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Giallongo S, Ferrigno J, Caltabiano R, Broggi G, Alanazi AM, Distefano A, Tropea E, Tramutola A, Perluigi M, Volti GL, Barone E, Barbagallo IA. Aging exacerbates oxidative stress and liver fibrosis in an animal model of Down Syndrome. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:10203-10215. [PMID: 38942607 PMCID: PMC11236314 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Down Syndrome (DS) is a common genetic disorder characterized by an extra copy of chromosome 21, leading to dysregulation of various metabolic pathways. Oxidative stress in DS is associated with neurodevelopmental defects, neuronal dysfunction, and a dementia onset resembling Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, chronic oxidative stress contributes to cardiovascular diseases and certain cancers prevalent in DS individuals. This study investigates the impact of ageing on oxidative stress and liver fibrosis using a DS murine model (Ts2Cje mice). Our results show that DS mice show increased liver oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant defenses, as evidenced by reduced glutathione levels and increased lipid peroxidation. Therefore, DS liver exhibits an altered inflammatory response and mitochondrial fitness as we showed by assaying the expression of HMOX1, CLPP, and the heat shock proteins Hsp90 and Hsp60. DS liver also displays dysregulated lipid metabolism, indicated by altered expression of PPARα, PPARγ, FATP5, and CTP2. Consistently, these changes might contribute to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease development, a condition characterized by liver fat accumulation. Consistently, histological analysis of DS liver reveals increased fibrosis and steatosis, as showed by Col1a1 increased expression, indicative of potential progression to liver cirrhosis. Therefore, our findings suggest an increased risk of liver pathologies in DS individuals, particularly when combined with the higher prevalence of obesity and metabolic dysfunctions in DS patients. These results shed a light on the liver's role in DS-associated pathologies and suggest potential therapeutic strategies targeting oxidative stress and lipid metabolism to prevent or mitigate liver-related complications in DS individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Giallongo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95124, Italy
| | - Jessica Ferrigno
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95124, Italy
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, Catania 95124, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Broggi
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, Catania 95124, Italy
| | - Amer M Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alfio Distefano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95124, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tropea
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95124, Italy
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi-Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, RM 00185, Italy
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi-Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, RM 00185, Italy
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95124, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, Catania 95124, Italy
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Carretero VJ, Ramos E, Segura-Chama P, Hernández A, Baraibar AM, Álvarez-Merz I, Muñoz FL, Egea J, Solís JM, Romero A, Hernández-Guijo JM. Non-Excitatory Amino Acids, Melatonin, and Free Radicals: Examining the Role in Stroke and Aging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1844. [PMID: 37891922 PMCID: PMC10603966 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to explore the relationship between melatonin, free radicals, and non-excitatory amino acids, and their role in stroke and aging. Melatonin has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its diverse physiological functions and potential therapeutic benefits by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Melatonin has been found to mitigate ischemic brain damage caused by stroke. By scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative damage, melatonin may help slow down the aging process and protect against age-related cognitive decline. Additionally, non-excitatory amino acids have been shown to possess neuroprotective properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory in stroke and aging-related conditions. They can attenuate oxidative stress, modulate calcium homeostasis, and inhibit apoptosis, thereby safeguarding neurons against damage induced by stroke and aging processes. The intracellular accumulation of certain non-excitatory amino acids could promote harmful effects during hypoxia-ischemia episodes and thus, the blockade of the amino acid transporters involved in the process could be an alternative therapeutic strategy to reduce ischemic damage. On the other hand, the accumulation of free radicals, specifically mitochondrial reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, accelerates cellular senescence and contributes to age-related decline. Recent research suggests a complex interplay between melatonin, free radicals, and non-excitatory amino acids in stroke and aging. The neuroprotective actions of melatonin and non-excitatory amino acids converge on multiple pathways, including the regulation of calcium homeostasis, modulation of apoptosis, and reduction of inflammation. These mechanisms collectively contribute to the preservation of neuronal integrity and functions, making them promising targets for therapeutic interventions in stroke and age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Jiménez Carretero
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Teófilo Hernando Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Ramos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Segura-Chama
- Investigador por México-CONAHCYT, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Huipulco, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Adan Hernández
- Institute of Neurobiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma of México, Juriquilla, Santiago de Querétaro 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Andrés M Baraibar
- Department of Neurosciences, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Iris Álvarez-Merz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Teófilo Hernando Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco López Muñoz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Camilo José Cela, C/Castillo de Alarcón 49, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (i + 12), Avda. Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Egea
