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Park BS, Jeon H, Kim Y, Kwon H, Choi GE, Chi SG, Park HM, Lee H, Kim T. Polyamine and EIF5A hypusination downstream of c-Myc confers targeted therapy resistance in BRAF mutant melanoma. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:136. [PMID: 38965534 PMCID: PMC11223307 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02031-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRAF inhibitors are widely employed in the treatment of melanoma with the BRAF V600E mutation. However, the development of resistance compromises their therapeutic efficacy. Diverse genomic and transcriptomic alterations are found in BRAF inhibitor resistant melanoma, posing a pressing need for convergent, druggable target that reverse therapy resistant tumor with different resistance mechanisms. METHODS CRISPR-Cas9 screens were performed to identify novel target gene whose inhibition selectively targets A375VR, a BRAF V600E mutant cell line with acquired resistance to vemurafenib. Various in vitro and in vivo assays, including cell competition assay, water soluble tetrazolium (WST) assay, live-dead assay and xenograft assay were performed to confirm synergistic cell death. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analyses quantified polyamine biosynthesis and changes in proteome in vemurafenib resistant melanoma. EIF5A hypusination dependent protein translation and subsequent changes in mitochondrial biogenesis and activity were assayed by O-propargyl-puromycin labeling assay, mitotracker, mitoSOX labeling and seahorse assay. Bioinformatics analyses were used to identify the association of polyamine biosynthesis with BRAF inhibitor resistance and poor prognosis in melanoma patient cohorts. RESULTS We elucidate the role of polyamine biosynthesis and its regulatory mechanisms in promoting BRAF inhibitor resistance. Leveraging CRISPR-Cas9 screens, we identify AMD1 (S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 1), a critical enzyme for polyamine biosynthesis, as a druggable target whose inhibition reduces vemurafenib resistance. Metabolomic and proteomic analyses reveal that polyamine biosynthesis is upregulated in vemurafenib-resistant cancer, resulting in enhanced EIF5A hypusination, translation of mitochondrial proteins and oxidative phosphorylation. We also identify that sustained c-Myc levels in vemurafenib-resistant cancer are responsible for elevated polyamine biosynthesis. Inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis or c-Myc reversed vemurafenib resistance both in vitro cell line models and in vivo in a xenograft model. Polyamine biosynthesis signature is associated with poor prognosis and shorter progression free survival after BRAF/MAPK inhibitor treatment in melanoma cohorts, highlighting the clinical relevance of our findings. CONCLUSIONS Our findings delineate the molecular mechanisms involving polyamine-EIF5A hypusination-mitochondrial respiration pathway conferring BRAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma. These targets will serve as effective therapeutic targets that can maximize the therapeutic efficacy of existing BRAF inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Sun Park
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarangro-14-Gil, SeongbukGu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 AnamRo, SeongbukGu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeju Jeon
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarangro-14-Gil, SeongbukGu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 AnamRo, SeongbukGu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonseo Kim
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarangro- 14-Gil, SeongbukGu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Haejin Kwon
- Advanced Analysis and Data Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarangro-14-Gil, SeongbukGu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Eun Choi
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarangro-14-Gil, SeongbukGu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Gil Chi
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 AnamRo, SeongbukGu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Mee Park
- Advanced Analysis and Data Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarangro-14-Gil, SeongbukGu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbeom Lee
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarangro- 14-Gil, SeongbukGu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Tackhoon Kim
