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Soriente A, Zuppardi F, Duraccio D, d'Ayala GG, Razzaq HAA, Corsaro MM, Casillo A, Ambrosio L, Raucci MG. Barley β-glucan bioactive films: Promising eco-friendly materials for wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134434. [PMID: 39098670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Mixtures containing β-glucans were extracted from barley, under both mild and high alkaline conditions, to prepare biodegradable films (MA and HA, respectively), as natural dressings with intrinsic therapeutic properties. An in-depth characterization was performed to evaluate the impact of mild and high alkaline conditions on chemical, physicochemical, and biological features for potential use in wound treatments. Both MA and HA films exhibited a good ability to absorb water and simulate wound fluid, which helps maintain optimal tissue hydration. Moreover, their oxygen permeability (147.6 and 16.4 cm3 × μm/m2 × 24 h × Pa × 107, respectively) appeared adequate for the intended application. Biocompatibility tests showed that the films do not harm human dermal fibroblasts. Impressively, they promote cell attachment and growth, with MA having a stronger effect due to its higher β-glucan content. Furthermore, MA films can modulate macrophage behaviour in an inflamed microenvironment, reducing oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines, while simultaneously increasing levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines. In a scratch test, HA films allowed for faster fibroblast migration within the first 16 h compared to MA. Overall, this study demonstrates that developing β-glucan based films from barley, through a sustainable and cost-effective process, holds great promise for skin applications. These films exhibit significant potential to promote wound healing and modulate inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Soriente
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council, Viale J.F. Kennedy 54, Mostra d'Oltremare Pad 20, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Zuppardi
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Donatella Duraccio
- Institute of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Energy and Mobility (STEM), National Research Council, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanna Gomez d'Ayala
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.
| | - Hussam A A Razzaq
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research, Gerald Street, Lincoln, 7608 Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Maria Michela Corsaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Casillo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council, Viale J.F. Kennedy 54, Mostra d'Oltremare Pad 20, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Raucci
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council, Viale J.F. Kennedy 54, Mostra d'Oltremare Pad 20, 80125 Naples, Italy
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Noorbakhsh Varnosfaderani SM, Ebrahimzadeh F, Akbari Oryani M, Khalili S, Almasi F, Mosaddeghi Heris R, Payandeh Z, Li C, Nabi Afjadi M, Alagheband Bahrami A. Potential promising anticancer applications of β-glucans: a review. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20231686. [PMID: 38088444 PMCID: PMC10776902 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
β-Glucans are valuable functional polysaccharides distributed in nature, especially in the cell walls of fungi, yeasts, bacteria, and cereals. The unique features of β-glucans, such as water solubility, viscosity, molecular weight, and so on, have rendered them to be broadly applied in various food systems as well as in medicine to improve human health. Moreover, inhibition of cancer development could be achieved by an increase in immune system activity via β-glucans. β-glucans, which are part of a class of naturally occurring substances known as biological response modifiers (BRMs), have also shown evidence of being anti-tumorogenic, anti-cytotoxic, and anti-mutagenic. These properties make them attractive candidates for use as pharmaceutical health promoters. Along these lines, they could activate particular proteins or receptors, like lactosylceramide (LacCer), Dickin-1, complement receptor 3 (CR3), scavenge receptors (SR), and the toll-like receptor (TLR). This would cause the release of cytokines, which would then activate other antitumor immune cells, like macrophages stimulating neutrophils and monocytes. These cells are biased toward pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis and phagocytosis enhancing the elicited immunological responses. So, to consider the importance of β-glucans, the present review introduces the structure characteristics, biological activity, and antitumor functions of fungal β-glucans, as well as their application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farnoosh Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahsa Akbari Oryani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeed Khalili
- Department of Biology Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Almasi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Payandeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mohsen Nabi Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armina Alagheband Bahrami
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
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Immunostimulatory Effect of Postbiotics Prepared from Phellinus linteus Mycelial Submerged Culture via Activation of Spleen and Peyer's Patch in C3H/HeN Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101215. [PMID: 36297326 PMCID: PMC9612016 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal mushrooms are an important natural resource promoting health benefits. Herein, Phellinus linteus mycelia were prepared under submerged cultivation, the mycelium-containing culture broth was extracted as a whole to obtain the postbiotic materials (PLME), and its effect on the immune system was evaluated in normal C3H/HeN mice. Oral administration of PLME for 4 weeks was well tolerated and safe. In the PLME-administered groups, in addition to the production of immunostimulatory cytokines, such as interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6), the mitogenic activity was significantly increased. PLME administration also significantly increased the levels of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA in the small intestinal fluid and Peyer's patches and enhanced Peyer's patch-mediated bone marrow cell proliferation activity and cytokine production (IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-γ). Histomorphometric analyses showed an increase in immune cells in the spleen and small intestinal tissues of mice administered PLME, supporting the rationale for its immune system activation. PLME mainly contained neutral sugar (969.1 mg/g), comprising primarily of glucose as a monosaccharide unit. The β-glucan content was 88.5 mg/g. Data suggest that PLME effectively promote immune function by stimulating the systemic immune system through the spleen and intestinal immune tissues. PLME can thus be developed as a functional ingredient to enhance immune functions.
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Oliveira-Brito PKM, de Campos GY, Guimarães JG, Serafim da Costa L, Silva de Moura E, Lazo-Chica JE, Roque-Barreira MC, da Silva TA. Adjuvant Curdlan Contributes to Immunization against Cryptococcus gattii Infection in a Mouse Strain-Specific Manner. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040620. [PMID: 35455369 PMCID: PMC9030172 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The low efficacy and side effects associated with antifungal agents have highlighted the importance of developing immunotherapeutic approaches to treat Cryptococcus gattii infection. We developed an immunization strategy that uses selective Dectin-1 agonist as an adjuvant. BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice received curdlan or β-glucan peptide (BGP) before immunization with heat-killed C. gattii, and the mice were infected with viable C. gattii on day 14 post immunization and euthanized 14 days after infection. Adjuvant curdlan restored pulmonary tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) levels, as induced by immunization with heat-killed C. gattii. The average area and relative frequency of C. gattii titan cells in the lungs of curdlan-treated BALB/c mice were reduced. However, this did not reduce the pulmonary fungal burden or decrease the i0,nflammatory infiltrate in the pulmonary parenchyma of BALB/c mice. Conversely, adjuvant curdlan induced high levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-10 and decreased the C. gattii burden in the lungs of C57BL/6 mice, which was not replicated in β-glucan peptide-treated mice. The adjuvant curdlan favors the control of C. gattii infection depending on the immune response profile of the mouse strain. This study will have implications for developing new immunotherapeutic approaches to treat C. gattii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Kellen Martins Oliveira-Brito
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (P.K.M.O.-B.); (G.Y.d.C.); (J.G.G.); (E.S.d.M.); (M.C.R.-B.)
| | - Gabriela Yamazaki de Campos
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (P.K.M.O.-B.); (G.Y.d.C.); (J.G.G.); (E.S.d.M.); (M.C.R.-B.)
| | - Júlia Garcia Guimarães
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (P.K.M.O.-B.); (G.Y.d.C.); (J.G.G.); (E.S.d.M.); (M.C.R.-B.)
| | - Letícia Serafim da Costa
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Edanielle Silva de Moura
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (P.K.M.O.-B.); (G.Y.d.C.); (J.G.G.); (E.S.d.M.); (M.C.R.-B.)
| | - Javier Emílio Lazo-Chica
- Institute of Natural and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38025-189, MG, Brazil;
| | - Maria Cristina Roque-Barreira
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (P.K.M.O.-B.); (G.Y.d.C.); (J.G.G.); (E.S.d.M.); (M.C.R.-B.)
| | - Thiago Aparecido da Silva
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (P.K.M.O.-B.); (G.Y.d.C.); (J.G.G.); (E.S.d.M.); (M.C.R.-B.)
