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Gargallo-Garriga A, Sardans J, Llusià J, Peguero G, Ayala-Roque M, Courtois EA, Stahl C, Urban O, Klem K, Nolis P, Pérez-Trujillo M, Parella T, Richter A, Janssens IA, Peñuelas J. Different profiles of soil phosphorous compounds depending on tree species and availability of soil phosphorus in a tropical rainforest in French Guiana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:278. [PMID: 38609866 PMCID: PMC11010349 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04907-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The availability of soil phosphorus (P) often limits the productivities of wet tropical lowland forests. Little is known, however, about the metabolomic profile of different chemical P compounds with potentially different uses and about the cycling of P and their variability across space under different tree species in highly diverse tropical rainforests. RESULTS We hypothesised that the different strategies of the competing tree species to retranslocate, mineralise, mobilise, and take up P from the soil would promote distinct soil 31P profiles. We tested this hypothesis by performing a metabolomic analysis of the soils in two rainforests in French Guiana using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). We analysed 31P NMR chemical shifts in soil solutions of model P compounds, including inorganic phosphates, orthophosphate mono- and diesters, phosphonates, and organic polyphosphates. The identity of the tree species (growing above the soil samples) explained > 53% of the total variance of the 31P NMR metabolomic profiles of the soils, suggesting species-specific ecological niches and/or species-specific interactions with the soil microbiome and soil trophic web structure and functionality determining the use and production of P compounds. Differences at regional and topographic levels also explained some part of the the total variance of the 31P NMR profiles, although less than the influence of the tree species. Multivariate analyses of soil 31P NMR metabolomics data indicated higher soil concentrations of P biomolecules involved in the active use of P (nucleic acids and molecules involved with energy and anabolism) in soils with lower concentrations of total soil P and higher concentrations of P-storing biomolecules in soils with higher concentrations of total P. CONCLUSIONS The results strongly suggest "niches" of soil P profiles associated with physical gradients, mostly topographic position, and with the specific distribution of species along this gradient, which is associated with species-specific strategies of soil P mineralisation, mobilisation, use, and uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Gargallo-Garriga
- Global Change Research Institute, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Belidla 986/4a, Brno, CZ-60300, Czech Republic.
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain.
| | - Jordi Sardans
- Global Ecology Unit, CSIC, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08193, Spain
| | - Joan Llusià
- Global Ecology Unit, CSIC, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08193, Spain
| | - Guille Peguero
- Global Ecology Unit, CSIC, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08193, Spain
| | | | - Elodie A Courtois
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Laboratoire écologie, évolution, Interactions des Systèmes Amazoniens (LEEISA), Université de Guyane, CNRS, IFREMER, Cayenne, France
| | - Clément Stahl
- UMR ECOFOG - Ecologie des forêts de Guyane, Kourou cedex, 97379, France
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Ecology Unit, CSIC, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Karel Klem
- Global Ecology Unit, CSIC, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pau Nolis
- Servei de Ressonància Magnètica Nuclear, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Miriam Pérez-Trujillo
- Servei de Ressonància Magnètica Nuclear, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Teodor Parella
- Servei de Ressonància Magnètica Nuclear, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Andreas Richter
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Global Ecology Unit, CSIC, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08193, Spain
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Castillo-Figueroa D, González-Melo A, Posada JM. Wood density is related to aboveground biomass and productivity along a successional gradient in upper Andean tropical forests. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1276424. [PMID: 38023915 PMCID: PMC10665531 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1276424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Wood density (WD) is a key functional trait related to ecological strategies and ecosystem carbon dynamics. Despite its importance, there is a considerable lack of information on WD in tropical Andean forests, particularly regarding its relationship with forest succession and ecosystem carbon cycling. Here, we quantified WD in 86 upper Andean tree and shrub species in central Colombia, with the aim of determining how WD changes with forest succession and how it is related to productivity. We hypothesized that WD will increase with succession because early successional forests will be colonized by acquisitive species, which typically have low WD, while the shaded understory of older forests should favor higher WD. We measured WD in 481 individuals from 27 shrub and 59 tree species, and quantified aboveground biomass (AGB), canopy height, net primary production (NPP) and species composition and abundance in 14, 400-m2, permanent plots. Mean WD was 0.513 ± 0.114 (g/cm3), with a range between 0.068 and 0.718 (g/cm3). Shrubs had, on average, higher WD (0.552 ± 0.095 g/cm3) than trees (0.488 ± 0.104 g/cm3). Community weighted mean WD (CWMwd) decreased with succession (measured as mean canopy height, AGB, and basal area); CWMwd also decreased with aboveground NPP and stem growth. In contrast, the percentage of NPP attributed to litter and the percent of shrubs in plots increased with CWMwd. Thus, our hypothesis was not supported because early successional forests had higher CWMwd than late successional forests. This was related to a high proportion of shrubs (with high WD) early in succession, which could be a consequence of: 1) a low seed availability of trees due to intense land use in the landscape and/or 2) harsh abiotic conditions early in succession that filter out trees. Forest with high CWMwd had a high %NPP attributed to litter because they were dominated by shrubs, which gain little biomass in their trunks. Our findings highlight the links between WD, succession and carbon cycling (biomass and productivity) in this biodiversity hotspot. Thus, WD is an important trait that can be used to understand upper Andean forest recovery and improve forest restoration and management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan M. Posada
- Biology Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
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Global distribution and climate sensitivity of the tropical montane forest nitrogen cycle. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7364. [PMID: 36450741 PMCID: PMC9712492 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35170-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical forests are pivotal to global climate and biogeochemical cycles, yet the geographic distribution of nutrient limitation to plants and microbes across the biome is unresolved. One long-standing generalization is that tropical montane forests are nitrogen (N)-limited whereas lowland forests tend to be N-rich. However, empirical tests of this hypothesis have yielded equivocal results. Here we evaluate the topographic signature of the ecosystem-level tropical N cycle by examining climatic and geophysical controls of surface soil N content and stable isotopes (δ15N) from elevational gradients distributed across tropical mountains globally. We document steep increases in soil N concentration and declining δ15N with increasing elevation, consistent with decreased microbial N processing and lower gaseous N losses. Temperature explained much of the change in N, with an apparent temperature sensitivity (Q10) of ~1.9. Although montane forests make up 11% of forested tropical land area, we estimate they account for >17% of the global tropical forest soil N pool. Our findings support the existence of widespread microbial N limitation across tropical montane forest ecosystems and high sensitivity to climate warming.
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Sánchez-Galindo LM, Sandmann D, Marian F, Lauermann T, Maraun M, Scheu S. Differences in leaf and root litter decomposition in tropical montane rainforests are mediated by soil microorganisms not by decomposer microarthropods. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14264. [PMID: 36348661 PMCID: PMC9637353 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plant litter decomposition is a key process in carbon and nutrient cycling. Among the factors determining litter decomposition rates, the role of soil biota in the decomposition of different plant litter types and its modification by variations in climatic conditions is not well understood. Methods In this study, we used litterbags with different mesh sizes (45 µm, 1 mm and 4 mm) to investigate the effect of microorganisms and decomposer microarthropods on leaf and root litter decomposition along an altitudinal gradient of tropical montane rainforests in Ecuador. We examined decomposition rates, litter C and N concentrations, microbial biomass and activity, as well as decomposer microarthropod abundance over one year of exposure at three different altitudes (1,000, 2,000 and 3,000 m). Results Leaf litter mass loss did not differ between the 1,000 and 2,000 m sites, while root litter mass loss decreased with increasing altitude. Changes in microbial biomass and activity paralleled the changes in litter decomposition rates. Access of microarthropods to litterbags only increased root litter mass loss significantly at 3,000 m. The results suggest that the impacts of climatic conditions differentially affect the decomposition of leaf and root litter, and these modifications are modulated by the quality of the local litter material. The findings also highlight litter quality as the dominant force structuring detritivore communities. Overall, the results support the view that microorganisms mostly drive decomposition processes in tropical montane rainforests with soil microarthropods playing a more important role in decomposing low-quality litter material.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorothee Sandmann
- JFB Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franca Marian
- JFB Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Lauermann
- JFB Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mark Maraun
- JFB Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Scheu
- JFB Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany,Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Giraldo‐Kalil LJ, Campo J, Paz H, Núñez‐Farfán J. Patterns of leaf trait variation underlie ecological differences among sympatric tree species of Damburneya in a tropical rainforest. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:1394-1409. [PMID: 36031775 PMCID: PMC9826457 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Although ecological differentiation driven by altitude and soil is hypothesized to promote coexistence of sympatric tree species of Damburneya (Lauraceae), the mechanistic role of leaf functional variation on ecological differentiation among co-occurring species remains unexplored. We aimed to determine whether the patterns of leaf trait variation reflect ecological differences among sympatric Damburneya species. We tested whether trait correlations underlying functional strategies and average species traits vary in response to local soil heterogeneity along an altitudinal gradient, potentially affecting species distributions. METHODS At two contrasting altitudes (100, 1100 m a.s.l.) in a Mexican tropical rainforest, we characterized soil chemical and physical properties and sampled four Damburneya species to quantify five leaf functional traits. We used linear models to analyze paired and multivariate trait correlations, spatial and interspecific effects on trait variation, and trait response to local soil heterogeneity. Relative contributions of intra- and interspecific variation to local trait variability were quantified with an ANOVA. RESULTS Soil nutrient availability was higher at low altitude, but all species had a high leaf N:P ratio across altitudes suggesting a limited P supply for plants. Species distribution differed altitudinally, with some species constrained to low or high altitude, potentially reflecting soil nutrient availability. Leaf traits responded to altitude and local soil properties, suggesting interspecific differences in functional strategies according to the leaf economics spectrum (conservative vs. acquisitive). CONCLUSIONS The interspecific divergence in functional strategies in response to local environmental conditions suggests that trait variation could underlie ecological differentiation among Damburneya sympatric species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Giraldo‐Kalil
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)Ciudad de MéxicoMéxico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Circuito de Posgrados, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)Coyoacán, C. P. 04510, Ciudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | - Julio Campo
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)Ciudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | - Horacio Paz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y SustentabilidadUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)MoreliaMéxico
| | - Juan Núñez‐Farfán
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)Ciudad de MéxicoMéxico
