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Wang J, Chen Q, Wang X, Zhao S, Deng H, Guo B, Zhang C, Song X, Deng W, Zhang T, Ni H. TFIIB-related factor 1 is a nucleolar protein that promotes RNA polymerase I-directed transcription and tumour cell growth. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:104-121. [PMID: 35925837 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic RNA polymerase I (Pol I) products play fundamental roles in ribosomal assembly, protein synthesis, metabolism and cell growth. Abnormal expression of both Pol I transcription-related factors and Pol I products causes a range of diseases, including ribosomopathies and cancers. However, the factors and mechanisms governing Pol I-dependent transcription remain to be elucidated. Here, we report that transcription factor IIB-related factor 1 (BRF1), a subunit of transcription factor IIIB required for RNA polymerase III (Pol III)-mediated transcription, is a nucleolar protein and modulates Pol I-mediated transcription. We showed that BRF1 can be localized to the nucleolus in several human cell types. BRF1 expression correlates positively with Pol I product levels and tumour cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Pol III transcription inhibition assays confirmed that BRF1 modulates Pol I-directed transcription in an independent manner rather than through a Pol III product-to-45S pre-rRNA feedback mode. Mechanistically, BRF1 binds to the Pol I transcription machinery components and can be recruited to the rDNA promoter along with them. Additionally, alteration of BRF1 expression affects the recruitment of Pol I transcription machinery components to the rDNA promoter and the expression of TBP and TAF1A. These findings indicate that BRF1 modulates Pol I-directed transcription by controlling the expression of selective factor 1 subunits. In summary, we identified a novel role of BRF1 in Pol I-directed transcription, suggesting that BRF1 can independently regulate both Pol I- and Pol III-mediated transcription and act as a key coordinator of Pol I and Pol III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- School of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.,School of Materials and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Qiyue Chen
- School of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Shasha Zhao
- School of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Huan Deng
- School of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Baoqiang Guo
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xiaoye Song
- School of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Wensheng Deng
- School of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Tongcun Zhang
- School of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Hongwei Ni
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
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2
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Malcolm JR, Leese NK, Lamond-Warner PI, Brackenbury WJ, White RJ. Widespread association of ERα with RMRP and tRNA genes in MCF-7 cells and breast cancers. Gene X 2022; 821:146280. [PMID: 35143945 PMCID: PMC8942118 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER) interacts with hundreds of tRNA genes (tDNAs) in MCF-7 cells. Hundreds of tDNAs are also targeted in primary breast tumours and metastases. Canonical estrogen response element is not found near top tDNA targets of ER. ER also targets non-coding breast cancer driver gene RMRP. ER also targets RN7SL1 gene that promotes breast cancer progression.
tRNA gene transcription by RNA polymerase III (Pol III) is a tightly regulated process, but dysregulated Pol III transcription is widely observed in cancers. Approximately 75% of all breast cancers are positive for expression of Estrogen Receptor alpha (ERα), which acts as a key driver of disease. MCF-7 cells rapidly upregulate tRNA gene transcription in response to estrogen and ChIP-PCR demonstrated ERα enrichment at tRNALeu and 5S rRNA genes in this breast cancer cell line. While these data implicate the ERα as a Pol III transcriptional regulator, how widespread this regulation is across the 631 tRNA genes has yet to be revealed. Through analyses of ERα ChIP-seq datasets, we show that ERα interacts with hundreds of tRNA genes, not only in MCF-7 cells, but also in primary human breast tumours and distant metastases. The extent of ERα association with tRNA genes varies between breast cancer cell lines and does not correlate with levels of ERα binding to its canonical target gene GREB1. Amongst other Pol III-transcribed genes, ERα is consistently enriched at the long non-coding RNA gene RMRP, a positive regulator of cell cycle progression that is subject to focal amplification in tumours. Another Pol III template targeted by ERα is the RN7SL1 gene, which is strongly implicated in breast cancer pathology by inducing inflammatory responses in tumours. Our data indicate that Pol III-transcribed non-coding genes should be added to the list of ERα targets in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie R Malcolm
- Department of Biology, The University of York, Heslington Road, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha K Leese
- Department of Biology, The University of York, Heslington Road, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | | | - William J Brackenbury
- Department of Biology, The University of York, Heslington Road, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J White
- Department of Biology, The University of York, Heslington Road, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
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3