- Thiago Aparecido da Silva, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +55-16-3315-3049
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Azzi DV, de Jesus Pereira AN, de Oliveira Silva V, de Carvalho Foureaux R, Lima ARV, Barducci RS, Albuquerque AS, Reis GL, de Oliveira RR, Andrade EF, Zangeronimo MG, Chalfun-Júnior A, Pereira LJ. Dose-response effect of prebiotic ingestion (β-glucans isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in diabetic rats with periodontal disease. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:111. [PMID: 34663444 PMCID: PMC8524835 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00729-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal disease is one of the most frequent comorbidities in diabetic patients and can contribute to poor blood glucose control. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of ingesting different doses of beta-glucans (BG) isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae on alveolar bone loss (ABL) and inflammatory/metabolic parameters in normal and diabetic rats with ligature-induced periodontal disease (PD). DESIGN Sixty male rats were assigned into two groups: non-diabetic or diabetic (i.p. 70 mg/kg streptozotocin) with PD. Then, groups were subdivided into five subgroups according BG doses: 0 mg/Kg; 10 mg/Kg; 20 mg/Kg; 40 mg/Kg or 80 mg/Kg. Animals received BG for 28 days and ligatures were placed on lower first molars during the last 14 days. RESULTS ABL of diabetic and non-diabetic animals receiving BG 40 mg/kg (1.33 ± 0.03 mm and 0.77 ± 0.07 mm, respectively) and 80 mg/kg (1.26 ± 0.07 mm and 0.78 ± 0.05 mm, respectively) doses was lower (p < 0.05) in comparison to respective controls (1.59 ± 0.11 mm and 0.90 mm ±0.08). COX-2 (Control: 1.66 ± 0.12; 40 mg/kg: 1.13 ± 0.07; 80 mg/kg: 0.92 ± 0.18) and RANKL expressions (Control: 1.74 ± 0.34; 40 mg/kg: 1.03 ± 0.29 ;80 mg/kg: 0.75 ± 0.21), together with the RANKL/OPG ratio (Control: 1.17 ± 0.08; 40 mg/kg: 0.67 ± 0.09; 80 mg/kg: 0.63 ± 0.28) were attenuated above the same dose (p < 0.05). BG did not influence (p > 0.05) metabolic parameters in non-diabetic rats. In diabetic animals, doses above 40 mg/kg reduced IL-1β (Control: 387 ± 66; 40 mg/kg: 309 ± 27; 80 mg/kg: 300 ± 14) and TNF-α (Control: 229 ± 19; 40 mg/kg: 128 ± 53; 80 mg/kg: 71 ± 25), blood glucose levels (Control: 402 ± 49; 40 mg/kg: 334 ± 32; 80 mg/kg: 287 ± 56), total cholesterol (Control: 124 ± 8; 40 mg/kg: 120 ± 10; 80 mg/kg: 108 ± 9), LDL-c + VLDL-c (Control: 106 ± 8; 40 mg/kg: 103 ± 10; 80 mg/kg: 87 ± 10) and triacylglycerols (Control: 508 ± 90; 40 mg/kg: 301 ± 40; 80 mg/kg: 208 ± 61), whereas increased HDL-c (Control: 18 ± 0.5; 40 mg/kg: 19 ± 1; 80 mg/kg: 21 ± 1) (p < 0.05). Optimal dose needed to reduce ABL was higher in diabetic animals with PD. CONCLUSIONS BG ingestion reduced ABL and improved inflammatory profile in a dose-dependent manner. Best effects were achieved with doses above 40 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Vilela Azzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Viviam de Oliveira Silva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Andressa Ribeiro Veiga Lima
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Silva Albuquerque
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Lasmar Reis
- Department of Biology, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Eric Francelino Andrade
- Institute of Agrarian Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Unaí, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Chalfun-Júnior
- Department of Biology, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciano José Pereira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil.
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Comparison of structural differences between yeast β-glucan sourced from different strains of saccharomyces cerevisiae and processed using proprietary manufacturing processes. Food Chem 2021; 367:130708. [PMID: 34352692 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we explored structural differences of five commercial samples of yeast β-glucan. Samples were assayed for their β-glucan content and the yeast storage carbohydrate, glycogen. The β-glucan content ranged from 74% to 86%, the glycogen content varied from 0 to 20%. The linkage pattern of each sample was measured by the partially methylated alditol acetate method. This method showed that the samples varied from 1.9% to 9.2% branching. The side chain length distribution for each sample was analyzed by an alkaline degradation assay followed by ion chromatography. The side length distributions of the samples were shown to be similar. The samples were also analyzed by FT-IR and 1HNMR spectroscopy but it was difficult to derive quantitative differences in the samples by these methods. Our findings confirm that each proprietary source of yeast β-glucan has a unique purity profile, branching, and linkage patterns that determine the chemical structure and composition.
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Antitumor effect of soluble β-glucan as an immune stimulant. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 179:116-124. [PMID: 33667560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
β-glucans are linear polysaccharides of d-glucose monomers linked through β-glycosidic bonds and are widely present in nature. Different sources lead to their structural differences. β-glucan has long been acknowledged to be a safe and functional component. Its biological activities include lipid-lowering, hypoglycemic, antitumor and immune regulation etc. A large number of studies have shown that soluble β-glucan can bind to their receptors on the surface of immune cells, activates the pro-inflammatory response of innate immune cells, and enhances the host's antitumor defense. A variety of soluble β-glucans have been widely used in clinical antitumor studies as an immunostimulant to treat the cancer patient. In this paper, we reviewed the molecular structure, antitumor immune activities, structure-activity relationship and clinical trials of soluble β-glucans in order to provide the overall scene of β-glucans as immunostimulant to fight the cancer.