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Martins FB, Benassi RB, Torres RR, de Brito Neto FA. Impacts of 1.5 °C and 2 °C global warming on Eucalyptus plantations in South America. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:153820. [PMID: 35157863 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Even if the maximum global warming thresholds established by the Paris Agreement (1.5 and 2 °C relative to pre-industrial levels) are not exceeded, part of the climate system impacts resulting from this warming will be unavoidable. Forestry industries may be especially vulnerable, due to water shortages and the inability of growing certain forest species. An important part of the South American economy depends on the forestry sector (between 2 to ~7% of the Gross Domestic Product), mainly products derived from Eucalyptus, and so evaluating water availability considering the temperature thresholds established by the Paris Agreement will be fundamental. This study analyzed increased global average temperatures at 1.5 °C and 2 °C, and the impacts on water availability, using the Climatic Water Balance (CWB), and also studied possible impacts on Eucalyptus plantations in South America. Monthly temperature and precipitation data obtained from a set of simulations and projections of 26 General Circulation Models (GCMs) were used, in four Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios. The CWB was calculated for three periods: i) the pre-industrial period (1861-1890), ii) the present period (1975-2005), and iii) the period when temperature projections are expected to reach global average increases of 1.5 °C and 2 °C. Due to changes in the CWB, with increases in actual evapotranspiration, water deficits, and a reduced water surplus, Eucalyptus plantations will be negatively affected and economically unfeasible for about 49.2% to 56.7% of all of South America, including a large part of the Amazon region, northern South America, midwestern and northeastern Brazil, western portions of Bolivia, Paraguay, central/northern Argentina, and northern Chile. Only some parts of South America, like the southern and southeastern regions of Brazil, Uruguay, southern Argentina and Chile, Andes Mountain Range, and northwestern South America, will not suffer water deficits, and Eucalyptus plantations will be less impacted in these regions. Large parts of South America will suffer from changes in water availability. The future of the forestry industry, and especially Eucalyptus plantations in these regions, will depend on urgent and effective adaptation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrina Bolzan Martins
- Natural Resources Institute, Federal University of Itajubá, Unifei, Itajubá, Minas Gerais State, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Bitencourt Benassi
- Natural Resources Institute, Federal University of Itajubá, Unifei, Itajubá, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | - Roger Rodrigues Torres
- Natural Resources Institute, Federal University of Itajubá, Unifei, Itajubá, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
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Functional Traits of Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata in Qinling Huangguan Forest Dynamics Plot: The Relative Importance of Plant Size and Habitat. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13060899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Variation in intraspecific functional traits is one of the important components of community variation, and has drawn the attention of researchers. Studying the variation of traits under different plant sizes and habitats helps to reveal the adaptation mechanism of plants. We explored intraspecific trait variations by focusing on the widespread species Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata in a 25 ha warm, temperate, deciduous broadleaved forest plot in the Qinling Mountains. We measured nine morphological and chemical traits for 90 individuals from different plant sizes and habitats. In addition, we evaluated the relative impact of plant size and environment on Q. aliena var. acuteserrata with multiple regression models. We found that plant size explained the most variance of traits. As plant size increased, the trees tended to have lower leaf nitrogen concentrations, lower leaf phosphorus concentrations, higher leaf carbon concentrations, higher leaf dry matter content (LDMC), and thinner leaves, indicating the transformation from rapid resource acquisition strategy to conservative resource-use strategy. Habitats could only explain the changes in chemical traits. Leaf carbon concentration was principally affected by topographical factors and was significant different among habitats. Leaf nitrogen concentration and LPC were significantly limited by soil N and P. In conclusion, shifts in size-dependent traits met the growth requirements of Q. aliena var. acutiserrata; the high tolerance traits associated with this tree species might elucidate important mechanisms for coping with changing environments.
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Moreno II, Barberena‐Arias MF, González G, Lodge DJ, Cantrell SA. Canopy opening increases leaf‐shredding arthropods and nutrient mineralization but not mass loss in wet tropical forest. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ivia I. Moreno
- Department of Biology Universidad Ana G Méndez, Gurabo Campus Gurabo Puerto Rico
| | | | - Grizelle González
- USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry Río Piedras Puerto Rico
| | - D. Jean Lodge
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station Luquillo Puerto Rico
| | - Sharon A. Cantrell
- Department of Biology Universidad Ana G Méndez, Gurabo Campus Gurabo Puerto Rico
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Manu R, Corre MD, Aleeje A, Mwanjalolo MJG, Babweteera F, Veldkamp E, van Straaten O. Responses of tree growth and biomass production to nutrient addition in a semi-deciduous tropical forest in Africa. Ecology 2022; 103:e3659. [PMID: 35129838 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Experimental evidence of nutrient limitations on primary productivity in Afrotropical forests is rare and globally underrepresented, yet are crucial for understanding constraints to terrestrial carbon uptake. In an ecosystem-scale nutrient manipulation experiment, we assessed the early responses of tree growth rates among different tree sizes, taxonomic species and at a community level in a humid tropical forest in Uganda. Following a full factorial design, we established 32 (eight treatments × four replicates) experimental plots of 40 m × 40 m each. We added nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), their combinations (NP, NK, PK, and NPK) and control at the rates of 125 kg N.ha-1 .yr-1 , 50 kg P.ha-1 .yr-1 and 50 kg K.ha-1 .yr-1 , split into four equal applications, and measured stem growth of more than 15,000 trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 1 cm. After two years, the response of tree stem growth to nutrient additions was dependent on tree sizes, species and leaf habit but not community-wide. First, tree stem growth increased under N additions, primarily among medium-sized trees (10-30 cm DBH), and in trees of Lasiodiscus mildbraedii in the second year of the experiment. Second, K limitation was evident in semi-deciduous trees, which increased stem growth by 46% in +K than -K treatments, following a strong, prolonged dry season during the first year of the experiment. This highlights the key role of K in stomatal regulation and maintenance of water balance in trees, particularly under water-stressed conditions. Third, the role of P in promoting tree growth and carbon accumulation rates in this forest on highly weathered soils was rather not pronounced; nonetheless, mortality among saplings (1-5 cm DBH) was reduced by 30% in +P than in -P treatments. Although stem growth responses to nutrient interaction effects were positive or negative (likely depending on nutrient combinations and climate variability), our results underscore the fact that, in a highly diverse forest ecosystem, multiple nutrients and not one single nutrient regulate tree growth and aboveground carbon uptake due to varying nutrient requirements and acquisition strategies of different tree sizes, species and leaf habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Manu
- Department of Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Buesgenweg 2, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Marife D Corre
- Department of Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Buesgenweg 2, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Alfred Aleeje
- Department of Agricultural Production, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Majaliwa J G Mwanjalolo
- Department of Geography, Geo-informatics and Climate Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.,Regional FORUM for capacity building in Agriculture-RUFORUM, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Fred Babweteera
- Department of Forestry, Biodiversity and Tourism, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.,Budongo Conservation Field Station, P.O. Box 362, Masindi, Uganda
| | - Edzo Veldkamp
- Department of Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Buesgenweg 2, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Oliver van Straaten
- Department of Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Buesgenweg 2, 37077, Goettingen, Germany.,Johann Heinrich von Thuenen Institute, Institute for Forest Ecosystems, Alfred-Möller-Straße 1, Eberswalde, Germany
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Schulte‐Uebbing LF, Ros GH, de Vries W. Experimental evidence shows minor contribution of nitrogen deposition to global forest carbon sequestration. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:899-917. [PMID: 34699094 PMCID: PMC9299138 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Human activities have drastically increased nitrogen (N) deposition onto forests globally. This may have alleviated N limitation and thus stimulated productivity and carbon (C) sequestration in aboveground woody biomass (AGWB), a stable C pool with long turnover times. This 'carbon bonus' of human N use partly offsets the climate impact of human-induced N2 O emissions, but its magnitude and spatial variation are uncertain. Here we used a meta-regression approach to identify sources of heterogeneity in tree biomass C-N response (additional C stored per unit of N) based on data from fertilization experiments in global forests. We identified important drivers of spatial variation in forest biomass C-N response related to climate (potential evapotranspiration), soil fertility (N content) and tree characteristics (stand age), and used these relationships to quantify global spatial variation in N-induced forest biomass C sequestration. Results show that N deposition enhances biomass C sequestration in only one-third of global forests, mainly in the boreal region, while N reduces C sequestration in 5% of forests, mainly in the tropics. In the remaining 59% of global forests, N addition has no impact on biomass C sequestration. Average C-N responses were 11 (4-21) kg C per kg N for boreal forests, 4 (0-8) kg C per kg N for temperate forests and 0 (-4 to 5) kg C per kg N for tropical forests. Our global estimate of the N-induced forest biomass C sink of 41 (-53 to 159) Tg C yr-1 is substantially lower than previous estimates, mainly due to the absence of any response in most tropical forests (accounting for 58% of the global forest area). Overall, the N-induced C sink in AGWB only offsets ~5% of the climate impact of N2 O emissions (in terms of 100-year global warming potential), and contributes ~1% to the gross forest C sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena F. Schulte‐Uebbing
- Environmental Systems Analysis GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Gerard H. Ros
- Environmental Systems Analysis GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands
- Nutrient Management InstituteWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Wim de Vries
- Environmental Systems Analysis GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands
- Wageningen Environmental ResearchWageningen University & ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands
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11
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Warming Responses of Leaf Morphology Are Highly Variable among Tropical Tree Species. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Leaf morphological traits vary along climate gradients, but it is currently unclear to what extent this results from acclimation rather than adaptation. Knowing so is important for predicting the functioning of long-lived organisms, such as trees, in a rapidly changing climate. We investigated the leaf morphological warming responses of 18 tropical tree species with early (ES) abd late (LS) successional strategies, planted at three sites along an elevation gradient from 2400 m a.s.l. (15.2 °C mean temperature) to 1300 m a.s.l. (20.6 °C mean temperature) in Rwanda. Leaf size expressed as leaf area (LA) and leaf mass per area (LMA) decreased, while leaf width-to-length ratio (W/L) increased with warming, but only for one third to half of the species. While LA decreased in ES species, but mostly not in LS species, changes in LMA and leaf W/L were common in both successional groups. ES species had lower LMA and higher LA and leaf W/L compared to LS species. Values of LMA and LA of juvenile trees in this study were mostly similar to corresponding data on four mature tree species in another elevation-gradient study in Rwanda, indicating that our results are applicable also to mature forest trees. We conclude that leaf morphological responses to warming differ greatly between both successional groups and individual species, with potential consequences for species competitiveness and community composition in a warmer climate.