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Lee CM, Kang MA, Bae JS, Park K, Yang YH, Lee J, Jang KY, Park SH. An in vitro study on anti-carcinogenic effect of remdesivir in human ovarian cancer cells via generation of reactive oxygen species. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221089257. [PMID: 35417658 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221089257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remdesivir is an anti-viral drug that inhibits RNA polymerase. In 2020, remdesivir was recognized as the most promising therapeutic agents against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the effects of remdesivir on cancers have hardly been studied. PURPOSE Here, we reported that the anti-carcinogenic effect of remdesivir on SKOV3 cells, one of human ovarian cancer cell lines. RESEARCH DESIGN We anlalyzed the anti-carcarcinogenic effect of remdesivir in SKOV3 cells by performing in vitro cell assay and western blotting. RESULTS WST-1 showed that remdesivir decreased cell viability in SKOV3 cells. Experiments conducted by Muse Cell Analyzer showed that remdesivir-induced apoptosis in SKOV3 cells. We found that the expression level of FOXO3, Bax, and Bim increased, whereas Bcl-2, caspase-3, and caspase-7 decreased by remdesivir in SKOV3 cells. Furthermore, we observed that intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level increased after treatment of remdesivir in SKOV3 cells. Interestingly, cytotoxicity of remdesivir decreased after treatment of N-Acetylcysteine. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results demonstrated that remdesivir has an anti-carcinogenic effect on SKOV3 cells vis up-regulation of reactive oxygen species, which suggests that remdesivir could be a promising reagent for treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Min Lee
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, 65686Hongik University, Sejong, South Korea
| | | | - Jun Sang Bae
- Department of Pathology, 35030Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Kyungmoon Park
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, 65686Hongik University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, 34965Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, 65666Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Kyu Yun Jang
- Department of Pathology, 90158Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - See-Hyoung Park
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, 65686Hongik University, Sejong, South Korea
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4
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Zheng L, Lin Y, Zhong S. ROS Signaling-Mediated Novel Biological Targets: Brf1 and RNA Pol III Genes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5888432. [PMID: 34646425 PMCID: PMC8505076 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5888432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecule metabolism produces ROS (reactive oxygen species) under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Dietary factors (alcohol) and carcinogens (EGF, DEN, and MNNG) also induce the release of ROS. ROS often causes cell stress and tissue injury, eventually resulting in disorders or diseases of the body through different signaling pathways. Normal metabolism of protein is critically important to maintain cellular function and body health. Brf1 (transcript factor II B-related factor 1) and its target genes, RNA Pol III genes (RNA polymerase III-dependent genes), control the process of protein synthesis. Studies have demonstrated that the deregulation of Brf1 and its target genes is tightly linked to cell proliferation, cell transformation, tumor development, and human cancers, while alcohol, EGF, DEN, and MNNG are able to induce the deregulation of these genes through different signaling pathways. Therefore, it is very important to emphasize the roles of these signaling events mediating the processes of Brf1 and RNA Pol III gene transcription. In the present paper, we mainly summarize our studies on signaling events which mediate the deregulation of these genes in the past dozen years. These studies indicate that Brf1 and RNA Pol III genes are novel biological targets of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Zheng
- First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Yongluan Lin
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shuping Zhong
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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5
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Hong Z, Lin M, Zhang Y, He Z, Zheng L, Zhong S. Role of betaine in inhibiting the induction of RNA Pol III gene transcription and cell growth caused by alcohol. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 325:109129. [PMID: 32418914 PMCID: PMC7323736 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol has been classified as carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Studies have demonstrated that alcohol intake increases the risk of breast cancer, and alcohol also stimulates breast cancer cell growth. Deregulation of Pol III genes is tightly associated with tumour development. Transcription factor II-B (TFIIB)-related factor 1 (Brf1) is a transcription factor that specifically regulates Pol III gene transcription. Our in vivo and in vitro studies have indicated that alcohol enhances the transcription of Pol III genes to cause an alteration of cellular phenotypes, which is closely related with human breast cancer. Betaine is a vegetable alkaloid and has antitumor functions. Most reports about betaine show that the consumption level of betaine is inversely associated with a risk of breast cancer. Although different mechanisms of betaine against tumour have been investigated, nothing has been reported on the effect of betaine on the deregulation of Brf1 and Pol III genes. In this study, we determine the role of betaine in breast cancer cell growth and colony formation and explore its mechanism. Our results indicate that alcohol increases the rates of growth and colony formation of breast cancer cells, whereas betaine is able to significantly inhibit the effects of alcohol on these cell phenotypes. Betaine decreases the induction of Brf1 expression and Pol III gene transcription caused by ethanol to reduce the rates of cell growth and colony formation. Together, these studies provide novel insights into the role of betaine in alcohol-caused breast cancer cell growth and deregulation of Brf1 and Pol III genes. These results suggest that betaine consumption is able to prevent alcohol-associated human cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaifa Hong
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, China; Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mingen Lin
- The First Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, China; Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Shantou University Medical College, China; Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhimin He
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Liling Zheng
- First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, China.