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarangro-14-Gil, SeongbukGu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 AnamRo, SeongbukGu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 GajeongRo YuseongGu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Takeuchi H, Miyamoto T, Fuseya C, Asaka R, Ida K, Ono M, Tanaka Y, Shinagawa M, Ando H, Asaka S, Shiozawa T. PIM1 is a Poor Prognostic Factor for and Potential Therapeutic Target in Serous Carcinoma of the Endometrium. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2023; 42:282-292. [PMID: 35443252 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Serous carcinoma (SC) is an aggressive histologic type of endometrial carcinoma (EMC) with a poor prognosis. The development of novel therapeutics for SC is an important issue. PIM1 is a serine/threonine kinase involved in various cellular functions, such as cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and transcriptional activation via the phosphorylation of many target proteins, including MYC. PIM1 is overexpressed in several cancers and has been associated with treatment-resistance. We investigated the expression and function of PIM1 in EMC, particularly SC. Immunohistochemical analysis in 133 EMC cases [103 endometrioid carcinomas (EC) and 30 SC] revealed the significantly stronger expression of PIM1 in SC than in EC and significantly shorter survival of patients with overexpression of PIM1 in all EMC cases, as well as in only SC cases. A multivariate analysis identified overexpression of PIM1 as an independent prognostic factor. The knockdown of PIM1 by siRNA in the SC cell line, ARK1, decreased the expression of phosphorylated MYC and reduced proliferation, migration, and invasion. The PIM1 inhibitor, SGI-1776, reduced cell viability in SC cell lines (ARK1, ARK2, and SPAC1L) with IC50 between 1 and 5 µM. SGI-1776 also reduced the migration and invasion of ARK1 cells. Moreover, the oral administration of SGI-1776 significantly suppressed subcutaneous ARK1 xenograft tumor growth in nude mice without impairing health. These results indicate that PIM1 is involved in the acquisition of aggressiveness and suggest the potential of PIM1 as a novel therapeutic target and SGI-1776 as a therapeutic agent for SC.
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Liang T, Chen J, Xu G, Zhang Z, Xue J, Zeng H, Jiang J, Chen T, Qin Z, Li H, Ye Z, Nie Y, Liu C, Zhan X. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition interaction with CD8+ T cell, dendritic cell and immune checkpoints in the development of melanoma. Cancer Biomark 2021; 34:131-147. [PMID: 34957999 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-210329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is fatal cancer originating from melanocytes, whose high metastatic potential leads to an extremely poor prognosis. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to reveal the relationship among EMT, TIICs, and immune checkpoints in melanoma. METHODS Gene expression data and clinical data of melanoma were downloaded from TCGA, UCSC Xena and GEO databases. EMT-related DEGs were detected for risk score calculation. "ESTIMATE" and "xCell" were used for estimating TIICs and obtaining 64 immune cell subtypes, respectively. Moreover, we evaluated the relationship between the risk score and immune cell subtypes and immune checkpoints. RESULTS Seven EMT-related genes were selected to establish a risk scoring system because of their integrated prognostic relevance. The results of GSEA revealed that most of the gene sets focused on immune-related pathways in the low-risk score group. The risk score was significantly correlated with the xCell score of some TIICs, which significantly affected the prognosis of melanoma. Patients with a low-risk score may be associated with a better response to ICI therapy. CONCLUSION The individualized risk score could effectively conduct risk stratification, overall survival prediction, ICI therapy prediction, and TME judgment for patients with melanoma, which would be conducive to patients' precise treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Liang
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiarui Chen
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guoyong Xu
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zide Zhang
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiang Xue
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Haopeng Zeng
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Tianyou Chen
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhaojie Qin
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhen Ye
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yunfeng Nie
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xinli Zhan
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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AKKURT B. On the Biological Importance, Preparation, and Uses of Imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-Based Compounds. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.1000771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Guarra F, Pratesi A, Gabbiani C, Biver T. A focus on the biological targets for coinage metal-NHCs as potential anticancer complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 217:111355. [PMID: 33596529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metal complexes of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands are the object of increasing attention for therapeutic purposes. Among the different metal centres, interest on Au-based compounds started with the application as anti-arthritis drugs. On the other hand, Ag(I) antimicrobial properties have been known for a long time. For Au(I)/Au(III)-NHC and Ag(I)-NHC anti-tumour and anti-proliferative properties have been quite recently demonstrated. In addition to these and as for Group 11, copper is a much less investigated metal centre, but a few papers underline its pharmacological potential. This review wants to focus on the different biological targets for these metal-based compounds. It is divided into chapters which are respectively devoted on: i) mitochondria and thiol oxidoreductase systems; ii) other relevant enzymes; iii) nucleic acids. Examples of representative coinage NHCs for each of the targets are provided together with significant references on recent advances on the topic. Moreover, a final comment summarises the aspects enlightened by each chapter and provides some hints to better understand the metal-NHCs mechanistic behaviour based on structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Guarra
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Pratesi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Gabbiani
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tarita Biver
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Górniak P, Wasylecka-Juszczyńska M, Ługowska I, Rutkowski P, Polak A, Szydłowski M, Juszczyński P. BRAF inhibition curtails IFN-gamma-inducible PD-L1 expression and upregulates the immunoregulatory protein galectin-1 in melanoma cells. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:1817-1832. [PMID: 32330348 PMCID: PMC7400781 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although melanoma is considered one of the most immunogenic malignancies, spontaneous T‐cell responses to melanoma antigens are ineffective due to tumor cell‐intrinsic or microenvironment‐driven immune evasion mechanisms. For example, oncogenic BRAF V600E mutation in melanoma cells fosters tumor immune escape by modulating cell immunogenicity and microenvironment composition. BRAF inhibition has been shown to increase melanoma cell immunogenicity, but these effects are transient and long‐term responses are uncommon. For these reasons, we aimed to further characterize the role of BRAF‐V600E mutation in the modulation of PD‐L1, a known immunoregulatory molecule, and galectin‐1 (Gal‐1), a potent immunoregulatory lectin involved in melanoma immune privilege. We report herein that vemurafenib downregulates IFN‐γ‐induced PD‐L1 expression by interfering with STAT1 activity and by decreasing PD‐L1 protein translation. Surprisingly, melanoma cells exposed to vemurafenib expressed higher levels of Gal‐1. In coculture experiments, A375 melanoma cells pretreated with vemurafenib induced apoptosis of interacting Jurkat T cells, whereas genetic inhibition of Gal‐1 in these cells restored the viability of cocultured T lymphocytes, indicating that Gal‐1 contributes to tumor immune escape. Importantly, Gal‐1 plasma concentration increased in patients progressing on BRAF/MEK inhibitor treatment, but remained stable in responding patients. Taken together, these results suggest a two‐faceted nature of BRAF inhibition‐associated immunomodulatory effects: an early immunostimulatory activity, mediated at least in part by decreased PD‐L1 expression, and a delayed immunosuppressive effect associated with Gal‐1 induction. Importantly, our observations suggest that Gal‐1 might be utilized as a potential biomarker and a putative therapeutic target in melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Górniak
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Iwona Ługowska
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland.,Early Phase Clinical Trial Unit, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Polak
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Szydłowski
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Juszczyński
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
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Functionalization of 9-thioxanthone at the 1-position: From arylamino derivatives to [1]benzo(thio)pyrano[4,3,2-de]benzothieno[2,3-b]quinolines of biological interest. Bioorg Chem 2019; 94:103347. [PMID: 31810757 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Original 1-amino substituted thioxanthone derivatives were easily prepared from the bare heterocycle by a deprotometalation-iodolysis-copper-catalyzed CN bond formation sequence. This last reaction delivered mono- or/and diarylated products depending on the aniline involved. 1-Amino-9-thioxanthone was also prepared and reacted with 2-iodoheterocycles. Interestingly, while 1-(arylamino)-9-thioxanthones could be isolated, their subsequent cyclization was found to deliver original hexacyclic derivatives of helicoidal nature. Evaluation of their photophysical properties revealed high fluorescence in polar media, indicating potential applications for biological imaging. These compounds being able to inhibit PIM1 kinase, their putative binding mode was examined through molecular modeling experiments. Altogether, these results tend to suggest the discovery of a new family of fluorescent PIM inhibitors and pave the way for their future rational optimization.