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Ostertag R, Restrepo C, Dalling JW, Martin PH, Abiem I, Aiba S, Alvarez‐Dávila E, Aragón R, Ataroff M, Chapman H, Cueva‐Agila AY, Fadrique B, Fernández RD, González G, Gotsch SG, Häger A, Homeier J, Iñiguez‐Armijos C, Llambí LD, Moore GW, Næsborg RR, Poma López LN, Pompeu PV, Powell JR, Ramírez Correa JA, Scharnagl K, Tobón C, Williams CB. Litter decomposition rates across tropical montane and lowland forests are controlled foremost by climate. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James W. Dalling
- University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Panamá
| | | | | | | | | | - Roxana Aragón
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (Universidad Nacional de Tucuman‐CONICET) Tucuman Argentina
| | | | | | - Augusta Y. Cueva‐Agila
- Escuela de Ciencias Agrícolas y Ambientales Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Sede Ibarra Imbabura Ecuador
| | | | - Romina D. Fernández
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (Universidad Nacional de Tucuman‐CONICET) Tucuman Argentina
| | - Grizelle González
- USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry Río Piedras Puerto Rico USA
| | | | - Achim Häger
- Leiden University College The Hague Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Homeier
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research University of Goettingen Goettingen Germany
| | - Carlos Iñiguez‐Armijos
- Laboratorio de Ecología Tropical y Servicios Ecosistémicos Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja Loja Ecuador
| | | | | | - Rikke Reese Næsborg
- Department of Biology Franklin and Marshall College Lancaster Pennsylvania USA
- Conservation and Research Santa Barbara Botanic Garden Santa Barbara California USA
| | | | - Patrícia Vieira Pompeu
- Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul Aquidauana Brasil
- Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brasil
| | | | | | - Klara Scharnagl
- University & Jepson Herbaria University of California Berkeley Berkeley California USA
| | | | - Cameron B. Williams
- Department of Biology Franklin and Marshall College Lancaster Pennsylvania USA
- Conservation and Research Santa Barbara Botanic Garden Santa Barbara California USA
- Channel Islands National Park Ventura California USA
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13
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Wang K, Wang GG, Song L, Zhang R, Yan T, Li Y. Linkages Between Nutrient Resorption and Ecological Stoichiometry and Homeostasis Along a Chronosequence of Mongolian Pine Plantations. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:692683. [PMID: 34484260 PMCID: PMC8414255 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.692683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient resorption is an important strategy for nutrient conservation, particularly under conditions of nutrient limitation. However, changes in nutrient resorption efficiency with stand development and the associated correlations with ecological stoichiometry and homeostasis are poorly understood. In the study, the authors measured carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) concentrations in soil and in green and senesced needles along a chronosequence of Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) plantations (12-, 22-, 31-, 42-, 52-, and 59-year-old) in Horqin Sandy Land of China, calculated N and P resorption efficiency (NRE and PRE, respectively), and homeostasis coefficient. The authors found that soil organic C and total N concentrations increased, but soil total P and available P concentrations decreased with stand age. Green needle N concentrations and N:P ratios as well as senesced needle C:N ratios, NRE, and PRE exhibited patterns of initial increase and subsequent decline with stand age, whereas green needle C:N ratios and senesced needle N concentrations, and N:P ratios exhibited the opposite pattern. NRE was positively correlated with N concentration and N:P ratio, but negatively correlated with C:N ratio in green needles, whereas the opposite pattern was observed in senesced needles. PRE was negatively correlated with senesced needle P concentration, soil-available N concentration, and available N:P ratio. The homeostatic coefficient of N:P was greater when including all stand ages than when including only those younger than 42 years. These findings indicate that tree growth may change from tending to be N limited to tending to be P limited along the Mongolian pine plantation chronosequence. Nutrient resorption was coupled strongly to tree growth and development, whereas it played a lesser role in maintaining stoichiometric homeostasis across the plantation chronosequence. Therefore, adaptive fertilization management strategies should be applied for the sustainable development of Mongolian pine plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, China
| | - G. Geoff Wang
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Lining Song
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Risheng Zhang
- Department of Desertification Control, Liaoning Institute of Sandy Land Control and Utilization, Fuxin, China
| | - Tao Yan
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yihang Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, China
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14
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Huaraca Huasco W, Riutta T, Girardin CAJ, Hancco Pacha F, Puma Vilca BL, Moore S, Rifai SW, Del Aguila-Pasquel J, Araujo Murakami A, Freitag R, Morel AC, Demissie S, Doughty CE, Oliveras I, Galiano Cabrera DF, Durand Baca L, Farfán Amézquita F, Silva Espejo JE, da Costa ACL, Oblitas Mendoza E, Quesada CA, Evouna Ondo F, Edzang Ndong J, Jeffery KJ, Mihindou V, White LJT, N'ssi Bengone N, Ibrahim F, Addo-Danso SD, Duah-Gyamfi A, Djaney Djagbletey G, Owusu-Afriyie K, Amissah L, Mbou AT, Marthews TR, Metcalfe DB, Aragão LEO, Marimon-Junior BH, Marimon BS, Majalap N, Adu-Bredu S, Abernethy KA, Silman M, Ewers RM, Meir P, Malhi Y. Fine root dynamics across pantropical rainforest ecosystems. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:3657-3680. [PMID: 33982340 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fine roots constitute a significant component of the net primary productivity (NPP) of forest ecosystems but are much less studied than aboveground NPP. Comparisons across sites and regions are also hampered by inconsistent methodologies, especially in tropical areas. Here, we present a novel dataset of fine root biomass, productivity, residence time, and allocation in tropical old-growth rainforest sites worldwide, measured using consistent methods, and examine how these variables are related to consistently determined soil and climatic characteristics. Our pantropical dataset spans intensive monitoring plots in lowland (wet, semi-deciduous, and deciduous) and montane tropical forests in South America, Africa, and Southeast Asia (n = 47). Large spatial variation in fine root dynamics was observed across montane and lowland forest types. In lowland forests, we found a strong positive linear relationship between fine root productivity and sand content, this relationship was even stronger when we considered the fractional allocation of total NPP to fine roots, demonstrating that understanding allocation adds explanatory power to understanding fine root productivity and total NPP. Fine root residence time was a function of multiple factors: soil sand content, soil pH, and maximum water deficit, with longest residence times in acidic, sandy, and water-stressed soils. In tropical montane forests, on the other hand, a different set of relationships prevailed, highlighting the very different nature of montane and lowland forest biomes. Root productivity was a strong positive linear function of mean annual temperature, root residence time was a strong positive function of soil nitrogen content in montane forests, and lastly decreasing soil P content increased allocation of productivity to fine roots. In contrast to the lowlands, environmental conditions were a better predictor for fine root productivity than for fractional allocation of total NPP to fine roots, suggesting that root productivity is a particularly strong driver of NPP allocation in tropical mountain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Huaraca Huasco
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Terhi Riutta
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cécile A J Girardin
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Sam Moore
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sami W Rifai
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Alejandro Araujo Murakami
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Renata Freitag
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Alexandra C Morel
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Christopher E Doughty
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Imma Oliveras
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vianet Mihindou
- Ministère de la Foret, de la Mer, de l'Environnement, Chargé Du Plan Climat, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Lee J T White
- Ministère de la Foret, de la Mer, de l'Environnement, Chargé Du Plan Climat, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Natacha N'ssi Bengone
- Ministère de la Foret, de la Mer, de l'Environnement, Chargé Du Plan Climat, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Forzia Ibrahim
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, University, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Shalom D Addo-Danso
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, University, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Akwasi Duah-Gyamfi
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, University, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Gloria Djaney Djagbletey
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, University, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Kennedy Owusu-Afriyie
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, University, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Lucy Amissah
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, University, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Armel T Mbou
- Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Leece, Italy
| | | | - Daniel B Metcalfe
- Department of Ecology and Environment Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Luiz E O Aragão
- Divisão de Sensoriamento Remoto-DIDSR, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ben H Marimon-Junior
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Beatriz S Marimon
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Noreen Majalap
- Sabah Forestry Department, Forest Research Centre, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Stephen Adu-Bredu
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, University, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Miles Silman
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Robert M Ewers
- Department of Life Science, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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15
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Lin Y, Gross A, Silver WL. Low Redox Decreases Potential Phosphorus Limitation on Soil Biogeochemical Cycling Along a Tropical Rainfall Gradient. Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-021-00662-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Urbina I, Grau O, Sardans J, Margalef O, Peguero G, Asensio D, LLusià J, Ogaya R, Gargallo‐Garriga A, Van Langenhove L, Verryckt LT, Courtois EA, Stahl C, Soong JL, Chave J, Hérault B, Janssens IA, Sayer E, Peñuelas J. High foliar K and P resorption efficiencies in old-growth tropical forests growing on nutrient-poor soils. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:8969-8982. [PMID: 34257939 PMCID: PMC8258221 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Resorption is the active withdrawal of nutrients before leaf abscission. This mechanism represents an important strategy to maintain efficient nutrient cycling; however, resorption is poorly characterized in old-growth tropical forests growing in nutrient-poor soils. We investigated nutrient resorption from leaves in 39 tree species in two tropical forests on the Guiana Shield, French Guiana, to investigate whether resorption efficiencies varied with soil nutrient, seasonality, and species traits. The stocks of P in leaves, litter, and soil were low at both sites, indicating potential P limitation of the forests. Accordingly, mean resorption efficiencies were higher for P (35.9%) and potassium (K; 44.6%) than for nitrogen (N; 10.3%). K resorption was higher in the wet (70.2%) than in the dry (41.7%) season. P resorption increased slightly with decreasing total soil P; and N and P resorptions were positively related to their foliar concentrations. We conclude that nutrient resorption is a key plant nutrition strategy in these old-growth tropical forests, that trees with high foliar nutrient concentration reabsorb more nutrient, and that nutrients resorption in leaves, except P, are quite decoupled from nutrients in the soil. Seasonality and biochemical limitation played a role in the resorption of nutrients in leaves, but species-specific requirements obscured general tendencies at stand and ecosystem level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifigenia Urbina