- Molecular Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Plasticity Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Solís
- Neurobiology-Research Service, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, Km. 9, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Hernández-Guijo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Teófilo Hernando Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, Km. 9, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Aimed to the Ocular Delivery of Mangiferin: In Vitro Evidence. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030951. [PMID: 36986812 PMCID: PMC10053599 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although mangiferin (MGN) is a natural antioxidant that could be a good candidate for the treatment of ocular diseases, its use in ophthalmology is strongly compromised due to its high lipophilicity. Its encapsulation in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) seems to be an interesting strategy for improving its ocular bioavailability. As reported in our previous work, MGN–NLC showed high ocular compatibility and fulfilled the nanotechnological requirements needed for ocular delivery. The aim of the present work was to investigate, in vitro and ex vivo, the capability of MGN–NLC to act as a potential drug delivery system for MGN ocular administration. The data obtained in vitro on arising retinal pigment epithelium cells (ARPE-19) did not show cytotoxic effects for blank NLC and MGN–NLC; likewise, MGN–NLC showed the maintenance of the antioxidant role of MGN by mitigating ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) formation and GSH (glutathione) depletion induced by H2O2. In addition, the capacity of MGN-released to permeate through and accumulate into the ocular tissues was confirmed ex vivo using bovine corneas. Finally, the NLC suspension has been formulated as a freeze-dried powder using mannitol at a concentration of 3% (w/v) in order to optimize its storage for long periods of time. All this evidence suggests a potential application of MGN–NLC in the treatment of oxidative stress-related ocular diseases.
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Effects of Mangiferin on LPS-Induced Inflammation and SARS-CoV-2 Viral Adsorption in Human Lung Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122845. [PMID: 36559338 PMCID: PMC9788116 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing interest in natural bioactive molecules, as an approach to many pathological contexts, is widely justified by the necessity to overcome the disadvantageous benefit-risk ratio related to traditional therapies. Among them, mangiferin (MGF) shows promising beneficial properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of MGF on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung NCI-H292 cells, focusing on its role against COVID-19 adsorption. In order to obtain this information, cells treated with LPS, with or without MGF, were analyzed performing wound healing, gene expression of inflammatory cytokines, GSH quantification, and JC-1 staining. Moreover, the inhibition of viral adsorption was evaluated microbiologically and the results were further confirmed by molecular docking analysis. In this regard, MGF downregulates the expression of several inflammatory factors, enhances GSH levels, promotes the wound healing rate, and restores the mitochondrial dysfunction caused by LPS. In addition, MGF significantly inhibits SARS-CoV-2 adsorption as shown by the gene expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS-2, and furtherly confirmed by microbiological and molecular modeling evaluation. Although more investigations are still needed, all data obtained constitute a solid background, demonstrating the cytoprotective role of MGF in inflammatory mechanisms including COVID-19 infection.
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Sferrazzo G, Palmeri R, Restuccia C, Parafati L, Siracusa L, Spampinato M, Carota G, Distefano A, Di Rosa M, Tomasello B, Costantino A, Gulisano M, Li Volti G, Barbagallo I. Mangifera indica L. Leaves as a Potential Food Source of Phenolic Compounds with Biological Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071313. [PMID: 35883804 PMCID: PMC9312095 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well recognized that functional foods rich in antioxidants and antiinflammation agents including polyphenols, probiotics/prebiotics, and bioactive compounds have been found to have positive effects on the aging process. In particular, fruits play an important role in regular diet, promoting good health and longevity. In this study, we investigated on biological properties of extract obtained from Mangifera indica L. leaves in preclinical in vitro models. Specifically, the profile and content of bioactive compounds, the antimicrobial potential toward food spoilage and pathogenic bacterial species, and the eventually protective effect in inflammation were examined. Our findings revealed that MLE was rich in polyphenols, showing a content exclusively in the subclass of benzophenone/xanthone metabolites, and these phytochemical compounds demonstrated the highest antioxidant capacity and greatest in vitro antibacterial activity toward different bacterial species such as Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Staphylococcus aureus, and St. haemolyticus. Furthermore, our data showed an in vitro anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antifibrotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Sferrazzo
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.S.); (B.T.); (A.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Rosa Palmeri
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.P.); (C.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Cristina Restuccia
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.P.); (C.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Lucia Parafati
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.P.); (C.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Laura Siracusa
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del CNR (ICB-CNR), Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy;
| | - Mariarita Spampinato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (G.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.R.); (G.L.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Carota
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (G.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.R.); (G.L.V.)
