Predictive factors of morbidity in distal pancreatic resections

Critical evaluation of quality of hepatopancreatic surgery in a medium-volume center in Finland using the Accordion Severity Grading System and the Postoperative Morbidity Index

Background

Hepatopancreatobiliary surgery is prone to complications. Methods are needed to monitor surgical outcomes and enable comparison between institutions.

Methods

Complications were collected prospectively and reviewed using the modified Accordion Severity Grading System (MASGS) and the Postoperative Morbidity Index (PMI).

Results

This study included 527 consecutive patients receiving either pancreatic or liver resection in 2000-2017 in Central Finland Central Hospital. The PMI was 0.177 for all patients, and 0.192, 0.094, 0.285, and 0.129 for patients receiving major pancreatic (n=218), minor pancreatic (n=93), major liver (n=73), and minor liver (n=143) resection, respectively. The rates of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) after pancreaticoduodenectomies (n=200) were 6.5% for grade B and 5.5% for grade C; rates for biliary leak were 1.0% (grade A), 2.5% (grade B), and 0.5% (grade C). Similarly, the rates for delayed gastric emptying (DGE) were 2.8% (grade A), 15.6% (grade B), and 3.7% (grade C). Postoperative hepatic dysfunction occurred in 2.3%, major surgical site bleeding in 2.3%, and biloma in 7.9% of patients after liver resection. Ninety-day mortality rates were 3.7% and 1.1% in major and minor pancreatic resections, and 8.2% and 0.7% in major and minor liver resections. Major complications occurred in 13.3% and 3.3% in pancreatic, and 19.2% and 6.3% in liver resections, respectively.

Conclusions

Major pancreatic and hepatic surgery are associated with significant morbidity and burden in our center, comparable with previous population-based studies. PMI is an informative way to monitor surgical outcomes and enable comparison between institutions.