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Cydzik-Kwiatkowska A, Bernat K, Zielińska M, Gusiatin MZ, Wojnowska-Baryła I, Kulikowska D. Valorization of full-scale waste aerobic granular sludge for biogas production and the characteristics of the digestate. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135167. [PMID: 35653865 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the dynamic development of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology in wastewater treatment, there is limited data on how the different properties of AGS and activated sludge (AS) translate into differences in waste sludge management. Waste sludge generated in both AGS and AS technology is the biggest waste stream generated in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This study aimed to assess biogas production from waste AGS from a full-scale system. Additionally, the properties of the digestate were investigated in terms of its management in line with the assumptions of a circular economy. Both aspects are important because the characteristics of AGS differ from those of AS. Its dense, extracellular-polymer-rich granule structure makes the susceptibility of AGS to anaerobic stabilization lower than that of AS. Given the advantages of AGS for sustainable wastewater treatment and its increasing popularity, waste AGS management will pose a serious challenge for WWTP operators. Therefore, AGS from a full-scale municipal WWTP was valorized for biogas production by increasing the accessibility of the organics in the sludge by homogenization or ultrasound pretreatment. Ultrasound pretreatment released about an order of magnitude more organics from the biomass than homogenization and significantly improved the production of methane-rich biogas (455 L/kg VS, about 66% of CH4). The digestion time of pretreated AGS was reduced by 25% in comparison with that of untreated AGS making anaerobic digestion of AGS a feasible solution for sludge management. The AGS digestate was rich in Ca (77.0 g/kg TS), Mg (10.9 g/kg TS), N (35.1 g/kg TS) and P (32.4 g/kg TS), whereas its heavy metal levels and biochemical methane potential were low. AGS digestate is not only environmentally safe, but it can serve as a rich source of organics and elements essential for soil fertility and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Cydzik-Kwiatkowska
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Geoengineering, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Sloneczna 45G, 10-709, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bernat
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Geoengineering, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Sloneczna 45G, 10-709, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Zielińska
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Geoengineering, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Sloneczna 45G, 10-709, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Mariusz Zygmunt Gusiatin
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Geoengineering, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Sloneczna 45G, 10-709, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Irena Wojnowska-Baryła
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Geoengineering, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Sloneczna 45G, 10-709, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dorota Kulikowska
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Geoengineering, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Sloneczna 45G, 10-709, Olsztyn, Poland
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Ansari AA, Ansari AA, Abouhend AS, Gikonyo JG, Park C. Photogranulation in a Hydrostatic Environment Occurs with Limitation of Iron. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:10672-10683. [PMID: 34255495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Filamentous cyanobacteria are an essential element of oxygenic photogranules for granule-based wastewater treatment with photosynthetic aeration. Currently, mechanisms for the selection of this microbial group and their development in the granular structure are not well understood. Here, we studied the characteristics and fate of iron in photogranulation that proceeds in a hydrostatic environment with an activated sludge (AS) inoculum. We found that the level of Fe in bulk liquids (FeBL) sharply increased due to the decay of the inoculum but quickly diminished along with the bloom of microalgae and the advent of the oxic environment. Iron linked with extracellular polymeric substances (FeEPS) continued to decline but reached steady low values, which occurred along with the appearance of granular structure. Strong negative correlations were found between FeEPS and the pigments specific for cyanobacteria. Spectroscopies revealed the presence of amorphous ferric oxides in pellet biomass, which seemed to remain unaltered during the photogranulation process. These results suggest that the availability of FeEPS in AS inoculums-after algal bloom-selects cyanobacteria, and the limitation of this Fe pool becomes an important driver for cyanobacteria to granulate in a hydrostatic environment. We therefore propose that the availability of iron has a strong influence on the photogranulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeera A Ansari
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- U.S.-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12 Sector, 44000 Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Arfa A Ansari
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Ahmed S Abouhend