| | - Alfio Distefano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (G.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.R.); (G.L.V.)
| | - Michelino Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (G.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.R.); (G.L.V.)
| | - Barbara Tomasello
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.S.); (B.T.); (A.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Angelita Costantino
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.S.); (B.T.); (A.C.); (M.G.)
- Interuniversity Consortium for Biotechnology, Area di Ricerca, Padriciano, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Massimo Gulisano
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.S.); (B.T.); (A.C.); (M.G.)
- Interuniversity Consortium for Biotechnology, Area di Ricerca, Padriciano, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (G.C.); (A.D.); (M.D.R.); (G.L.V.)
| | - Ignazio Barbagallo
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.S.); (B.T.); (A.C.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Yang X, Lu W, Hopper CP, Ke B, Wang B. Nature's marvels endowed in gaseous molecules I: Carbon monoxide and its physiological and therapeutic roles. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1434-1445. [PMID: 34221861 PMCID: PMC8245769 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nature has endowed gaseous molecules such as O2, CO2, CO, NO, H2S, and N2 with critical and diverse roles in sustaining life, from supplying energy needed to power life and building blocks for life's physical structure to mediating and coordinating cellular functions. In this article, we give a brief introduction of the complex functions of the various gaseous molecules in life and then focus on carbon monoxide as a specific example of an endogenously produced signaling molecule to highlight the importance of this class of molecules. The past twenty years have seen much progress in understanding CO's mechanism(s) of action and pharmacological effects as well as in developing delivery methods for easy administration. One remarkable trait of CO is its pleiotropic effects that have few parallels, except perhaps its sister gaseous signaling molecules such as nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide. This review will delve into the sophistication of CO-mediated signaling as well as its validated pharmacological functions and possible therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Christopher P. Hopper
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
- Institut für Experimentelle Biomedizin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Bavaria 97080, Germany
| | - Bowen Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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Parisi GF, Carota G, Castruccio Castracani C, Spampinato M, Manti S, Papale M, Di Rosa M, Barbagallo I, Leonardi S. Nutraceuticals in the Prevention of Viral Infections, including COVID-19, among the Pediatric Population: A Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2465. [PMID: 33671104 PMCID: PMC7957644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growth in scientific interest in nutraceuticals, which are those nutrients in foods that have beneficial effects on health. Nutraceuticals can be extracted, used for food supplements, or added to foods. There has long been interest in the antiviral properties of nutraceuticals, which are especially topical in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to evaluate the main nutraceuticals to which antiviral roles have been attributed (either by direct action on viruses or by modulating the immune system), with a focus on the pediatric population. Furthermore, the possible applications of these substances against SARS-CoV-2 will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Fabio Parisi
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.F.P.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (S.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Carota
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 87 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.C.); (M.S.); (M.D.R.)
| | - Carlo Castruccio Castracani
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology Leonard and Madlyn Abramson Pediatric Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Mariarita Spampinato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 87 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.C.); (M.S.); (M.D.R.)
| | - Sara Manti
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.F.P.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (S.L.)
| | - Maria Papale
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.F.P.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (S.L.)
| | - Michelino Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 87 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.C.); (M.S.); (M.D.R.)
| | - Ignazio Barbagallo
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Leonardi
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.F.P.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (S.L.)