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Wang YX, Zhang T, Xin Y, Huang XJ, Yin JY, Nie SP. Comprehensive evaluation of alkali-extracted polysaccharides from Agrocybe cylindracea: Comparison on structural characterization. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 255:117502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Notararigo S, Varela E, Otal A, Cristobo I, Antolín M, Guarner F, Prieto A, López P. Evaluation of an O2-Substituted (1-3)-β-D-Glucan, Produced by Pediococcus parvulus 2.6, in ex vivo Models of Crohn's Disease. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:621280. [PMID: 33613490 PMCID: PMC7893136 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.621280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
1,3-β-glucans are extracellular polysaccharides synthesized by microorganisms and plants, with therapeutic potential. Among them, the O2-substituted-(1–3)-β-D-glucan, synthesized by some lactic acid bacteria (LAB), has a prebiotic effect on probiotic strains, an immunomodulatory effect on monocyte-derived macrophages, and potentiates the ability of the producer strain to adhere to Caco-2 cells differentiated to enterocytes. In this work, the O2-substituted-(1–3)-β-D-glucan polymers produced by GTF glycoyltransferase in the natural host Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 and in the recombinant strain Lactococcus lactis NZ9000[pNGTF] were tested. Their immunomodulatory activity was investigated in an ex vivo model using human biopsies from patients affected by Crohn’s disease (CD). Both polymers had an anti-inflammatory effect including, a reduction of Interleukine 8 both at the level of its gene expression and its secreted levels. The overall data indicate that the O2-substituted-(1–3)-β-D-glucan have a potential role in ameliorating inflammation via the gut immune system cell modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Notararigo
- Department of Microbial: and Plant Biotechnology, Margarita Salas Biological Research Centre (CIB-Margarita Salas-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Foundation Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Encarnación Varela
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Otal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iván Cristobo
- Department of Microbial: and Plant Biotechnology, Margarita Salas Biological Research Centre (CIB-Margarita Salas-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Antolín
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Guarner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia Prieto
- Department of Microbial: and Plant Biotechnology, Margarita Salas Biological Research Centre (CIB-Margarita Salas-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma López
- Department of Microbial: and Plant Biotechnology, Margarita Salas Biological Research Centre (CIB-Margarita Salas-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Hermans L, De Pelsmaeker S, Denaeghel S, Cox E, Favoreel HW, Devriendt B. β-Glucan-Induced IL-10 Secretion by Monocytes Triggers Porcine NK Cell Cytotoxicity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:634402. [PMID: 33679785 PMCID: PMC7933222 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.634402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-glucans are naturally occurring polysaccharides present in cell walls of fungi, yeast, bacteria, cereals, seaweed, and algae. These microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) possess immunomodulatory properties. In human, it has been suggested that NK cells can be activated by β-glucans. Here, we aimed to elucidate whether β-glucans modulate porcine NK cell responses in vitro and if so, how these effects are mediated. We investigated the effect of two β-glucans, Macrogard and Curdlan, which differ in solubility and structure. Direct addition of β-glucans to purified porcine NK cells did not affect cytotoxicity of these cells against K562 target cells. However, when using PBMC instead of purified NK cells, β-glucan addition significantly increased NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. This effect depended on factors secreted by CD14+ monocytes upon β-glucan priming. Further analysis showed that monocytes secrete TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 upon β-glucan addition. Of these, IL-10 turned out to play a critical role in β-glucan-triggered NK cell cytotoxicity, since depletion of IL-10 completely abrogated the β-glucan-induced increase in cytotoxicity. Furthermore, addition of recombinant IL-10 to purified NK cells was sufficient to enhance cytotoxicity. In conclusion, we show that β-glucans trigger IL-10 secretion by porcine monocytes, which in turn leads to increased NK cell cytotoxicity, and thereby identify IL-10 as a potent stimulus of porcine NK cell cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen Hermans
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Steffi De Pelsmaeker
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sofie Denaeghel
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Eric Cox
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Herman W Favoreel
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bert Devriendt
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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11
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Development of Fish Immunity and the Role of β-Glucan in Immune Responses. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225378. [PMID: 33213001 PMCID: PMC7698520 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Administration of β-glucans through various routes, including immersion, dietary inclusion, or injection, have been found to stimulate various facets of immune responses, such as resistance to infections and resistance to environmental stress. β-Glucans used as an immunomodulatory food supplement have been found beneficial in eliciting immunity in commercial aquaculture. Despite extensive research involving more than 3000 published studies, knowledge of the receptors involved in recognition of β-glucans, their downstream signaling, and overall mechanisms of action is still lacking. The aim of this review is to summarize and discuss what is currently known about of the use of β-glucans in fish.
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de Vries H, Geervliet M, Jansen CA, Rutten VPMG, van Hees H, Groothuis N, Wells JM, Savelkoul HFJ, Tijhaar E, Smidt H. Impact of Yeast-Derived β-Glucans on the Porcine Gut Microbiota and Immune System in Early Life. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101573. [PMID: 33066115 PMCID: PMC7601942 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Piglets are susceptible to infections in early life and around weaning due to rapid environmental and dietary changes. A compelling target to improve pig health in early life is diet, as it constitutes a pivotal determinant of gut microbial colonization and maturation of the host’s immune system. In the present study, we investigated how supplementation of yeast-derived β-glucans affects the gut microbiota and immune function pre- and post-weaning, and how these complex systems develop over time. From day two after birth until two weeks after weaning, piglets received yeast-derived β-glucans or a control treatment orally and were subsequently vaccinated against Salmonella Typhimurium. Faeces, digesta, blood, and tissue samples were collected to study gut microbiota composition and immune function. Overall, yeast-derived β-glucans did not affect the vaccination response, and only modest effects on faecal microbiota composition and immune parameters were observed, primarily before weaning. This study demonstrates that the pre-weaning period offers a ‘window of opportunity’ to alter the gut microbiota and immune system through diet. However, the observed changes were modest, and any long-lasting effects of yeast-derived β-glucans remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo de Vries
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands;
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Mirelle Geervliet
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.); (N.G.); (H.F.J.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Christine A. Jansen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.A.J.); (V.P.M.G.R.)
| | - Victor P. M. G. Rutten
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.A.J.); (V.P.M.G.R.)