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Lin A, Giuliano CJ, Palladino A, John KM, Abramowicz C, Yuan ML, Sausville EL, Lukow DA, Liu L, Chait AR, Galluzzo ZC, Tucker C, Sheltzer JM. Off-target toxicity is a common mechanism of action of cancer drugs undergoing clinical trials. Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:eaaw8412. [PMID: 31511426 PMCID: PMC7717492 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw8412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ninety-seven percent of drug-indication pairs that are tested in clinical trials in oncology never advance to receive U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval. While lack of efficacy and dose-limiting toxicities are the most common causes of trial failure, the reason(s) why so many new drugs encounter these problems is not well understood. Using CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis, we investigated a set of cancer drugs and drug targets in various stages of clinical testing. We show that-contrary to previous reports obtained predominantly with RNA interference and small-molecule inhibitors-the proteins ostensibly targeted by these drugs are nonessential for cancer cell proliferation. Moreover, the efficacy of each drug that we tested was unaffected by the loss of its putative target, indicating that these compounds kill cells via off-target effects. By applying a genetic target-deconvolution strategy, we found that the mischaracterized anticancer agent OTS964 is actually a potent inhibitor of the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK11 and that multiple cancer types are addicted to CDK11 expression. We suggest that stringent genetic validation of the mechanism of action of cancer drugs in the preclinical setting may decrease the number of therapies tested in human patients that fail to provide any clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Lin
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Christopher J Giuliano
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Ann Palladino
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Kristen M John
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
- Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Connor Abramowicz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
- New York Institute of Technology, Glen Head, NY 11545, USA
| | - Monet Lou Yuan
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
- Syosset High School, Syosset, NY 11791, USA
| | - Erin L Sausville
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Devon A Lukow
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Luwei Liu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | | | | | - Clara Tucker
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jason M Sheltzer
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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Human melanoma brain metastases cell line MUG-Mel1, isolated clones and their detailed characterization. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4096. [PMID: 30858407 PMCID: PMC6411871 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40570-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a leading cause of high mortality that frequently spreads to the brain and is associated with deterioration in quality and quantity of life. Treatment opportunities have been restricted until now and new therapy options are urgently required. Our focus was to reveal the potential heterogeneity of melanoma brain metastasis. We succeeded to establish a brain melanoma metastasis cell line, namely MUG-Mel1 and two resulting clones D5 and C8 by morphological variety, differences in lipidome, growth behavior, surface, and stem cell markers. Mutation analysis by next-generation sequencing, copy number profiling, and cytogenetics demonstrated the different genetic profile of MUG-Mel1 and clones. Tumorigenicity was unsuccessfully tested in various mouse systems and finally established in a zebra fish model. As innovative treatment option, with high potential to pass the blood-brain barrier a peptide isolated from lactoferricin was studied in potential toxicity. Brain metastases are a major clinical challenge, therefore the development of relevant in vitro and in vivo models derived from brain melanoma metastases provides valuable information about tumor biology and offers great potential to screen for new innovative therapies.
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Atay C, Kwak T, Lavilla-Alonso S, Donthireddy L, Richards A, Moberg V, Pilon-Thomas S, Schell M, Messina JL, Rebecca VW, Xiao M, Tan J, Zhang G, Weber JS, Herlyn M, Sarnaik AA, Gabrilovich DI. BRAF Targeting Sensitizes Resistant Melanoma to Cytotoxic T Cells. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:2783-2794. [PMID: 30765391 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE BRAF and MEK inhibitors (BRAFi and MEKi) are actively used for the treatment of metastatic melanoma in patients with BRAFV600E mutation in their tumors. However, the development of resistance to BRAFi and MEKi remains a difficult clinical challenge with limited therapeutic options available to these patients. In this study, we investigated the mechanism and potential therapeutic utility of combination BRAFi and adoptive T-cell therapy (ACT) in melanoma resistant to BRAFi. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Investigations were performed in vitro and in vivo with various human melanoma cell lines sensitive and resistant to BRAFi as well as patient-derived xenografts (PDX) derived from patients. In addition, samples were evaluated from patients on a clinical trial of BRAFi in combination with ACT. RESULTS Herein we report that in human melanoma cell lines, senstitive and resistant to BRAFi and in PDX from patients who progressed on BRAFi and MEKi therapy, BRAFi caused transient upregulation of mannose-6-phosphate receptor (M6PR). This sensitized tumor cells to CTLs via uptake of granzyme B, a main component of the cytotoxic activity of CTLs. Treatment of mice bearing resistant tumors with BRAFi enhanced the antitumor effect of patients' TILs. A pilot clinical trial of 16 patients with metastatic melanoma who were treated with the BRAFi vemurafenib followed by therapy with TILs demonstrated a significant increase of M6PR expression on tumors during vemurafenib treatment. CONCLUSIONS BRAF-targeted therapy sensitized resistant melanoma cells to CTLs, which opens new therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of patients with BRAF-resistant disease.See related commentary by Goff and Rosenberg, p. 2682.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Atay
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Philadelphia
| | | | | | | | - Allison Richards
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Valerie Moberg
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Michael Schell
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jane L Messina
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Min Xiao
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Philadelphia
| | - Jiufeng Tan
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Philadelphia
| | - Gao Zhang
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Philadelphia
| | - Jeffrey S Weber
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | | | - Amod A Sarnaik
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
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Honorato J, Colina-Vegas L, Correa RS, Guedes APM, Miyata M, Pavan FR, Ellena J, Batista AA. Esterification of the free carboxylic group from the lutidinic acid ligand as a tool to improve the cytotoxicity of Ru(ii) complexes. Inorg Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qi00941d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The esterification of the free carboxyl group in ruthenium complexes improves the complex interactions with biomolecules, lipophilicity, and cellular uptake, making them more selective against tumor cells than cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Honorato
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos – UFSCar
- São Carlos
- Brazil
| | - Legna Colina-Vegas
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos – UFSCar
- São Carlos
- Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S. Correa
- Departamento de Química
- ICEB
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto – UFOP
- Ouro Preto MG
- Brazil
| | - Adriana P. M. Guedes
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos – UFSCar
- São Carlos
- Brazil
| | - Marcelo Miyata
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
- Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP
- Araraquara
- Brazil
| | - Fernando R. Pavan
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
- Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP
- Araraquara
- Brazil
| | - Javier Ellena
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos
- Universidade de São Paulo – USP
- São Carlos
- Brazil
| | - Alzir A. Batista
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos – UFSCar
- São Carlos
- Brazil
- Instituto de Química
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An J, Xu J, Li J, Jia S, Li X, Lu Y, Yang Y, Lin Z, Xin X, Wu M, Zheng Q, Pu H, Gui X, Li T, Lu D. HistoneH3 demethylase JMJD2A promotes growth of liver cancer cells through up-regulating miR372. Oncotarget 2018; 8:49093-49109. [PMID: 28467776 PMCID: PMC5564752 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in histone lysine methylation status have been observed during cancer formation. JMJD2A protein is a demethylase that is overexpressed in several tumors. Herein, our results demonstrate that JMJD2A accelerates malignant progression of liver cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, JMJD2A promoted the expression and mature of pre-miR372 epigenetically. Notably, miR372 blocks the editing of 13th exon-introns-14th exon and forms a novel transcript(JMJD2AΔ) of JMJD2A. In particular, JMJD2A inhibited P21(WAF1/Cip1) expression by decreasing H3K9me3 dependent on JMJD2AΔ. Thereby, JMJD2A could enhance Pim1 transcription by suppressing P21(WAF1/Cip1). Furthermore, through increasing the expression of Pim1, JMJD2A could facilitate the interaction among pRB, CDK2 and CyclinE which prompts the transcription and translation of oncogenic C-myc. Strikingly, JMJD2A may trigger the demethylation of Pim1. On the other hand, Pim1 knockdown and P21(WAF1/Cip1) overexpression fully abrogated the oncogenic function of JMJD2A. Our observations suggest that JMJD2A promotes liver cancer cell cycle progress through JMJD2A-miR372-JMJD2AΔ-P21WAF1/Cip1-Pim1-pRB-CDK2-CyclinE-C-myc axis. This study elucidates a novel mechanism for JMJD2A in liver cancer cells and suggests that JMJD2A can be used as a novel therapeutic targets of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui An
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 20092, China
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 20092, China
| | - Jiao Li
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Song Jia
