1
|
Han Y, Li C, Liu S, Gao J, He Y, Xiao H, Chen Q, Zheng Y, Chen H, Zhu X. Combined targeting of Hedgehog/GLI1 and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in mantle cell lymphoma. Hematol Oncol 2024; 42:e3305. [PMID: 39205619 DOI: 10.1002/hon.3305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare and aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Challenges in its treatment include relapse, drug resistance, and a short survival period. The Hedgehog/GLI1 (Hh/GLI1) and Wnt/β-catenin pathways are crucial in cancer cell proliferation, survival, and drug resistance, making them significant targets for anticancer research. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of combining inhibitors for both pathways against MCL and investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. The co-expression of key proteins from the Hh/GLI1 and Wnt/β-catenin pathways was observed in MCL. Targeting the Hh/GLI1 pathway with the GLI1 inhibitor GANT61 and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway with the CBP/β-catenin transcription inhibitor ICG-001, dual-target therapy was demonstrated to synergistically suppressed the activity of MCL cells. This approach promoted MCL cell apoptosis, induced G0/G1 phase blockade, decreased the percentage of S-phase cells, and enhanced the sensitivity of MCL cells to the drugs adriamycin and ibrutinib. Both GANT61 and ICG-001 downregulated GLI1 and β-catenin while upregulating GSK-3β expression. The interaction between Hh/GLI1 and Wnt/β-catenin pathways was mediated by GANT61-dependent Hh/GLI1 inhibition. Moreover, GLI1 knockdown combined with ICG-001 synergistically induced apoptosis and increased drug sensitivity of MCL cells to doxorubicin and ibrutinib. GANT61 attenuated the overexpression of β-catenin and decreased the inhibition of GSK-3β in MCL cells. Overall, the combined targeting of both the Hh/GLI1 and Wnt/β-catenin pathways was more effective in suppressing proliferation, inducing G0/G1 cycle retardation, promoting apoptosis, and increasing drug sensitivity of MCL cells than mono treatments. These findings emphasize the potential of combinatorial therapy for treating MCL patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Han
- Department of Hematology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chuntuan Li
- Department of Hematology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shengquan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Gao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yanjun He
- Department of Hematology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huifang Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Hematology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Hongyuan Chen
- Department of Hematology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiongpeng Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Berrino C, Omar A. Unravelling the Mysteries of the Sonic Hedgehog Pathway in Cancer Stem Cells: Activity, Crosstalk and Regulation. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:5397-5419. [PMID: 38920995 PMCID: PMC11202538 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46060323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signalling pathway plays a critical role in normal development and tissue homeostasis, guiding cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival. Aberrant activation of this pathway, however, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various cancers, largely due to its role in regulating cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are a subpopulation of cancer cells with the ability to self-renew, differentiate, and initiate tumour growth, contributing significantly to tumorigenesis, recurrence, and resistance to therapy. This review focuses on the intricate activity of the Shh pathway within the context of CSCs, detailing the molecular mechanisms through which Shh signalling influences CSC properties, including self-renewal, differentiation, and survival. It further explores the regulatory crosstalk between the Shh pathway and other signalling pathways in CSCs, highlighting the complexity of this regulatory network. Here, we delve into the upstream regulators and downstream effectors that modulate Shh pathway activity in CSCs. This review aims to cast a specific focus on the role of the Shh pathway in CSCs, provide a detailed exploration of molecular mechanisms and regulatory crosstalk, and discuss current and developing inhibitors. By summarising key findings and insights gained, we wish to emphasise the importance of further elucidating the interplay between the Shh pathway and CSCs to develop more effective cancer therapies.
Collapse
|
3
|
Leović M, Jakovčević A, Mumlek I, Zagorac I, Sabol M, Leović D. A Pilot Immunohistochemical Study Identifies Hedgehog Pathway Expression in Sinonasal Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4630. [PMID: 38731849 PMCID: PMC11083810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumors of the head and neck, more specifically the squamous cell carcinoma, often show upregulation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway. However, almost nothing is known about its role in the sinonasal adenocarcinoma, either in intestinal or non-intestinal subtypes. In this work, we have analyzed immunohistochemical staining of six Hedgehog pathway proteins, sonic Hedgehog (SHH), Indian Hedgehog (IHH), Patched1 (PTCH1), Gli family zinc finger 1 (GLI1), Gli family zinc finger 2 (GLI2), and Gli family zinc finger 3 (GLI3), on 21 samples of sinonasal adenocarcinoma and compared them with six colon adenocarcinoma and three salivary gland tumors, as well as with matching healthy tissue, where available. We have detected GLI2 and PTCH1 in the majority of samples and also GLI1 in a subset of samples, while GLI3 and the ligands SHH and IHH were generally not detected. PTCH1 pattern of staining shows an interesting pattern, where healthy samples are mostly positive in the stromal compartment, while the signal shifts to the tumor compartment in tumors. This, taken together with a stronger signal of GLI2 in tumors compared to non-tumor tissues, suggests that the Hedgehog pathway is indeed activated in sinonasal adenocarcinoma. As Hedgehog pathway inhibitors are being tested in combination with other therapies for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, this could provide a therapeutic option for patients with sinonasal adenocarcinoma as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matko Leović
- Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Antonija Jakovčević
- Department of Pathology, Cllinical Hospital Center Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ivan Mumlek
- Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Clinical Hospital Center Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Irena Zagorac
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Hospital Center Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Maja Sabol
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dinko Leović
- Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ahmad A, Tiwari RK, Siddiqui S, Chadha M, Shukla R, Srivastava V. Emerging trends in gastrointestinal cancers: Targeting developmental pathways in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 385:41-99. [PMID: 38663962 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal carcinomas are a group of cancers associated with the digestive system and its accessory organs. The most prevalent cancers related to the gastrointestinal tract are colorectal, gall bladder, gastric, hepatocellular, and esophageal cancers, respectively. Molecular aberrations in different signaling pathways, such as signal transduction systems or developmental pathways are the chief triggering mechanisms in different cancers Though a massive advancement in diagnostic and therapeutic interventions results in improved survival of patients with gastrointestinal cancer; the lower malignancy stages of these carcinomas are comparatively asymptomatic. Various gastrointestinal-related cancers are detected at advanced stages, leading to deplorable prognoses and increased rates of recurrence. Recent molecular studies have elucidated the imperative roles of several signaling pathways, namely Wnt, Hedgehog, and Notch signaling pathways, play in the progression, therapeutic responsiveness, and metastasis of gastrointestinal-related cancers. This book chapter gives an interesting update on recent findings on the involvement of developmental signaling pathways their mechanistic insight in gastrointestinalcancer. Subsequently, evidences supporting the exploration of gastrointestinal cancer related molecular mechanisms have also been discussed for developing novel therapeutic strategies against these debilitating carcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afza Ahmad
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rohit Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Clinical Research, Sharda School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saleha Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Muskan Chadha
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Sharda School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ratnakar Shukla
- Department of Clinical Research, Sharda School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Sharda School of Basic Sciences & Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu H, Zhang L, Chen B, Ou B, Xu J, Tian N, Yang D, Ai Y, Chen Q, Quan D, Zhang T, Lv L, Tian Y, Zhang J, Wu S. B13, a well-tolerated inhibitor of hedgehog pathway, exhibited potent anti-tumor effects against colorectal carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Bioorg Chem 2023; 135:106488. [PMID: 36989734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal activation of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway mediates the genesis and progression of various tumors [1]. Currently, three drugs targeting the Hh signaling component Smoothened (Smo) have been marketed for the clinical treatment of basal cell tumors or acute myeloid leukemia. However, drug resistance is a common problem in those drugs, so the study of Smo inhibitors that can overcome drug resistance has important guiding significance for clinical adjuvant drugs. MTT assay, clone formation assay and EdU assay were used to detect the proliferation inhibitory activity of the drugs on tumor cells. The effect of B13 on cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. An acute toxicity test was used to detect the toxicity of B13 in vivo, and xenograft tumor model was used to detect the efficacy of B13 in vivo. The binding of B13 to Smo was studied by BODIPY-cyclopamine competitive binding assay and molecular docking. The effect of B13 on the expression and localization of downstream target gene Gli1/2 of Smo was investigated by Western Blot and immunofluorescence assay. SmoD473H mutant cell line was constructed to study the effect of B13 against drug resistance. (1) B13 had the strongest inhibitory activity against colorectal cancer cells. (2) B13 can effectively inhibit the clone formation and EdU positive rate of colon cancer cells. (3) B13 can block the cell cycle in the G2/M phase and cell apoptosis. (4) B13 has low toxicity in vivo, and its efficacy in vivo is better than that of the Vismodegib. (5) Molecular docking and BODIPY-cyclopamine experiments showed that B13 could bind to Smo protein. (6) B13 can inhibit the protein expression of Gli1, the downstream of Smo, and inhibit its entry into the nucleus. (7) B13 could inhibit the expression of Gli1 in the HEK293 cells with SmoD473H, and the molecular docking results showed that B13 could bind SmoD473H protein. B13 with the best anti-tumor activity was screened out by MTT assay. In vitro, pharmacodynamics experiments showed that B13 could effectively inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells, induce cell cycle arrest, and induce cell apoptosis. In vivo pharmacodynamics experiments showed that B13 was superior to Vismodegib in antitumor activity and had low toxicity in vivo. Mechanism studies have shown that B13 can bind Smo protein, inhibit the expression of downstream Gli1 and its entry into the nucleus. Notably, B13 overcomes resistance caused by SmoD473H mutations.