- CREAFCentre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions ForestalsBellaterraSpain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGlobal Ecology UnitUniversidad Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
| | - Oriol Grau
- CREAFCentre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions ForestalsBellaterraSpain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGlobal Ecology UnitUniversidad Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
- CIRADUMR EcoFoG (AgroParisTech, CNRS, INRA, Univ Antilles, Univ. Guyane)KourouFrench Guiana
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CREAFCentre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions ForestalsBellaterraSpain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGlobal Ecology UnitUniversidad Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
| | - Olga Margalef
- CREAFCentre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions ForestalsBellaterraSpain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGlobal Ecology UnitUniversidad Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
| | - Guillermo Peguero
- CREAFCentre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions ForestalsBellaterraSpain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGlobal Ecology UnitUniversidad Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
| | - Dolores Asensio
- CREAFCentre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions ForestalsBellaterraSpain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGlobal Ecology UnitUniversidad Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
| | - Joan LLusià
- CREAFCentre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions ForestalsBellaterraSpain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGlobal Ecology UnitUniversidad Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
| | - Romà Ogaya
- CREAFCentre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions ForestalsBellaterraSpain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGlobal Ecology UnitUniversidad Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
| | - Albert Gargallo‐Garriga
- CREAFCentre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions ForestalsBellaterraSpain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGlobal Ecology UnitUniversidad Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
| | - Leandro Van Langenhove
- Department of BiologyCentre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Lore T. Verryckt
- Department of BiologyCentre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Elodie A. Courtois
- CIRADUMR EcoFoG (AgroParisTech, CNRS, INRA, Univ Antilles, Univ. Guyane)KourouFrench Guiana
| | - Clément Stahl
- CIRADUMR EcoFoG (AgroParisTech, CNRS, INRA, Univ Antilles, Univ. Guyane)KourouFrench Guiana
| | - Jennifer L. Soong
- Climate and Ecosystem Science DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Jerome Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité BiologiqueUMR5174CNRS–Université Paul Sabatier–IRDToulouse cedex 9France
| | - Bruno Hérault
- Cirad, UR Forêts & SociétésUniversité de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët‐Boigny (INP‐HB)YamoussoukroIvory Coast
| | - Ivan A. Janssens
- Department of BiologyCentre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Emma Sayer
- Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanamaRepublic of Panama
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAFCentre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions ForestalsBellaterraSpain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGlobal Ecology UnitUniversidad Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
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17
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Looby CI, Martin PH. Diversity and function of soil microbes on montane gradients: the state of knowledge in a changing world. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 96:5891232. [PMID: 32780840 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mountains have a long history in the study of diversity. Like macroscopic taxa, soil microbes are hypothesized to be strongly structured by montane gradients, and recently there has been important progress in understanding how microbes are shaped by these conditions. Here, we summarize this literature and synthesize patterns of microbial diversity on mountains. Unlike flora and fauna that often display a mid-elevation peak in diversity, we found a decline (34% of the time) or no trend (33%) in total microbial diversity with increasing elevation. Diversity of functional groups also varied with elevation (e.g. saprotrophic fungi declined 83% of the time). Most studies (82%) found that climate and soils (especially pH) were the primary mechanisms driving shifts in composition, and drivers differed across taxa-fungi were mostly determined by climate, while bacteria (48%) and archaea (71%) were structured primarily by soils. We hypothesize that the central role of soils-which can vary independently of other abiotic and geographic gradients-in structuring microbial communities weakens diversity patterns expected on montane gradients. Moving forward, we need improved cross-study comparability of microbial diversity indices (i.e. standardizing sequencing) and more geographic replication using experiments to broaden our knowledge of microbial biogeography on global gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin I Looby
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Patrick H Martin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
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18
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Dueñas JF, Camenzind T, Roy J, Hempel S, Homeier J, Suárez JP, Rillig MC. Moderate phosphorus additions consistently affect community composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in tropical montane forests in southern Ecuador. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:1505-1518. [PMID: 32368801 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic atmospheric deposition can increase nutrient supply in the most remote ecosystems, potentially affecting soil biodiversity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) communities rapidly respond to simulated soil eutrophication in tropical forests. Yet the limited spatio-temporal extent of such manipulations, together with the often unrealistically high fertilization rates employed, impedes generalization of such responses. We sequenced mixed root AMF communities within a seven year-long fully factorial nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) addition experiment, replicated at three tropical montane forests in southern Ecuador with differing environmental characteristics. We hypothesized: strong shifts in community composition and species richness after long-term fertilization, site- and clade-specific responses to N vs P additions depending on local soil fertility and clade life history traits respectively. Fertilization consistently shifted AMF community composition across sites, but only reduced richness of Glomeraceae. Compositional changes were mainly driven by increases in P supply while richness reductions were observed only after combined N and P additions. We conclude that moderate increases of N and P exert a mild but consistent effect on tropical AMF communities. To predict the consequences of these shifts, current results need to be supplemented with experiments that characterize local species-specific AMF functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Dueñas
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Tessa Camenzind
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Julien Roy
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Stefan Hempel
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Jürgen Homeier
- Plant Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37073, Germany
| | - Juan Pablo Suárez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, 14195, Germany
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19
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Mo Q, Wang W, Chen Y, Peng Z, Zhou Q. Response of foliar functional traits to experimental N and P addition among overstory and understory species in a tropical secondary forest. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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20
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Gargallo-Garriga A, Sardans J, Llusià J, Peguero G, Asensio D, Ogaya R, Urbina I, Langenhove LV, Verryckt LT, Courtois EA, Stahl C, Grau O, Urban O, Janssens IA, Nolis P, Pérez-Trujillo M, Parella T, Peñuelas J. 31P-NMR Metabolomics Revealed Species-Specific Use of Phosphorous in Trees of a French Guiana Rainforest. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173960. [PMID: 32877991 PMCID: PMC7504763 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Productivity of tropical lowland moist forests is often limited by availability and functional allocation of phosphorus (P) that drives competition among tree species and becomes a key factor in determining forestall community diversity. We used non-target 31P-NMR metabolic profiling to study the foliar P-metabolism of trees of a French Guiana rainforest. The objective was to test the hypotheses that P-use is species-specific, and that species diversity relates to species P-use and concentrations of P-containing compounds, including inorganic phosphates, orthophosphate monoesters and diesters, phosphonates and organic polyphosphates. We found that tree species explained the 59% of variance in 31P-NMR metabolite profiling of leaves. A principal component analysis showed that tree species were separated along PC 1 and PC 2 of detected P-containing compounds, which represented a continuum going from high concentrations of metabolites related to non-active P and P-storage, low total P concentrations and high N:P ratios, to high concentrations of P-containing metabolites related to energy and anabolic metabolism, high total P concentrations and low N:P ratios. These results highlight the species-specific use of P and the existence of species-specific P-use niches that are driven by the distinct species-specific position in a continuum in the P-allocation from P-storage compounds to P-containing molecules related to energy and anabolic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Gargallo-Garriga
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Catalonia, Spain; (J.S.); (G.P.); (O.G.); (J.P.)
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Catalonia, Spain; (J.L.); (D.A.); (R.O.); (I.U.)
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Belidla 986/4a, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-935814221
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Catalonia, Spain; (J.S.); (G.P.); (O.G.); (J.P.)
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Catalonia, Spain; (J.L.); (D.A.); (R.O.); (I.U.)
| | - Joan Llusià
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Catalonia, Spain; (J.L.); (D.A.); (R.O.); (I.U.)
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Belidla 986/4a, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Guille Peguero
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Catalonia, Spain; (J.S.); (G.P.); (O.G.); (J.P.)
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Catalonia, Spain; (J.L.); (D.A.); (R.O.); (I.U.)
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, BE-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (L.V.L.); (L.T.V.); (E.A.C.); (I.A.J.)
| | - Dolores Asensio
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Catalonia, Spain; (J.L.); (D.A.); (R.O.); (I.U.)
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Belidla 986/4a, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Romà Ogaya
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Catalonia, Spain; (J.L.); (D.A.); (R.O.); (I.U.)
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Belidla 986/4a, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Ifigenia Urbina
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Catalonia, Spain; (J.L.); (D.A.); (R.O.); (I.U.)
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Belidla 986/4a, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Leandro Van Langenhove
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, BE-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (L.V.L.); (L.T.V.); (E.A.C.); (I.A.J.)
| | - Lore T. Verryckt
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, BE-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (L.V.L.); (L.T.V.); (E.A.C.); (I.A.J.)
| | - Elodie A. Courtois
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, BE-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (L.V.L.); (L.T.V.); (E.A.C.); (I.A.J.)
