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Knytl M, Kalous L, Rylková K, Choleva L, Merilä J, Ráb P. Morphologically indistinguishable hybrid Carassius female with 156 chromosomes: A threat for the threatened crucian carp, C. carassius, L. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190924. [PMID: 29360831 PMCID: PMC5779652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The crucian carp Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758), is native to many European freshwaters. Despite its wide distribution, the crucian carp is declining in both the number and sizes of populations across much of its range. Here we studied 30 individuals of a putative pure population from Helsinki, Finland. Despite clear external morphological features of C. carassius, an individual was of a higher ploidy level than the others. We therefore applied a set of molecular genetic (S7 nuclear and cytochrome b mitochondrial genes) and cytogenetic tools (sequential fluorescent 4’, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole [DAPI], Chromomycin A3 [CMA3], C-banding and in situ hybridization [FISH] with both 5S and 28S ribosomal DNA probes) to determine its origin. While all examined characteristics of a diploid representative male (CCAHe2Fi) clearly corresponded to those of C. carassius, a triploid individual (CCAHe1Fi) was more complex. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the nuclear genome of CCAHe1Fi contained three haploid sets: two C. gibelio and one C. carassius. However the mitochondrial DNA was that of C. gibelio, demonstrating its hybrid origin. The FISH revealed three strong (more intensive) 5S rDNA loci, confirming the triploid status, and an additional 24 weak (less intensive) signals were observed in the chromosome complement of CCAHe1Fi. On the other hand, only two strong and 16 weak 5S rDNA signals were visible on the chromosomes of the CCAHe2Fi male. 28S rDNA FISH revealed four strong signals in both CCAHe1Fi and CCAHe2Fi individuals. CMA3 staining revealed four to six CMA3-positive bands of CCAHe1Fi, while that of diploids contained only two to four. The fact that a polyploid hybrid Carassius female with a strong invasive potential may share morphological characters typical for endangered C. carassius highlights a need to combine genetic investigations of Carassius cryptic diversity with conservation measures of C. carassius in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Knytl
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Lukáš Kalous
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Rylková
- Department of Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Choleva
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Liběchov, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Juha Merilä
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petr Ráb
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Liběchov, Czech Republic
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Amorim KDJ, Cioffi MDB, Bertollo LAC, Soares RX, de Souza AS, da Costa GWWF, Molina WF. Co-located 18S/5S rDNA arrays: an ancient and unusual chromosomal trait in Julidini species (Labridae, Perciformes). COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2016; 10:555-570. [PMID: 28123678 PMCID: PMC5240509 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v10i4.10227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Wrasses (Labridae) are extremely diversified marine fishes, whose species exhibit complex interactions with the reef environment. They are widely distributed in the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Their species have displayed a number of karyotypic divergent processes, including chromosomal regions with complex structural organization. Current cytogenetic information for this family is phylogenetically and geographically limited and mainly based on conventional cytogenetic techniques. Here, the distribution patterns of heterochromatin, GC-specific chromosome regions and Ag-NORs, and the organization of 18S and 5S rDNA sites of the Atlantic species Thalassoma noronhanum (Boulenger, 1890), Halichoeres poeyi (Steindachner, 1867), Halichoeres radiatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Halichoeres brasiliensis (Bloch, 1791) and Halichoeres penrosei Starks, 1913, belonging to the tribe Julidini were analyzed. All the species exhibited 2n=48 chromosomes with variation in the number of chromosome arms among genera. Thalassoma noronhanum has 2m+46a, while species of the genus Halichoeres Rüppell, 1835 share karyotypes with 48 acrocentric chromosomes. The Halichoeres species exhibit differences in the heterochromatin distribution patterns and in the number and distribution of 18S and 5S rDNA sites. The occurrence of 18S/5S rDNA syntenic arrangements in all the species indicates a functionally stable and adaptive genomic organization. The phylogenetic sharing of this rDNA organization highlights a marked and unusual chromosomal singularity inside the family Labridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlla Danielle Jorge Amorim
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, 3000, 59078-970, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - Marcelo de Bello Cioffi
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235,13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - Luiz Antonio Carlos Bertollo
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235,13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Xavier Soares
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, 3000, 59078-970, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - Allyson Santos de Souza