| | - Shuping Zhong
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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6
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Hong Z, Fang Z, Lei J, Shi G, Zhang Y, He Z, Li B W, Zhong S. The significance of Runx2 mediating alcohol-induced Brf1 expression and RNA Pol III gene transcription. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 323:109057. [PMID: 32198086 PMCID: PMC7261693 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Runx2 (Runt-related transcription factor 2) is a key transcription factor which is associated with osteoblast differentiation and expressed in ER+ (estrogen receptor positive) human breast cancer cell lines. Runx2 also participates in mammary gland development. Deregulation of RNA Pol III genes (polymerase III-dependent genes) is tightly linked to tumor development, while Brf1 (TFIIB-related factor 1) specifically regulates these gene transcription. However, nothing is known about the effect of Runx2 on Brf1 expression and Pol III gene transcription. Expression of Runx2, Brf1 and Pol III genes from the samples of human breast cancer and cell culture model were determined by the assays of RT-qPCR, immunoblot, luciferase reporter activity, immunohistochemistry, chromatin immunoprecipitation and Immunofluorescence. High expression of Runx2 is observed in the cases of breast cancer. The patients of high Runx2 expression at early stages display longer survival period, whereas the cases of high Runx2 at advanced stages reveal faster recurrence. The identification of signaling pathway indicates that JNK1 and c-Jun mediate Runx2 transcription. Repression of Runx2 reduces Brf1 expression and Pol III gene transcription. Further analysis indicates that Runx2 is colocalized with Brf1 in nucleus of breast cancer tissue. Both Runx2 and Brf1 synergistically modulate Pol III gene transcription. These studies indicate that Brf1 overexpression is able to be used as an early diagnosis biomarker of breast cancer, while high Runx2 expression indicates long survival period and faster recurrence. Runx2 mediates the deregulation of Brf1 and Pol III genes and its abnormal expression predicts the worse prognosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaifa Hong
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, China; Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zeng Fang
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junxia Lei
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, China; Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ganggang Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, China; Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhiming He
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Wen Li B
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shuping Zhong
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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7
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Chen S, Yi Y, Xia T, Hong Z, Zhang Y, Shi G, He Z, Zhong S. The influences of red wine in phenotypes of human cancer cells. Gene 2019; 702:194-204. [PMID: 30366081 PMCID: PMC6478559 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol intake increases the risk of cancer development. Approximately 3.6% human cancers worldwide derive from chronic alcohol drinking, including oral, liver, breast and other organs. Our studies in vivo and in vitro have demonstrated that diluted ethanol increase RNA Pol III gene transcription and promotes cell proliferation and transformation, as well as tumor formation. However, it is unclear about the effect of red wines on the human cancer cells. In present study, we investigated the roles of red wine in human cancer cell growth, colony formation and RNA Pol III gene transcription. Low concentration (12.5 mM to 25 mM) of ethanol enhances cell proliferation of breast and esophageal cancer lines, whereas its higher concentration (100 mM to 200 mM) slightly decreases the rates. In contrast, red wines significantly repress cell proliferation of different human cancer lines from low dose to high dose. The results reveal that the red wine also inhibits colony formation of human breast cancer and esophageal carcinoma cells. The effects of repression on different human cancer lines are in a dose-dependent manner. Further analysis indicates that ethanol increases RNA Pol III gene transcription, whereas the red wines significantly reduce transcription of the genes. Interestingly, the effects of mature wine (brick red) on cancer cell phenotypes are much stronger than young wine (intense violet). Together, these new findings suggest that red wines may contain some bioactive components, which are able to inhibit human cancer cell growth and colony formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiamen University Affiliated Southeast Hospital, China
| | - Yunfeng Yi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiamen University Affiliated Southeast Hospital, China
| | - Ting Xia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiamen University Affiliated Southeast Hospital, China
| | - Zaifa Hong
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, China; Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, China; Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ganggang Shi
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Zhimin He
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Shuping Zhong
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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8