Collapse
|
6
|
Puente-Cobacho B, Varela-López A, Quiles JL, Vera-Ramirez L. Involvement of redox signalling in tumour cell dormancy and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:49-85. [PMID: 36701089 PMCID: PMC10014738 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Decades of research on oncogene-driven carcinogenesis and gene-expression regulatory networks only started to unveil the complexity of tumour cellular and molecular biology. This knowledge has been successfully implemented in the clinical practice to treat primary tumours. In contrast, much less progress has been made in the development of new therapies against metastasis, which are the main cause of cancer-related deaths. More recently, the role of epigenetic and microenviromental factors has been shown to play a key role in tumour progression. Free radicals are known to communicate the intracellular and extracellular compartments, acting as second messengers and exerting a decisive modulatory effect on tumour cell signalling. Depending on the cellular and molecular context, as well as the intracellular concentration of free radicals and the activation status of the antioxidant system of the cell, the signalling equilibrium can be tilted either towards tumour cell survival and progression or cell death. In this regard, recent advances in tumour cell biology and metastasis indicate that redox signalling is at the base of many cell-intrinsic and microenvironmental mechanisms that control disseminated tumour cell fate and metastasis. In this manuscript, we will review the current knowledge about redox signalling along the different phases of the metastatic cascade, including tumour cell dormancy, making emphasis on metabolism and the establishment of supportive microenvironmental connections, from a redox perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Puente-Cobacho
- Department of Genomic Medicine, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncology, Pfizer-University of Granada and Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, Granada, Spain
| | - Alfonso Varela-López
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José L Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Vera-Ramirez
- Department of Genomic Medicine, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncology, Pfizer-University of Granada and Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, Granada, Spain. .,Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Understanding the Roles of the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway during T-Cell Lymphopoiesis and in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032962. [PMID: 36769284 PMCID: PMC9917970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog (HH) signaling network is one of the main regulators of invertebrate and vertebrate embryonic development. Along with other networks, such as NOTCH and WNT, HH signaling specifies both the early patterning and the polarity events as well as the subsequent organ formation via the temporal and spatial regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. However, aberrant activation of HH signaling has been identified in a broad range of malignant disorders, where it positively influences proliferation, survival, and therapeutic resistance of neoplastic cells. Inhibitors targeting the HH pathway have been tested in preclinical cancer models. The HH pathway is also overactive in other blood malignancies, including T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). This review is intended to summarize our knowledge of the biological roles and pathophysiology of the HH pathway during normal T-cell lymphopoiesis and in T-ALL. In addition, we will discuss potential therapeutic strategies that might expand the clinical usefulness of drugs targeting the HH pathway in T-ALL.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kurtović M, Piteša N, Bartoniček N, Ozretić P, Musani V, Čonkaš J, Petrić T, King C, Sabol M. RNA-seq and ChIP-seq Identification of Unique and Overlapping Targets of GLI Transcription Factors in Melanoma Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184540. [PMID: 36139698 PMCID: PMC9497141 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite significant progress in therapy, melanoma still has a rising incidence worldwide, and novel treatment strategies are needed. Recently, researchers have recognized the involvement of the Hedgehog-GLI (HH-GLI) signaling pathway in melanoma and its consistent crosstalk with the MAPK pathway. In order to further investigate the link between the two pathways and to find new target genes that could be considered for combination therapy, we set out to find transcriptional targets of all three GLI proteins in melanoma. METHODS We performed RNA sequencing on three melanoma cell lines (CHL-1, A375, and MEL224) with overexpressed GLI1, GLI2, and GLI3 and combined them with the results of ChIP-sequencing on endogenous GLI1, GLI2, and GLI3 proteins. After combining these results, 21 targets were selected for validation by qPCR. RESULTS RNA-seq revealed a total of 808 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for GLI1, 941 DEGs for GLI2, and 58 DEGs for GLI3. ChIP-seq identified 527 genes that contained GLI1 binding sites in their promoters, 1103 for GLI2 and 553 for GLI3. A total of 15 of these targets were validated in the tested cell lines, 6 of which were detected by both RNA-seq and ChIP-seq. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides insight into the unique and overlapping transcriptional output of the GLI proteins in melanoma. We suggest that our findings could provide new potential targets to consider while designing melanoma-targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matea Kurtović
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Piteša
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nenad Bartoniček
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- The Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, 370 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Petar Ozretić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vesna Musani
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josipa Čonkaš
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tina Petrić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Cecile King
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Maja Sabol
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tesanovic S, Krenn PW, Aberger F. Hedgehog/GLI signaling in hematopoietic development and acute myeloid leukemia-From bench to bedside. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:944760. [PMID: 35990601 PMCID: PMC9388743 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.944760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While the underlying genetic alterations and biology of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), an aggressive hematologic malignancy characterized by clonal expansion of undifferentiated myeloid cells, have been gradually unraveled in the last decades, translation into clinical treatment approaches has only just begun. High relapse rates remain a major challenge in AML therapy and are to a large extent attributed to the persistence of treatment-resistant leukemic stem cells (LSCs). The Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway is crucial for the development and progression of multiple cancer stem cell driven tumors, including AML, and has therefore gained interest as a therapeutic target. In this review, we give an overview of the major components of the HH signaling pathway, dissect HH functions in normal and malignant hematopoiesis, and specifically elaborate on the role of HH signaling in AML pathogenesis and resistance. Furthermore, we summarize preclinical and clinical HH inhibitor studies, leading to the approval of the HH pathway inhibitor glasdegib, in combination with low-dose cytarabine, for AML treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter W. Krenn
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Fritz Aberger
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Danesh Pouya F, Rasmi Y, Nemati M. Signaling Pathways Involved in 5-FU Drug Resistance in Cancer. Cancer Invest 2022; 40:516-543. [PMID: 35320055 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2022.2055050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Anti-metabolite drugs prevent the synthesis of essential cell growth compounds. 5-fluorouracil is used as an anti-metabolic drug in various cancers in the first stage of treatment. Unfortunately, in some cancers, 5-fluorouracil has low effectiveness because of its drug resistance. Studies have shown that drug resistance to 5-fluorouracil is due to the activation of specific signaling pathways and increased expressions of enzymes involved in drug metabolites. However, when 5-fluorouracil is used in combination with other drugs, the sensitivity of cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil increases, and the effect of drug resistance is reversed. This study discusses how the function of 5-fluorouracil in JAK/STAT, Wnt, Notch, NF-κB, and hedgehogs in some cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fahima Danesh Pouya
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yousef Rasmi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Nemati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Huang Y, Wang T. Pectin Oligosaccharides Enhance α2,6-Sialylation Modification that Promotes Apoptosis of Bladder Cancer Cells by Targeting the Hedgehog Pathway. Cell Biochem Biophys 2021; 79:719-728. [PMID: 34041669 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-021-00996-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Although pectin oligosaccharide (POS) can inhibit the growth and proliferation of gastric, colon, prostate, breast, melanoma, and leukemia cells, its effect on bladder cancer remains unknown. Therefore, screening and identification of factors associated with the sensitivity of bladder cancer to drugs and elucidation of their molecular mechanisms will help provide a theoretical basis for establishing postoperative systemic chemotherapy for patients with bladder cancer. We showed that POS promoted the apoptosis of bladder cancer cells, and this finding was consistent with enhanced α2,6-sialylation post-modification. Moreover, POS activated the Hedgehog pathway, the inhibition of which regulated the tumorigenicity of bladder cancer cells in vivo. These findings were consistent with our results in vitro. We conclude that POS promotes the apoptosis of bladder cancer and offers new insights and evidence for the development of individualized treatment strategies. Schema of molecular events underlying POS-induced inhibition of bladder cancer cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinpeng Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121000, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Physical Examination Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu J, Mao R, Lao IW, Yu L, Bai Q, Zhou X, Wang J. GLI1-altered mesenchymal tumor: a clinicopathological and molecular analysis of ten additional cases of an emerging entity. Virchows Arch 2021; 480:1087-1099. [PMID: 34779913 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-021-03224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report 10 additional cases of GLI1-altered mesenchymal tumor to further delineate its clinicopathological and molecular spectrum. There were seven males and three females with a median age of 31 years (range 1.3 ~ 75 years). Five tumors arose in the oral cavity, one each in the stomach, uterine cervix, elbow, groin, and thigh. Histologically, all cases except one were composed of monomorphic round to epithelioid cells showing an infiltrative multinodular growth pattern. The neoplastic cells were surrounded by a rich network of capillary vessels. Vessel invasion or subendothelial protrusion into the vascular space was commonly present. One tumor developed regional lymph node metastasis. The remaining case showed a predominantly spindle cell tumor. By immunohistochemistry, most tumors showed diffuse staining of CD56 (8/8) with variable expression of S100 protein (7/8). In three tumors harboring amplified genes, strong and diffuse nuclear staining of MDM2 (2/3) and CDK4 (3/3) were noted. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) studies revealed GLI1 fusions in 7 cases and GLI1 amplification in 2 cases, which were validated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis in the majority of cases. One case did not show fusion gene by RNA-seq, but FISH revealed both amplification and break-apart of GLI1 gene. Follow-up information showed local recurrences in two patients. All other patients remained disease-free at the last follow-up. Our study further demonstrates that mesenchymal tumors with GLI1 alterations represent a distinctive clinicopathological entity. Although the tumor has a propensity for the tongue, it can also arise in somatic soft tissues as well as in visceral organs. Based on the characteristic morphological features and genomic profiles, we propose the term "GLI1-altered mesenchymal tumor" to describe this emerging entity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Rongjun Mao
- Department of Pathology, Foshan Hospital of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Guangdong Province, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - I Weng Lao
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lin Yu
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qianming Bai
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pakvasa M, Tucker AB, Shen T, He TC, Reid RR. The Pleiotropic Intricacies of Hedgehog Signaling: From Craniofacial Patterning to Carcinogenesis. FACE (THOUSAND OAKS, CALIF.) 2021; 2:260-274. [PMID: 35812774 PMCID: PMC9268505 DOI: 10.1177/27325016211024326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hedgehog signaling was discovered more than 40 years ago in experiments demonstrating that it is a fundamental mediator of limb development. Since that time, it has been shown to be important in development, homeostasis, and disease. The hedgehog pathway proceeds through a pathway highly conserved throughout animals beginning with the extracellular diffusion of hedgehog ligands, proceeding through an intracellular signaling cascade, and ending with the activation of specific target genes. A vast amount of research has been done elucidating hedgehog signaling mechanisms and regulation. This research has found a complex system of genetics and signaling that helps determine how organisms develop and function. This review provides an overview of what is known about hedgehog genetics and signaling, followed by an in-depth discussion of the role of hedgehog signaling in craniofacial development and carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Pakvasa
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Molecular Oncology Lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Rehabilitation Medicine,University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Andrew B. Tucker
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Molecular Oncology Lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Rehabilitation Medicine,University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Timothy Shen
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Rehabilitation Medicine,University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Russell R. Reid
- Molecular Oncology Lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Rehabilitation Medicine,University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zárate AM, Espinosa-Bustos C, Guerrero S, Fierro A, Oyarzún-Ampuero F, Quest AFG, Di Marcotullio L, Loricchio E, Caimano M, Calcaterra A, González-Quiroz M, Aguirre A, Meléndez J, Salas CO. A New Smoothened Antagonist Bearing the Purine Scaffold Shows Antitumour Activity In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8372. [PMID: 34445078 PMCID: PMC8395040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Smoothened (SMO) receptor is the most druggable target in the Hedgehog (HH) pathway for anticancer compounds. However, SMO antagonists such as vismodegib rapidly develop drug resistance. In this study, new SMO antagonists having the versatile purine ring as a scaffold were designed, synthesised, and biologically tested to provide an insight to their mechanism of action. Compound 4s was the most active and the best inhibitor of cell growth and selectively cytotoxic to cancer cells. 4s induced cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, a reduction in colony formation and downregulation of PTCH and GLI1 expression. BODIPY-cyclopamine displacement assays confirmed 4s is a SMO antagonist. In vivo, 4s strongly inhibited tumour relapse and metastasis of melanoma cells in mice. In vitro, 4s was more efficient than vismodegib to induce apoptosis in human cancer cells and that might be attributed to its dual ability to function as a SMO antagonist and apoptosis inducer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Zárate
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 702843, Chile; (A.M.Z.); (A.F.)
| | - Christian Espinosa-Bustos
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 702843, Chile;
| | - Simón Guerrero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone 1007, Independencia, Santiago 8380492, Chile; (S.G.); (F.O.-A.); (A.F.G.Q.)
- Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinar en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad SEK (I3CBSEK), Fernando Manterola 0789, Providencia, Santiago 7520317, Chile
| | - Angélica Fierro
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 702843, Chile; (A.M.Z.); (A.F.)
| | - Felipe Oyarzún-Ampuero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone 1007, Independencia, Santiago 8380492, Chile; (S.G.); (F.O.-A.); (A.F.G.Q.)
- Departamento de Ciencias y Tecnología Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Andrew F. G. Quest
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone 1007, Independencia, Santiago 8380492, Chile; (S.G.); (F.O.-A.); (A.F.G.Q.)
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Lucia Di Marcotullio
- Laboratory Affiliated to Insituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Elena Loricchio
- Center For Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Miriam Caimano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Andrea Calcaterra
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Matías González-Quiroz
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Adam Aguirre
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Rancagua 878, Lower Fifth Floor, Providencia, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
| | - Jaime Meléndez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 702843, Chile;
| | - Cristian O. Salas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 702843, Chile; (A.M.Z.); (A.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hedgehog/GLI Signaling Pathway: Transduction, Regulation, and Implications for Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143410. [PMID: 34298625 PMCID: PMC8304605 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Hedgehog/GLI (Hh/GLI) pathway plays a major role during development and it is commonly dysregulated in many diseases, including cancer. This highly concerted series of ligands, receptors, cytoplasmic signaling molecules, transcription factors, and co-regulators is involved in regulating the biological functions controlled by this pathway. Activation of Hh/GLI in cancer is most often through a non-canonical method of activation, independent of ligand binding. This review is intended to summarize our current understanding of the Hh/GLI signaling, non-canonical mechanisms of pathway activation, its implication in disease, and the current therapeutic strategies targeting this cascade. Abstract The Hh/GLI signaling pathway was originally discovered in Drosophila as a major regulator of segment patterning in development. This pathway consists of a series of ligands (Shh, Ihh, and Dhh), transmembrane receptors (Ptch1 and Ptch2), transcription factors (GLI1–3), and signaling regulators (SMO, HHIP, SUFU, PKA, CK1, GSK3β, etc.) that work in concert to repress (Ptch1, Ptch2, SUFU, PKA, CK1, GSK3β) or activate (Shh, Ihh, Dhh, SMO, GLI1–3) the signaling cascade. Not long after the initial discovery, dysregulation of the Hh/GLI signaling pathway was implicated in human disease. Activation of this signaling pathway is observed in many types of cancer, including basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma, colorectal, prostate, pancreatic, and many more. Most often, the activation of the Hh/GLI pathway in cancer occurs through a ligand-independent mechanism. However, in benign disease, this activation is mostly ligand-dependent. The upstream signaling component of the receptor complex, SMO, is bypassed, and the GLI family of transcription factors can be activated regardless of ligand binding. Additional mechanisms of pathway activation exist whereby the entirety of the downstream signaling pathway is bypassed, and PTCH1 promotes cell cycle progression and prevents caspase-mediated apoptosis. Throughout this review, we summarize each component of the signaling cascade, non-canonical modes of pathway activation, and the implications in human disease, including cancer.
Collapse
|
16
|
Dash RC, Wen J, Zaino AM, Morel SR, Chau LQ, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Hadden MK. Structure-based virtual screening identifies an 8-hydroxyquinoline as a small molecule GLI1 inhibitor. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2021; 20:265-276. [PMID: 33614910 PMCID: PMC7873571 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The glioma-associated family of transcription factors (GLI) have emerged as a promising therapeutic target for a variety of human cancers. In particular, GLI1 plays a central role as a transcriptional regulator for multiple oncogenic signaling pathways, including the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. We undertook a computational screening approach to identify small molecules that directly bind GLI1 for potential development as inhibitors of GLI-mediated transcription. Through these studies, we identified compound 1, which is an 8-hydroxyquinoline, as a high-affinity binder of GLI1. Compound 1 inhibits GLI1-mediated transcriptional activity in several Hh-dependent cellular models, including a primary model of murine medulloblastoma. We also performed a series of computational analyses to define more clearly the mechanism(s) through which 1 inhibits GLI1 function after binding. Our results strongly suggest that binding of 1 to GLI1 does not prevent GLI1/DNA binding nor disrupt the GLI1/DNA complex, but rather, it induces specific conformational changes in the overall complex that prevent proper GLI function. These results highlight the potential of this compound for further development as an anti-cancer agent that targets GLI1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radha Charan Dash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 N. Eagleville Rd., Unit 3092, Storrs, CT 06269-3092, USA
| | - Jiachen Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 N. Eagleville Rd., Unit 3092, Storrs, CT 06269-3092, USA
| | - Angela M. Zaino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 N. Eagleville Rd., Unit 3092, Storrs, CT 06269-3092, USA
| | - Shana R. Morel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 N. Eagleville Rd., Unit 3092, Storrs, CT 06269-3092, USA
| | - Lianne Q. Chau
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Robert J. Wechsler-Reya
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - M. Kyle Hadden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 N. Eagleville Rd., Unit 3092, Storrs, CT 06269-3092, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ternet C, Kiel C. Signaling pathways in intestinal homeostasis and colorectal cancer: KRAS at centre stage. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:31. [PMID: 33691728 PMCID: PMC7945333 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00712-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium acts as a physical barrier that separates the intestinal microbiota from the host and is critical for preserving intestinal homeostasis. The barrier is formed by tightly linked intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) (i.e. enterocytes, goblet cells, neuroendocrine cells, tuft cells, Paneth cells, and M cells), which constantly self-renew and shed. IECs also communicate with microbiota, coordinate innate and adaptive effector cell functions. In this review, we summarize the signaling pathways contributing to intestinal cell fates and homeostasis functions. We focus especially on intestinal stem cell proliferation, cell junction formation, remodelling, hypoxia, the impact of intestinal microbiota, the immune system, inflammation, and metabolism. Recognizing the critical role of KRAS mutants in colorectal cancer, we highlight the connections of KRAS signaling pathways in coordinating these functions. Furthermore, we review the impact of KRAS colorectal cancer mutants on pathway rewiring associated with disruption and dysfunction of the normal intestinal homeostasis. Given that KRAS is still considered undruggable and the development of treatments that directly target KRAS are unlikely, we discuss the suitability of targeting pathways downstream of KRAS as well as alterations of cell extrinsic/microenvironmental factors as possible targets for modulating signaling pathways in colorectal cancer. Video Abstract
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Ternet
- School of Medicine, Systems Biology Ireland, and UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Christina Kiel
- School of Medicine, Systems Biology Ireland, and UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Iriana S, Asha K, Repak M, Sharma-Walia N. Hedgehog Signaling: Implications in Cancers and Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1042. [PMID: 33494284 PMCID: PMC7864517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway is primarily involved in embryonic gut development, smooth muscle differentiation, cell proliferation, adult tissue homeostasis, tissue repair following injury, and tissue polarity during the development of vertebrate and invertebrate organisms. GLIoma-associated oncogene homolog (GLI) family of zinc-finger transcription factors and smoothened (SMO) are the signal transducers of the SHH pathway. Both SHH ligand-dependent and independent mechanisms activate GLI proteins. Various transcriptional mechanisms, posttranslational modifications (phosphorylation, ubiquitination, proteolytic processing, SUMOylation, and acetylation), and nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling control the activity of SHH signaling pathway proteins. The dysregulated SHH pathway is associated with bone and soft tissue sarcomas, GLIomas, medulloblastomas, leukemias, and tumors of breast, lung, skin, prostate, brain, gastric, and pancreas. While extensively studied in development and sarcomas, GLI family proteins play an essential role in many host-pathogen interactions, including bacterial and viral infections and their associated cancers. Viruses hijack host GLI family transcription factors and their downstream signaling cascades to enhance the viral gene transcription required for replication and pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss a distinct role(s) of GLI proteins in the process of tumorigenesis and host-pathogen interactions in the context of viral infection-associated malignancies and cancers due to other causes. Here, we emphasize the potential of the Hedgehog (HH) pathway targeting as a potential anti-cancer therapeutic approach, which in the future could also be tested in infection-associated fatalities.