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, 3000, 59078-970, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - Gideão Wagner Werneck Felix da Costa
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, 3000, 59078-970, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - Wagner Franco Molina
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, 3000, 59078-970, Natal, RN, Brasil
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Veneza I, Felipe B, Oliveira J, Silva R, Sampaio I, Schneider H, Gomes G. A barcode for the authentication of the snappers (Lutjanidae) of the western Atlantic: rDNA 5S or mitochondrial COI? Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Pereira CSA, Ráb P, Collares-Pereira MJ. Chromosomes of European cyprinid fishes: comparative cytogenetics and chromosomal characteristics of ribosomal DNAs in nine Iberian chondrostomine species (Leuciscinae). Genetica 2013; 140:485-95. [PMID: 23329299 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-013-9697-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Karyotypes and chromosomal features of both minor and major ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) were investigated in nine Iberian chondrostomine species by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with 5S and 45S rDNA probes. All species presented invariably diploid values of 2n = 50 and the characteristic leuciscin karyotype pattern with 6-7 metacentric (m), 15-16 submetacentric (sm) and 3-4 subtelo- to acrocentric (st/a) chromosome pairs. The largest chromosome pair of the set was st/a as typical of Leuciscinae and no heteromorphic chromosomes could be unequivocally associated to sex determination. Achondrostoma occidentale and Pseudochondrostoma willkommii were cytogenetically characterized for the first time while Achondrostoma arcasii and Iberochondrostoma lemmingii were revisited regarding previous karyotype descriptions. Remarkable variability in number and location was observed for both molecular chromosome markers, especially within Achondrostoma and Iberochondrostoma genera. Clusters of 5S rDNA were mostly terminally associated to st/a chromosomes varying from four to eight positive signals, whilst NOR sites directly detected by the 45S rDNA probe were identified in sm chromosomes varying from three to six independent clusters. Frequent population bottlenecks in Mediterranean-type semiarid habitats were hypothesized to explain not only such extensive polymorphism which seems unique among leuciscin cyprinids but also the increased probability of fixation of rDNA translocation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Sofia A Pereira
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Biology, Centre of Environmental Biology, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Merlo MA, Pacchiarini T, Portela-Bens S, Cross I, Manchado M, Rebordinos L. Genetic characterization of Plectorhinchus mediterraneus yields important clues about genome organization and evolution of multigene families. BMC Genet 2012; 13:33. [PMID: 22545758 PMCID: PMC3464664 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-13-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Molecular and cytogenetic markers are of great use for to fish characterization, identification, phylogenetics and evolution. Multigene families have proven to be good markers for a better understanding of the variability, organization and evolution of fish species. Three different tandemly-repeated gene families (45S rDNA, 5S rDNA and U2 snDNA) have been studied in Plectorhinchus mediterraneus (Teleostei: Haemulidae), at both molecular and cytogenetic level, to elucidate the taxonomy and evolution of these multigene families, as well as for comparative purposes with other species of the family. Results Four different types of 5S rDNA were obtained; two of them showed a high homology with that of Raja asterias, and the putative implication of a horizontal transfer event and its consequences for the organization and evolution of the 5S rDNA have been discussed. The other two types do not resemble any other species, but in one of them a putative tRNA-derived SINE was observed for the first time, which could have implications in the evolution of the 5S rDNA. The ITS-1 sequence was more related to a species of another different genus than to that of the same genus, therefore a revision of the Hamulidae family systematic has been proposed. In the analysis of the U2 snDNA, we were able to corroborate that U2 snDNA and U5 snDNA were linked in the same tandem array, and this has interest for tracing evolutionary lines. The karyotype of the species was composed of 2n = 48 acrocentric chromosomes, and each of the three multigene families were located in different chromosome pairs, thus providing three different chromosomal markers. Conclusions Novel data can be extracted from the results: a putative event of horizontal transfer, a possible tRNA-derived SINE linked to one of the four 5S rDNA types characterized, and a linkage between U2 and U5 snDNA. In addition, a revision of the taxonomy of the Haemulidae family has been suggested, and three cytogenetic markers have been obtained. Some of these results have not been described before in any other fish species. New clues about the genome organization and evolution of the multigene families are offered in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Merlo
- Laboratorio de Genética, Universidad de Cádiz, Polígono Río San Pedro 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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