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Huang C, Zhang Y, Zhong S. Alcohol Intake and Abnormal Expression of Brf1 in Breast Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4818106. [PMID: 31781337 PMCID: PMC6874981 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4818106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease of females. Overall, one woman in every nine will get breast cancer at some time in her life. Epidemiological studies have indicated that alcohol consumption has most consistently been associated with breast cancer risk. However, the mechanism of alcohol-associated breast cancer remains to be addressed. Little is known about the effects of alcohol consumption on Brf1 (TFIIIB-related factor 1) expression and RNA Pol III gene (RNA polymerase III-dependent gene) transcription, which are responsible for protein synthesis and tightly linked to cell proliferation, cell transformation, and tumor development. Emerging evidences have indicated that alcohol induces deregulation of Brf1 and Pol III genes to cause the alterations of cell phenotypes and tumor formation. In this paper, we summarize the progresses regarding alcohol-caused increase in the expression of Brf1 and Pol III genes and analysis of its molecular mechanism of breast cancer. As the earlier and accurate diagnosis approach of breast cancer is not available yet, exploring the molecular mechanism and identifying the biomarker of alcohol-associated breast cancer are especially important. Recent studies have demonstrated that Brf1 is overexpressed in most ER+ (estrogen receptor positive) cases of breast cancer and the change in cellular levels of Brf1 reflects the therapeutic efficacy and prognosis of this disease. It suggests that Brf1 may be a potential diagnosis biomarker and a therapeutic target of alcohol-associated breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Shantou University Medical College, China
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shuping Zhong
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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9
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Zhang Y, Wu H, Yang F, Ning J, Li M, Zhao C, Zhong S, Gu K, Wang H. Prognostic Value of the Expression of DNA Repair-Related Biomarkers Mediated by Alcohol in Gastric Cancer Patients. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:367-377. [PMID: 29331492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption likely induces gastric carcinogenesis through deregulation of RNA polymerase (Pol) III genes and oxidative damage. Transcription factor IIB-related factor 1 (BRF1) overexpression alleviates RNA Pol III transcription inhibition through breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1). Myeloperoxidase (MPO) involvement in cancer is induced by alcohol-mediated oxidative damage. BRCA1/2 and MPO play key roles in DNA repair. BRCA1 and BRCA2 exert different roles in homologous recombination repair. By using human gastric cancer (GC) biopsies, we investigated the prognostic value of these proteins upon alcohol induction. In total, high expression of BRF1 (P = 0.010) and positive cell infiltration of MPO (P = 0.004) in tumor tissues as well as positive expression of BRCA1 (P < 0.001) in para-tumor tissues were more frequent in GC patients with hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption habits. BRF1 (P = 0.021), BRCA2 (P < 0.001), and MPO (P = 0.039) were independent prognostic factors for disease-free survival. BRCA1 (P = 0.005) and BRCA2 (P < 0.001) also were identified as independent prognostic factors for overall survival. Furthermore, BRCA2 was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for disease-free survival and overall survival (P < 0.001) in GC patients who underwent platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy. BRF1, BRCA1/2, and MPO are DNA repair-related biomarkers, induced by alcohol with prognostic value in GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongyang Wu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical School of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Ning
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuping Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kangsheng Gu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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10
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Fang Z, Yi Y, Shi G, Li S, Chen S, Lin Y, Li Z, He Z, Li W, Zhong S. Role of Brf1 interaction with ERα, and significance of its overexpression, in human breast cancer. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:1752-1767. [PMID: 28972307 PMCID: PMC5709663 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
TFIIB-related factor 1 (Brf1) modulates the transcription of RNA Pol III genes (polymerase-dependent genes). Upregulation of Pol III genes enhances tRNA and 5S RNA production and increases the translational capacity of cells to promote cell transformation and tumor development. However, the significance of Brf1 overexpression in human breast cancer (HBC) remains to be investigated. Here, we investigate whether Brf1 expression is increased in the samples of HBC, and we explore its molecular mechanism and the significance of Brf1 expression in HBC. Two hundred and eighteen samples of HBC were collected to determine Brf1 expression by cytological and molecular biological approaches. We utilized colocalization, coimmunoprecipitation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation methods to explore the interaction of Brf1 with estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). We determined how Brf1 and ERα modulate Pol III genes. The results indicated that Brf1 is overexpressed in most cases of HBC, which is associated with an ER-positive status. The survival period of the cases with high Brf1 expression is significantly longer than those with low levels of Brf1 after hormone treatment. ERα mediates Brf1 expression. Brf1 and ERα are colocalized in the nucleus. These results indicate an interaction between Brf1 and ERα, which synergistically regulates the transcription of Pol III genes. Inhibition of ERα by its siRNA or tamoxifen reduces cellular levels of Brf1 and Pol III gene expression and decreases the rate of colony formation of breast cancer cells. Together, these studies demonstrate that Brf1 is a good biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of HBC. This interaction of Brf1 with ERα and Brf1 itself are potential therapeutic targets for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Fang