- Laboratoire Ecologie, évolution, Interactions des Systèmes Amazoniens (LEEISA), Université de Guyane, CNRS, IFREMER, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Clément Stahl
- INRA, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, Cirad, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97310 Kourou, France;
| | - Oriol Grau
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Catalonia, Spain; (J.S.); (G.P.); (O.G.); (J.P.)
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Catalonia, Spain; (J.L.); (D.A.); (R.O.); (I.U.)
- Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParisTech, CNRS, Inra, Univ Antilles, Univ Guyane), Campus Agronomique, 97310 Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Belidla 986/4a, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Ivan A. Janssens
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, BE-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (L.V.L.); (L.T.V.); (E.A.C.); (I.A.J.)
| | - Pau Nolis
- Servei de Ressonància Magnètica Nuclear, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; (P.N.); (M.P.-T.); (T.P.)
| | - Miriam Pérez-Trujillo
- Servei de Ressonància Magnètica Nuclear, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; (P.N.); (M.P.-T.); (T.P.)
| | - Teodor Parella
- Servei de Ressonància Magnètica Nuclear, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; (P.N.); (M.P.-T.); (T.P.)
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Catalonia, Spain; (J.S.); (G.P.); (O.G.); (J.P.)
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Catalonia, Spain; (J.L.); (D.A.); (R.O.); (I.U.)
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Hulshof CM, Waring BG, Powers JS, Harrison SP. Trait-based signatures of cloud base height in a tropical cloud forest. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2020; 107:886-894. [PMID: 32500611 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Clouds have profound consequences for ecosystem structure and function. Yet, the direct monitoring of clouds and their effects on biota is challenging especially in remote and topographically complex tropical cloud forests. We argue that known relationships between climate and the taxonomic and functional composition of plant communities may provide a fingerprint of cloud base height, thus providing a rapid and cost-effective assessment in remote tropical cloud forests. METHODS To detect cloud base height, we compared species turnover and functional trait values among herbaceous and woody plant communities in an ecosystem dominated by cloud formation. We measured soil and air temperature, soil nutrient concentrations, and extracellular enzyme activity. We hypothesized that woody and herbaceous plants would provide signatures of cloud base height, as evidenced by abrupt shifts in both taxonomic composition and plant function. RESULTS We demonstrated abrupt changes in taxonomic composition and the community- weighted mean of a key functional trait, specific leaf area, across elevation for both woody and herbaceous species, consistent with our predictions. However, abrupt taxonomic and functional changes occurred 100 m higher in elevation for herbaceous plants compared to woody ones. Soil temperature abruptly decreased where herbaceous taxonomic and functional turnover was high. Other environmental variables including soil biogeochemistry did not explain the abrupt change observed for woody plant communities. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that a trait-based approach can be used to estimate cloud base height. We outline how rises in cloud base height and differential environmental requirements between growth forms can be distinguished using this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Hulshof
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, 23284, USA
| | - Bonnie G Waring
- Department of Biology and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84322, USA
| | - Jennifer S Powers
- Departments of Ecology, Evolution, & Behavior and Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Susan P Harrison
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, USA
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22
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Chadwick KD, Asner GP. Geomorphic transience moderates topographic controls on tropical canopy foliar traits. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:1276-1286. [PMID: 32452136 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tropical ecosystems that exist on mountainous terrain harbour enormous species and functional diversity. In addition, the morphology of these complex landscapes is dynamic. Stream channels respond to mountain uplift by eroding into rising rock bodies. Many local factors determine whether channels are actively downcutting, in relative steady-state, or aggrading. It is possible to assess the trajectory of catchment-level landscape evolution utilising lidar-based models, but the effect of these trajectories on biogeochemical gradients and organisation of canopy traits across climatic and geochemical conditions remain uncertain. We use canopy trait maps to assess how variable erosion rate within catchments influence hillslope controls on canopy traits across Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo. While foliar nutrient content generally increased along hillslopes, these relationships were moderated by catchment responses to changing erosion pressure, with active downcutting associated with greater turnover in canopy traits along hillslopes. These results provide an understanding of geomorphic process controls on forest functional diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dana Chadwick
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gregory P Asner
- Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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23
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Tsujii Y, Aiba S, Kitayama K. Phosphorus allocation to and resorption from leaves regulate the residence time of phosphorus in above‐ground forest biomass on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tsujii
- Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Sakyo‐kuKyoto Japan
- Center for Ecological Research Kyoto University Otsu Shiga Japan
| | - Shin‐ichiro Aiba
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
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24
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Production, decomposition and nutrient contents of litter in subtropical broadleaved forest surpass those in coniferous forest, Meghalaya. Trop Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42965-020-00065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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Swinfield T, Both S, Riutta T, Bongalov B, Elias D, Majalap‐Lee N, Ostle N, Svátek M, Kvasnica J, Milodowski D, Jucker T, Ewers RM, Zhang Y, Johnson D, Teh YA, Burslem DFRP, Malhi Y, Coomes D. Imaging spectroscopy reveals the effects of topography and logging on the leaf chemistry of tropical forest canopy trees. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:989-1002. [PMID: 31845482 PMCID: PMC7027875 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Logging, pervasive across the lowland tropics, affects millions of hectares of forest, yet its influence on nutrient cycling remains poorly understood. One hypothesis is that logging influences phosphorus (P) cycling, because this scarce nutrient is removed in extracted timber and eroded soil, leading to shifts in ecosystem functioning and community composition. However, testing this is challenging because P varies within landscapes as a function of geology, topography and climate. Superimposed upon these trends are compositional changes in logged forests, with species with more acquisitive traits, characterized by higher foliar P concentrations, more dominant. It is difficult to resolve these patterns using traditional field approaches alone. Here, we use airborne light detection and ranging-guided hyperspectral imagery to map foliar nutrient (i.e. P, nitrogen [N]) concentrations, calibrated using field measured traits, over 400 km2 of northeastern Borneo, including a landscape-level disturbance gradient spanning old-growth to repeatedly logged forests. The maps reveal that canopy foliar P and N concentrations decrease with elevation. These relationships were not identified using traditional field measurements of leaf and soil nutrients. After controlling for topography, canopy foliar nutrient concentrations were lower in logged forest than in old-growth areas, reflecting decreased nutrient availability. However, foliar nutrient concentrations and specific leaf area were greatest in relatively short patches in logged areas, reflecting a shift in composition to pioneer species with acquisitive traits. N:P ratio increased in logged forest, suggesting reduced soil P availability through disturbance. Through the first landscape scale assessment of how functional leaf traits change in response to logging, we find that differences from old-growth forest become more pronounced as logged forests increase in stature over time, suggesting exacerbated phosphorus limitation as forests recover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Swinfield
- Forest Ecology and Conservation GroupDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Centre for Conservation ScienceRoyal Society for the Protection of BirdsCambridgeUK
| | - Sabine Both
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
- Environmental and Rural ScienceUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNSWAustralia
| | - Terhi Riutta
- Environmental Change InstituteSchool of Geography and the EnvironmentUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Boris Bongalov
- Forest Ecology and Conservation GroupDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Dafydd Elias
- Centre for Ecology & HydrologyLancaster Environment CentreLancasterUK
- Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
| | | | - Nicholas Ostle
- Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
| | - Martin Svátek
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Jakub Kvasnica
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - David Milodowski
- School of GeoSciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- National Centre for Earth ObservationUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Tommaso Jucker
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | | | - Yi Zhang
- Forest Ecology and Conservation GroupDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - David Johnson
- School of Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Yit Arn Teh
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | | | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change InstituteSchool of Geography and the EnvironmentUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - David Coomes
- Forest Ecology and Conservation GroupDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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26
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Sayer EJ, Rodtassana C, Sheldrake M, Bréchet LM, Ashford OS, Lopez-Sangil L, Kerdraon-Byrne D, Castro B, Turner BL, Wright SJ, Tanner EV. Revisiting nutrient cycling by litterfall—Insights from 15 years of litter manipulation in old-growth lowland tropical forest. ADV ECOL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Martínez-Gonzalez I, Ruiz-Guerra B, Velázquez-Rosas N. Elevational relationship between functional leaf traits and insect herbivory in two cloud forest understory species in Mexico. ECOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2019.1645566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Betsabé Ruiz-Guerra
- Red de Interacciones Multitróficas, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, México
| | - Noé Velázquez-Rosas
- Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, México
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Camenzind T, Scheu S, Rillig MC. Expanding the toolbox of nutrient limitation studies: A novel method of soil microbial in‐growth bags to evaluate nutrient demands in tropical forests. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Camenzind
- Institute of Biology, Plant Ecology Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) Berlin Germany
| | - Stefan Scheu
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Animal Ecology University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Matthias C. Rillig
- Institute of Biology, Plant Ecology Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) Berlin Germany
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29
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Wright SJ. Plant responses to nutrient addition experiments conducted in tropical forests. ECOL MONOGR 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Apartado 0843–03092 Balboa Panama