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - Hubèrt van Hees
- Research and Development, Trouw Nutrition, 3800 AG Amersfoort, The Netherlands;
| | - Natalie Groothuis
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.); (N.G.); (H.F.J.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Jerry M. Wells
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Huub F. J. Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.); (N.G.); (H.F.J.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Edwin Tijhaar
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.); (N.G.); (H.F.J.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence:
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Zhen W, Shao Y, Wu Y, Li L, Pham VH, Abbas W, Wan Z, Guo Y, Wang Z. Dietary yeast β-glucan supplementation improves eggshell color and fertile eggs hatchability as well as enhances immune functions in breeder laying hens. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 159:607-621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Derakhshan A, Khodadoost M, Ghanei M, Gachkar L, Hajimahdipour H, Taghipour A, Yousefi J, Khoshkhui M, Azad FJ. Effects of a Novel Barley-Based Formulation on Allergic Rhinitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 19:1224-1231. [PMID: 30843497 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666190306100611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current treatment options for Allergic Rhinitis (AR) may have their own limitations and side effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Ma-al-Shaeer (MS), a novel natural formulation based on Hordeum vulgare, in the treatment of AR compared with Fexofenadine (FX). METHODS A total of 77 patients with AR were divided into two groups: MS group (n=38) and FX group (n=39). The first group received 15 g of dried MS powder, and the second group received 60 mg of FX twice daily for 14 days. At baseline (week zero) and after the 14-day treatment period (week two), both groups were evaluated for sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, nasal itching, post nasal drip, eye, throat, or ear symptoms, headache, cough, mental function, quality of life scores, blood eosinophil count and total IgE levels. Rhinitis control assessment tests were conducted at week zero and again at one week after cessation of treatment (week three) in both groups. RESULTS All symptoms of AR except cough were significantly reduced in both groups; for nasal congestion, post nasal drip, and headache, the MS treatment was found to be superior. Rhinitis control was significantly increased after treatment in both groups (p value < 0.001). Both drugs significantly reduced total IgE levels. There was no significant change in eosinophil count in either group. CONCLUSION MS formulation based on H. vulgare may be an effective treatment for AR. Further studies are needed to confirm the effect of MS as an alternative treatment in AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Derakhshan
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmood Khodadoost
- School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Mollasadra Street, 19945-546, Tehran, Iran
| | - Latif Gachkar
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Hajimahdipour
- Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center and Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Taghipour
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Management & Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Cancer Research Center, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jaleh Yousefi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Khoshkhui
- Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farahzad J Azad
- Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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de Sales Guilarducci J, Marcelino BAR, Konig IFM, Orlando TM, Varaschin MS, Pereira LJ. Therapeutic effects of different doses of prebiotic (isolated from S accharomyces cerevisiae) in comparison to n-3 supplement on glycemic control, lipid profiles and immunological response in diabetic rats. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2020; 12:69. [PMID: 32793305 PMCID: PMC7418400 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-00576-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The regular intake of fiber generates numerous health benefits. However, the efficacy depends on the duration of consumption and the ingested dose. Studies investigating the optimal dose are of interest to enable the inclusion of fiber in the routine treatment of diabetic patients. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the effects of different doses of β-glucan (BG-isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae), in comparison to n-3 supplement, on the inflammatory and metabolic parameters of Wistar rats induced to diabetes by streptozotocin. METHODS Forty animals were randomly divided into six groups receiving 0 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, or 40 mg/kg BG daily for 4 weeks or fish oil derivative [1000 mg/kg of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3)] for the same period. One additional group was composed of healthy controls. Serum metabolic and immunological parameters were evaluated by colorimetric and ELISA assays respectively. Histopathological analysis of the liver, small intestine and pancreas were also conducted. Significant changes due to BG intake were set into regression models with second-degree fit in order to estimate the optimal BG dose to achieve health benefits. RESULTS The animals that ingested BG had lower food and water intake (p < 0.05) than the negative control group (0 mg/kg). However, consumption was still elevated in comparison to healthy controls. Blood glucose and serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-c, and TG (p < 0.05) reduced in comparison to diabetic animals without treatment (better or similar to n-3 group depending on dose), but did not reach normal levels (in comparison to healthy controls). HDL-c was not different (p > 0.05) among all groups. These reductions were already seen with the lowest dose of 10 mg/kg. On average, the serum levels of the hepatic enzymes ALT and AST were 40% and 60% lower in the BG groups in comparison to diabetic animals without treatment (better results than n-3 group). The group receiving 40 mg/kg reached similar values of healthy controls for ALT; whereas the same result occurred from the dose of 10 mg/kg for AST. The ideal dose, estimated from the mean of all metabolic parameters was approximately 30 mg/kg/day. Regarding the immunological profile, TNF-α significantly decreased in the BG groups compared to controls (p < 0.05), reaching better values than n-3 group and similar to healthy controls. No significant differences were found between the groups in IL-1β or IL-10 (p > 0.05). No histological changes were found in the pancreas, liver, or intestine due to treatment among diabetic animals. CONCLUSIONS BG significantly reduced blood glucose as well as serum total cholesterol, LDL-c and TG. There was a hepatoprotective effect due to the reduction in ALT and AST and a reduction in TNF-α, indicating a modulation of the immune response. In general, BG effects were better than n-3 supplement (or at least comparable) depending on the dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina de Sales Guilarducci
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde – DSA, Universidade Federal de Lavras – UFLA, 3037, Lavras, 37200-000 Brazil
| | | | - Isaac Filipe Moreira Konig
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde – DSA, Universidade Federal de Lavras – UFLA, 3037, Lavras, 37200-000 Brazil
| | - Tamira Maria Orlando
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde – DSA, Universidade Federal de Lavras – UFLA, 3037, Lavras, 37200-000 Brazil
| | - Mary Suzan Varaschin
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde – DSA, Universidade Federal de Lavras – UFLA, 3037, Lavras, 37200-000 Brazil
- Departamente de Medicina Veterinária – DMV, Universidade Federal de Lavras – UFLA, 3037, Lavras, 37200-000 Brazil
| | - Luciano José Pereira
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde – DSA, Universidade Federal de Lavras – UFLA, 3037, Lavras, 37200-000 Brazil
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Yuan H, Lan P, He Y, Li C, Ma X. Effect of the Modifications on the Physicochemical and Biological Properties of β-Glucan-A Critical Review. Molecules 2019; 25:E57. [PMID: 31877995 PMCID: PMC6983044 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Glucan exhibits many biological activities and functions such as stimulation of the immune system and anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-infective, anti-viral, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-coagulant, cholesterol-lowering, radio protective, and wound healing effects. It has a wide variety of uses in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and chemical industries as well as in food processing units. However, due to its dense triple helix structure, formed by the interaction of polyhydroxy groups in the β-d-glucan molecule, it features poor solubility, which not only constrains its applications, but also inhibits its physiological function in vivo. One aim is to expand the applications for modified β-glucan with potential to prevent disease, various therapeutic purposes and as health-improving ingredients in functional foods and cosmetics. This review introduces the major modification methods required to understand the bioactivity of β-glucan and critically provides a literature survey on the structural features of this molecule and reported biological activity. We also discuss a new method to create novel opportunities to exploit maximally various properties of β-glucan, namely ultrasound-assisted enzymatic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Yuan
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (H.Y.); (Y.H.)
| | - Ping Lan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Polysaccharide Materials and Modification, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008, China;
| | - Yan He
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (H.Y.); (Y.H.)
| | - Chengliang Li
- LB Cosmeceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201499, China;
| | - Xia Ma
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (H.Y.); (Y.H.)
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Abraham A, Ostroff G, Levitz SM, Oyston PCF. A novel vaccine platform using glucan particles for induction of protective responses against Francisella tularensis and other pathogens. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 198:143-152. [PMID: 31400225 PMCID: PMC6797901 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are considered the bedrock of preventive medicine. However, for many pathogens, it has been challenging to develop vaccines that stimulate protective, long-lasting immunity. We have developed a novel approach using β-1,3-D-glucans (BGs), natural polysaccharides abundantly present in fungal cell walls, as a biomaterial platform for vaccine delivery. BGs simultaneously provide for receptor-targeted antigen delivery to specialized antigen-presenting cells together with adjuvant properties to stimulate antigen-specific and trained non-specific immune responses. This review focuses on various approaches of using BG particles (GPs) to develop bacterial and fungal vaccine candidates. A special case history for the development of an effective GP tularaemia vaccine candidate is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Abraham
- University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
| | - G. Ostroff
- University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
| | - S. M. Levitz
- University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
| | - P. C. F. Oyston
- CBR Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton DownSalisburyUK
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Structural elucidation and immunomodulatory activity of a β-D-glucan prepared by freeze-thawing from Hericium erinaceus. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 222:114996. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.114996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Paramylon, a Potent Immunomodulator from WZSL Mutant of Euglena gracilis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173114. [PMID: 31461965 PMCID: PMC6749516 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
β-glucans, heterogeneous glucose polymers present in many organisms, have the capability to activate the innate immune system. Efficacy of activation depends on purity of the compound, molecular structure, polymerization degree, and source. One of the purest forms of crystallized β-(1–3)-glucan present in nature is the paramylon extracted from the WZSL non-chloroplastic mutant of Euglena gracilis, which can be processed to produce linear nanofibers capable of interacting with specific receptors present on cell membranes. The effects of these nanofibers, already investigated on plants, animals, and humans, will be analyzed.