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 20092, China
| | - Yanan Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 20092, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 20092, China
| | - Zhuojia Lin
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 20092, China
| | - Xiaoru Xin
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 20092, China
| | - Mengying Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 20092, China
| | - Qidi Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 20092, China
| | - Hu Pu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 20092, China
| | - Xin Gui
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 20092, China
| | - Tianming Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 20092, China
| | - Dongdong Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 20092, China
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13
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Lv DL, Chen L, Ding W, Zhang W, Wang HL, Wang S, Liu WB. Ginsenoside G-Rh2 synergizes with SMI-4a in anti-melanoma activity through autophagic cell death. Chin Med 2018; 13:11. [PMID: 29483938 PMCID: PMC5820787 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-018-0168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Melanoma is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and SMI-4a and G-Rh2 exert anti-tumor activity in multiple cancer. However, SMI-4a as well as a synergistic relationship between SMI-4a and G-Rh2 in anti-melanoma capacity are still unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effects of SMI-4a and combined SMI-4a with G-Rh2 on the viability, apoptosis and autophagy of melanoma, and to preliminarily explore the underlying mechanism of SMI-4a and combined SMI-4a with G-Rh2 in inhibiting tumor growth. Methods Cell viability was examined with cell counting Kit 8 assay and colony formation assay; Apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry and Caspase 3/7 activity assay; Western blotting was used to test proteins related to autophagy and the AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway; Tumor xenograft model in BALB/c nude mice was performed to evaluate the effects of SMI-4a and combined SMI-4a with G-Rh2 in anti-melanoma in vivo. Results SMI-4a, a pharmacological inhibitor of PIM-1, could decrease cell viability, induce apoptosis, and promote Caspase 3/7 activity in both A375 and G361 melanoma cells, and SMI-4a inhibited tumor growth by inducing autophagy via down-regulating AKT/mTOR axis in melanoma cells. Furthermore, G-Rh2 amplified the anti-tumor activity of SMI-4a in melanoma cells via strengthening autophagy. Conclusions Our results suggested that SMI-4a could enhance autophagy-inducing apoptosis by inhibiting AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in melanoma cells, and G-Rh2 could enhance the effects of SMI-4a against melanoma cancer via amplifying autophagy induction. This study demonstrates that combined SMI-4a and G-Rh2 might be a novel alternative strategy for melanoma treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13020-018-0168-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Lun Lv
- 1Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000 Anhui China
| | - Lei Chen
- 1Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000 Anhui China
| | - Wei Ding
- 1Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000 Anhui China
| | - Wei Zhang
- 1Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000 Anhui China
| | - He-Li Wang
- 1Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000 Anhui China
| | - Shuai Wang
- 1Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000 Anhui China
| | - Wen-Bei Liu
- 2Dermatological Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000 Anhui China
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14
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Hammerlindl H, Ravindran Menon D, Hammerlindl S, Emran AA, Torrano J, Sproesser K, Thakkar D, Xiao M, Atkinson VG, Gabrielli B, Haass NK, Herlyn M, Krepler C, Schaider H. Acetylsalicylic Acid Governs the Effect of Sorafenib in RAS-Mutant Cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 24:1090-1102. [PMID: 29196297 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Identify and characterize novel combinations of sorafenib with anti-inflammatory painkillers to target difficult-to-treat RAS-mutant cancer.Experimental Design: The cytotoxicity of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) in combination with the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib (Nexavar) was assessed in RAS-mutant cell lines in vitro The underlying mechanism for the increased cytotoxicity was investigated using selective inhibitors and shRNA-mediated gene knockdown. In vitro results were confirmed in RAS-mutant xenograft mouse models in vivoResults: The addition of aspirin but not isobutylphenylpropanoic acid (ibruprofen) or celecoxib (Celebrex) significantly increased the in vitro cytotoxicity of sorafenib. Mechanistically, combined exposure resulted in increased BRAF/CRAF dimerization and the simultaneous hyperactivation of the AMPK and ERK pathways. Combining sorafenib with other AMPK activators, such as metformin or A769662, was not sufficient to decrease cell viability due to sole activation of the AMPK pathway. The cytotoxicity of sorafenib and aspirin was blocked by inhibition of the AMPK or ERK pathways through shRNA or via pharmacologic inhibitors of RAF (LY3009120), MEK (trametinib), or AMPK (compound C). The combination was found to be specific for RAS/RAF-mutant cells and had no significant effect in RAS/RAF-wild-type keratinocytes or melanoma cells. In vivo treatment of human xenografts in NSG mice with sorafenib and aspirin significantly reduced tumor volume compared with each single-agent treatment.Conclusions: Combination sorafenib and aspirin exerts cytotoxicity against RAS/RAF-mutant cells by simultaneously affecting two independent pathways and represents a promising novel strategy for the treatment of RAS-mutant cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 24(5); 1090-102. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Hammerlindl