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Petrova IV, Birulina YG, Belyaeva SN, Trubacheva OA, Sidekhmenova AV, Smagliy LV, Kovalev IV, Gusakova SV. The Effects of Gasomediators on the Са2+-Dependent Potassium Permeability of the Erythrocyte Membrane. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350920040156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Non-competitive heme oxygenase-1 activity inhibitor reduces non-small cell lung cancer glutathione content and regulates cell proliferation. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:1949-1964. [PMID: 32056044 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05292-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related death mainly due to its high metastatic rate. Impairment of redox homeostasis mechanisms has been previously described in NSCLC and is associated with the disease itself as well as with comorbidities such as smoking. The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of selective and non-competitive inhibition of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) on cancer redox homeostasis with particular regards to glutathione (GSH) metabolism related enzymes. NSCLC cell line (A549) was treated with the HO-1 activity inhibitor VP13/47 (10 µM) and we further evaluated cell viability, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Our results showed that VP13/47 significantly reduced HO-1 expression and total HO activity thus, resulting in a significant reduction of cell viability, proliferation and increased apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Consistently with increased oxidative stress, we also showed that reduced GSH was significantly decreased and such effect was also accompanied by a significant downregulation of the enzymes involved in its biosynthesis. Taken all together our results show that selective HO-1 inhibition significantly impairs NSCLC progression and may represent a possible pharmacological strategy for new chemotherapy agents.
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McRae KE, Pudwell J, Peterson N, Smith GN. Inhaled carbon monoxide increases vasodilation in the microvascular circulation. Microvasc Res 2019; 123:92-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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McRae KE, Peterson N, Dickson MA, Smith GN. CORM-A1 treatment leads to increased carbon monoxide in pregnant mice. Pregnancy Hypertens 2018; 14:97-104. [PMID: 30527127 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2018.08.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karalyn E McRae
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Nichole Peterson
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Megan A Dickson
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Graeme N Smith
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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12
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Vanella L, Barbagallo I, Tibullo D, Forte S, Zappalà A, Li Volti G. The non-canonical functions of the heme oxygenases. Oncotarget 2018; 7:69075-69086. [PMID: 27626166 PMCID: PMC5356613 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) isoforms catalyze the conversion of heme to carbon monoxide (CO) and biliverdin with a concurrent release of iron, which can drive the synthesis of ferritin for iron sequestration. Most of the studies so far were directed at evaluating the protective effect of these enzymes because of their ability to generate antioxidant and antiapoptotic molecules such as CO and bilirubin. Recent evidences are suggesting that HO may possess other important physiological functions, which are not related to its enzymatic activity and for which we would like to introduce for the first time the term “non canonical functions”. Recent evidence suggest that both HO isoforms may form protein-protein interactions (i.e. cytochrome P450, adiponectin, CD91) thus serving as chaperone-like protein. In addition, truncated HO-1 isoform was localized in the nuclear compartment under certain experimental conditions (i.e. excitotoxicity, hypoxia) regulating the activity of important nuclear transcription factors (i.e. Nrf2) and DNA repair. In the present review, we discuss three potential signaling mechanisms that we refer to as the non-canonical functions of the HO isoforms: protein-protein interaction, intracellular compartmentalization, and extracellular secretion. The aim of the present review is to describe each of this mechanism and all the aspects warranting additional studies in order to unravel all the functions of the HO system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Vanella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Tibullo
- Division of Haematology, AOU "Policlinico - Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Forte
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo Ricerca srl Viagrande, Catania, Italy
| | - Agata Zappalà
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,EuroMediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
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Role of Gasotransmitters in Oxidative Stresses, Neuroinflammation, and Neuronal Repair. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:1689341. [PMID: 28386548 PMCID: PMC5366188 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1689341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To date, three main gasotransmitters, that is, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitric oxide (NO), have been discovered to play major bodily physiological roles. These gasotransmitters have multiple functional roles in the body including physiologic and pathologic functions with respect to the cellular or tissue quantities of these gases. Gasotransmitters were originally known to have only detrimental and noxious effects in the body but that notion has much changed with years; vast studies demonstrated that these gasotransmitters are precisely involved in the normal physiological functioning of the body. From neuromodulation, oxidative stress subjugation, and cardiovascular tone regulation to immunomodulation, these gases perform critical roles, which, should they deviate from the norm, can trigger the genesis of a number of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The purpose of this review is to discuss at great length physical and chemical properties and physiological actions of H2S, NO, and CO as well as shedding light on recently researched molecular targets. We particularly put emphasis on the roles in neuronal inflammation and neurodegeneration and neuronal repair.