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20
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Gil-Ramírez A, Smiderle FR, Morales D, Iacomini M, Soler-Rivas C. Strengths and weaknesses of the aniline-blue method used to test mushroom (1→3)-β-d-glucans obtained by microwave-assisted extractions. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 217:135-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Algae-derived β-glucan enhanced gut health and immune responses of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic E. coli. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Hsu CF, Hsiao CH, Tseng SF, Chen JR, Liao YJ, Chen SJ, Lin CS, Sytwu HK, Chuang YP. PrtA immunization fails to protect against pulmonary and invasive infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Respir Res 2018; 19:187. [PMID: 30253765 PMCID: PMC6157060 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0895-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus pneumoniae is a respiratory pathogen causing severe lung infection that may lead to complications such as bacteremia. Current polysaccharide vaccines have limited serotype coverage and therefore cannot provide maximal and long-term protection. Global efforts are being made to develop a conserved protein vaccine candidate. PrtA, a pneumococcal surface protein, was identified by screening a pneumococcal genomic expression library using convalescent patient serum. The prtA gene is prevalent and conserved among S. pneumoniae strains. Its protective efficacy, however, has not been described. Mucosal immunization could sensitize both local and systemic immunity, which would be an ideal scenario for preventing S. pneumoniae infection. Methods We immunized BALB/c mice intranasally with a combination of a PrtA fragment (amino acids 144–1041) and Th17 potentiated adjuvant, curdlan. We then measured the T-cell and antibody responses. The protective efficacy conferred to the immunized mice was further evaluated using a murine model of acute pneumococcal pneumonia and pneumococcal bacteremia. Results There was a profound antigen-specific IL-17A and IFN-γ response in PrtA-immunized mice compared with that of adjuvant control group. Even though PrtA-specific IgG and IgA titer in sera was elevated in immunized mice, only a moderate IgA response was observed in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The PrtA-immunized antisera facilitated the activated murine macrophage, RAW264.7, to opsonophagocytose S. pneumoniae D39 strain; however, PrtA-specific immunoglobulins bound to pneumococcal surfaces with a limited potency. Finally, PrtA-induced immune reactions failed to protect mice against S. pneumoniae-induced acute pneumonia and bacterial propagation through the blood. Conclusions Immunization with recombinant PrtA combined with curdlan produced antigen-specific antibodies and elicited IL-17A response. However, it failed to protect the mice against S. pneumoniae-induced infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-018-0895-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Fang Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hao Hsiao
- Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fu Tseng
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Ru Chen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jou Liao
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sy-Jou Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Sheng Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Chuang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Anti-fibrotic effect of paramylon nanofibers from the WZSL mutant of Euglena gracilis on liver damage induced by CCl 4 in mice. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Reyes-Becerril M, Guardiola FA, Sanchez V, Maldonado M, Angulo C. Sterigmatomyces halophilus β-glucan improves the immune response and bacterial resistance in Pacific red snapper (Lutjanus peru) peripheral blood leucocytes: In vitro study. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 78:392-403. [PMID: 29684606 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
β-Glucans are naturally occurring polysaccharides that are produced by bacteria, fungi and yeast. They are considered immunostimulants in fish acting on non-specific defense mechanism. Yeast-derived glucans from cell wall (Sterigmatomyces halophilus, β-Gluc/Sh) have been used for this purpose in this study. Therefore, an in vitro assay using peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs) from Pacific red snapper was performed to evaluate the stimulant effects of β-Gluc/Sh and zymosan A (positive control) for 12 and 24 h and after bacterial challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila at 24 h. In addition, structural characterization of this marine yeast glucan was performed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) revealing structures containing (1-6)-branched (1-3)-β-D-glucan. PBLs responded positively to β-Gluc/Sh where cell viability was higher than 80%. After challenge, β-Gluc/Sh was able to inhibit cytotoxicity caused by A. hydrophila, highlighting that the PBLs incubated with β-Gluc/Sh significantly increased the non-specific immune response, such as phagocytic activity, respiratory burst, nitric oxide and peroxidase activities followed by an increase in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities after 12 and 24 h post-stimulation and after challenge with the pathogen. Regarding induction of antioxidant gene expression, it was more pronounced in stimulated β-Gluc/Sh leucocytes compared to other groups at all experimental times of the trial and after bacterial challenge. Indeed, our results clearly showed the ability of leucocytes to strongly react to β-Gluc/Sh with an increase in cytokine gene expression, particularly the IL-1β, IL-10 and IL-17 genes. These results confirm that S. halophilus yeast-derived β-glucan, isolated from an extreme marine environment, is beneficial for increasing innate immune response and enhancing resistance against A. hydrophila in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Reyes-Becerril
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, B.C.S. 23096, Mexico
| | - Francisco A Guardiola
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal
| | - Veronica Sanchez
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, B.C.S. 23096, Mexico
| | - Minerva Maldonado
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, B.C.S. 23096, Mexico
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, B.C.S. 23096, Mexico.
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Rieder A, Ballance S, Böcker U, Knutsen S. Quantification of 1,3-β-D-glucan from yeast added as a functional ingredient to bread. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 181:34-42. [PMID: 29253981 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to their immunomodulatory effect, 1,3-β-G from yeast are used as functional ingredients, but reliable methods for their detection in foods are lacking. We have adapted a method based on fluorescence detection with aniline blue to quantify the amount of five commercial yeast β-glucan preparations added to crisp or yeast-leavened bread. This assay detected yeast β-glucan preparations added to different breads with an average recovery of 90, 96, 99 and 105%, while one of the preparations was overestimated, with an average recovery of 157%. The presence of cereal 1,3-1,4-β-D-glucans did not interfere with assay performance. The addition of 1,3-β-G at 0.2 and 0.5 g/100g is low compared to the recommended dose of 1,3-β-G per serving demonstrating assay sensitivity. However, more research is needed to fully understand the effect of 1,3-β-G conformation/structure on aniline blue interaction as well as the effect of baking on structure and dissolution properties of yeast β-glucans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Rieder
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute for Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, PB 210, N-1431 Aas, Norway.