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Veintimilla D, Ngo Bieng MA, Delgado D, Vilchez‐Mendoza S, Zamora N, Finegan B. Drivers of tropical rainforest composition and alpha diversity patterns over a 2,520 m altitudinal gradient. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:5720-5730. [PMID: 31160993 PMCID: PMC6540655 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We sought to determine the relationship of forest composition and alpha diversity (the species diversity of a local assemblage) to altitude, soil, and spatial factors over a 440-2,950 m a.s.l gradient. LOCATION Altitudinal gradient on the Caribbean slope of the Talamanca Cordillera, Costa Rica. TAXON Angiosperm and gymnosperm trees, palms, and tree ferns. METHODS We measured and identified all stems ≥10 cm dbh in 32 0.25-ha undisturbed rain forest plots over the gradient. We determined compositional patterns using Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMS) ordination, and used linear regressions to explore the relationship between four alpha diversity metrics and altitude. With variation partitioning (VARPART), we determined the compositional variation explained by altitude, soil, and spatial variables quantified using Principle Components of Neighbor matrices. RESULTS We identified 425 species. NMS axis 1 separated a lowland zone (440-1,120 m asl) from a transitional one dominated by holarctic Oreomunnea mexicana (1,400-1,600 m asl) and Quercus-dominated forests at altitudes >2,100 m asl. The lowland zone was separated into two clusters of plots on NMS axis 2, the first in the 430-620 m asl range and the second at 1,000-1,120 masl. Regressions showed that all alpha diversity metrics were strongly negatively related to altitude (R 2 > 0.78). Overall, adjusted R 2 from VARPART was 0.43, with 0.30, 0.21, and 0.17 for altitude, soil, and space respectively. The respective adjusted R 2 of individual matrices, on controlling for the other two, was 0.06, 0.05 and 0.09 (p < 0.001). MAIN CONCLUSIONS There are two well-defined forest compositional zones on this gradient-lowlands 430-1,120 m asl and montane forests >2,150 m asl-with a transitional zone at 1,400-1,600 m asl, where lowland tropical and montane holarctic species are found together. Montane forests are very distinct in their composition and low alpha diversity. Vegetation and soil respond to altitude, and therefore temperature, as an integrated system, a model that goes beyond niche assembly as shown by the significant effect of space in the VARPART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Veintimilla
- CATIE-Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y EnseñanzaTurrialbaCosta Rica
| | - Marie Ange Ngo Bieng
- CATIE-Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y EnseñanzaTurrialbaCosta Rica
- CIRAD, UR Forêts et Sociétés, CIRAD Campus International de BaillarguetMontpellierCedex 5France
| | - Diego Delgado
- CATIE-Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y EnseñanzaTurrialbaCosta Rica
| | | | - Nelson Zamora
- CATIE-Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y EnseñanzaTurrialbaCosta Rica
| | - Bryan Finegan
- CATIE-Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y EnseñanzaTurrialbaCosta Rica
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Walker LM, Cedeño-Sanchez M, Carbonero F, Herre EA, Turner BL, Wright SJ, Stephenson SL. The Response of Litter-Associated Myxomycetes to Long-Term Nutrient Addition in a Lowland Tropical Forest. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2019; 66:757-770. [PMID: 30793409 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Myxomycetes (plasmodial slime molds) are abundant protist predators that feed on bacteria and other microorganisms, thereby playing important roles in terrestrial nutrient cycling. Despite their significance, little is known about myxomycete communities and the extent to which they are affected by nutrient availability. We studied the influence of long-term addition of N, P, and K on the myxomycete community in a lowland forest in the Republic of Panama. In a previous study, microbial biomass increased with P but not N or K addition at this site. We hypothesized that myxomycetes would increase in abundance in response to P but that they would not respond to the sole addition of N or K. Moist chamber cultures of leaf litter and small woody debris were used to quantify myxomycete abundance. We generated the largest myxomycete dataset (3,381 records) for any single locality in the tropics comprised by 91 morphospecies. In line with our hypothesis, myxomycete abundance increased in response to P addition but did not respond to N or K. Community composition was unaffected by nutrient treatments. This work represents one of very few large-scale and long-term field studies to include a heterotrophic protist highlighting the feasibility and value in doing so.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Walker
- Department of Biology, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
| | - Marjorie Cedeño-Sanchez
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Ancon, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Franck Carbonero
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72704, USA
| | - Edward Allen Herre
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Ancon, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Benjamin L Turner
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Ancon, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - S Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Ancon, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Steven L Stephenson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, USA
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32
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Do the distribution patterns of plant functional traits change during early secondary succession in tropical montane cloud forests? ACTA OECOLOGICA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hernández‐Vargas G, Sánchez‐Velásquez LR, López‐Acosta JC, Noa‐Carrazana JC, Perroni Y. Relationship between soil properties and leaf functional traits in early secondary succession of tropical montane cloud forest. Ecol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan C. López‐Acosta
- Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales (CITRO), Universidad Veracruzana Veracruz Mexico
| | - Juan C. Noa‐Carrazana
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada (INBIOTECA), Universidad Veracruzana Veracruz Mexico
| | - Yareni Perroni
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada (INBIOTECA), Universidad Veracruzana Veracruz Mexico
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Bauters M, Verbeeck H, Rütting T, Barthel M, Bazirake Mujinya B, Bamba F, Bodé S, Boyemba F, Bulonza E, Carlsson E, Eriksson L, Makelele I, Six J, Cizungu Ntaboba L, Boeckx P. Contrasting nitrogen fluxes in African tropical forests of the Congo Basin. ECOL MONOGR 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marijn Bauters
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS; Department of Green Chemistry and Technology; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 9000 Gent Belgium
- CAVElab, Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology; Department of Environment; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- CAVElab, Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology; Department of Environment; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Tobias Rütting
- Department of Earth Sciences; University of Gothenburg; Box 460 405 30 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Matti Barthel
- Sustainable Agroecosystems; Department of Environmental Systems Science; ETH Zürich; Tannenstrasse 1 8092 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Basile Bazirake Mujinya
- Laboratory of Soil Science; Department of General Agricultural Sciences; University of Lubumbashi; PO Box 1825 Lubumbashi Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Fernando Bamba
- Faculté d'Agronomie; Université Catholique de Bukavu; Avenue de la Mission, Box 285 Bukavu Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Samuel Bodé
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS; Department of Green Chemistry and Technology; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Faustin Boyemba
- Plant Department; Faculty of Science; Université de Kisangani; Kisangani Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Emmanuel Bulonza
- Faculté d'Agronomie; Université Catholique de Bukavu; Avenue de la Mission, Box 285 Bukavu Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Elin Carlsson
- Department of Earth Sciences; University of Gothenburg; Box 460 405 30 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Linnéa Eriksson
- Department of Earth Sciences; University of Gothenburg; Box 460 405 30 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Isaac Makelele
- Faculté d'Agronomie; Université Catholique de Bukavu; Avenue de la Mission, Box 285 Bukavu Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Johan Six
- Sustainable Agroecosystems; Department of Environmental Systems Science; ETH Zürich; Tannenstrasse 1 8092 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Landry Cizungu Ntaboba
- Faculté d'Agronomie; Université Catholique de Bukavu; Avenue de la Mission, Box 285 Bukavu Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS; Department of Green Chemistry and Technology; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 9000 Gent Belgium
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Padgurschi MCG, Vieira SA, Stefani EJF, Nardoto GB, Joly CA. Nitrogen input by bamboos in neotropical forest: a new perspective. PeerJ 2018; 6:e6024. [PMID: 30519513 PMCID: PMC6275114 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nitrogen (N) is an important macronutrient that controls the productivity of ecosystems and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is a major source of N in terrestrial systems, particularly tropical forests. Bamboo dominates theses forests, but our knowledge regarding the role of bamboo in ecosystem functioning remains in its infancy. We investigated the importance of a native bamboo species to the N cycle of a Neotropical forest. Methods We selected 100 sample units (100 m2 each) in a pristine montane Atlantic Forest, in Brazil. We counted all the clumps and live culms of Merostachys neesii bamboo and calculated the specific and total leaf area, as well as litter production and respective N content. Potential N input was estimated based on available data on BNF rates for the same bamboo species, whose N input was then contextualized using information on N cycling components in the study area. Results With 4,000 live culms ha-1, the native bamboo may contribute up to 11.7 kg N ha-1 during summer (January to March) and 19.6 kg N ha-1 in winter (July to September). When extrapolated for annual values, M. neesii could contribute more than 60 kg N ha-1y-1. Discussion The bamboo species' contribution to N input may be due to its abundance (habitat availability for microbial colonization) and the composition of the free-living N fixer community on its leaves (demonstrated in previous studies). Although some N is lost during decomposition, this input could mitigate the N deficit in the Atlantic Forest studied by at least 27%. Our findings suggest that M. neesii closely regulates N input and may better explain the high diversity and carbon stocks in the area. This is the first time that a study has investigated BNF using free-living N fixers on the phyllosphere of bamboo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maíra C G Padgurschi
- Plant Biology Department, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone A Vieira
- Center for Environmental Studies and Research, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson J F Stefani
- Plant Biology Department, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos A Joly
- Plant Biology Department, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Climate Sensitivity of Tropical Trees Along an Elevation Gradient in Rwanda. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9100647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Elevation gradients offer excellent opportunities to explore the climate sensitivity of vegetation. Here, we investigated elevation patterns of structural, chemical, and physiological traits in tropical tree species along a 1700–2700 m elevation gradient in Rwanda, central Africa. Two early-successional (Polyscias fulva, Macaranga kilimandscharica) and two late-successional (Syzygium guineense, Carapa grandiflora) species that are abundant in the area and present along the entire gradient were investigated. We found that elevation patterns in leaf stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), net photosynthesis (An), and water-use efficiency were highly season-dependent. In the wet season, there was no clear variation in gs or An with elevation, while E was lower at cooler high-elevation sites. In the dry season, gs, An, and E were all lower at drier low elevation sites. The leaf-to-air temperature difference was smallest in P. fulva, which also had the highest gs and E. Water-use efficiency (An/E) increased with elevation in the wet season, but not in the dry season. Leaf nutrient ratios indicated that trees at all sites are mostly P limited and the N:P ratio did not decrease with increasing elevation. Our finding of strongly decreased gas exchange at lower sites in the dry season suggests that both transpiration and primary production would decline in a climate with more pronounced dry periods. Furthermore, we showed that N limitation does not increase with elevation in the forests studied, as otherwise most commonly reported for tropical montane forests.