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Sun P, Zhu K, Wang C, Liu WW, Peng DG, Zhao X. Prophylactic effects of alkaloids from Ba lotus seeds on L-NNA-induced hypertension in mice. Chin J Nat Med 2017; 14:835-843. [PMID: 27914527 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(16)30100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alkaloids from Ba lotus seeds (ABLS) are a kind of important functional compounds in lotus seeds. The present study was designed to determine its hypertension prophylactic effects in the L-NNA-induced mouse hypertension model. The mice were treated with ABLS, the serum and tissues levels of NO, MDA, ET-1, VEGF, and CGRP were determined using the experimental kits, the mRNA levels of various genes in the heart muscle and blood vessel tissues were further determined by RT-PCR assay. ABLS could reduce the systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean blood pressure (MBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), compared to that of the model control group. After ABLS treatment, the NO (nitric oxide) contents in serum, heart, liver, kidney and stomach of the mice were higher than that of the control mice, but the MDA (malonaldehyde) contents were lower than that of the control mice. The serum levels of ET-1 (endothelin-1), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) were decreased after ABLS treatment, but CGRP (calcium gene related peptide) level was increased. The ABLS treated mice had higher mRNA expressions of HO-1, nNOS, and eNOS and lower expressions of ADM, RAMP2, IL-1β, TNF-α, and iNOS than the control mice. Higher concentration of ABLS had greater prophylactic effects, which were close to that of the hypertension drug captopril. These results indicated the hypertension prophylactic effects of ABLS could be further explored as novel medicine or functional food in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; Chongqing Enterprise Engineering Research Center of Ba-lotus Breeding and Deep Processing, Chongqing 400041, China; Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Cun Wang
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Wei-Wei Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - De-Guang Peng
- Chongqing Enterprise Engineering Research Center of Ba-lotus Breeding and Deep Processing, Chongqing 400041, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; Chongqing Enterprise Engineering Research Center of Ba-lotus Breeding and Deep Processing, Chongqing 400041, China; Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
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Xiong J, Wang K, Yuan C, Xing R, Ni J, Hu G, Chen F, Wang X. Luteolin protects mice from severe acute pancreatitis by exerting HO-1-mediated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Int J Mol Med 2016; 39:113-125. [PMID: 27878246 PMCID: PMC5179180 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reseda odorata L. has long been used in traditional Asian medicine for the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative injury and acute inflammation, such as endotoxemia, acute lung injury, acute myocardial infarction and hepatitis. Luteolin, the main component of Reseda odorata L., which is also widely found in many natural herbs and vege-tables, has been shown to induce heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of luteolin on mice with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Cerulein and lipopolysaccharide were used to induce SAP in male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice in the SAP group. The SAP group was divided into 4 subgroups, as follows: the vehicle, luteolin, zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) only, and luteolin (Lut) + ZnPP (luteolin plus zinc protoporphyrin treatment) groups. The wet/dry weight ratios, hematoxylin and eosin staining and pathological scores of pancreatic tissues were assessed and compared to those of the control mice. Amylase, lipase, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and myeloperoxidase activities, and malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and HO-1 levels, as well as the expression of HO-1 were determined in serum and/or pancreatic tissue samples. SAP was successfully induced in male mice compared to normal control mice. The wet/dry weight ratios, pathological scores, and amylase and lipase activity, as well as the levels of TNFα and IL-6 were significantly reduced in the pancreatic tissues of the mice in the Lut group compared with those of the mice in the vehicle group. The Lut group exhibited a significant increase in HO-1 expression in the pancreas and enhanced serum HO-1 and IL-10 levels compared with the vehicle group. The suppression of HO-1 activity in the ZnPP group significantly abolished the protective effects of luteolin. NF-κB expression in the pancreatic tissues from the mice in the Lut + ZnPP group was significantly increased following the suppression of HO-1 activity. On the whole, our findings demonstrate that luteolin protects mice from SAP by inducing HO-1-mediated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, in association with the suppression of the activation of the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Kezhou Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Chunxiao Yuan
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Rong Xing
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Jianbo Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Guoyong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Fengling Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, P.R. China
| | - Xingpeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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Palmeri R, Monteleone JI, Spagna G, Restuccia C, Raffaele M, Vanella L, Li Volti G, Barbagallo I. Olive Leaf Extract from Sicilian Cultivar Reduced Lipid Accumulation by Inducing Thermogenic Pathway during Adipogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:143. [PMID: 27303302 PMCID: PMC4885843 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive leaves contain a wide variety of phenolic compounds belonging to phenolic acids, phenolic alcohols, flavonoids, and secoiridoids, and include also many other pharmacological active compounds. They could play an important role in human diet and health because of their ability to lower blood pressure, increase coronary arteries blood flow and decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of olive leaf extract (OLE) from Sicilian cultivar on adipogenic differentiation of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells and its impact on lipid metabolism. We showed that OLE treatment during adipogenic differentiation reduces inflammation, lipid accumulation and induces thermogenesis by activation of uncoupling protein uncoupling protein 1, sirtuin 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, and coactivator 1 alpha. Furthermore, OLE significantly decreases the expression of molecules involved in adipogenesis and upregulates the expression of mediators involved in thermogenesis and lipid metabolism. Taken together, our results suggest that OLE may promote the brown remodeling of white adipose tissue inducing thermogenesis and improving metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Palmeri
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Julieta I. Monteleone
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Spagna
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Cristina Restuccia
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Marco Raffaele
- Biochemistry Section, Department of Drug Sciences, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Luca Vanella
- Biochemistry Section, Department of Drug Sciences, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and TechnologyPalermo, Italy
| | - Ignazio Barbagallo
- Biochemistry Section, Department of Drug Sciences, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and TechnologyPalermo, Italy
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Ji X, Damera K, Zheng Y, Yu B, Otterbein LE, Wang B. Toward Carbon Monoxide-Based Therapeutics: Critical Drug Delivery and Developability Issues. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:406-416. [PMID: 26869408 PMCID: PMC4755352 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an intrinsic signaling molecule with importance on par with that of nitric oxide. During the past decade, pharmacologic studies have amply demonstrated the therapeutic potential of carbon monoxide. However, such studies were mostly based on CO inhalation and metal-based CO-releasing molecules. The field is now at the stage that a major effort is needed to develop pharmaceutically acceptable forms of CO for delivery via various routes such as oral, injection, infusion, or topical applications. This review examines the state of the art, discusses the existing hurdles to overcome, and proposes developmental strategies necessary to address remaining drug delivery issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue Ji
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30303
| | - Krishna Damera
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30303
| | - Yueqin Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30303
| | - Bingchen Yu
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30303
| | - Leo E Otterbein
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30303.
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Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Regulates PPAR's Levels in Stem Cells-Derived Adipocytes. PPAR Res 2016; 2016:7359521. [PMID: 26904104 PMCID: PMC4745343 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7359521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic obesity inhibits activation of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), considered the key mediator of the fully differentiated and insulin sensitive adipocyte phenotype. We examined the effects of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (Cape), isolated from propolis, a honeybee hive product, on Adipose Stem Cells (ASCs) differentiation to the adipocyte lineage. Finally we tested the effects of Cape on insulin-resistant adipocytes. Quantification of Oil Red O-stained cells showed that lipid droplets decreased following Cape treatment as well as radical oxygen species formation. Additionally, exposure of ASC to high glucose levels decreased adiponectin and increased proinflammatory cytokines mRNA levels, which were reversed by Cape-mediated increase of insulin sensitivity. Cape treatment resulted in decreased triglycerides synthesis and increased beta-oxidation. Exposure of ASCs to Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced a reduction of PPARγ, an increase of IL-6 levels associated with a well-known stimulation of lipolysis; Cape partially attenuated the LPS-mediated effects. These observations reveal the main role of PPARγ in the adipocyte function and during ASC differentiation. As there is now substantial interest in functional food and nutraceutical products, the observed therapeutic value of Cape in insulin-resistance related diseases should be taken into consideration.