- Laboratory of General SurgeryFirst Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yunfeng Yi
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryXiamen University Affiliated Southeast HospitalZhangzhouChina
| | - Ganggang Shi
- Department of PharmacologyShantou University Medical CollegeChina
| | - Songqi Li
- Laboratory of General SurgeryFirst Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Songlin Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryXiamen University Affiliated Southeast HospitalZhangzhouChina
| | - Ying Lin
- Laboratory of General SurgeryFirst Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhi Li
- Laboratory of General SurgeryFirst Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhimin He
- Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wen Li
- Laboratory of General SurgeryFirst Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shuping Zhong
- Department of PharmacologyShantou University Medical CollegeChina
- Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngeleCAUSA
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11
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WITHDRAWN: Abnormal expression of TFIIIB subunits and RNA Pol III genes is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. LIVER RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Lei J, Chen S, Zhong S. Abnormal expression of TFIIIB subunits and RNA Pol III genes is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. LIVER RESEARCH 2017; 1:112-120. [PMID: 29276645 PMCID: PMC5739085 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The levels of the products of RNA polymerase III-dependent genes (Pol III genes), including tRNAs and 5S rRNA, are elevated in transformed and tumor cells, which potentiate tumorigenesis. TFIIB-related factor 1 (Brf1) is a key transcription factor and specifically regulates the transcription of Pol III genes. In vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that a decrease in Brf1 reduces Pol III gene transcription and is sufficient for inhibiting cell transformation and tumor formation. Emerging evidence indicates that dysregulation of Brf1 and Pol III genes is linked to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans and animals. We have reported that Brf1 is overexpressed in human liver cancer patients and that those with high Brf1 levels have shorter survivals. This review summarizes the effects of dysregulation of these genes on HCC and their regulation by signaling pathways and epigenetics. These novel data should help us determine the molecular mechanisms of HCC from a different perspective and guide the development of therapeutic approaches for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Lei
- School of medicine, South china university of technology, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Songlin Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiamen University Affiliated Southeast Hospital, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shuping Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. (S. Zhong)
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Yi Y, Huang C, Zhang Y, Tian S, Lei J, Chen S, Shi G, Wu Z, Xia N, Zhong S. Exploring a common mechanism of alcohol-induced deregulation of RNA Pol III genes in liver and breast cells. Gene 2017; 626:309-318. [PMID: 28552569 PMCID: PMC5521807 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol intake is associated with numbers of different human cancers, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and breast cancer. However, the molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. RNA polymerase III-dependent genes (Pol III genes) deregulation elevates cellular production of tRNAs and 5S rRNA, resulting in an increase in translational capacity, which promote cell transformation and tumor formation. To explore a common mechanism of alcohol-associated human cancers, we have comparably analyzed that alcohol causes deregulation of Pol III genes in liver and breast cells. Our results reveal that alcohol enhances RNA Pol III gene transcription in both liver and breast cells. The induction of Pol III genes caused by alcohol in ER+ breast cancer lines or liver tumor lines are significantly higher than in their non-tumor cell lines. Alcohol increases cellular levels of Brf1 mRNA and protein, (which depeted) Brf1 is a key transcription factor and specifically regulate Pol III gene activity. Alcohol activates JNK1 to upregulate transcription of Brf1 and Pol III genes, whereas inhibition of JNK1 by SP600125 or its siRNA significantly decreases the induction of these genes. Furthermore, alcohol increases the rates of transformation of liver and breast cells, repressed JNK1 and Brf1 expression decrease transcription of Pol III genes and reduce the rates of colony formation of AML-12 and MCF-10 cells. Together, these studies support the idea that alcohol induces deregulation of Brf1 and RNA Pol III genes in liver and breast cells, which share a common signaling pathway to promote cell transformation. Through the common mechanism, alcohol-induced deregulation of RNA Pol III genes brings about greater phenotypic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Yi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiamen University Affiliated Southeast Hospital, China
| | - Chenghao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, China
| | - Suke Tian
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiamen University Affiliated Southeast Hospital, China
| | - Junxia Lei
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, China
| | - Songlin Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiamen University Affiliated Southeast Hospital, China
| | - Ganggang Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, China
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, China
