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Wang D, Xin S, Dong Y, Sun Z, Li X, Wang Q, Liu G, Liu Y, Xin Y. Heat and carbon co-activated persulfate to regenerate gentamicin-laden activated carbon: Performance, mechanism, and safety assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140960. [PMID: 38104734 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Activated carbon enriched with high concentrations of gentamicin (ACG) was generated in the production process of gentamicin. Inappropriate handling methods for ACG not only squanders carbon resource, but also seriously hinders achieving global carbon neutrality and hazardous to human health. In the present work, thermal and carbon co-activated persulfate method (TC-PS) was developed to regenerate ACG with degrading gentamicin. The results showed that ACG was effectively regenerated by TC-PS, restoring the adsorption performance for gentamicin. When the treatment temperature was 80 °C, the persulfate dosage was 20 mM and the initial pH was 3.0, the degradation efficiency of gentamicin reached 100%. The HO• and SO4•- were the major reactive species for gentamicin degradation. The possible degradation routes of gentamicin were proposed and the safety assessment indicated that the produced intermediates during the regeneration process of ACG by TC-PS have insignificant impact on the biological and ecological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shuaishuai Xin
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Yanan Dong
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Zhihao Sun
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xiaofen Li
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Qianwen Wang
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Guocheng Liu
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yucan Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Yanjun Xin
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Patel J, Singh KR, Singh AK, Singh J, Singh AK. Multifunctional Cu:ZnS quantum dots for degradation of Amoxicillin and Dye Sulphon Fast Black-F and efficient determination of urea for assessing environmental aspects. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 235:116674. [PMID: 37459950 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
This work is particularly aimed at the preparation of ZnS and Cu doped ZnS (Cu:ZnS) QDs by facile and easy technique, chemical precipitation method for the degradation of water pollutants and a simple scheme was proposed to prepare the urea-sensing system. The morphological and optical properties of the synthesized QDs was studied using high resolution transmission and scanning electron microscopes, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, fluorescence and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, differential thermal and thermogravimetric analyses, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis. The photocatalytic performance was systematically assessed by the photodegradation of an important pharmaceutical water pollutant, Amoxicillin (AMX) and a dye Fast Sulphon Black F (SFBF) in aqueous medium under UV light irradiation. Also, a very sensitive system was prepared by depositing the dots over an indium-tin-oxide (ITO) glass substrate for the sensing of biologically active molecule urea as it is an important monitor of public health in water and soil productivity. The results illustrated excellent photocatalytic efficiency (86.46% for AMX and 99.41% for SFBF) with stability up to four cycles of degradation reaction. The optimal photocatalyst dosage for achieving maximum removal of AMX was found to be 70 mg at a pH of 9.5, with a treatment time of 40 min. Similarly, for SFBF, the optimal photocatalyst dosage was determined to be 60 mg at pH 9, with a treatment time of 60 min. Further, the electrochemical analysis was done by fabricating Urease enzyme (UR)/Cu:ZnS QDs/ITO bioelectrode and then the fabricated bioelectrode, was utilized to determine the different concentrations of urea by cyclic voltammetry. Thus, the obtained limit of detection and sensitivity of the fabricated biosensing device for urea detection was obtained to be 0.0092 μM and 12 μA μM-1cm-2, respectively; under the optimized experimental conditions. Hence, it is anticipated that Cu:ZnS QDs can also successfully be applied as a promising material for fabrication of novel bioelectrode for urea determination and the biosensing platform is desirable and viable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. V. Y. T. PG. Autonomous College, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491001, India
| | - Kshitij Rb Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. V. Y. T. PG. Autonomous College, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491001, India; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Singh
- School of Material Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Jay Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Ajaya K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. V. Y. T. PG. Autonomous College, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491001, India; School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa.