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Moore JF, Mulindahabi F, Gatorano G, Niyigaba P, Ndikubwimana I, Cipolletta C, Masozera MK. Shifting through the forest: home range, movement patterns, and diet of the eastern chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda. Am J Primatol 2018; 80:e22897. [PMID: 29992652 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Populations of the endangered eastern chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) are declining throughout their range. Although Nyungwe National Park (NNP) harbors the largest remaining eastern chimpanzee population in Rwanda, we know little about their space use and dietary patterns. We studied home range, movement, and diet of two communities of chimpanzees in NNP using daily tracking data (6:00 am to 6:00 pm) collected from 2000 to 2015. One community, Mayebe, resided in the forest center, and the other community, Cyamudongo, inhabited a forest fragment located about 10 km from the main forest. Home range estimated with the 95% kernel density estimation (KDE) method was 21 km2 for the Mayebe community and 4 km2 for the Cyamudongo community. Chimpanzee home range sizes were smaller during the dry versus wet season and varied monthly throughout the year. The Mayebe community had an average hourly step length of 75 ± SE 5 m with a daily movement range of 987 ± SE 71 m, while the Cyamudongo community had a shorter hourly step length of 52 ± SE 3 m with a daily movement range of 651 ± SE 71 m. Both chimpanzee communities fed primarily on Ficus spp. Other important dietary items included fruits of Symphonia globulifera, Syzygium guineense, and Chrysophyllum gorungosanum for the Mayebe community and Trilepisium madagascariense for the Cyamudongo community. Food choice varied monthly and seasonally for each chimpanzee community. Our study provides the first estimates of home range size and movement parameters for chimpanzees in Rwanda and documents their food habits and seasonal variations therein. We also identified the 50% core home range for each chimpanzee community and suggest this area as the focus of management actions. These results could help park management reduce threats to chimpanzees and other sympatric species by improving the efficiency of ranger patrols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer F Moore
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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38
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Martínez-Camilo R, González-Espinosa M, Ramírez-Marcial N, Cayuela L, Pérez-Farrera MÁ. Tropical tree species diversity in a mountain system in southern Mexico: local and regional patterns and determinant factors. Biotropica 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Martínez-Camilo
- Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad; El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR); Carretera Panamericana y Periférico Sur s/n, Barrio María Auxiliadora 29290 San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas México
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas; Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas (UNICACH); Libramiento Norte Poniente 1150 29030 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas México
| | - Mario González-Espinosa
- Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad; El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR); Carretera Panamericana y Periférico Sur s/n, Barrio María Auxiliadora 29290 San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas México
| | - Neptalí Ramírez-Marcial
- Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad; El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR); Carretera Panamericana y Periférico Sur s/n, Barrio María Auxiliadora 29290 San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas México
| | - Luis Cayuela
- Departamento de Biología, Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica; Universidad Rey Juan Carlos; c/ Tulipán s/n E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid España
| | - Miguel Ángel Pérez-Farrera
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas; Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas (UNICACH); Libramiento Norte Poniente 1150 29030 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas México
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39
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Fujii S, Cornelissen JHC, Berg MP, Mori AS. Tree leaf and root traits mediate soil faunal contribution to litter decomposition across an elevational gradient. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saori Fujii
- Department of Environment and Natural SciencesGraduate School of Environment and Information SciencesYokohama National University Yokohama Japan
- Department of Ecological ScienceFaculty of ScienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Hakubi Center for Advanced Research / Field Science Education and Research CenterKyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Johannes H. C. Cornelissen
- Department of Ecological ScienceFaculty of ScienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Matty P. Berg
- Department of Ecological ScienceFaculty of ScienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Conservation and Community Ecology GroupGroningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesGroningen University Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Akira S. Mori
- Department of Environment and Natural SciencesGraduate School of Environment and Information SciencesYokohama National University Yokohama Japan
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40
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Báez S, Homeier J. Functional traits determine tree growth and ecosystem productivity of a tropical montane forest: Insights from a long-term nutrient manipulation experiment. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:399-409. [PMID: 28921844 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Trait-response effects are critical to forecast community structure and biomass production in highly diverse tropical forests. Ecological theory and few observation studies indicate that trees with acquisitive functional traits would respond more strongly to higher resource availability than those with conservative traits. We assessed how long-term tree growth in experimental nutrient addition plots (N, P, and N + P) varied as a function of morphological traits, tree size, and species identity. We also evaluated how trait-based responses affected stand scale biomass production considering the community structure. We found that tree growth depended on interactions between functional traits and the type or combination of nutrients added. Common species with acquisitive functional traits responded more strongly to nutrient addition, mainly to N + P. Phosphorous enhanced the growth rates of species with acquisitive and conservative traits, had mostly positive effects on common species and neutral or negative effects in rare species. Moreover, trees receiving N + P grew faster irrespective of their initial size relative to trees in control or to trees in other treatment plots. Finally, species responses were highly idiosyncratic suggesting that community processes including competition and niche dimensionality may be altered under increased resource availability. We found no statistically significant effects of nutrient additions on aboveground biomass productivity because acquisitive species had a limited potential to increase their biomass, possibly due to their generally lower wood density. In contrast, P addition increased the growth rates of species characterized by more conservative resource strategies (with higher wood density) that were poorly represented in the plant community. We provide the first long-term experimental evidence that trait-based responses, community structure, and community processes modulate the effects of increased nutrient availability on biomass productivity in a tropical forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Báez
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
- Museo de Colecciones Biológicas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Jürgen Homeier
- Plant Ecology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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41
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Cárate-Tandalla D, Camenzind T, Leuschner C, Homeier J. Contrasting species responses to continued nitrogen and phosphorus addition in tropical montane forest tree seedlings. Biotropica 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Cárate-Tandalla
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research; University of Goettingen; Untere Karspuele 2 37073 Goettingen Germany
| | - Tessa Camenzind
- Plant Ecology; Institute of Biology; Freie Universität Berlin; Altensteinstraβe 6 14195 Berlin Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research; Berlin Germany
| | - Christoph Leuschner
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research; University of Goettingen; Untere Karspuele 2 37073 Goettingen Germany
| | - Jürgen Homeier
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research; University of Goettingen; Untere Karspuele 2 37073 Goettingen Germany
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42
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Camenzind T, Hättenschwiler S, Treseder KK, Lehmann A, Rillig MC. Nutrient limitation of soil microbial processes in tropical forests. ECOL MONOGR 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Camenzind
- Institute of Biology; Freie Universität Berlin; Altensteinstr. 6 14195 Berlin Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB); 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Stephan Hättenschwiler
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE); UMR 5175; CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, EPHE; 1919 route de Mende 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Kathleen K. Treseder
- School of Biological Sciences; University of California; Irvine California 92697 USA
| | - Anika Lehmann
- Institute of Biology; Freie Universität Berlin; Altensteinstr. 6 14195 Berlin Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB); 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Matthias C. Rillig
- Institute of Biology; Freie Universität Berlin; Altensteinstr. 6 14195 Berlin Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB); 14195 Berlin Germany
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43
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Marian F, Sandmann D, Krashevska V, Maraun M, Scheu S. Leaf and root litter decomposition is discontinued at high altitude tropical montane rainforests contributing to carbon sequestration. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:6432-6443. [PMID: 28861246 PMCID: PMC5574766 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated how altitude affects the decomposition of leaf and root litter in the Andean tropical montane rainforest of southern Ecuador, that is, through changes in the litter quality between altitudes or other site-specific differences in microenvironmental conditions. Leaf litter from three abundant tree species and roots of different diameter from sites at 1,000, 2,000, and 3,000 m were placed in litterbags and incubated for 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 months. Environmental conditions at the three altitudes and the sampling time were the main factors driving litter decomposition, while origin, and therefore quality of the litter, was of minor importance. At 2,000 and 3,000 m decomposition of litter declined for 12 months reaching a limit value of ~50% of initial and not decomposing further for about 24 months. After 36 months, decomposition commenced at low rates resulting in an average of 37.9% and 44.4% of initial remaining after 48 months. In contrast, at 1,000 m decomposition continued for 48 months until only 10.9% of the initial litter mass remained. Changes in decomposition rates were paralleled by changes in microorganisms with microbial biomass decreasing after 24 months at 2,000 and 3,000 m, while varying little at 1,000 m. The results show that, irrespective of litter origin (1,000, 2,000, 3,000 m) and type (leaves, roots), unfavorable microenvironmental conditions at high altitudes inhibit decomposition processes resulting in the sequestration of carbon in thick organic layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Marian
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and AnthropologyUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Dorothee Sandmann
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and AnthropologyUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Valentyna Krashevska
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and AnthropologyUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Mark Maraun
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and AnthropologyUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Stefan Scheu
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and AnthropologyUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land UseUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
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44
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Nitrogen addition alters ectomycorrhizal fungal communities and soil enzyme activities in a tropical montane forest. FUNGAL ECOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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45
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Fyllas NM, Bentley LP, Shenkin A, Asner GP, Atkin OK, Díaz S, Enquist BJ, Farfan-Rios W, Gloor E, Guerrieri R, Huasco WH, Ishida Y, Martin RE, Meir P, Phillips O, Salinas N, Silman M, Weerasinghe LK, Zaragoza-Castells J, Malhi Y. Solar radiation and functional traits explain the decline of forest primary productivity along a tropical elevation gradient. Ecol Lett 2017; 20:730-740. [PMID: 28464375 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in ecology is to understand how ecosystems respond to changes in environmental conditions, and how taxonomic and functional diversity mediate these changes. In this study, we use a trait-spectra and individual-based model, to analyse variation in forest primary productivity along a 3.3 km elevation gradient in the Amazon-Andes. The model accurately predicted the magnitude and trends in forest productivity with elevation, with solar radiation and plant functional traits (leaf dry mass per area, leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentration, and wood density) collectively accounting for productivity variation. Remarkably, explicit representation of temperature variation with elevation was not required to achieve accurate predictions of forest productivity, as trait variation driven by species turnover appears to capture the effect of temperature. Our semi-mechanistic model suggests that spatial variation in traits can potentially be used to estimate spatial variation in productivity at the landscape scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos M Fyllas