| | - Simon Ballance
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute for Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, PB 210, N-1431 Aas, Norway
| | - Ulrike Böcker
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute for Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, PB 210, N-1431 Aas, Norway
| | - Svein Knutsen
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute for Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, PB 210, N-1431 Aas, Norway
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Vojtek B, Mojžišová J, Smrčo P, Drážovská M. Effects of orally administered β – 1,3/1,6 – glucan on vaccination responses and immunological parameters in dogs. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1324407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Vojtek
- Institute of Epizootiology and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Mojžišová
- Institute of Epizootiology and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Smrčo
- Institute of Epizootiology and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Monika Drážovská
- Institute of Epizootiology and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
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Salehi B, Bayat M, Dezfulian M, Sabokbar A, Tabaraie B. The assessment of anti-tumoral activity of polysaccharide extracted from terrestrial filamentous fungus. Saudi J Biol Sci 2016; 25:1236-1241. [PMID: 30174528 PMCID: PMC6117434 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal polysaccharides are well-known for the medicinal properties such as antitumor and immunomodulating effects. Hence, this study evaluated antitumor effects of polysaccharide extracted from Fusarium sp. isolated from soil samples of Karaj district, Alborz, Iran along with its taxonomic study. The filamentous fungus strain FK1 was isolated from the soil sample of Karaj, Iran. The strain was identified based on cultural, morphological and 18 S rRNA gene parameters as Fusarium. Further, the strain Fusarium was cultured in fermented broth of modified (PDB) for 10 days at 25 °C. The polysaccharide of strain FK1 was extracted from the mycelium free supernatant by boiling water method and evaluated for antitoxicity effect on two human cancer cell lines: HeLa cell line and Lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) by MTT method. Findings revealed that water-extracted from mycelia polysaccharide of strain FK1 had the highest cytotoxicity effect against LCL which is the cause of B lymphocyte cancer, at 50 μg/ml concentration dose (114 ± 1.63) followed by 100 μg/ml (105 ± 0.57) and 10 μg/ml (104 ± 0.57), while it did not have a considerable effect on HeLa cell line. Fusarium could be alternative sources as an antitumor component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Salehi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Specialized Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour Bayat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Specialized Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding author. Fax: +98 2144817175.
| | - Mehrouz Dezfulian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Science, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Azar Sabokbar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Science, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
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Russo R, Barsanti L, Evangelista V, Frassanito AM, Longo V, Pucci L, Penno G, Gualtieri P. Euglena gracilis paramylon activates human lymphocytes by upregulating pro-inflammatory factors. Food Sci Nutr 2016; 5:205-214. [PMID: 28265355 PMCID: PMC5332256 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify the activation details and products of human lymphomonocytes, stimulated by different β-glucans, that is Euglena paramylon, MacroGard®, and lipopolysaccharide. We investigated the gene expression of inflammation-related cytokines and mediators, transactivation of relevant transcription factors, and phagocytosis role in cell-glucan interactions, by means of RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, and colorimetric assay. Our results show that sonicated and alkalized paramylon upregulates pro-inflammatory factors (NO, TNF-α, IL-6, and COX-2) in lymphomonocytes. A clear demonstration of this upregulation is the increased transactivation of NF-kB visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy. Phagocytosis assay showed that internalization is not a mandatory step for signaling cascade to be triggered, since immune activity is not present in the lymphomonocytes that have internalized paramylon granules and particulate MacroGard®. Moreover, the response of Euglena β-glucan-activated lymphomonocytes is much greater than that induced by commercially used β-glucans such as MacroGard®. Our in vitro results indicate that linear fibrous Euglena β-glucan, obtained by sonication and alkaline treatment can act as safe and effective coadjutant of the innate immune system response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Russo
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, CNRPisaItaly
| | | | | | | | - Vincenzo Longo
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, CNRPisaItaly
| | - Laura Pucci
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, CNRPisaItaly
| | - Giuseppe Penno
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e SperimentaleSezione Malattie MetabolicheUniversità di PisaPisaItaly
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29
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Fu Y, Cheng L, Meng Y, Li S, Zhao X, Du Y, Yin H. Cellulosimicrobium cellulans strain E4-5 enzymatic hydrolysis of curdlan for production of (1 → 3)-linked β- d -glucan oligosaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 134:740-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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(1→3)-β- d -Glucan oligosaccharides monomers purification and its H 2 O 2 induction effect study. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 81:1069-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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31
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Chen YM, Xu HY, Wang Y, Zhang JF, Wang SM. Vitreoscilla hemoglobin promotes Salecan production by Agrobacterium sp. ZX09. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2015; 15:979-85. [PMID: 25367790 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1400123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Salecan is a novel exopolysaccharide produced by the strain Agrobacterium sp. ZX09, and it is composed of only glucose monomers. The unique chemical composition and excellent physicochemical properties make Salecan a promising material for applications in coagulation, lubrication, protection against acute liver injury, and alleviating constipation. In this study, we cloned the Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene into a broad-host-range plasmid pCM158. Without antibiotic selection, there was negligible loss of the plasmid in the host Agrobacterium sp. ZX09 after one passage of cultivation. The expression of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin was demonstrated by carbon monoxide (CO) difference spectrum. The engineered strain Agrobacterium sp. ZX09 increased Salecan yield by 30%. The other physiological changes included its elevated respiration rate and cellular invertase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-mei Chen
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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32
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Magee AS, Langeslay RR, Will PM, Danielson ME, Wurst LR, Iiams VA. Modification of the degree of branching of a beta-(1,3)-glucan affects aggregation behavior and activity in an oxidative burst assay. Biopolymers 2015; 103:665-74. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul M. Will
- Biothera; 3388 Mike Collins Drive Eagan MN 55121
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33
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Ruthes AC, Smiderle FR, Iacomini M. d-Glucans from edible mushrooms: A review on the extraction, purification and chemical characterization approaches. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 117:753-761. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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34
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Bose N, Wurst LR, Chan ASH, Dudney CM, LeRoux ML, Danielson ME, Will PM, Nodland SE, Patchen ML, Dalle Lucca JJ, Lebeda FJ, Vasilakos JP. Differential regulation of oxidative burst by distinct β-glucan-binding receptors and signaling pathways in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Glycobiology 2014; 24:379-91. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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35
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Improved β-glucan yield using an Aureobasidium pullulans M-2 mutant strain in a 200-L pilot scale fermentor targeting industrial mass production. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-013-0516-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Shimosato T, Kanoh J, Otani H. Oral administration of a fruiting body extract ofBoletopsis leucomelasenhances intestinal IgA production in LPS-challenged mice. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2013.847064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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37