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de Souza Santos LV, Lebron YAR, Moreira VR, Jacob RS, Martins DCDS, Lange LC. Norfloxacin and gentamicin degradation catalyzed by manganese porphyrins under mild conditions: the importance of toxicity assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:16203-16212. [PMID: 34647211 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16850-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The current work assessed the degradation degree and the degradation products derived from norfloxacin (NOR) and gentamicin (GEN) using iodosylbenzene and iodobenzene diacetate, in the presence of manganese porphyrin as catalysts. Better results for NOR degradation (> 80%) were obtained when more hydrophobic porphyrins were employed. β-brominated manganese porphyrins showed a lower GEN degradation (~ 25%) than the non-brominated ones (~ 35%), probably due to their steric hindrance. In any case, complete mineralization was achieved neither for NOR nor for GEN, and the assignment of the generated products, complemented by the study of their toxicity, was an important step performed. From the obtained results, no correlation was found between the number of identified products and the reported toxicity value (rSpearman,NOR = 0.006; p value = 0.986 and rSpearman,GEN = - 0,198; p value = 0.583), which reinforces the idea of synergism and antagonistic phenomena. The higher degradation degree could have led to products of lower steric hindrance and easier penetration into the A. fischeri cells, which subsequently led to an increase in toxicity for these experiments. In most cases, the products presented higher toxicity than the original compound, which raises a concern about their occurrence in environmental matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucilaine Valéria de Souza Santos
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 1294, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30270-901, Brazil.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 1686, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30535-901, Brazil.
| | - Yuri Abner Rocha Lebron
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 1294, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30270-901, Brazil
| | - Victor Rezende Moreira
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 1294, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30270-901, Brazil
| | - Raquel Sampaio Jacob
- Department of Civil Engineering, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 1686, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30535-901, Brazil
| | | | - Lisete Celina Lange
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 1294, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30270-901, Brazil
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Pinto CF, Antonelli R, de Araújo KS, Fornazari ALDT, Fernandes DM, Granato AC, Azevedo EB, Malpass GRP. Experimental-design-guided approach for the removal of atrazine by sono-electrochemical-UV-chlorine techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:430-440. [PMID: 29052462 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1395480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the electrochemical formation of free chlorine species (HOCl/ClO-) and their subsequent use for the degradation of the pesticide atrazine. Initially, the process of electrochemical-free chlorine production was investigated using a bench-scale electrochemical flow-cell. The most significant variables (electrolyte concentration ([NaCl]) and inter-electrode gap) of the process were obtained using a 23 factorial design and the optimum process conditions (1.73 mol L-1 and 0.56 cm) were determined by a central composite design. Following optimization of free chlorine production, three degradation techniques were investigated, individually and in combination, for atrazine degradation: electrochemical, photochemical and sonochemical. The method using the techniques in combination was denominated sono-photo-assisted electrochemical degradation. Constant current assays were performed and the sono-photo-assisted electrochemical process promoted more efficient removal of atrazine, achieving total organic carbon removal of ∼98% and removal of atrazine to levels below the detection limit (>99%) in under 30 min of treatment. Furthermore, the combination of three techniques displayed lower energy consumption, and phytotoxicity tests (Lactuca sativa) showed that there was no increase in toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Ferreira Pinto
- a Multicentric Postgraduate Program in Chemistry of Minas Gerais , Federal University of the Triângulo Mineiro , Uberaba , Brazil
| | - Raissa Antonelli
- a Multicentric Postgraduate Program in Chemistry of Minas Gerais , Federal University of the Triângulo Mineiro , Uberaba , Brazil
| | - Karla Santos de Araújo
- a Multicentric Postgraduate Program in Chemistry of Minas Gerais , Federal University of the Triângulo Mineiro , Uberaba , Brazil
- b Professional Master's Program in Technological Innovation , Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro , Uberaba , Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza de Toledo Fornazari
- b Professional Master's Program in Technological Innovation , Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro , Uberaba , Brazil
| | - David Maikel Fernandes
- b Professional Master's Program in Technological Innovation , Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro , Uberaba , Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Granato
- b Professional Master's Program in Technological Innovation , Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro , Uberaba , Brazil
| | | | - Geoffroy Roger Pointer Malpass
- a Multicentric Postgraduate Program in Chemistry of Minas Gerais , Federal University of the Triângulo Mineiro , Uberaba , Brazil
- b Professional Master's Program in Technological Innovation , Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro , Uberaba , Brazil
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