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EXP CLIN TRANSPLANTExp Clin Transplant 2015; 13. [DOI: 10.6002/ect.2015.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Barbagallo I, Parenti R, Zappalà A, Vanella L, Tibullo D, Pepe F, Onni T, Li Volti G. Combined inhibition of Hsp90 and heme oxygenase-1 induces apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress in melanoma. Acta Histochem 2015; 117:705-11. [PMID: 26493719 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins are ubiquitous molecular chaperones involved in post-translational folding, stability, activation and maturation of many proteins that are essential mediators of signal transduction and cell cycle progression. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) has recently emerged as an attractive therapeutic target in cancer treatment since it may act as a key regulator of various oncogene products and cell-signaling molecules. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1; also known as Hsp32) is an inducible enzyme participating in heme degradation and involved in oxidative stress resistance. Recent studies indicate that HO-1 activation may play a role in tumor development and progression. In the present study we investigated the chemotherapic effects of combining an Hsp90 inhibitor (NMS E973) and an HO-1 inhibitor (SnMP) on A375 melanoma cells. NMS E973 treatment was able to reduce cell viability and induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (i.e. Ire1α, ERO1, PDI, BIP and CHOP). Interestingly, no significant effect was observed in reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Finally, NMS E973 treatment resulted in a significant HO-1 overexpression, which in turn serves as a possible chemoresistance molecular mechanism. Interestingly, the combination of NMS E973 and SnMP produced an increase of ROS and reduced cell viability compared to NMS E973 treatment alone. The inhibitors combination exhibited higher ER stress, apoptosis as evidenced by bifunctional apoptosis regulator (BFAR) mRNA expression and lower phosphorylation of Akt when compared to NMS E973 alone. In conclusion, these data suggest that HO-1 inhibition potentiates NMS E973 toxicity and may be exploited as a strategy for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio Barbagallo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Via Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; EuroMediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Via Emerico Amari 123, 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Agata Zappalà
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Vanella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Via Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Division of Hematology, AOU "Policlinico-Vittorio Emauele", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Pepe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Italy
| | - Toniangelo Onni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Italy
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; EuroMediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Via Emerico Amari 123, 90139 Palermo, Italy.
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Murakami A, Nesumi A, Maeda-Yamamoto M, Yamaguchi H, Yashima K, Miura M, Nakano T, Nekoshima K. Anthocyanin-rich tea Sunrouge upregulates expressions of heat shock proteins in the gastrointestinal tract of ICR mice: A comparison with the conventional tea cultivar Yabukita. J Food Drug Anal 2015; 23:407-416. [PMID: 28911697 PMCID: PMC9351784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sunrouge is an anthocyanin-rich, new tea cultivar that contains similar levels of catechins as Yabukita, the most popular tea cultivar consumed in Japan. Interestingly, Sunrouge preparations have previously been shown to have more pronounced acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and anticolitis activities than those of Yabukita. In this study, we examined their effects on expressions of self-defensive molecules, including heat shock proteins (HSPs), which are molecular chaperones involved in homeostasis and longevity. Hot water extract from freeze-dried Sunrouge significantly upregulated messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of HSP40, HSP70, and HSP32 (heme oxygenase-1), with grades greater than those shown by Yabukita. Oral administration of freeze-dried preparation of Sunrouge to male ICR mice at a dose of 1% in the basal diet for 1 month resulted in marked upregulations of several HSP mRNA expressions in mucosa from the gastrointestinal tract, especially the upper small intestine. Again, its efficacy was remarkably higher than that of Yabukita. Moreover, exposure of Caenorhabditis elegans to Sunrouge conferred thermoresistant phenotype, and also resulted in a significant life-span elongation. Taken together, our results suggest that Sunrouge is a unique and promising tea cultivar for regulating self-defense systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Murakami
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Nesumi
- National Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Setocho, Makurazaki, Kagoshima 898-0087, Japan
| | - Mari Maeda-Yamamoto
- National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | | | - Koji Yashima
- Nepuree Corporation, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo 104-0031, Japan
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Mohamed MSA. Antioxidants and K+ channel agonists versus hydrogen therapy during ex vivo lung perfusion†. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2015; 49:357. [PMID: 26012504 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezv192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S A Mohamed
- Thoracic Transplantation Department, University Clinic Essen, Essen, Germany