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Samuelsen ABC, Schrezenmeir J, Knutsen SH. Effects of orally administered yeast-derived beta-glucans: a review. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:183-93. [PMID: 24019098 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Yeast-derived beta-glucans (Y-BG) are considered immunomodulatory compounds suggested to enhance the defense against infections and exert anticarcinogenic effects. Specific preparations have received Generally Recognized as Safe status and acceptance as novel food ingredients by European Food Safety Authority. In human trials, orally administered Y-BG significantly reduced the incidence of upper respiratory tract infections in individuals susceptible to upper respiratory tract infections, whereas significant differences were not seen in healthy individuals. Increased salivary IgA in healthy individuals, increased IL-10 levels in obese subjects, beneficial changes in immunological parameters in allergic patients, and activated monocytes in cancer patients have been reported following Y-BG intake. The studies were conducted with different doses (7.5-1500 mg/day), using different preparations that vary in their primary structure, molecular weight, and solubility. In animal models, oral Y-BG have reduced the incidence of bacterial infections and levels of stress-induced cytokines and enhanced antineoplastic effects of cytotoxic agents. Protective effects toward drug intoxication and ischemia/reperfusion injury have also been reported. In conclusion, additional studies following good clinical practice principles are needed in which well-defined Y-BG preparations are used and immune markers and disease endpoints are assessed. Since optimal dosing may depend on preparation characteristics, dose-response curves might be assessed to find the optimal dose for a specific preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Berit C Samuelsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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38
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Pietretti D, Vera-Jimenez NI, Hoole D, Wiegertjes GF. Oxidative burst and nitric oxide responses in carp macrophages induced by zymosan, MacroGard(®) and selective dectin-1 agonists suggest recognition by multiple pattern recognition receptors. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:847-857. [PMID: 23831551 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
β-Glucans are glucose polymers that are found in the cell walls of plants, bacteria, certain fungi, mushrooms and the cell wall of baker's yeast. In mammals, myeloid cells express several receptors capable of recognizing β-glucans, with the C-type lectin receptor dectin-1 in conjunction with Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), considered key receptors for recognition of β-glucan. In our studies to determine the possible involvement of these receptors on carp macrophages a range of sources of β-glucans were utilized including particulate β-glucan preparations of baker's yeast such as zymosan, which is composed of insoluble β-glucan and mannan, and MacroGard(®), a β-glucan-based feed ingredient for farmed animals including several fish species. Both preparations were confirmed TLR2 ligands by measuring activation of HEK293 cells transfected with human TLR2 and CD14, co-transfected with a secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter gene. In addition, dectin-1-specific ligands in mammals i.e. zymosan treated to deplete the TLR-stimulating properties and curdlan, were monitored for their effects on carp macrophages by measuring reactive oxygen and nitrogen radicals production, as well as cytokine gene expression by real-time PCR. Results clearly show the ability of carp macrophages to strongly react to particulate β-glucans with an increase in the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen radicals and an increase in cytokine gene expression, in particular il-1β, il-6 and il-11. We identified carp il-6, that was previously unknown. In addition, carp macrophages are less, but not unresponsive to selective dectin-1 agonists, suggesting recognition of β-glucans by multiple pattern recognition receptors that could include TLR but also non-TLR receptors. Candidate receptors for recognition of β-glucans are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pietretti
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
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39
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Chanput W, Mes JJ, Savelkoul HFJ, Wichers HJ. Characterization of polarized THP-1 macrophages and polarizing ability of LPS and food compounds. Food Funct 2013; 4:266-76. [PMID: 23135314 DOI: 10.1039/c2fo30156c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the polarizing potential of currently used human macrophage cell lines, while a better understanding phenomena can support the prediction of effects in vivo based on in vitro analysis. To test the polarization capability of PMA differentiated-THP-1 macrophages (M0), cells were stimulated with 20 ng ml(-1) IFNγ + 1 μg ml(-1) LPS and 20 ng ml(-1) IL-4, which are known to influence macrophage polarization in vivo and ex vivo into the M1 and M2 state, respectively. Apart from several well-known M1 and M2 markers, also new possible markers for M1 and M2 polarization were analysed in this study. The expression of M1 marker genes was up-regulated in IFNγ + LPS stimulated-M0 THP-1 macrophages. The IL-4 stimulated-M0 THP-1 macrophages expressed M2 cell membrane receptor genes. However, M2 chemokine and their receptor genes were only slightly up-regulated which might be due to the complexity of the secondary cell-cell interaction of the chemokine system. Lipopolysaccharides from E. coli (LPS) and food compounds [lentinan, vitamin D3 (vD3) and the combination of lentinan + vitamin D3 (Len + vD3)] were investigated for their polarizing ability on M0 THP-1 macrophages towards either the M1 or M2 state. LPS (700 ng ml(-1)) was able to skew M0 THP-1 macrophages towards the M1 direction since all analysed M1 marker genes were strongly expressed. Lentinan, vD3 and Len + vD3 did not induce expression of either M1 or M2 markers, indicating no polarizing ability of these compounds. Based on the expression of M1 and M2 marker genes we concluded that THP-1 macrophages could be successfully polarized into either the M1 or M2 state. Therefore, they can be used as a new macrophage polarizing model to estimate the polarizing/switching ability of test food compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasaporn Chanput
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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40
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Smiderle FR, Alquini G, Tadra-Sfeir MZ, Iacomini M, Wichers HJ, Van Griensven LJ. Agaricus bisporus and Agaricus brasiliensis (1→6)-β-d-glucans show immunostimulatory activity on human THP-1 derived macrophages. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 94:91-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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41
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Zhu W, Ma H, Miao J, Huang G, Tong M, Zou S. β-Glucan modulates the lipopolysaccharide-induced innate immune response in rat mammary epithelial cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 15:457-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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42
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Di Bartolomeo F, Startek JB, Van den Ende W. Prebiotics to fight diseases: reality or fiction? Phytother Res 2012; 27:1457-73. [PMID: 23280537 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Revised: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria living in the gastrointestinal tract are crucial for human health and disease occurrence. Increasing the beneficial intestinal microflora by consumption of prebiotics, which are 'functional foods', could be an elegant way to limit the number and incidence of disorders and to recover from dysbiosis or antibiotic treatments. This review focuses on the short-chain low-digestible carbohydrates (LDCs) which are metabolized by gut microbiota serving as energy source, immune system enhancers or facilitators of mineral uptake. Intake of foods containing LDCs can improve the state of health and may prevent diseases as for example certain forms of cancer. Given the large number of different molecules belonging to LDCs, we focused our attention on fructans (inulin, fructo-oligosaccharides), galacto-oligosaccharides and resistant starches and their therapeutic and protective applications. Evidence is accumulating that LDCs can inhibit bacterial and viral infections by modulating host defense responses and by changing the interactions between pathogenic and beneficial bacteria. Animal studies and studies on small groups of human subjects suggest that LDCs might help to counteract colorectal cancer, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. The action mechanisms of LDCs in the human body might be broader than originally thought, perhaps also including reactive oxygen species scavenging and signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Di Bartolomeo
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001, Leuven, Belgium; University of the Studies of Molise - Department of Agriculture Food and Environment (D.A.A.A.) - Terzo edificio polifunzionale, Via de Sanctis, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
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43
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Chanput W, Reitsma M, Kleinjans L, Mes JJ, Savelkoul HFJ, Wichers HJ. β-Glucans are involved in immune-modulation of THP-1 macrophages. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:822-33. [PMID: 22648628 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE We aimed to examine different immunological aspects of β-glucans derived from different food sources (oat, barley and shiitake) on phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-differentiated THP-1 macrophages. Commercially purified barley β-glucan (commercial BG) and lentinan were included to compare β-glucans from the same origin but different degree of purity and processing. METHODS AND RESULTS Chemical composition and molecular weight distribution of β-glucan samples were determined. Inflammation-related gene expression kinetics (IL-1β, IL-8, nuclear factor kappa B [NF-κB] and IL-10) after 3, 6 and 24 h of stimulation with 100 μg/mL β-glucan were investigated. All tested β-glucans mildly upregulated the observed inflammation-related genes with differential gene expression patterns. Similar gene expression kinetics, but different fold induction values, was found for the crude β-glucan extracts and their corresponding commercial forms. Pre-incubation of THP-1 macrophages with β-glucans prior to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure decreased the induction of inflammation-related genes compared to LPS treatment. No production of nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) was detected in β-glucan stimulated THP-1 macrophages. Phagocytic activity was not different after stimulation by β-glucan samples. CONCLUSION Based on these in vitro analyses, it can be concluded that the analysed β-glucans have varying levels of immunomodulating properties, which are likely related to structure, molecular weight and compositional characteristic of β-glucan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasaporn Chanput
