors enhance spontaneous release of glutamate in hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, prefrontal cortex, ventral tegmental area, and nucleus accumbens. In all of those brain areas, glutamate can activate postsynaptic receptors to elevate Ca2+ and engage mechanisms of early-phase long-term potentiation (LTP), including AMPA receptor insertion, and of late-phase LTP, including protein synthesis and growth. Thus, presynaptic receptors and spontaneous release may contribute to postsynaptic mechanisms of plasticity in brain regions involved in reward and memory, and could play roles in disorders that affect plasticity in those regions, including addiction, Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Hawkins
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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45
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5-HT1A receptors direct the orientation of plasticity in layer 5 pyramidal neurons of the mouse prefrontal cortex. Neuropharmacology 2013; 71:37-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kawashima S, Ueki Y, Mima T, Fukuyama H, Ojika K, Matsukawa N. Differences in dopaminergic modulation to motor cortical plasticity between Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62515. [PMID: 23658735 PMCID: PMC3643922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine modulates the synaptic plasticity in the primary motor cortex (M1). To evaluate whether the functioning of the cortico-striatal circuit is necessary for this modulation, we applied a paired associative stimulation (PAS) protocol that comprised an electric stimulus to the right median nerve at the wrist and subsequent transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left M1, to 10 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 10 with multiple system atrophy of the parkinsonian type (MSA-P) with and without dopamine replacement therapy (-on/off). To investigate the M1 function, motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) were measured before and after the PAS. In both patient groups without medication, the PAS protocol failed to increase the averaged amplitude of MEPs. The dopamine replacement therapy in PD, but not in MSA-P effectively restored the PAS-induced MEP increase. This suggests that not the existence of dopamine itself but the activation of cortico-striatal circuit might play an important role for cortical plasticity in the human M1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Kawashima
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshino Ueki
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tatsuya Mima
- Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidenao Fukuyama
- Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kosei Ojika
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Matsukawa
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Japan
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Dissociable dopaminergic control of saccadic target selection and its implications for reward modulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:3579-84. [PMID: 23401524 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1221236110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate mechanisms by which reward modulates target selection, we studied the behavioral effects of perturbing dopaminergic activity within the frontal eye field (FEF) of monkeys performing a saccadic choice task and simulated the effects using a plausible cortical network. We found that manipulation of FEF activity either by blocking D1 receptors (D1Rs) or by stimulating D2 receptors (D2Rs) increased the tendency to choose targets in the response field of the affected site. However, the D1R manipulation decreased the tendency to repeat choices on subsequent trials, whereas the D2R manipulation increased that tendency. Moreover, the amount of shift in target selection resulting from the two manipulations correlated in opposite ways with the baseline stochasticity of choice behavior. Our network simulation results suggest that D1Rs influence target selection mainly through their effects on the strength of inputs to the FEF and on recurrent connectivity, whereas D2Rs influence the excitability of FEF output neurons. Altogether, these results reveal dissociable dopaminergic mechanisms influencing target selection and suggest how reward can influence adaptive choice behavior via prefrontal dopamine.
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48
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Urban KR, Li YC, Gao WJ. Treatment with a clinically-relevant dose of methylphenidate alters NMDA receptor composition and synaptic plasticity in the juvenile rat prefrontal cortex. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2013; 101:65-74. [PMID: 23333502 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Methylphenidate (Ritalin, MPH) is the most commonly prescribed psychoactive drug for children. Used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and for cognitive enhancement in healthy individuals, its cellular mechanisms of action and potential long-term effects are poorly understood. We recently reported that a clinically relevant (1 mg/kg i.p., single injection) dose of MPH significantly decreased neuronal excitability in the juvenile rat prefrontal cortical neurons. Here we further explore the actions of acute treatment with MPH on the level of NMDA receptor subunits and NMDA receptor-mediated short- and long-term synaptic plasticity in the juvenile rat prefrontal cortical neurons. We found that a single dose of MPH treatment (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) significantly decreased the surface and total protein levels of NMDA receptor subunits NR1 and NR2B, but not NR2A, in the juvenile prefrontal cortex. In addition, the amplitude, decay time and charge transfer of NMDA receptor-mediated EPSCs were significantly decreased whereas the amplitude and short-term depression of AMPA receptor-mediated EPSCs were significantly increased in the prefrontal neurons. Furthermore, MPH treatment also significantly increased the probability and magnitude of LTP induction, but had only a small effect on LTD induction in juvenile rat prefrontal cortical neurons. Our data thus present a novel mechanism of action of MPH, i.e., changes in glutamatergic receptor-mediated synaptic plasticity following early-life treatment. Furthermore, since a single dosage resulted in significant changes in NMDA receptors, off-label usage by healthy individuals, especially children and adolescents, may result in altered potential for plastic learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly R Urban
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
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Zhong L, Artinian L, Rehder V. Dopamine suppresses neuronal activity of Helisoma B5 neurons via a D2-like receptor, activating PLC and K channels. Neuroscience 2013; 228:109-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Bai J, Blot K, Tzavara E, Nosten-Bertrand M, Giros B, Otani S. Inhibition of dopamine transporter activity impairs synaptic depression in rat prefrontal cortex through over-stimulation of D1 receptors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 24:945-55. [PMID: 23236206 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhs376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
In rat prefrontal cortex (PFC), long-term depression induced by low-frequency single stimuli has never been studied. Combined with the well-documented involvement of dopamine transporters (DATs) in the regulation of PFC-dependent cognitive processes, it is important to test whether this form of plasticity can be modulated by DAT activity in the PFC. Here, we show first that prolonged 3-Hz stimuli successfully induced synaptic depression in rat PFC slices whose induction depended on endogenous stimulation of D1-like and D2-like receptors and the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). This depression was found to be significantly impaired by selective inhibition of the DAT by GBR12909 (1-200 nM) or GBR12935 (100 nM). The excess amount of extracellular dopamine caused by DAT inhibition acted critically on D1-like receptors to impair depression. Furthermore, this impairment by GBR12 909 was cancelled by the allosteric-positive mGluR5 modulator CDPPB, the drug known to reverse hyperdopaminergia-induced abnormal PFC activity, and the associated cognitive disturbances. Finally, these induction, impairment, and restoration of synaptic depression were correlated by an inverted-U shape manner with the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2. We suggest that abnormal increases of the extracellular dopamine level by DAT inhibition impair synaptic depression in the PFC through over-stimulation of D1-like receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bai
- Physiopathology of the CNS Diseases, INSERM U952, CNRS-UMR 7224, University of Pierre, Paris, France
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