Collapse
|
19
|
Dusek CO, Hadden MK. Targeting the GLI family of transcription factors for the development of anti-cancer drugs. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 16:289-302. [PMID: 33006903 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1832078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION GLI1 is a transcription factor that has been identified as a downstream effector for multiple tumorigenic signaling pathways. These include the Hedgehog, RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK, and PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathways, which have all been separately validated as individual anti-cancer drug targets. The identification of GLI1 as a key transcriptional regulator for each of these pathways highlights its promise as a therapeutic target. Small molecule GLI1 inhibitors are potentially efficacious against human malignancies arising from multiple oncogenic mechanisms. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of the key oncogenic cellular pathways that regulate GLI1 transcriptional activity. It also provides a detailed account of small molecule GLI1 inhibitors that are currently under development as potential anti-cancer chemotherapeutics. EXPERT OPINION Interest in developing inhibitors of GLI1-mediated transcription has significantly increased as its role in multiple oncogenic signaling pathways has been elucidated. To date, it has proven difficult to directly target GLI1 with small molecules, and the majority of compounds that inhibit GLI1 activity function through indirect mechanisms. To date, no direct-acting GLI1 inhibitor has entered clinical trials. The identification and development of new scaffolds that can bind and directly inhibit GLI1 are essential to further advance this class of chemotherapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher O Dusek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - M Kyle Hadden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lee KH. Involvement of Wnt signaling in primary cilia assembly and disassembly. FEBS J 2020; 287:5027-5038. [PMID: 33015954 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The primary cilium is a nonmotile microtubule-based structure, which functions as an antenna-like cellular sensing organelle. The primary cilium is assembled from the basal body, a mother centriole-based structure, during interphase or a quiescent cell stage, and rapidly disassembles before entering mitosis in a dynamic cycle. Defects in this ciliogenesis dynamics are associated with human diseases such as ciliopathy and cancer, but the molecular mechanisms of the ciliogenesis dynamics are still largely unknown. To date, various cellular signaling pathways associated with primary cilia have been proposed, but the main signaling pathways regulating primary cilia assembly/disassembly remain enigmatic. This review describes recent findings in Wnt-induced primary cilia assembly/disassembly and potential future directions for the study of the cellular signaling related to the primary ciliogenesis dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ho Lee
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang Z, Hao C, Zhang R, Pei X, Li J, Wang L. A Gli inhibitor GANT61 suppresses cell proliferation, promotes cell apoptosis and induces G1/G0 cycle retardation with a dose- and time-dependent manner through inhibiting Notch pathway in multiple myeloma. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:2063-2073. [PMID: 32677544 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1792686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the effect of GANT61 on regulating cell proliferation, cell apoptosis and cell cycle, and to investigate whether GANT61 would function in multiple myeloma (MM) via inhibiting Notch pathway. Methods: RPMI-8226 and U266 cells were treated by GANT61 (0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0, 30.0, 40.0, 50.0 μmol/L) for 18, 24 and 36 hours (h), and cell proliferation was detected by Cell Counting Kit 8. Then these cells were treated by GANT61 at 0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 μmol/L for 24 h or treated by 10.0 μmol/L GANT61 for 0, 18, 24 and 36 h, and cell apoptosis rate, apoptosis markers and cell cycle were detected by AV/PI, Western blot, and PI staining. Notch1, Jagged1, Jagged2 and Hes1 expressions were detected by qPCR and Western blot. Further rescue experiments were conducted by upregulating Notch1. Results: In RPMI-8226 and U266 cells, GANT61 inhibited cell proliferation, increased cell apoptosis rate and cell percentage of G1/G0 phase while decreased cell percentage of S phase in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Besides, GANT61 inhibited Notch1, Jagged1, Jagged2 and Hes1 expressions in a dose- and time-dependent manner as well. In rescue experiments, Notch1 upregulation attenuated the inhibition of cell proliferation, promotion of cell apoptosis, induction of G1/G0 cycle retardation and repression of Notch signaling pathway induced by GANT61 treatment in RPMI-8226 and U266 cells. Conclusions: GANT61 suppresses cell proliferation, promotes cell apoptosis and induces G1/G0 cycle retardation with a dose- and time-dependent manner through inhibiting Notch pathway in MM. ABBREVIATIONS MM: Multiple myeloma; Hh: Hedgehog; EMT: epithelial mesenchymal transition; AML: acute myeloid leukemia; GANT61: GLI antagonist; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; CCK-8: Cell Counting Kit 8; C-Caspase 3: Cleaved Caspase 3; Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma-2; RT-qPCR: real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction; OD: optical density; PTCH1: Patched1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College , Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Changlai Hao
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College , Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Rongjuan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College , Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaochuan Pei
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College , Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Jundong Li
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College , Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College , Chengde, Hebei, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Matissek SJ, Elsawa SF. GLI3: a mediator of genetic diseases, development and cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:54. [PMID: 32245491 PMCID: PMC7119169 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00540-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor GLI3 is a member of the Hedgehog (Hh/HH) signaling pathway that can exist as a full length (Gli3-FL/GLI3-FL) or repressor (Gli3-R/GLI3-R) form. In response to HH activation, GLI3-FL regulates HH genes by targeting the GLI1 promoter. In the absence of HH signaling, GLI3 is phosphorylated leading to its partial degradation and the generation of GLI3-R which represses HH functions. GLI3 is also involved in tissue development, immune cell development and cancer. The absence of Gli3 in mice impaired brain and lung development and GLI3 mutations in humans are the cause of Greig cephalopolysyndactyly (GCPS) and Pallister Hall syndromes (PHS). In the immune system GLI3 regulates B, T and NK-cells and may be involved in LPS-TLR4 signaling. In addition, GLI3 was found to be upregulated in multiple cancers and was found to positively regulate cancerous behavior such as anchorage-independent growth, angiogenesis, proliferation and migration with the exception in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and medulloblastoma where GLI plays an anti-cancerous role. Finally, GLI3 is a target of microRNA. Here, we will review the biological significance of GLI3 and discuss gaps in our understanding of this molecule. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan J. Matissek
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, 46 College Rd Rudman 291, Durham, NH 03824 USA
| | - Sherine F. Elsawa
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, 46 College Rd Rudman 291, Durham, NH 03824 USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wan ML, Wang Y, Zeng Z, Deng B, Zhu BS, Cao T, Li YK, Xiao J, Han Q, Wu Q. Colorectal cancer (CRC) as a multifactorial disease and its causal correlations with multiple signaling pathways. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20200265. [PMID: 32149326 PMCID: PMC7087324 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death among men worldwide. CRC is a multifactor digestive pathology, which is a huge problem faced not only by clinicians but also by researchers. Importantly, a unique feature of CRC is the dysregulation of molecular signaling pathways. To date, a series of reviews have indicated that different signaling pathways are disordered and have potential as therapeutic targets in CRC. Nevertheless, an overview of the function and interaction of multiple signaling pathways in CRC is needed. Therefore, we summarized the pathways, biological functions and important interactions involved in CRC. First, we investigated the involvement of signaling pathways, including Wnt, PI3K/Akt, Hedgehog, ErbB, RHOA, Notch, BMP, Hippo, AMPK, NF-κB, MAPK and JNK. Subsequently, we discussed the biological function of these pathways in pathophysiological aspects of CRC, such as proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis. Finally, we summarized important interactions among these pathways in CRC. We believe that the interaction of these pathways could provide new strategies for the treatment of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mao-lin Wan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Xianning Central Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Xianning Central Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, P.R. China
| | - Bo Deng
- Department of Oncology, Xianning Central Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, P.R. China
| | - Bi-sheng Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xianning Central Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, P.R. China
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Digestive Medical, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, P.R. China
| | - Yu-kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, P.R. China
| | - Qi Han
- Department of Oncology, Xianning Central Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, P.R. China
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Digestive Medical, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pietrobono S, Gagliardi S, Stecca B. Non-canonical Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Cancer: Activation of GLI Transcription Factors Beyond Smoothened. Front Genet 2019; 10:556. [PMID: 31244888 PMCID: PMC6581679 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog-GLI (HH-GLI) pathway is a highly conserved signaling that plays a critical role in controlling cell specification, cell–cell interaction and tissue patterning during embryonic development. Canonical activation of HH-GLI signaling occurs through binding of HH ligands to the twelve-pass transmembrane receptor Patched 1 (PTCH1), which derepresses the seven-pass transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor Smoothened (SMO). Thus, active SMO initiates a complex intracellular cascade that leads to the activation of the three GLI transcription factors, the final effectors of the HH-GLI pathway. Aberrant activation of this signaling has been implicated in a wide variety of tumors, such as those of the brain, skin, breast, gastrointestinal, lung, pancreas, prostate and ovary. In several of these cases, activation of HH-GLI signaling is mediated by overproduction of HH ligands (e.g., prostate cancer), loss-of-function mutations in PTCH1 or gain-of-function mutations in SMO, which occur in the majority of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), SHH-subtype medulloblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. Besides the classical canonical ligand-PTCH1-SMO route, mounting evidence points toward additional, non-canonical ways of GLI activation in cancer. By non-canonical we refer to all those mechanisms of activation of the GLI transcription factors occurring independently of SMO. Often, in a given cancer type canonical and non-canonical activation of HH-GLI signaling co-exist, and in some cancer types, more than one mechanism of non-canonical activation may occur. Tumors harboring non-canonical HH-GLI signaling are less sensitive to SMO inhibition, posing a threat for therapeutic efficacy of these antagonists. Here we will review the most recent findings on the involvement of alternative signaling pathways in inducing GLI activity in cancer and stem cells. We will also discuss the rationale of targeting these oncogenic pathways in combination with HH-GLI inhibitors as a promising anti-cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pietrobono
- Tumor Cell Biology Unit - Core Research Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Sinforosa Gagliardi
- Tumor Cell Biology Unit - Core Research Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Barbara Stecca
- Tumor Cell Biology Unit - Core Research Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Controlled ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation is essential for various cellular processes. GLI family regulates the transcriptional events of the sonic hedgehog pathway genes that are implicated in almost one fourth of human tumors. GLI3 phosphorylation by Ser/Thr kinases is a primary factor for their transcriptional activity that incurs the formation of both GLI3 repressor and activator forms. GLI3 processing is triggered in an ubiquitin-dependent manner via SCFβTrCP1 complex; however, structural characterization, mode of action based on sequence of phosphorylation signatures and induced conformational readjustments remain elusive. Here, through structural analysis and molecular dynamics simulation assays, we explored comparative binding pattern of GLI3 phosphopeptides against βTrCP1. A comprehensive and thorough analysis demarcated GLI3 presence in the binding cleft shared by inter-bladed binding grooves of β-propeller. Our results revealed the involvement of all seven WD40 repeats of βTrCP1 in GLI3 interaction. Conversely, GLI3 phosphorylation pattern at primary protein kinase A (PKA) sites and secondary casein kinase 1 (CK1) or glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) sites was carefully evaluated. Our results indicated that GLI3 processing depends on the 19 phosphorylation sites (849, 852, 855, 856, 860, 861, 864, 865, 868, 872, 873, 876, 877, 880, 899, 903, 906, 907 and 910 positions) by a cascade of PKA, GSK3β and CSKI kinases. The presence of a sequential phosphorylation in the binding induction of GLI3 and βTrCP1 may be a hallmark to authenticate GLI3 processing. We speculate that mechanistic information of the individual residual contributions through structure-guided approaches may be pivotal for the rational design of specific and more potent inhibitors against activated GLI3 with a special emphasis on the anticancer activity.
Collapse
|
26
|
Lima-Fernandes E, Murison A, da Silva Medina T, Wang Y, Ma A, Leung C, Luciani GM, Haynes J, Pollett A, Zeller C, Duan S, Kreso A, Barsyte-Lovejoy D, Wouters BG, Jin J, Carvalho DDD, Lupien M, Arrowsmith CH, O'Brien CA. Targeting bivalency de-represses Indian Hedgehog and inhibits self-renewal of colorectal cancer-initiating cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1436. [PMID: 30926792 PMCID: PMC6441108 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In embryonic stem cells, promoters of key lineage-specific differentiation genes are found in a bivalent state, having both activating H3K4me3 and repressive H3K27me3 histone marks, making them poised for transcription upon loss of H3K27me3. Whether cancer-initiating cells (C-ICs) have similar epigenetic mechanisms that prevent lineage commitment is unknown. Here we show that colorectal C-ICs (CC-ICs) are maintained in a stem-like state through a bivalent epigenetic mechanism. Disruption of the bivalent state through inhibition of the H3K27 methyltransferase EZH2, resulted in decreased self-renewal of patient-derived C-ICs. Epigenomic analyses revealed that the promoter of Indian Hedgehog (IHH), a canonical driver of normal colonocyte differentiation, exists in a bivalent chromatin state. Inhibition of EZH2 resulted in de-repression of IHH, decreased self-renewal, and increased sensitivity to chemotherapy in vivo. Our results reveal an epigenetic block to differentiation in CC-ICs and demonstrate the potential for epigenetic differentiation therapy of a solid tumour through EZH2 inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Lima-Fernandes
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Alex Murison
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Tiago da Silva Medina
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Yadong Wang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Anqi Ma
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Cherry Leung
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Genna M Luciani
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Jennifer Haynes
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Aaron Pollett
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G1X5, Canada
| | - Constanze Zeller
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Shili Duan
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Antonija Kreso
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | | | - Bradly G Wouters
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Daniel D De Carvalho
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Mathieu Lupien
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Cheryl H Arrowsmith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada. .,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada.
