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Burnett HA, Bieker VC, Le Moullec M, Peeters B, Rosvold J, Pedersen ÅØ, Dalén L, Loe LE, Jensen H, Hansen BB, Martin MD. Contrasting genomic consequences of anthropogenic reintroduction and natural recolonization in high-arctic wild reindeer. Evol Appl 2023; 16:1531-1548. [PMID: 37752961 PMCID: PMC10519417 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic reintroduction can supplement natural recolonization in reestablishing a species' distribution and abundance. However, both reintroductions and recolonizations can give rise to founder effects that reduce genetic diversity and increase inbreeding, potentially causing the accumulation of genetic load and reduced fitness. Most current populations of the endemic high-arctic Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) originate from recent reintroductions or recolonizations following regional extirpations due to past overharvesting. We investigated and compared the genomic consequences of these two paths to reestablishment using whole-genome shotgun sequencing of 100 Svalbard reindeer across their range. We found little admixture between reintroduced and natural populations. Two reintroduced populations, each founded by 12 individuals around four decades (i.e. 8 reindeer generations) ago, formed two distinct genetic clusters. Compared to the source population, these populations showed only small decreases in genome-wide heterozygosity and increases in inbreeding and lengths of runs of homozygosity. In contrast, the two naturally recolonized populations without admixture possessed much lower heterozygosity, higher inbreeding and longer runs of homozygosity, possibly caused by serial population founder effects and/or fewer or more genetically related founders than in the reintroduction events. Naturally recolonized populations can thus be more vulnerable to the accumulation of genetic load than reintroduced populations. This suggests that in some organisms even small-scale reintroduction programs based on genetically diverse source populations can be more effective than natural recolonization in establishing genetically diverse populations. These findings warrant particular attention in the conservation and management of populations and species threatened by habitat fragmentation and loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish A. Burnett
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University MuseumNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
| | - Vanessa C. Bieker
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University MuseumNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
| | - Mathilde Le Moullec
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
| | - Bart Peeters
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
| | - Jørgen Rosvold
- Department of Terrestrial BiodiversityNorwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA)TrondheimNorway
| | | | - Love Dalén
- Centre for PalaeogeneticsStockholmSweden
- Department of Bioinformatics and GeneticsSwedish Museum of Natural HistoryStockholmSweden
- Department of ZoologyStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Leif Egil Loe
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource ManagementNorwegian University of Life SciencesAasNorway
| | - Henrik Jensen
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
| | - Brage B. Hansen
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNorwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA)TrondheimNorway
| | - Michael D. Martin
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University MuseumNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
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2
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Nelson-Reinier T, Clarke JA. Dialects in North American elk bugle calls: comparisons between source and translocated elk populations. J Mammal 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyac102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Identifying the factors shaping dialects can reveal selective pressures and cultural influences on acoustic signals. Translocations of species have been considered the “gold standard” for identifying population differences in vocalizations, including dialects. The North American elk (Cervus canadensis) is a species that has experienced numerous translocations, but no published studies exist on dialects in elk or any other ungulate species. Adult male North American elk utter an iconic vocalization during the breeding season, which is termed the bugle call due to the power, duration, and pitch of the sound. We investigated if dialect differences existed between three populations: a source population in Wyoming (N = 10 bulls, 132 calls) and translocated populations in Colorado (N = 13 bulls, 92 calls) and Pennsylvania (N = 20 bulls, 160 calls). Dialect differences existed between the populations in 9 of 10 measured variables, in both the frequency domain and time domain. Habitat factors (acoustic adaptation hypothesis) affecting sound transmission were inconsistently related to dialects in the populations. Genetic factors may be related to dialects, as the historically bottlenecked Pennsylvania population, with low heterozygosity and low allelic richness, exhibited the least variability in acoustic measures. Cultural transmission and vocal learning may also contribute to dialect development in this highly vocal, social ungulate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracee Nelson-Reinier