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
The vertebrate immune system is comprised of numerous distinct and interdependent components. Every component has its own inherent protective value, and the final combination of them is likely to be related to an animal’s immunological history and evolutionary development. Vertebrate immune system consists of both systemic and mucosal immune compartments, but it is the mucosal immune system which protects the body from the first encounter of pathogens. According to anatomical location, the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, in teleost fish is subdivided into gut-, skin-, and gill-associated lymphoid tissue and most available studies focus on gut. The purpose of this paper is to summarise the current knowledge of the immunological defences present in skin mucosa as a very important part of the fish immune system, serving as an anatomical and physiological barrier against external hazards. Interest in defence mechanism of fish arises from a need to develop health management tools to support a growing finfish aquaculture industry, while at the same time addressing questions concerning origins and evolution of immunity in vertebrates. Increased knowledge of fish mucosal immune system will facilitate the development of novel vaccination strategies in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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45
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Rieder A, Samuelsen AB. Do cereal mixed-linked β-glucans possess immune-modulating activities? Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:536-47. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Rieder
- Nofima Mat; Norwegian Institute of Food; Fisheries and Aquaculture Research; Aas Norway
| | - Anne Berit Samuelsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
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46
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Chanput W, Reitsma M, Kleinjans L, Mes JJ, Savelkoul HFJ, Wichers HJ. β-Glucans are involved in immune-modulation of THP-1 macrophages. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.1734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marit Reitsma
- Food & Biobased Research; Wageningen University and Research Centre; Wageningen; The Netherlands
| | - Lennart Kleinjans
- Food & Biobased Research; Wageningen University and Research Centre; Wageningen; The Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan J. Mes
- Food & Biobased Research; Wageningen University and Research Centre; Wageningen; The Netherlands
| | - Huub F. J. Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group; Wageningen University and Research Centre; Wageningen; The Netherlands
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47
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Huff GR, Dutta V, Huff WE, Rath NC. Effects of dietary yeast extract on turkey stress response and heterophil oxidative burst activity. Br Poult Sci 2012; 52:446-55. [PMID: 21919572 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2011.600753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
1. Effective nutritional approaches to counteract the negative effects of stress may provide food animal producers with useful alternatives to antibiotics. In this study, turkeys were fed on a standard diet, or the same diet supplemented with yeast extract (YE), to determine if YE would improve disease resistance in a stress model. 2. At 16 weeks of age, half of the birds were exposed to a bacterial challenge using a coarse spray of the pen environment. A subset of control and challenged birds was also treated with dexamethasone (Dex) prior to challenge (Dex/challenge). At 18 weeks, another subset was subjected to a 12?h transport stress protocol (Challenge/transport). All birds were bled and necropsied the morning after transport. The numbers and proportions of blood cells and the heterophil oxidative burst activity (OBA) were determined. Serum corticosterone (Cort) levels of male birds were measured using a commercial ELISA kit. Body weight and gain were increased by YE during week 1. 3. YE decreased mortality and bacterial isolation following Dex/challenge only in females. Cort levels in male turkeys were decreased by YE and Dex treatment. OBA was higher in males and in birds given YE and was reduced by challenge and transport. 4. These results suggest there may be gender differences in the turkey stress response and that dietary YE has potential for modulating the impact of stress on innate immunity of turkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Huff
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, University of Arkansas, Poultry Science Center, Fayetteville AR 72701, USA.
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48
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Smiderle FR, Ruthes AC, van Arkel J, Chanput W, Iacomini M, Wichers HJ, Van Griensven LJLD. Polysaccharides from Agaricus bisporus and Agaricus brasiliensis show similarities in their structures and their immunomodulatory effects on human monocytic THP-1 cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2011; 11:58. [PMID: 21787425 PMCID: PMC3158557 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Mushroom polysaccharides have traditionally been used for the prevention and treatment of a multitude of disorders like infectious illnesses, cancers and various autoimmune diseases. Crude mushroom extracts have been tested without detailed chemical analyses of its polysaccharide content. For the present study we decided to chemically determine the carbohydrate composition of semi-purified extracts from 2 closely related and well known basidiomycete species, i.e. Agaricus bisporus and A. brasiliensis and to study their effects on the innate immune system, in particular on the in vitro induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, using THP-1 cells. Methods Mushroom polysaccharide extracts were prepared by hot water extraction and precipitation with ethanol. Their composition was analyzed by GC-MS and NMR spectroscopy. PMA activated THP-1 cells were treated with the extracts under different conditions and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines was evaluated by qPCR. Results Semi-purified polysaccharide extracts of A. bisporus and A. brasiliensis (= blazei) were found to contain (1→6),(1→4)-linked α-glucan, (1→6)-linked β-glucan, and mannogalactan. Their proportions were determined by integration of 1H-NMR signs, and were considerably different for the two species. A. brasiliensis showed a higher content of β-glucan, while A. bisporus presented mannogalactan as its main polysaccharide. The extracts induced a comparable increase of transcription of the pro-inflammatory cytokine genes IL-1β and TNF-α as well as of COX-2 in PMA differentiated THP-1 cells. Pro-inflammatory effects of bacterial LPS in this assay could be reduced significantly by the simultaneous addition of A. brasiliensis extract. Conclusions The polysaccharide preparations from the closely related species A. bisporus and A. brasiliensis show major differences in composition: A. bisporus shows high mannogalactan content whereas A. brasiliensis has mostly β-glucan. Semi-purified polysaccharide extracts from both Agaricus species stimulated the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes, while the polysaccharide extract of A. brasiliensis reduced synthesis of these cytokines induced by LPS, suggesting programmable immunomodulation.
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Barsanti L, Passarelli V, Evangelista V, Frassanito AM, Gualtieri P. Chemistry, physico-chemistry and applications linked to biological activities of β-glucans. Nat Prod Rep 2011; 28:457-66. [DOI: 10.1039/c0np00018c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To examine the recent scientific literature on the immune modulating effects of β-glucans and subsequent benefits on infection and cancer. RECENT FINDINGS β-Glucans have been investigated for their ability to protect against infection and cancer and more recently for their therapeutic potential when combined with cancer therapy. Their immune modulating effects are attributed to the ability to bind to pattern recognition receptors including complement receptor 3, scavenger receptors, lactosylceramide, and dectin-1 that results in activation of different aspects of the immune response depending on the cell types and species involved although there is some controversy about the relative importance of each of these receptors. Most of the available evidence comes from preclinical data and human studies are just now beginning to appear in the literature, therefore firm conclusions on its clinical importance cannot yet be made. Perhaps the most promising evidence to date in human trials has come from recent studies on a benefit of β-glucan on quality of life and survival when given in combination with cancer treatment. We identify the need for future studies that compare purified forms of β-glucans from different sources to further the understanding of the mechanisms of action and aid in the development of clinical studies. SUMMARY β-Glucans appear to be effective at enhancing immune function and reducing susceptibility to infection and cancer. A better understanding of the mechanisms of β-glucan recognition and subsequent immune activation is necessary for the design of effective treatment approaches in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Angela Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA.
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