| | - Catherine A O'Brien
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G1L7, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G2C4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chatterjee S, Sil PC. Targeting the crosstalks of Wnt pathway with Hedgehog and Notch for cancer therapy. Pharmacol Res 2019; 142:251-261. [PMID: 30826456 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Wnt pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway determining patterning of animal embryos, cell fate, cell polarity, and a substantial role in the origin and maintenance of stem cells. It has been found to crosstalk with two other major developmental pathways, Hedgehog and Notch, in many embryological development cascades and in maintaining stemness of stem cells Research has shown that all the three pathways are potent in inducing tumorigenesis, driving tumor progression and aiding epithelial to mesenchymal transition in malignant cells, apart from maintaining cancer stem cells population inside the tumor tissue. Cancer stem cells are thought to aid in the process of tumor relapse, as they survive therapy by displaying drug resistance and then repopulating tumor tissues. Hence the role of these crosstalks in cancer is under intensive research. Inhibition of all the three pathways individually have resulted in tumor regression, but not optimally, as treatment failure and cancer relapse have been found to occur. Hence, instead of targeting a single pathway, targeting the crosstalk network could be a better alternative to conventional cancer treatment. Also, elimination of both tumor cells as well as cancer stem cells implies a reduced chance of relapse. Drugs developed to target these crosstalking networks, when used in combinatorial therapy, can potentially increase the efficacy of the therapy to a very large extent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharmistha Chatterjee
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Parames C Sil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wei M, Ma R, Huang S, Liao Y, Ding Y, Li Z, Guo Q, Tan R, Zhang L, Zhao L. Oroxylin A increases the sensitivity of temozolomide on glioma cells by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α/hedgehog pathway under hypoxia. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:17392-17404. [PMID: 30790292 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microenvironmental hypoxia-mediated drug resistance is responsible for the failure of cancer therapy. To date, the role of the hedgehog pathway in resistance to temozolomide (TMZ) under hypoxia has not been investigated. In this study, we discovered that the increasing hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) activated the hedgehog pathway in hypoxic microenvironment by promoting autocrine secretion of sonic hedgehog protein (Shh), and then upregulating transfer of Gli1 to the nucleus, finally contributed to TMZ resistance in glioma cells. Oroxylin A (C16H12O5), a bioactive flavonoid, could induce HIF-1α degradation via prolyl-hydroxylases-VHL signaling pathway, resulting in the inactivation of the hedgehog. Besides, oroxylin A increased the expression of Sufu, which is a negative regulator of Gli1. By this mechanism, oroxylin A sensitized TMZ on glioma cells. U251 intracranial transplantation model and GL261 xenograft model were used to confirm the reversal effects of oroxylin A in vivo. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that HIF-1α/hedgehog pathway conferred TMZ resistance under hypoxia, and oroxylin A was capable of increasing the sensitivity of TMZ on glioma cells in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting HIF-1α/hedgehog pathway and depressing the activation of Gli1 directly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaoliang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, China
| | - Youxiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaohe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, China
| | - Renxiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin, Nanjing, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hedgehog Signaling in Cancer: A Prospective Therapeutic Target for Eradicating Cancer Stem Cells. Cells 2018; 7:cells7110208. [PMID: 30423843 PMCID: PMC6262325 DOI: 10.3390/cells7110208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is a signaling cascade that plays a crucial role in many fundamental processes, including embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. Moreover, emerging evidence has suggested that aberrant activation of Hh is associated with neoplastic transformations, malignant tumors, and drug resistance of a multitude of cancers. At the molecular level, it has been shown that Hh signaling drives the progression of cancers by regulating cancer cell proliferation, malignancy, metastasis, and the expansion of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Thus, a comprehensive understanding of Hh signaling during tumorigenesis and development of chemoresistance is necessary in order to identify potential therapeutic strategies to target various human cancers and their relapse. In this review, we discuss the molecular basis of the Hh signaling pathway and its abnormal activation in several types of human cancers. We also highlight the clinical development of Hh signaling inhibitors for cancer therapy as well as CSC-targeted therapy.
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang P, Ma H, Li Y, Chen D, Li X, Gao X. Retracted Article: FOXC1 silencing promotes A549 cell apoptosis through inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/hedgehog/Gli2 signaling pathway. RSC Adv 2018; 8:33786-33793. [PMID: 35548824 PMCID: PMC9086723 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06041j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer begins in the lung and is a leading cause of premature death. Forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) has been reported to play an important role in different types of cancer, and evidence suggests that FOXC1 is highly expressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, the function and molecular mechanism of FOXC1 in the NSCLC cell line A549 is still unclear. In the present study, we indicate that FOXC1 is expressed in the NSCLC cell lines A549, H460, and SK-MES-1 at a high level compared with control human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. FOXC1 silencing promotes A549 cell apoptosis, whereas it inhibits cell survival. The levels of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2 decreased and the expression of pro-apoptosis protein Bax increased in FOXC1 silenced cells. Further studies show that FOXC1 knockdown inhibits the PI3K/AKT/hedgehog/Gli2 pathway. Overexpressed AKT or Gli2 reversed the effects of FOXC1 silencing on A549 cell survival and apoptosis. Taken together, our results conclude that FOXC1 silencing reduced the survival of cancer cells and promoted their apoptosis, and that the PI3K/AKT/hedgehog/Gli2 pathway plays an important role in the functioning of FOXC1 silencing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University Baobei Road No. 8 Kaifeng 475000 China +86-0371-23906599 +86-0371-23906599
| | - Hongbing Ma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University Baobei Road No. 8 Kaifeng 475000 China +86-0371-23906599 +86-0371-23906599
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University Baobei Road No. 8 Kaifeng 475000 China +86-0371-23906599 +86-0371-23906599
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University Baobei Road No. 8 Kaifeng 475000 China +86-0371-23906599 +86-0371-23906599
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University Baobei Road No. 8 Kaifeng 475000 China +86-0371-23906599 +86-0371-23906599
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University Baobei Road No. 8 Kaifeng 475000 China +86-0371-23906599 +86-0371-23906599
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Radiation Sensitization of Basal Cell and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma by the Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitor Vismodegib. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092485. [PMID: 30142876 PMCID: PMC6164565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vismodegib, an inhibitor of the Hedgehog signaling pathway, is an approved drug for monotherapy in locally advanced or metastatic basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Data on combined modality treatment by vismodegib and radiation therapy, however, are rare. In the present study, we examined the radiation sensitizing effects of vismodegib by analyzing viability, cell cycle distribution, cell death, DNA damage repair and clonogenic survival in three-dimensional cultures of a BCC and a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell line. We found that vismodegib decreases expression of the Hedgehog target genes glioma-associated oncogene homologue (GLI1) and the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) Survivin in a cell line- and irradiation-dependent manner, most pronounced in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells. Furthermore, vismodegib significantly reduced proliferation in both cell lines, while additional irradiation only slightly further impacted on viability. Analyses of cell cycle distribution and cell death induction indicated a G1 arrest in BCC and a G2 arrest in HNSCC cells and an increased fraction of cells in SubG1 phase following combined treatment. Moreover, a significant rise in the number of phosphorylated histone-2AX/p53-binding protein 1 (γH2AX/53BP1) foci in vismodegib- and radiation-treated cells was associated with a significant radiosensitization of both cell lines. In summary, these findings indicate that inhibition of the Hedgehog signaling pathway may increase cellular radiation response in BCC and HNSCC cells.
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang R, Wu J, Ferrandon S, Glowacki KJ, Houghton JA. Targeting GLI by GANT61 involves mechanisms dependent on inhibition of both transcription and DNA licensing. Oncotarget 2018; 7:80190-80207. [PMID: 27863397 PMCID: PMC5348313 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The GLI genes are transcription factors and in cancers are oncogenes, aberrantly and constitutively activated. GANT61, a specific GLI inhibitor, has induced extensive cytotoxicity in human models of colon cancer. The FOXM1 promoter was determined to be a transcriptional target of GLI1. In HT29 cells, inhibition of GLI1 binding at the GLI consensus sequence by GANT61 led to inhibited binding of Pol II, the pause-release factors DSIF, NELF and p-TEFb. The formation of R-loops (RNA:DNA hybrids, ssDNA), were reduced by GANT61 at the FOXM1 promoter. Pretreatment of HT29 cells with α-amanitin reduced GANT61-induced γH2AX foci. Co-localization of GLI1 and BrdU foci, inhibited by GANT61, indicated GLI1 and DNA replication to be linked. By co-immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy, GLI1 co-localized with the DNA licensing factors ORC4, CDT1, and MCM2. Significant co-localization of GLI1 and ORC4 was inhibited by GANT61, and enrichment of ORC4 occurred at the GLI binding site in the FOXM1 promoter. CDT1 was found to be a transcription target of GLI1. Overexpression of CDT1 in HT29 and SW480 cells reduced GANT61-induced cell death, gH2AX foci, and cleavage of caspase-3. Data demonstrate involvement of transcription and of DNA replication licensing factors by non-transcriptional and transcriptional mechanisms in the GLI-dependent mechanism of action of GANT61.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruowen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Division of Drug Discovery, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jiahui Wu
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Katie J Glowacki
- Department of Oncology, Division of Drug Discovery, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Janet A Houghton
- Department of Oncology, Division of Drug Discovery, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hai B, Zhao Q, Deveau MA, Liu F. Delivery of Sonic Hedgehog Gene Repressed Irradiation-induced Cellular Senescence in Salivary Glands by Promoting DNA Repair and Reducing Oxidative Stress. Theranostics 2018; 8:1159-1167. [PMID: 29464006 PMCID: PMC5817117 DOI: 10.7150/thno.23373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Irreversible hypofunction of salivary glands or xerostomia is common in head and neck cancer survivors treated with radiotherapy even when various new techniques are applied to minimize the irradiation (IR) damage. This condition severely impairs the quality of life of patients and can only be temporarily relieved with current treatments. We found recently that transient expression of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) in salivary glands after IR rescued salivary function, but the underlying mechanisms are not totally clear. Methods: We generated a mouse model of IR-induced hyposalivation, and delivered adenoviral vectors carrying Shh or control GFP gene into submandibular glands (SMGs) via retrograde ductal instillation 3 days after IR. The cellular senescence was evaluated by senescence-associated beta-galactosidase assay and the expression of senescence markers. The underlying mechanisms were explored by examining DNA damage, oxidative stress, and the expression of related genes by qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescent staining. Results: Shh gene transfer repressed IR-induced cellular senescence by promoting DNA repair and decreasing oxidative stress, which is mediated through upregulating expression of genes related to DNA repair such as survivin and miR-21 and repressing expression of pro-senescence gene Gdf15 likely downstream of miR-21. Conclusion: Repressing cellular senescence contributes to the rescue of IR-induced hyposalivation by transient activation of Hh signaling, which is related to enhanced DNA repair and decreased oxidative stress in SMGs.