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado , Greeley, Colorado 99164 , USA
| | - Jennifer A Clarke
- Biology Department, University of La Verne , La Verne, California 91750 , USA
- Center for Wildlife Studies , South Freeport, Maine 04078 , USA
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3
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Pero EM, Chitwood MC, Hildreth AM, Berkman LK, Keller BJ, Sumners JA, Hansen LP, Isabelle JL, Eggert LS, Titus CL, Millspaugh JJ. Acclimation of elk mating system following restoration to the Missouri Ozarks, U.S.A. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M. Pero
- Wildlife Biology Program University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - M. Colter Chitwood
- Natural Resource Ecology & Management Oklahoma State University, 008C Agriculture Hall Stillwater OK 74078 USA
| | - Aaron M. Hildreth
- Missouri Department of Conservation, 3500 E Gans Rd. Columbia MO 65201 USA
| | - Leah K. Berkman
- Missouri Department of Conservation, 3500 E Gans Rd. Columbia MO 65201 USA
| | - Barbara J. Keller
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, 500 Lafayette Rd. St. Paul MN 55155 USA
| | - Jason A. Sumners
- Missouri Department of Conservation, 2901 W Truman Blvd Jefferson City MO 65102 USA
| | - Lonnie P. Hansen
- Missouri Department of Conservation, 3500 E Gans Rd. Columbia MO 65201 USA
| | - Jason L. Isabelle
- Missouri Department of Conservation, 3500 E Gans Rd. Columbia MO 65201 USA
| | - Lori S. Eggert
- Biological Sciences University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Chelsea L. Titus
- Missouri Department of Conservation, 3500 E Gans Rd. Columbia MO 65201 USA
| | - Joshua J. Millspaugh
- Wildlife Biology Program University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive Missoula MT 59812 USA
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4
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Pero EM, Bell DA, Robinson ZL, Chitwood MC, Hildreth AM, Berkman LK, Keller BJ, Sumners JA, Hansen LP, Isabelle JL, Eggert LS, Titus CL, Millspaugh JJ. One size does not fit all: Genetic considerations from the Missouri elk restoration. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M. Pero
- Wildlife Biology Program University of Montana Missoula Montana USA
| | - Donovan A. Bell
- Wildlife Biology Program University of Montana Missoula Montana USA
| | | | - M. Colter Chitwood
- Natural Resource Ecology and Management Oklahoma State University Stillwater Oklahoma USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lori S. Eggert
- Biological Sciences University of Missouri Columbia Missouri USA
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5
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Flesch EP, Graves TA, Thomson JM, Proffitt KM, White PJ, Stephenson TR, Garrott RA. Evaluating wildlife translocations using genomics: A bighorn sheep case study. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:13687-13704. [PMID: 33391673 PMCID: PMC7771163 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Wildlife restoration often involves translocation efforts to reintroduce species and supplement small, fragmented populations. We examined the genomic consequences of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) translocations and population isolation to enhance understanding of evolutionary processes that affect population genetics and inform future restoration strategies. We conducted a population genomic analysis of 511 bighorn sheep from 17 areas, including native and reintroduced populations that received 0-10 translocations. Using the Illumina High Density Ovine array, we generated datasets of 6,155 to 33,289 single nucleotide polymorphisms and completed clustering, population tree, and kinship analyses. Our analyses determined that natural gene flow did not occur between most populations, including two pairs of native herds that had past connectivity. We synthesized genomic evidence across analyses to evaluate 24 different translocation events and detected eight successful reintroductions (i.e., lack of signal for recolonization from nearby populations) and five successful augmentations (i.e., reproductive success of translocated individuals) based on genetic similarity with the source populations. A single native population founded six of the reintroduced herds, suggesting that environmental conditions did not need to match for populations to persist following reintroduction. Augmentations consisting of 18-57 animals including males and females succeeded, whereas augmentations of two males did not result in a detectable genetic signature. Our results provide insight on genomic distinctiveness of native and reintroduced herds, information on the relative success of reintroduction and augmentation efforts and their associated attributes, and guidance to enhance genetic contribution of augmentations and reintroductions to aid in bighorn sheep restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth P. Flesch