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lisa Patrick Bentley
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander Shenkin
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gregory P Asner
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Sandra Díaz
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET and FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Casilla de Correo 495, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina
| | - Brian J Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,The Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Rd, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 87501, USA
| | | | - Emanuel Gloor
- Ecology and Global Change, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Rossella Guerrieri
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Edificio C, 08290, Cerdanyola, Barcelona Spain.,School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Walter Huaraca Huasco
- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, 733 Avenida de la Cultura, Cusco, 921, Peru
| | - Yoko Ishida
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, Australia
| | - Roberta E Martin
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Patrick Meir
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, Edinburgh, UK.,Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Oliver Phillips
- Ecology and Global Change, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Norma Salinas
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Sección Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, San Miguel, Lima, Peru
| | - Miles Silman
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Lasantha K Weerasinghe
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.,Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Joana Zaragoza-Castells
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.,Department Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Amory Building, EX4 4RJ, Exeter, UK
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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46
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Malhi Y, Girardin CAJ, Goldsmith GR, Doughty CE, Salinas N, Metcalfe DB, Huaraca Huasco W, Silva-Espejo JE, Del Aguilla-Pasquell J, Farfán Amézquita F, Aragão LEOC, Guerrieri R, Ishida FY, Bahar NHA, Farfan-Rios W, Phillips OL, Meir P, Silman M. The variation of productivity and its allocation along a tropical elevation gradient: a whole carbon budget perspective. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:1019-1032. [PMID: 27768811 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Why do forest productivity and biomass decline with elevation? To address this question, research to date generally has focused on correlative approaches describing changes in woody growth and biomass with elevation. We present a novel, mechanistic approach to this question by quantifying the autotrophic carbon budget in 16 forest plots along a 3300 m elevation transect in Peru. Low growth rates at high elevations appear primarily driven by low gross primary productivity (GPP), with little shift in either carbon use efficiency (CUE) or allocation of net primary productivity (NPP) between wood, fine roots and canopy. The lack of trend in CUE implies that the proportion of photosynthate allocated to autotrophic respiration is not sensitive to temperature. Rather than a gradual linear decline in productivity, there is some limited but nonconclusive evidence of a sharp transition in NPP between submontane and montane forests, which may be caused by cloud immersion effects within the cloud forest zone. Leaf-level photosynthetic parameters do not decline with elevation, implying that nutrient limitation does not restrict photosynthesis at high elevations. Our data demonstrate the potential of whole carbon budget perspectives to provide a deeper understanding of controls on ecosystem functioning and carbon cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Cécile A J Girardin
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Gregory R Goldsmith
- Ecosystem Fluxes Group, Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Christopher E Doughty
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Norma Salinas
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
- Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
| | - Daniel B Metcalfe
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, SE 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Luiz E O C Aragão
- Remote Sensing Division, National Institute for Space Research, Av. dos Astronautas, 1.758, São José dos Campos, SP, 12227-010, Brazil
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Rossella Guerrieri
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications, CREAF c/o Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Edificio C, 08290, Cerdanyola, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XP, UK
| | - Françoise Yoko Ishida
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Centre of Tropical Environmental and Sustainabilility Science, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, 4870, Australia
| | - Nur H A Bahar
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Building 134, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - William Farfan-Rios
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | | | - Patrick Meir
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XP, UK
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Building 134, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Miles Silman
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
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47
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Bahar NHA, Ishida FY, Weerasinghe LK, Guerrieri R, O'Sullivan OS, Bloomfield KJ, Asner GP, Martin RE, Lloyd J, Malhi Y, Phillips OL, Meir P, Salinas N, Cosio EG, Domingues TF, Quesada CA, Sinca F, Escudero Vega A, Zuloaga Ccorimanya PP, Del Aguila-Pasquel J, Quispe Huaypar K, Cuba Torres I, Butrón Loayza R, Pelaez Tapia Y, Huaman Ovalle J, Long BM, Evans JR, Atkin OK. Leaf-level photosynthetic capacity in lowland Amazonian and high-elevation Andean tropical moist forests of Peru. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:1002-1018. [PMID: 27389684 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We examined whether variations in photosynthetic capacity are linked to variations in the environment and/or associated leaf traits for tropical moist forests (TMFs) in the Andes/western Amazon regions of Peru. We compared photosynthetic capacity (maximal rate of carboxylation of Rubisco (Vcmax ), and the maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax )), leaf mass, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) per unit leaf area (Ma , Na and Pa , respectively), and chlorophyll from 210 species at 18 field sites along a 3300-m elevation gradient. Western blots were used to quantify the abundance of the CO2 -fixing enzyme Rubisco. Area- and N-based rates of photosynthetic capacity at 25°C were higher in upland than lowland TMFs, underpinned by greater investment of N in photosynthesis in high-elevation trees. Soil [P] and leaf Pa were key explanatory factors for models of area-based Vcmax and Jmax but did not account for variations in photosynthetic N-use efficiency. At any given Na and Pa , the fraction of N allocated to photosynthesis was higher in upland than lowland species. For a small subset of lowland TMF trees examined, a substantial fraction of Rubisco was inactive. These results highlight the importance of soil- and leaf-P in defining the photosynthetic capacity of TMFs, with variations in N allocation and Rubisco activation state further influencing photosynthetic rates and N-use efficiency of these critically important forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur H A Bahar
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - F Yoko Ishida
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, Australia
| | - Lasantha K Weerasinghe
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Rossella Guerrieri
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Edificio C, 08290, Cerdanyola, Barcelona Spain
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JN, UK
| | - Odhran S O'Sullivan
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Keith J Bloomfield
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Gregory P Asner
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Roberta E Martin
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jon Lloyd
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, Australia
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Oliver L Phillips
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS9 2JT, UK
| | - Patrick Meir
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JN, UK
| | - Norma Salinas
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
- Seccion Quimica, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av Universitaria 1801, San Miguel, Lima, Perú
| | - Eric G Cosio
- Seccion Quimica, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av Universitaria 1801, San Miguel, Lima, Perú
| | - Tomas F Domingues
- Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Quesada
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Felipe Sinca
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alberto Escudero Vega
- Seccion Quimica, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av Universitaria 1801, San Miguel, Lima, Perú
| | - Paola P Zuloaga Ccorimanya
- Escuela Profesional de Biologia, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av de la Cultura, No. 733, Cusco, Perú
| | - Jhon Del Aguila-Pasquel
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana (IIAP), Av. José A. Quiñones km. 2.5, Apartado Postal 784, Iquitos, Perú
- School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Katherine Quispe Huaypar
- Escuela Profesional de Biologia, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av de la Cultura, No. 733, Cusco, Perú
| | - Israel Cuba Torres
- Escuela Profesional de Biologia, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av de la Cultura, No. 733, Cusco, Perú
| | - Rosalbina Butrón Loayza
- Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av de la Cultura, No. 733, Cusco, Perú
| | - Yulina Pelaez Tapia
- Escuela Profesional de Biologia, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av de la Cultura, No. 733, Cusco, Perú
| | - Judit Huaman Ovalle
- Escuela Profesional de Biologia, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av de la Cultura, No. 733, Cusco, Perú
| | - Benedict M Long
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - John R Evans
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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48
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Andersen KM, Mayor JR, Turner BL. Plasticity in nitrogen uptake among plant species with contrasting nutrient acquisition strategies in a tropical forest. Ecology 2017; 98:1388-1398. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. Andersen
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Apartado Postal 0843-03092 Balboa Republic of Panama
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Exeter; Exeter EX4 4RJ UK
| | - Jordan R. Mayor
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Apartado Postal 0843-03092 Balboa Republic of Panama
- Department of Biology; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida 32611 USA
| | - Benjamin L. Turner
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Apartado Postal 0843-03092 Balboa Republic of Panama
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49
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Taylor PG, Cleveland CC, Wieder WR, Sullivan BW, Doughty CE, Dobrowski SZ, Townsend AR. Temperature and rainfall interact to control carbon cycling in tropical forests. Ecol Lett 2017; 20:779-788. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip G. Taylor
- Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
| | - Cory C. Cleveland
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences University of Montana Missoula MT USA
| | - William R. Wieder
- Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
- National Center for Atmospheric Research TSS, CGD/ NCAR Boulder CO USA
| | - Benjamin W. Sullivan
- Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Science and the Global Water Center University of Nevada‐Reno Reno NV USA
| | - Christopher E. Doughty
- School of Informatics Computing and Cyber systems Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ USA
| | | | - Alan R. Townsend
- Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research and Environmental Studies Program University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
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50
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Altitudinal filtering of large-tree species explains above-ground biomass variation in an Atlantic Central African rain forest. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467416000602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:Patterns in above-ground biomass of tropical forests over short altitudinal gradients are poorly known. The aim of this study was to investigate the variation of above-ground biomass with altitude in old-growth forests and determine the importance of changes in floristic composition as a cause of this variation. We used a dataset from 15 1-ha permanent plots established from lowland (200 m asl) to submontane forests (900 m asl) in the Ngovayang Massif, south-western Cameroon. We analysed variation over altitude in two specific functional traits, the potential maximum tree height and the wood density. Forest above-ground biomass decreased from 500–600 Mg ha−1 in lowland plots to around 260 Mg ha−1 at the highest altitudes. The contribution to above-ground biomass of large-tree species (dbh ≥ 70 cm) decreased with altitude, while the contribution of smaller trees was constant. Contribution of the Fabaceae subfamily Caesalpinioideae decreased with altitude, while those of Clusiaceae, Phyllanthaceae and Burseraceae increased. While potential maximum tree height significantly decreased, wood specific gravity displayed no trend along the gradient. Finally, the decrease in above-ground biomass along the short altitudinal gradient can be at least partially explained by a shift in species composition, with large-tree species being filtered out at the highest altitudes. These results suggest that global change could lead to significant shifts in the properties of montane forests over time.
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