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
NUMB, and its close homologue NUMBL, behave as tumor suppressor genes by regulating the Notch pathway. The downregulation of these genes in tumors is common, allowing aberrant Notch pathway activation and tumor progression. However, some known differences between NUMB and NUMBL have raised unanswered questions regarding the redundancy and/or combined regulation of the Notch pathway by these genes during the tumorigenic process. We have found that NUMB and NUMBL exhibit mutual exclusivity in human tumors, suggesting that the associated tumor suppressor role is regulated by only one of the two proteins in a specific cell, avoiding duplicate signaling and simplifying the regulatory network. We have also found differences in gene expression due to NUMB or NUMBL downregulation. These differences in gene regulation extend to pathways, such as WNT or Hedgehog. In addition to these differences, the downregulation of either gene triggers a cancer stem cell-like related phenotype. These results show the importance of both genes as an intersection with different effects over cancer stem cell signaling pathways.
Collapse
|
35
|
Roles of the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Epidermal and Hair Follicle Development, Homeostasis, and Cancer. J Dev Biol 2017; 5:jdb5040012. [PMID: 29615568 PMCID: PMC5831796 DOI: 10.3390/jdb5040012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin and provides a protective barrier against environmental insults. It is a rapidly-renewing tissue undergoing constant regeneration, maintained by several types of stem cells. The Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway is one of the fundamental signaling pathways that contributes to epidermal development, homeostasis, and repair, as well as to hair follicle development and follicle bulge stem cell maintenance. The HH pathway interacts with other signal transduction pathways, including those activated by Wnt, bone morphogenetic protein, platelet-derived growth factor, Notch, and ectodysplasin. Furthermore, aberrant activation of HH signaling is associated with various tumors, including basal cell carcinoma. Therefore, an understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of the HH signaling pathway is important for elucidating fundamental mechanisms underlying both organogenesis and carcinogenesis. In this review, we discuss the role of the HH signaling pathway in the development and homeostasis epidermis and hair follicles, and in basal cell carcinoma formation, providing an update of current knowledge in this field.
Collapse
|
36
|
Wilke CM, Hess J, Klymenko SV, Chumak VV, Zakhartseva LM, Bakhanova EV, Feuchtinger A, Walch AK, Selmansberger M, Braselmann H, Schneider L, Pitea A, Steinhilber J, Fend F, Bösmüller HC, Zitzelsberger H, Unger K. Expression of miRNA-26b-5p and its target TRPS1 is associated with radiation exposure in post-Chernobyl breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:573-583. [PMID: 28944451 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is a well-recognized risk factor for the development of breast cancer. However, it is unknown whether radiation-specific molecular oncogenic mechanisms exist. We investigated post-Chernobyl breast cancers from radiation-exposed female clean-up workers and nonexposed controls for molecular changes. Radiation-associated alterations identified in the discovery cohort (n = 38) were subsequently validated in a second cohort (n = 39). Increased expression of hsa-miR-26b-5p was associated with radiation exposure in both of the cohorts. Moreover, downregulation of the TRPS1 protein, which is a transcriptional target of hsa-miR-26b-5p, was associated with radiation exposure. As TRPS1 overexpression is common in sporadic breast cancer, its observed downregulation in radiation-associated breast cancer warrants clarification of the specific functional role of TRPS1 in the radiation context. For this purpose, the impact of TRPS1 on the transcriptome was characterized in two radiation-transformed breast cell culture models after siRNA-knockdown. Deregulated genes upon TRPS1 knockdown were associated with DNA-repair, cell cycle, mitosis, cell migration, angiogenesis and EMT pathways. Furthermore, we identified the interaction partners of TRPS1 from the transcriptomic correlation networks derived from gene expression data on radiation-transformed breast cell culture models and sporadic breast cancer tissues provided by the TCGA database. The genes correlating with TRPS1 in the radiation-transformed breast cell lines were primarily linked to DNA damage response and chromosome segregation, while the transcriptional interaction partners in the sporadic breast cancers were mostly associated with apoptosis. Thus, upregulation of hsa-miR-26b-5p and downregulation of TRPS1 in radiation-associated breast cancer tissue samples suggests these molecules representing radiation markers in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Wilke
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julia Hess
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer', Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Sergiy V Klymenko
- National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vadim V Chumak
- National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Elena V Bakhanova
- National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Axel K Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Selmansberger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Herbert Braselmann
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer', Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Ludmila Schneider
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer', Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Adriana Pitea
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Falko Fend
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Horst Zitzelsberger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer', Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, München, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer', Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
|
38
|
Wu C, Zhu X, Liu W, Ruan T, Tao K. Hedgehog signaling pathway in colorectal cancer: function, mechanism, and therapy. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:3249-3259. [PMID: 28721076 PMCID: PMC5501640 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s139639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal cancers worldwide. It is a complicated and often fatal cancer, and is related to a high disease-related mortality. Around 90% of mortalities are caused by the metastasis of CRC. Current treatment statistics shows a less than 5% 5-year survival for patients with metastatic disease. The development and metastasis of CRC involve multiple factors and mechanisms. The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling plays an important role in embryogenesis and somatic development. Abnormal activation of the Hh pathway has been proven to be related to several types of human cancers. The role of Hh signaling in CRC, however, remains controversial. In this review, we will go through previous literature on the Hh signaling and its functions in the formation, proliferation, and metastasis of CRC. We will also discuss the potential of targeting Hh signaling pathway in the treatment, prognosis, and prevention of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqing Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weizhen Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tuo Ruan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wu C, Hu S, Cheng J, Wang G, Tao K. Smoothened antagonist GDC-0449 (Vismodegib) inhibits proliferation and triggers apoptosis in colon cancer cell lines. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2529-2536. [PMID: 28565875 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway has been proven to be involved in embryonic development and cancer growth. GDC-0449, an antagonist of the hedgehog signaling receptor Smoothened (Smo), was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as a prescription for skin basal cell carcinoma. However, the efficacy of GDC-0449 in the treatment of colon cancer and other malignancies, such as basal cell carcinoma and pancreatic cancer, has remained to be proven. The present study assessed the effect of GDC-0449 on the colon cancer cell lines Caco-2 and Ht-29. A Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was applied to assess the cell proliferation rate and apoptosis was tested by flow cytometry. Reverse-transcription quantitative PCR and western blot analysis were used for analyzing expression levels of target genes. Cell proliferation was inhibited, while apoptosis was increased by GDC-0449, whereas the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), a downstream target of Shh signaling, was decreased. Consistent with the inhibition of Gli1 expression, the cancer stem cell markers CD44 and ALDH were decreased in the presence of GDC-0449. In conclusion, GDC-0449 was shown to inhibit the replication of colon cancer cells and trigger apoptosis through downregulating Bcl-2. This may also influence the stemness of cancer stem cells as indicated by the decreased stem cell surface markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqing Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Shaobo Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Ji Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhu J, Liu C, Liu F, Wang Y, Zhu M. Knockdown of PFTAIRE Protein Kinase 1 (PFTK1) Inhibits Proliferation, Invasion, and EMT in Colon Cancer Cells. Oncol Res 2017; 24:137-44. [PMID: 27458094 PMCID: PMC7838739 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14611963142218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PFTK1 is a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) family and is upregulated in many types of tumors. However, its expression and role in colon cancer remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression and function of PFTK1 in colon cancer. Our results showed that PFTK1 was highly expressed in colon cancer cell lines. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that knockdown of PFTK1 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of colon cancer cells as well as the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progress. Furthermore, knockdown of PFTK1 suppressed the expression of Shh as well as Smo, Ptc, and Gli-1 in colon cancer cells. Taken together, these results suggest that knockdown of PFTK1 inhibited the proliferation and invasion of colon cancer cells as well as the EMT progress by suppressing the Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. Therefore, these findings reveal that PFTK1 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiankang Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Xu X, Lu Y, Li Y, Prinz RA. Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Thyroid Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:284. [PMID: 29163356 PMCID: PMC5670164 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system. The initiation of thyroid cancer is often triggered by a genetic mutation in the phosphortidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, such as RAS and BRAF, or by the rearrangement of growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase genes such as RET/PTC. The sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway is evolutionarily conserved and plays an important role in the embryonic development of normal tissues and organs. Gene mutations in the Shh pathway are involved in basal cell carcinomas (BCC). Activation of the Shh pathway due to overexpression of the genes encoding the components of this pathway stimulates the growth and spread of a wide range of cancer types. The Shh pathway also plays an important role in cancer stem cell (CSC) self-renewal. GDC-0449 and LDE-225, two inhibitors of this pathway, have been approved for treating BCC and are being tested as a single agent or in combination with other drugs for treating various other cancers. Here, we review the recent findings on activation of the Shh pathway in thyroid cancer and its role in maintaining thyroid CSC self-renewal. We also summarize the recent developments on crosstalk of the Shh pathway with the MAPK and PI3K oncogenic pathways, and its implications for combination therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiulong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Xiulong Xu, ,
| | - Yurong Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Richard A. Prinz
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
The Hedgehog Signaling Networks in Lung Cancer: The Mechanisms and Roles in Tumor Progression and Implications for Cancer Therapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:7969286. [PMID: 28105432 PMCID: PMC5220431 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7969286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide and is classified into small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Several gene mutations that contribute to aberrant cell proliferation have been identified in lung adenocarcinoma, a part of NSCLC. Various anticancer drugs that target these mutated molecules have been developed for NSCLC treatment. However, although molecularly targeted drugs are initially effective for patients, the 5-year survival rate remains low because of tumor relapse. Therefore, more effective drugs for lung cancer treatment should be developed. The hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway contributes to organ development and stem cell maintenance, and aberrant activation of this signaling pathway is observed in various cancers including lung cancer. In lung cancer, HH signaling pathway upregulates cancer cell proliferation and maintains cancer stem cells as well as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Furthermore, physical contact between CAFs and NSCLC cells induces HH signaling pathway activation in NSCLC cells to enhance their metastatic potential. Therefore, HH signaling pathway inhibitors could be a useful option for lung cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
43
|
Li X, Jie Q, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Lin Y, Du J, Shi J, Wang L, Guo K, Li Y, Wang C, Gao B, Huang Q, Liu J, Yang L, Luo Z. Disturbed MEK/ERK signaling increases osteoclast activity via the Hedgehog-Gli pathway in postmenopausal osteoporosis. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 122:101-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
44
|
McCubrey JA, Rakus D, Gizak A, Steelman LS, Abrams SL, Lertpiriyapong K, Fitzgerald TL, Yang LV, Montalto G, Cervello M, Libra M, Nicoletti F, Scalisi A, Torino F, Fenga C, Neri LM, Marmiroli S, Cocco L, Martelli AM. Effects of mutations in Wnt/β-catenin, hedgehog, Notch and PI3K pathways on GSK-3 activity-Diverse effects on cell growth, metabolism and cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:2942-2976. [PMID: 27612668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a serine/threonine kinase that participates in an array of critical cellular processes. GSK-3 was first characterized as an enzyme that phosphorylated and inactivated glycogen synthase. However, subsequent studies have revealed that this moon-lighting protein is involved in numerous signaling pathways that regulate not only metabolism but also have roles in: apoptosis, cell cycle progression, cell renewal, differentiation, embryogenesis, migration, regulation of gene transcription, stem cell biology and survival. In this review, we will discuss the roles that GSK-3 plays in various diseases as well as how this pivotal kinase interacts with multiple signaling pathways such as: PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR, Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, Wnt/beta-catenin, hedgehog, Notch and TP53. Mutations that occur in these and other pathways can alter the effects that natural GSK-3 activity has on regulating these signaling circuits that can lead to cancer as well as other diseases. The novel roles that microRNAs play in regulation of the effects of GSK-3 will also be evaluated. Targeting GSK-3 and these other pathways may improve therapy and overcome therapeutic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