- Fish and Wildlife Ecology and Management ProgramEcology DepartmentMontana State UniversityBozemanMTUSA
| | - Tabitha A. Graves
- Northern Rocky Mountain Science CenterU.S. Geological SurveyWest GlacierMTUSA
| | | | | | - P. J. White
- Yellowstone Center for ResourcesNational Park ServiceMammothWYUSA
| | - Thomas R. Stephenson
- Sierra Nevada Bighorn Sheep Recovery ProgramCalifornia Department of Fish and WildlifeBishopCAUSA
| | - Robert A. Garrott
- Fish and Wildlife Ecology and Management ProgramEcology DepartmentMontana State UniversityBozemanMTUSA
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Youngmann JL, Deyoung RW, Demarais S, Strickland BK, Jenkins G. Genetic Characteristics of Restored Elk Populations in Kentucky. J Wildl Manage 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L. Youngmann
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and AquacultureMississippi State University P.O. Box 9690, Mississippi State MS 39762 USA
| | - Randy W. Deyoung
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas A&M University‐KingsvilleKingsville TX 78363 USA
| | - Stephen Demarais
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and AquacultureMississippi State University P.O. Box 9690, Mississippi State MS 39762 USA
| | - Bronson K. Strickland
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and AquacultureMississippi State University P.O. Box 9690, Mississippi State MS 39762 USA
| | - Gabe Jenkins
- Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources #1 Sportsman's Lane Frankfort KY 40601 USA
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7
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Evans ML, Hard JJ, Black AN, Sard NM, O’Malley KG. A quantitative genetic analysis of life-history traits and lifetime reproductive success in reintroduced Chinook salmon. CONSERV GENET 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-019-01174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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8
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Jahner JP, Matocq MD, Malaney JL, Cox M, Wolff P, Gritts MA, Parchman TL. The genetic legacy of 50 years of desert bighorn sheep translocations. Evol Appl 2019; 12:198-213. [PMID: 30697334 PMCID: PMC6346675 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Conservation biologists have increasingly used translocations to mitigate population declines and restore locally extirpated populations. Genetic data can guide the selection of source populations for translocations and help evaluate restoration success. Bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) are a managed big game species that suffered widespread population extirpations across western North America throughout the early 1900s. Subsequent translocation programs have successfully re-established many formally extirpated bighorn herds, but most of these programs pre-date genetically informed management practices. The state of Nevada presents a particularly well-documented case of decline followed by restoration of extirpated herds. Desert bighorn sheep (O. c. nelsoni) populations declined to less than 3,000 individuals restricted to remnant herds in the Mojave Desert and a few locations in the Great Basin Desert. Beginning in 1968, the Nevada Department of Wildlife translocated ~2,000 individuals from remnant populations to restore previously extirpated areas, possibly establishing herds with mixed ancestries. Here, we examined genetic diversity and structure among remnant herds and the genetic consequences of translocation from these herds using a genotyping-by-sequencing approach to genotype 17,095 loci in 303 desert bighorn sheep. We found a signal of population genetic structure among remnant Mojave Desert populations, even across geographically proximate mountain ranges. Further, we found evidence of a genetically distinct, potential relict herd from a previously hypothesized Great Basin lineage of desert bighorn sheep. The genetic structure of source herds was clearly reflected in translocated populations. In most cases, herds retained genetic evidence of multiple translocation events and subsequent admixture when founded from multiple remnant source herds. Our results add to a growing literature on how population genomic data can be used to guide and monitor restoration programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marjorie D. Matocq
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, and Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation BiologyUniversity of NevadaRenoNevada
| | - Jason L. Malaney
- Department of BiologyAustin Peay State UniversityClarksvilleTennessee
| | - Mike Cox
- Nevada Department of Wildlife, and Wild Sheep Working GroupWestern Association of Fish and Wildlife AgenciesRenoNevada
| | | | | | - Thomas L. Parchman
- Department of Biology, and Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation BiologyUniversity of NevadaRenoNevada
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9
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Muller LI, Murrow JL, Lupardus JL, Clark JD, Yarkovich JG, Stiver WH, Delozier EK, Slabach BL, Cox JJ, Miller BF. Genetic structure in Elk persists after translocation. J Wildl Manage 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa I. Muller