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Xin G, DU J, Wang YT, Liang TT. Effect of oxidative stress on heme oxygenase-1 expression in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. Exp Ther Med 2013; 7:478-482. [PMID: 24396429 PMCID: PMC3881034 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-oxidative stress effect of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression is being increasingly studied. However, few studies regarding HO-1 have been conducted in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). In the present study, HO-1 expression was compared in peripheral blood mononuclear cells at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy in patients with GDM and healthy females, to investigate the correlation between HO-1 and oxidative stress by calculation of MDA content in the peripheral blood serum (thiobarbituric acid method), tested ROS (flow cytometry method), HO-1mRNA (RT-PCR method), and HO-1 protein (western blotting method) of Mononuclear cells. The results show that the levels of serum malonaldehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), HO-1 mRNA and HO-1 protein expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were higher in the GDM group than in the control group. Correlation analysis showed that the expression levels of HO-1 protein were positively correlated with the HO-1 mRNA expression levels (r=0.680; P=0.000), and the levels of ROS (r=0.572; P=0.000) and MDA (r=0.614; P=0.000). HO-1 mRNA expression levels were found to positively correlate with the levels of MDA (r=0.451; P=0.010) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG; r=0.337; P=0.039). Partial correlation analysis demonstrated that, after removing the effects of body mass index, FPG and 2-h plasma glucose, HO-1 protein expression levels were positively correlated with the levels of HO-1 mRNA expression (r=0.611; P=0.005), ROS (r=0.526; P=0.021) and MDA (r=0.519; P=0.015). These findings indicate that pregnant females with GDM may be protected against oxidative injury due to the induction of adaptive and compensatory expression of HO-1 to guard against oxidative stress induced by high glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Juan DU
- Department of Obstetrisc, Women and Children's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250001, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Tao Wang
- Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
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Hanafy KA, Oh J, Otterbein LE. Carbon Monoxide and the brain: time to rethink the dogma. Curr Pharm Des 2013; 19:2771-5. [PMID: 23092321 DOI: 10.2174/1381612811319150013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbon Monoxide (CO), long thought to be a simple environmental pollutant is now known to have a critical role in cellular functions ranging from vasodilation to circadian rhythms. In this review, we will begin with a discussion of the enzyme responsible for CO production: heme oxygenase. Because this review will focus on the effects of CO in the brain, we will transition to CO toxicology and determine if this simple diatomic gas has really earned its nefarious reputation. An in depth analysis of the roles for CO in circadian rhythms and as a gasotransmitter will be provided in the neurological functional role section, followed by its vascular effects derived mainly from interactions with soluble guanylyl cyclase. We will then describe the evidence for CO's protective roles through the MAPK pathway, and finally touch upon the potential therapeutic roles for CO in neurological diseases including ischemic stroke, multiple sclerosis, and neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A Hanafy
- Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Transplant Institute, Center for Life Sciences, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Hanafy KA. The role of microglia and the TLR4 pathway in neuronal apoptosis and vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neuroinflammation 2013; 10:83. [PMID: 23849248 PMCID: PMC3750560 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-10-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although microglia and the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway have long been thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), thus far only correlations have been made. In this study, we attempted to solidify the relationship between microglia and the TLR pathway using depletion and genetic knockouts, respectively. METHODS Subarachnoid hemorrhage was induced in TLR4-/-, TRIF-/-, MyD88-/- and wild type C57BL/6 mice by injecting 60 μl of autologous blood near the mesencephalon; animals were euthanized 1 to 15 days after SAH for immunohistochemical analysis to detect microglia or apoptotic cells. Lastly, microglial depletion was performed by intracerebroventricular injection of clodronate liposomes. RESULTS On post operative day (POD) 7 (early phase SAH), neuronal apoptosis was largely TLR4-MyD88-dependent and microglial-dependent. By POD 15 (late phase SAH), neuronal apoptosis was characterized by TLR4- toll receptor associated activator of interferon (TRIF)-dependence and microglial-independence. Similarly, vasospasm was also characterized by an early and late phase with MyD88 and TRIF dependence, respectively. Lastly, microglia seem to be both necessary and sufficient to cause vasospasm in both the early and late phases of SAH in our model. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that SAH pathology could have different phases. These results could explain why therapies tailored to aSAH patients have failed for the most part. Perhaps a novel strategy utilizing immunotherapies that target Toll like receptor signaling and microglia at different points in the patient's hospital course could improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A Hanafy
- Division of NeuroCritical Care, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, The Center for Life Science, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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27
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Carbon monoxide: Mechanisms of action and potential clinical implications. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 137:133-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Peers C. Modulation of ion channels and transporters by carbon monoxide: causes for concern? Front Physiol 2012; 3:477. [PMID: 23267333 PMCID: PMC3526770 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Peers
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of LeedsClarendon Way, Leeds, UK
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