| | - Dariusz Rakus
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gizak
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Linda S Steelman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Steve L Abrams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Kvin Lertpiriyapong
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, USA
| | - Timothy L Fitzgerald
- Department of Surgery, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, USA
| | - Li V Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Section, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, USA
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Palermo, Italy
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Bio-medical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Aurora Scalisi
- Unit of Oncologic Diseases, ASP-Catania, Catania 95100, Italy
| | - Francesco Torino
- Department of Systems Medicine, Chair of Medical Oncology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Concettina Fenga
- Department of Biomedical, Odontoiatric, Morphological and Functional Images, Occupational Medicine Section - Policlinico "G. Martino" - University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
| | - Luca M Neri
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sandra Marmiroli
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gerling M, Büller NVJA, Kirn LM, Joost S, Frings O, Englert B, Bergström Å, Kuiper RV, Blaas L, Wielenga MCB, Almer S, Kühl AA, Fredlund E, van den Brink GR, Toftgård R. Stromal Hedgehog signalling is downregulated in colon cancer and its restoration restrains tumour growth. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12321. [PMID: 27492255 PMCID: PMC4980446 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A role for Hedgehog (Hh) signalling in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been proposed. In CRC and other solid tumours, Hh ligands are upregulated; however, a specific Hh antagonist provided no benefit in a clinical trial. Here we use Hh reporter mice to show that downstream Hh activity is unexpectedly diminished in a mouse model of colitis-associated colon cancer, and that downstream Hh signalling is restricted to the stroma. Functionally, stroma-specific Hh activation in mice markedly reduces the tumour load and blocks progression of advanced neoplasms, partly via the modulation of BMP signalling and restriction of the colonic stem cell signature. By contrast, attenuated Hh signalling accelerates colonic tumourigenesis. In human CRC, downstream Hh activity is similarly reduced and canonical Hh signalling remains predominantly paracrine. Our results suggest that diminished downstream Hh signalling enhances CRC development, and that stromal Hh activation can act as a colonic tumour suppressor. The Hedgehog signalling pathway can drive tumorigenesis. Here, the authors show that in a colitis-associated colon cancer model downstream Hedgehog signalling is restricted to the stroma and its over-activation can inhibit tumorigenesis, associated with activation of BMP signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gerling
- Center for Innovative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, NOVUM, Hälsovägen 7, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Nikè V J A Büller
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 69-71, AZ1105 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonard M Kirn
- Center for Innovative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, NOVUM, Hälsovägen 7, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Medicine I for Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Joost
- Center for Innovative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, NOVUM, Hälsovägen 7, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Oliver Frings
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Englert
- Center for Innovative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, NOVUM, Hälsovägen 7, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Medicine I for Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Åsa Bergström
- Center for Innovative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, NOVUM, Hälsovägen 7, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Raoul V Kuiper
- Core Facility for Morphologic Phenotype Analysis, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Hälsovägen 7-9, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Leander Blaas
- Center for Innovative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, NOVUM, Hälsovägen 7, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mattheus C B Wielenga
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 69-71, AZ1105 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Almer
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anja A Kühl
- Department of Medicine I for Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Erik Fredlund
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gijs R van den Brink
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 69-71, AZ1105 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rune Toftgård
- Center for Innovative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, NOVUM, Hälsovägen 7, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Li B, Giambelli C, Tang B, Winterbottom E, Long J, Jin K, Wang Z, Fei DL, Nguyen DM, Athar M, Wang B, Subbarayan PR, Wang L, Rai P, Ardalan B, Capobianco AJ, Robbins DJ. Arsenic Attenuates GLI Signaling, Increasing or Decreasing its Transcriptional Program in a Context-Dependent Manner. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 89:226-32. [PMID: 26573582 PMCID: PMC4727125 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.100867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The metalloid arsenic is a worldwide environmental toxicant, exposure to which is associated with many adverse outcomes. Arsenic is also an effective therapeutic agent in certain disease settings. Arsenic was recently shown to regulate the activity of the Hedgehog (HH) signal transduction pathway, and this regulation of HH signaling was proposed to be responsible for a subset of arsenic's biologic effects. Surprisingly, these separate reports proposed contradictory activities for arsenic, as either an agonist or antagonist of HH signaling. Here we provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that arsenic acts as a modulator of the activity of the HH effector protein glioma-associated oncogene family zinc finger (GLI), activating or inhibiting GLI activity in a context-dependent manner. This arsenic-induced modulation of HH signaling is observed in cultured cells, patients with colorectal cancer who have received arsenic-based therapy, and a mouse colorectal cancer xenograft model. Our results show that arsenic activates GLI signaling when the intrinsic GLI activity is low but inhibits signaling in the presence of high-level GLI activity. Furthermore, we show that this modulation occurs downstream of primary cilia, evidenced by experiments in suppressor of fused homolog (SUFU) deficient cells. Combining our findings with previous reports, we present an inclusive model in which arsenic plays dual roles in GLI signaling modulation: when GLIs are primarily in their repressor form, arsenic antagonizes their repression capacity, leading to low-level GLI activation, but when GLIs are primarily in their activator form, arsenic attenuates their activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (B.L., C.G., E.W., J.L., K.J., Z.W., D.L.F., D.M.N., A.J.C., D.J.R.); General Surgery Center of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (B.T.); Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (J.L.); Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire (D.L.F.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (D.M.N., P.R.S., P.R., B.A., A.J.C., D.J.R.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (M.A.); Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (B.W.); Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (L. W.); Departments of Medicine (P.R.S., P.R., B.A.) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.J.C., D.J.R.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; and Division of Geriatric Medicine and Palliative Care, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (P.R.)
| | - Camilla Giambelli
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (B.L., C.G., E.W., J.L., K.J., Z.W., D.L.F., D.M.N., A.J.C., D.J.R.); General Surgery Center of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (B.T.); Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (J.L.); Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire (D.L.F.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (D.M.N., P.R.S., P.R., B.A., A.J.C., D.J.R.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (M.A.); Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (B.W.); Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (L. W.); Departments of Medicine (P.R.S., P.R., B.A.) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.J.C., D.J.R.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; and Division of Geriatric Medicine and Palliative Care, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (P.R.)
| | - Bo Tang
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (B.L., C.G., E.W., J.L., K.J., Z.W., D.L.F., D.M.N., A.J.C., D.J.R.); General Surgery Center of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (B.T.); Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (J.L.); Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire (D.L.F.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (D.M.N., P.R.S., P.R., B.A., A.J.C., D.J.R.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (M.A.); Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (B.W.); Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (L. W.); Departments of Medicine (P.R.S., P.R., B.A.) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.J.C., D.J.R.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; and Division of Geriatric Medicine and Palliative Care, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (P.R.)
| | - Emily Winterbottom
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (B.L., C.G., E.W., J.L., K.J., Z.W., D.L.F., D.M.N., A.J.C., D.J.R.); General Surgery Center of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (B.T.); Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (J.L.); Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire (D.L.F.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (D.M.N., P.R.S., P.R., B.A., A.J.C., D.J.R.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (M.A.); Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (B.W.); Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (L. W.); Departments of Medicine (P.R.S., P.R., B.A.) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.J.C., D.J.R.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; and Division of Geriatric Medicine and Palliative Care, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (P.R.)
| | - Jun Long
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (B.L., C.G., E.W., J.L., K.J., Z.W., D.L.F., D.M.N., A.J.C., D.J.R.); General Surgery Center of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (B.T.); Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (J.L.); Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire (D.L.F.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (D.M.N., P.R.S., P.R., B.A., A.J.C., D.J.R.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (M.A.); Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (B.W.); Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (L. W.); Departments of Medicine (P.R.S., P.R., B.A.) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.J.C., D.J.R.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; and Division of Geriatric Medicine and Palliative Care, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (P.R.)
| | - Ke Jin
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (B.L., C.G., E.W., J.L., K.J., Z.W., D.L.F., D.M.N., A.J.C., D.J.R.); General Surgery Center of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (B.T.); Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (J.L.); Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire (D.L.F.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (D.M.N., P.R.S., P.R., B.A., A.J.C., D.J.R.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (M.A.); Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (B.W.); Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (L. W.); Departments of Medicine (P.R.S., P.R., B.A.) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.J.C., D.J.R.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; and Division of Geriatric Medicine and Palliative Care, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (P.R.)
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (B.L., C.G., E.W., J.L., K.J., Z.W., D.L.F., D.M.N., A.J.C., D.J.R.); General Surgery Center of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (B.T.); Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (J.L.); Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire (D.L.F.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (D.M.N., P.R.S., P.R., B.A., A.J.C., D.J.R.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (M.A.); Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (B.W.); Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (L. W.); Departments of Medicine (P.R.S., P.R., B.A.) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.J.C., D.J.R.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; and Division of Geriatric Medicine and Palliative Care, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (P.R.)
| | - Dennis Liang Fei
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (B.L., C.G., E.W., J.L., K.J., Z.W., D.L.F., D.M.N., A.J.C., D.J.R.); General Surgery Center of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (B.T.); Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (J.L.); Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire (D.L.F.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (D.M.N., P.R.S., P.R., B.A., A.J.C., D.J.R.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (M.A.); Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (B.W.); Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (L. W.); Departments of Medicine (P.R.S., P.R., B.A.) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.J.C., D.J.R.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; and Division of Geriatric Medicine and Palliative Care, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (P.R.)
| | - Dao M Nguyen
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (B.L., C.G., E.W., J.L., K.J., Z.W., D.L.F., D.M.N., A.J.C., D.J.R.); General Surgery Center of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (B.T.); Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (J.L.); Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire (D.L.F.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (D.M.N., P.R.S., P.R., B.A., A.J.C., D.J.R.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (M.A.); Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (B.W.); Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (L. W.); Departments of Medicine (P.R.S., P.R., B.A.) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.J.C., D.J.R.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; and Division of Geriatric Medicine and Palliative Care, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (P.R.)