- University of Tennessee, Department of Forestry; Wildlife and Fisheries; 274 Ellington Hall Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Jennifer L. Murrow
- University of Maryland; Environmental Science and Policy Program; 0214 Symons Hall College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Jason L. Lupardus
- University of Tennessee, Department of Forestry; Wildlife and Fisheries; 274 Ellington Hall Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Joseph D. Clark
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Southern Appalachian Research Branch; University of Tennessee; 274 Ellington Hall Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Joseph G. Yarkovich
- National Park Service; Great Smoky Mountains National Park; 107 Park Headquarters Road Gatlinburg TN 37738 USA
| | - William H. Stiver
- National Park Service; Great Smoky Mountains National Park; 107 Park Headquarters Road Gatlinburg TN 37738 USA
| | - E. Kim Delozier
- National Park Service; Great Smoky Mountains National Park; 107 Park Headquarters Road Gatlinburg TN 37738 USA
| | - Brittany L. Slabach
- University of Kentucky; Department of Biology; 101 T.H. Morgan Building Lexington KY 40546 USA
| | - John. J. Cox
- University of Kentucky; Department of Forestry; 102 T.P. Copper Building Lexington KY 40546 USA
| | - Bradley F. Miller
- Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency; 3030 Wildlife Way Morristown TN 37814 USA
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10
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Aycrigg JL, Garton EO. Linking metapopulation structure to elk population management in Idaho: a genetic approach. J Mammal 2014. [DOI: 10.1644/12-mamm-a-300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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11
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Latch EK, Reding DM, Heffelfinger JR, Alcalá-Galván CH, Rhodes OE. Range-wide analysis of genetic structure in a widespread, highly mobile species (Odocoileus hemionus) reveals the importance of historical biogeography. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:3171-90. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily K. Latch
- Department of Biological Sciences; Behavioral and Molecular Ecology Research Group; University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee; 3209 N. Maryland Ave. Milwaukee WI 53211 USA
| | - Dawn M. Reding
- Department of Biology; Luther College; 700 College Dr. Decorah IA 52101 USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology; Iowa State University; 251 Bessey Hall Ames IA 50011 USA
| | | | - Carlos H. Alcalá-Galván
- DICTUS-Universidad de Sonora; Blvd; Edif. 7H. Luis Donaldo Colosio s/n, Col. Centro Hermosillo Sonora 83100 México
| | - Olin E. Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory; PO Drawer E Aiken SC 29802 USA
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12
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Sex-Biased Gene Flow Among Elk in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 2014. [DOI: 10.3996/022012-jfwm-017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Puckett EE, Kristensen TV, Wilton CM, Lyda SB, Noyce KV, Holahan PM, Leslie DM, Beringer J, Belant JL, White D, Eggert LS. Influence of drift and admixture on population structure of American black bears (Ursus americanus) in the Central Interior Highlands, USA, 50 years after translocation. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:2414-27. [PMID: 24712442 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily E. Puckett
- Division of Biological Sciences; University of Missouri; 226 Tucker Hall Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Thea V. Kristensen
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Arkansas; Science and Engineering 601 Fayetteville AR 72701 USA
| | - Clay M. Wilton
- Carnivore Ecology Laboratory; Forest and Wildlife Research Center; Mississippi State University; Box 9690 Mississippi State MS 39762 USA
| | - Sara B. Lyda
- Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management; Oklahoma State University; 007 Agriculture Hall Stillwater OK 74078 USA
| | - Karen V. Noyce
- Forest Wildlife Populations and Research Group; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; 1201 East Highway 2 Grand Rapids MN 55744 USA
| | - Paula M. Holahan
- University of Wisconsin Zoological Museum; 250 North Mills Street Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - David M. Leslie
- Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management; U.S. Geological Survey; Oklahoma State University; 007 Agriculture Hall Stillwater OK 74078 USA
| | - Jeff Beringer
- Missouri Department of Conservation; Resource Science Center; 3500 Gans Creed Road Columbia MO 65201 USA
| | - Jerrold L. Belant
- Carnivore Ecology Laboratory; Forest and Wildlife Research Center; Mississippi State University; Box 9690 Mississippi State MS 39762 USA
| | - Don White
- Arkansas Forest Resources Center; University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station; University of Arkansas-Monticello; 110 University Court Monticello AR 71656 USA
| | - Lori S. Eggert