| | - Shuping Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, China; Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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14
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Shi G, Zhong S. Alcohol-associated cancer and deregulation of Pol III genes. Gene 2017; 612:25-28. [PMID: 27697617 PMCID: PMC5374039 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that alcohol intake is associated with human cancers in different organs. However, the molecular mechanism of alcohol-associated human cancers remains to be elucidated. Here, this paper aimed to clarify a novel mechanism of alcohol-promoted cell transformation and tumor development. Alcohol induces JNK1 activation and increases cellular levels of c-Jun to upregulate Brf1 expression and Pol III gene transcription, leading to an enhancement of rates of cell transformation and tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganggang Shi
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shuping Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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15
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Zhong Q, Xi S, Liang J, Shi G, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Levy D, Zhong S. The significance of Brf1 overexpression in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:6243-54. [PMID: 26701855 PMCID: PMC4868753 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Brf1 (TFIIB-related factor 1) plays a crucial role in cell transformation and tumorigenesis. However, the significance of Brf1 expression in human HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) cases remains to be addressed. In this study, biopsies of human HCC, liver tumor samples of mice and cell lines of normal and tumor liver were utilized to determine the alteration of Brf1 expression using cytological and molecular biological approaches. Brf1 expression is increased in human HCC cases, which is correlated with shorter survival times. Levels of Brf1 and Pol III (RNA polymerase III-dependent) gene transcription in HCC patients with alcohol consumption are higher than the cases of non-HCC with or without alcohol intake. Induction of Brf1 and Pol III genes by ethanol in hepatoma cells is higher than in non-tumor cells. Ethanol increases the rate of cell transformation. Repression of Brf1 inhibits alcohol-promoted cell transformation. Alcohol consumption enhances Brf1 expression to promote cell transformation. These studies demonstrate that Brf1 is a new biomarker of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoyan Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianzhong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ganggang Shi
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shuping Zhong
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Candelaria NR, Weldon R, Muthusamy S, Nguyen-Vu T, Addanki S, Yoffou PH, Karaboga H, Blessing AM, Bollu LR, Miranda RC, Lin CY. Alcohol Regulates Genes that Are Associated with Response to Endocrine Therapy and Attenuates the Actions of Tamoxifen in Breast Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145061. [PMID: 26661278 PMCID: PMC4681367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary, hormonal, and behavioral factors contribute to the development of breast cancer. Alcohol consumption is a modifiable behavior that is linked to increased breast cancer risks and is associated with the development of hormone-dependent breast cancers as well as disease progression and recurrence following endocrine treatment. In this study we examined the molecular mechanisms of action of alcohol by applying molecular, genetic, and genomic approaches in characterizing its effects on estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cells. Treatments with alcohol promoted cell proliferation, increased growth factor signaling, and up-regulated the transcription of the ER target gene GREB1 but not the canonical target TFF1/pS2. Microarray analysis following alcohol treatment identified a large number of alcohol-responsive genes, including those which function in apoptotic and cell proliferation pathways. Furthermore, expression profiles of the responsive gene sets in tumors were strongly associated with clinical outcomes in patients who received endocrine therapy. Correspondingly, alcohol treatment attenuated the anti-proliferative effects of the endocrine therapeutic drug tamoxifen in ER-positive breast cancer cells. To determine the contribution and functions of responsive genes, their differential expression in tumors were assessed between outcome groups. The proto-oncogene BRAF was identified as a novel alcohol- and estrogen-induced gene that showed higher expression in patients with poor outcomes. Knock-down of BRAF, moreover, prevented the proliferation of breast cancer cells. These findings not only highlight the mechanistic basis of the effects of alcohol on breast cancer cells and increased risks for disease incidents and recurrence, but may facilitate the discovery and characterization of novel oncogenic pathways and markers in breast cancer research and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholes R. Candelaria
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ryan Weldon
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Selvaraj Muthusamy
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Trang Nguyen-Vu
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sridevi Addanki
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Paule-Helena Yoffou
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Husna Karaboga
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alicia M. Blessing
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lakshmi Reddy Bollu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rajesh C. Miranda
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics and Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chin-Yo Lin
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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