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (B.L., C.G., E.W., J.L., K.J., Z.W., D.L.F., D.M.N., A.J.C., D.J.R.); General Surgery Center of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (B.T.); Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (J.L.); Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire (D.L.F.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (D.M.N., P.R.S., P.R., B.A., A.J.C., D.J.R.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (M.A.); Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (B.W.); Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (L. W.); Departments of Medicine (P.R.S., P.R., B.A.) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.J.C., D.J.R.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; and Division of Geriatric Medicine and Palliative Care, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (P.R.)
| | - Baolin Wang
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (B.L., C.G., E.W., J.L., K.J., Z.W., D.L.F., D.M.N., A.J.C., D.J.R.); General Surgery Center of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (B.T.); Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (J.L.); Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire (D.L.F.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (D.M.N., P.R.S., P.R., B.A., A.J.C., D.J.R.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (M.A.); Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (B.W.); Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (L. W.); Departments of Medicine (P.R.S., P.R., B.A.) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.J.C., D.J.R.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; and Division of Geriatric Medicine and Palliative Care, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (P.R.)
| | - Pochi R Subbarayan
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (B.L., C.G., E.W., J.L., K.J., Z.W., D.L.F., D.M.N., A.J.C., D.J.R.); General Surgery Center of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (B.T.); Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (J.L.); Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire (D.L.F.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (D.M.N., P.R.S., P.R., B.A., A.J.C., D.J.R.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (M.A.); Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (B.W.); Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (L. W.); Departments of Medicine (P.R.S., P.R., B.A.) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.J.C., D.J.R.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; and Division of Geriatric Medicine and Palliative Care, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (P.R.)
| | - Lily Wang
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (B.L., C.G., E.W., J.L., K.J., Z.W., D.L.F., D.M.N., A.J.C., D.J.R.); General Surgery Center of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (B.T.); Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (J.L.); Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire (D.L.F.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (D.M.N., P.R.S., P.R., B.A., A.J.C., D.J.R.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (M.A.); Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (B.W.); Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (L. W.); Departments of Medicine (P.R.S., P.R., B.A.) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.J.C., D.J.R.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; and Division of Geriatric Medicine and Palliative Care, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (P.R.)
| | - Priyamvada Rai
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (B.L., C.G., E.W., J.L., K.J., Z.W., D.L.F., D.M.N., A.J.C., D.J.R.); General Surgery Center of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (B.T.); Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (J.L.); Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire (D.L.F.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (D.M.N., P.R.S., P.R., B.A., A.J.C., D.J.R.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (M.A.); Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (B.W.); Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (L. W.); Departments of Medicine (P.R.S., P.R., B.A.) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.J.C., D.J.R.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; and Division of Geriatric Medicine and Palliative Care, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (P.R.)
| | - Bach Ardalan
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (B.L., C.G., E.W., J.L., K.J., Z.W., D.L.F., D.M.N., A.J.C., D.J.R.); General Surgery Center of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (B.T.); Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (J.L.); Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire (D.L.F.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (D.M.N., P.R.S., P.R., B.A., A.J.C., D.J.R.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (M.A.); Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (B.W.); Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (L. W.); Departments of Medicine (P.R.S., P.R., B.A.) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.J.C., D.J.R.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; and Division of Geriatric Medicine and Palliative Care, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (P.R.)
| | - Anthony J Capobianco
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (B.L., C.G., E.W., J.L., K.J., Z.W., D.L.F., D.M.N., A.J.C., D.J.R.); General Surgery Center of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (B.T.); Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (J.L.); Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire (D.L.F.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (D.M.N., P.R.S., P.R., B.A., A.J.C., D.J.R.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (M.A.); Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (B.W.); Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (L. W.); Departments of Medicine (P.R.S., P.R., B.A.) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.J.C., D.J.R.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; and Division of Geriatric Medicine and Palliative Care, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (P.R.)
| | - David J Robbins
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (B.L., C.G., E.W., J.L., K.J., Z.W., D.L.F., D.M.N., A.J.C., D.J.R.); General Surgery Center of PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (B.T.); Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (J.L.); Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire (D.L.F.); Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (D.M.N., P.R.S., P.R., B.A., A.J.C., D.J.R.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (M.A.); Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (B.W.); Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (L. W.); Departments of Medicine (P.R.S., P.R., B.A.) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.J.C., D.J.R.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; and Division of Geriatric Medicine and Palliative Care, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (P.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Li H, Li J, Feng L. Hedgehog signaling pathway as a therapeutic target for ovarian cancer. Cancer Epidemiol 2015; 40:152-7. [PMID: 26724464 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal cause of death among gynecological malignancies. Despite advancements in surgery and chemotherapy treatment strategies, the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients remains poor; a majority of patients relapse and eventually succumb to this disease. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches to improve patient outcome are urgently needed. The hedgehog signaling pathway is vital for embryonic development and tissue homeostasis, and its deregulation is implicated in cancer cell growth, survival, differentiation, and metastasis. The critical role of hedgehog signaling in multiple biologic processes raises concerns about its potential therapeutic use in cancer. Consequently, many studies are focusing on hedgehog signaling as an attractive target in cancer treatment. In this review, we present an overview of the hedgehog pathway and its pathological aberrations in ovarian cancer. We also discuss inhibitors of the hedgehog signaling pathway that are currently being investigated in the laboratory and in early clinical trials; as well as the clinical challenges these inhibitors face.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing TianTan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Jinghua Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing TianTan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Limin Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing TianTan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Trnski D, Sabol M, Gojević A, Martinić M, Ozretić P, Musani V, Ramić S, Levanat S. GSK3β and Gli3 play a role in activation of Hedgehog-Gli pathway in human colon cancer - Targeting GSK3β downregulates the signaling pathway and reduces cell proliferation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2015; 1852:2574-84. [PMID: 26385428 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of Hedgehog-Gli (Hh-Gli) signaling in colon cancer tumorigenesis has not yet been completely elucidated. Here we provide strong evidence of Hh-Gli signaling involvement in survival of colon cancer cells, with the main trigger of activation being deregulated GSK3β. Our clinical data reveals high expression levels of GSK3β and Gli3 in human colon cancer tissue samples, with positive correlation between GSK3β expression and DUKES' stage. Further experiments on colon cancer cell lines have shown that a deregulated GSK3β upregulates Hh-Gli signaling and positively affects colon cancer cell survival. We show that inhibition of GSK3β with lithium chloride enhances Gli3 processing into its repressor form, consequently downregulating Hh-Gli signaling, reducing cell proliferation and inducing cell death. Analysis of the molecular mechanisms revealed that lithium chloride enhances Gli3-SuFu-GSK3β complex formation leading to more efficient Gli3 cleavage and Hh-Gli signaling downregulation. This work proposes that activation of the Hh-Gli signaling pathway in colon cancer cells occurs non-canonically via deregulated GSK3β. Gli3 seems to be the main pathway effector, highlighting the activator potential of this transcription factor, which is highly dependent on GSK3β function and fine tuning of the Gli3-SuFu-GSK3β platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Trnski
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Maja Sabol
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ante Gojević
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marina Martinić
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Petar Ozretić
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Vesna Musani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Snježana Ramić
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Ilica 197, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Sonja Levanat
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lu Y, Li J, Cheng J, Lubahn DB. Genes targeted by the Hedgehog-signaling pathway can be regulated by Estrogen related receptor β. BMC Mol Biol 2015; 16:19. [PMID: 26597826 PMCID: PMC4657266 DOI: 10.1186/s12867-015-0047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear receptor family member, Estrogen related receptor β, and the Hedgehog signal transduction pathway are both reported to relate to tumorigenesis and induced pluripotent stem cell reprogramming. We hypothesize that Estrogen related receptor β can modulate the Hedgehog signaling pathway and affect Hedgehog driven downstream gene expression. RESULTS We established an estrogen related receptor β-expressing Hedgehog-responsive NIH3T3 cell line by Esrrb transfection, and performed mRNA profiling using RNA-Seq after Hedgehog ligand conditioned medium treatment. Esrrb expression altered 171 genes, while Hedgehog signaling activation alone altered 339 genes. Additionally, estrogen related receptor β expression in combination with Hedgehog signaling activation affects a group of 109 Hedgehog responsive mRNAs, including Hsd11b1, Ogn, Smoc2, Igf1, Pdcd4, Igfbp4, Stmn1, Hp, Hoxd8, Top2a, Tubb4b, Sfrp2, Saa3, Prl2c3 and Dpt. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that Estrogen related receptor β is capable of interacting with Hh-signaling downstream targets. Our results suggest a new level of regulation of Hedgehog signaling by Estrogen related receptor β, and indicate modulation of Estrogen related receptor β can be a new strategy to regulate various functions driven by the Hedgehog signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,MU Center for Botanical Interaction Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA.
| | - Jilong Li
- MU Center for Botanical Interaction Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Computer Science Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Jianlin Cheng
- MU Center for Botanical Interaction Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Computer Science Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Dennis B Lubahn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,MU Center for Botanical Interaction Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhang X, Zhang SS, Wei GJ, Deng ZM, Hu Y. Dysregulation of hedgehog signaling pathway related components in the evolution of colonic carcinogenesis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:21379-21385. [PMID: 26885080 PMCID: PMC4723925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies report controversial role of Hedgehog (HH) signaling in the progression of colon cancer. This study aimed to investigate the expressions of smoothened (SMO) and downstream glioma-associated oncogene homology-1 (GLI1) in colon cancer, colonic adenoma and normal tissues. Colon cancer and normal tissue samples were collected from 49 patients with colon cancer while colonic adenoma tissue samples were obtained from 34 patients with colonic adenoma. Then the expressions of SMO and GLI1 were investigated using immunohistochemistry (IHC). For the detection of SMO and GLI1 expression, IHC staining results indicated that SMO was mainly expressed on the membrane while GLI1 was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm. The positive rates of SMO and GLI1 protein expressions were significantly increased in colon cancer tissue and colonic adenoma tissue when compared with normal colon tissue. In contrast, the significant difference was not found in the positive rates of SMO and GLI1 protein expressions between colon cancer tissue and colonic adenoma tissue. More importantly, it was found that SMO and GLI1 expressions possibly increased gradually from the normal colon to colonic adenoma to the colon cancer. Furthermore, no distinct correlations were detected between the expression levels of SMO and GLI1 and clinicopathological parameters, including age, gender, differentiation and Dukes stage. The present results provided some new information to the possible role of HH signaling in colon cancer progression. SMO and GLI1 maybe suggested asbiomarkers to identify colon cancerous, precancerous and normal tissues as well astherapeutic targets for colon cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huzhou First People’s HospitalHuzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Sa-Sa Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huzhou First People’s HospitalHuzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Jun Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huzhou First People’s HospitalHuzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Min Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huzhou First People’s HospitalHuzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huzhou First People’s HospitalHuzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|