- Division of Biological Sciences; University of Missouri; 226 Tucker Hall Columbia MO 65211 USA
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Speller C, Kooyman B, Rodrigues A, Langemann E, Jobin R, Yang D. Assessing prehistoric genetic structure and diversity of North American elk ( Cervus elaphus) populations in Alberta, Canada. CAN J ZOOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2013-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
North American elk (Cervus elaphus L., 1758) are an important component of Canada’s natural ecosystems. Overhunting and habitat decline in the 19th century led to the near eradication of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni Bailey, 1935) and Manitoban elk (Cervus elaphus manitobensis Millais, 1915) within Alberta. Though elk populations have been restored within provincial and national parks, it is unknown to what degree historic population declines affected overall genetic diversity and population structuring of the two subspecies. This study targeted 551 bp of mitochondrial D-loop DNA from 50 elk remains recovered from 16 archaeological sites (2260 BCE (before common era) to 1920 CE (common era)) to examine the former genetic diversity and population structure of Alberta’s historic elk populations. Comparisons of ancient and modern haplotype and nucleotide diversity suggest that historic population declines reduced the mitochondrial diversity of Manitoban elk, while translocation of animals from Yellowstone National Park in the early 20th century served to maintain the diversity of Rocky Mountain populations. Gene flow between the two subspecies was significantly higher in the past than today, suggesting that the two subspecies previously formed a continuous population. These data on precontact genetic diversity and gene flow in Alberta elk provide essential baseline data integral for elk management and conservation in the province.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.F. Speller
- Department of Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Ancient DNA Laboratory, Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - B. Kooyman
- Department of Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - A.T. Rodrigues
- Ancient DNA Laboratory, Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - E.G. Langemann
- Cultural Resource Services, Western and Northern Service Centre, Parks Canada, Calgary, AB T2P 3M3, Canada
| | - R.M. Jobin
- Special Investigations and Forensic Services Section, Fish and Wildlife Enforcement Branch, Justice and Solicitor General, Government of Alberta, 7th Floor, OS Longman Building, 6909-116 Street, Edmonton, AB T6H 4P2, Canada
| | - D.Y. Yang
- Ancient DNA Laboratory, Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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15
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Seidel SA, Comer CE, Conway WC, Deyoung RW, Hardin JB, Calkins GE. Influence of translocations on eastern wild turkey population genetics in Texas. J Wildl Manage 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina A. Seidel
- Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture; Stephen F. Austin State University; Box 6109 SFA Station Nacogdoches TX 75962 USA
| | - Christopher E. Comer
- Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture; Stephen F. Austin State University; Box 6109 SFA Station Nacogdoches TX 75962 USA
| | - Warren C. Conway
- Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture; Stephen F. Austin State University; Box 6109 SFA Station Nacogdoches TX 75962 USA
| | - Randy W. Deyoung
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute; Texas A&M University-Kingsville; Kingsville TX 78363 USA
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16
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Hebblewhite M, Merrill EH. Demographic balancing of migrant and resident elk in a partially migratory population through forage-predation tradeoffs. OIKOS 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19436.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Conard JM, Statham MJ, Gipson PS, Wisely SM. The Influence of Translocation Strategy and Management Practices on the Genetic Variability of a Reestablished Elk (Cervus elaphus) Population. Restor Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-100x.2010.00660.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Identification of subpopulations of North American elk (Cervus elaphus L.) using multiple lines of evidence: habitat use, dietary choice, and fecal stable isotopes. Ecol Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-010-0709-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Cronin MA, Renecker LA, Patton JC. Genetic variation in domestic and wild elk (Cervus elaphus)1. J Anim Sci 2009; 87:829-34. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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20
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Schwartz MK, McKelvey KS. Why sampling scheme matters: the effect of sampling scheme on landscape genetic results. CONSERV GENET 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-008-9622-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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