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dinoop Ravindran Menon
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sabrina Hammerlindl
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Abdullah Al Emran
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Joachim Torrano
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Divya Thakkar
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Min Xiao
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Victoria G Atkinson
- Division of Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brian Gabrielli
- Mater Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nikolas K Haass
- The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | - Helmut Schaider
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia. .,The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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15
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Intersecting transcriptomic profiling technologies and long non-coding RNA function in lung adenocarcinoma: discovery, mechanisms, and therapeutic applications. Oncotarget 2017; 8:81538-81557. [PMID: 29113413 PMCID: PMC5655308 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously thought of as junk transcripts and pseudogene remnants, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have come into their own over the last decade as an essential component of cellular activity, regulating a plethora of functions within multicellular organisms. lncRNAs are now known to participate in development, cellular homeostasis, immunological processes, and the development of disease. With the advent of next generation sequencing technology, hundreds of thousands of lncRNAs have been identified. However, movement beyond mere discovery to the understanding of molecular processes has been stymied by the complicated genomic structure, tissue-restricted expression, and diverse regulatory roles lncRNAs play. In this review, we will focus on lncRNAs involved in lung cancer, the most common cause of cancer-related death in the United States and worldwide. We will summarize their various methods of discovery, provide consensus rankings of deregulated lncRNAs in lung cancer, and describe in detail the limited functional analysis that has been undertaken so far.
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16
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Geldenhuys WJ, Bergeron SA, Mullins JE, Aljammal R, Gaasch BL, Chen WC, Yun J, Hazlehurst LA. High-content screen using zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos identifies a novel kinase activator and inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2029-2037. [PMID: 28320616 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this report we utilized zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos in a phenotypical high-content screen (HCS) to identify novel leads in a cancer drug discovery program. We initially validated our HCS model using the flavin adenosine dinucleotide (FAD) containing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) enzyme, endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase (ERO1) inhibitor EN460. EN460 showed a dose response effect on the embryos with a dose of 10μM being significantly lethal during early embryonic development. The HCS campaign which employed a small library identified a promising lead compound, a naphthyl-benzoic acid derivative coined compound 1 which had significant dosage and temporally dependent effects on notochord and muscle development in zebrafish embryos. Screening a 369 kinase member panel we show that compound 1 is a PIM3 kinase inhibitor (IC50=4.078μM) and surprisingly a DAPK1 kinase agonist/activator (EC50=39.525μM). To our knowledge this is the first example of a small molecule activating DAPK1 kinase. We provide a putative model for increased phosphate transfer in the ATP binding domain when compound 1 is virtually docked with DAPK1. Our data indicate that observable phenotypical changes can be used in future zebrafish screens to identify compounds acting via similar molecular signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner J Geldenhuys
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States.
| | - Sadie A Bergeron
- Department of Biology, Eberly College of Arts and Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Jackie E Mullins
- Department of Biology, Eberly College of Arts and Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Rowaa Aljammal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Briah L Gaasch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Wei-Chi Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - June Yun
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, United States
| | - Lori A Hazlehurst
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
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