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Joseph G Gikonyo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Chul Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Performance and Fouling in Pre-Denitrification Membrane Bioreactors Treating High-Strength Wastewater from Food Waste Disposers. WATER 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/w9070512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wei W, Zhou X, Wang D, Sun J, Wang Q. Free ammonia pre-treatment of secondary sludge significantly increases anaerobic methane production. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 118:12-19. [PMID: 28411529 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Energy recovery in the form of methane from sludge/wastewater is restricted by the poor and slow biodegradability of secondary sludge. An innovative pre-treatment technology using free ammonia (FA, i.e. NH3) was proposed in this study to increase anaerobic methane production. The solubilisation of secondary sludge was significantly increased after FA pre-treatment at up to 680 mg NH3-N/L for 1 day, under which the solubilisation (i.e. 0.4 mg SCOD/mg VS; SCOD: soluble chemical oxygen demand; VS: volatile solids) was >10 times higher than that without FA pre-treatment (i.e. 0.03 mg SCOD/mg VS). Biochemical methane potential assays showed that FA pre-treatment at above 250 mg NH3-N/L is effective in improving anaerobic methane production. The highest improvement in biochemical methane potential (B0) and hydrolysis rate (k) was achieved at FA concentrations of 420-680 mg NH3-N/L, and was determined as approximately 22% (from 160 to 195 L CH4/kg VS added) and 140% (from 0.22 to 0.53 d-1) compared to the secondary sludge without pre-treatment. More analysis revealed that the FA induced improvement in B0 and k could be attributed to the rapidly biodegradable substances rather than the slowly biodegradable substances. Economic and environmental analyses showed that the FA-based technology is economically favourable and environmentally friendly. Since this FA technology aims to use the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) waste (i.e. anaerobic digestion liquor) to enhance methane production from the WWTPs, it will set an example for the paradigm shift of the WWTPs from 'linear economy' to 'circular economy'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia; School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Dongbo Wang
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilin Wang
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia; Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD, 4111, Australia.
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Wang DZ, Kong LF, Li YY, Xie ZX. Environmental Microbial Community Proteomics: Status, Challenges and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1275. [PMID: 27527164 PMCID: PMC5000673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial community proteomics, also termed metaproteomics, is an emerging field within the area of microbiology, which studies the entire protein complement recovered directly from a complex environmental microbial community at a given point in time. Although it is still in its infancy, microbial community proteomics has shown its powerful potential in exploring microbial diversity, metabolic potential, ecological function and microbe-environment interactions. In this paper, we review recent advances achieved in microbial community proteomics conducted in diverse environments, such as marine and freshwater, sediment and soil, activated sludge, acid mine drainage biofilms and symbiotic communities. The challenges facing microbial community proteomics are also discussed, and we believe that microbial community proteomics will greatly enhance our understanding of the microbial world and its interactions with the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Zhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Ling-Fen Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Zhang-Xian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Tian X, Trzcinski AP, Lin LL, Ng WJ. Impact of ozone assisted ultrasonication pre-treatment on anaerobic digestibility of sewage sludge. J Environ Sci (China) 2015; 33:29-38. [PMID: 26141875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Impact of ultrasonication (ULS) and ultrasonication-ozonation (ULS-Ozone) pre-treatment on the anaerobic digestibility of sewage sludge was investigated with semi-continuous anaerobic reactors at solid retention time (SRT) of 10 and 20 days. The control, ULS and ULS-Ozone reactors produced 256, 309 and 348 mL biogas/g CODfed and the volatile solid (VS) removals were 35.6%, 38.3% and 42.1%, respectively at SRT of 10 days. At SRT of 20 days, the biogas yields reached 313, 337 and 393 mL biogas/g CODfed and the VS removal rates were 37.3%, 40.9% and 45.3% in the control, ULS and ULS-Ozone reactors, respectively. ULS-Ozone pre-treatment increased the residual organic amount in the digested sludge. These soluble residual organics were found to contain macromolecules with molecular weights (MW) larger than 500 kDa and smaller polymeric products with MW around 19.4 and 7.7 kDa. These compounds were further characterized to be humic acid-like substances with fluorescent spectroscopy analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Tian
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141 Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798 Singapore.
| | - Antoine Prandota Trzcinski
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141 Singapore
| | - Li Leonard Lin
- Public Utilities Board, Water Reclamation (Plants) Department, Singapore, 228231 Singapore
| | - Wun Jern Ng
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141 Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798 Singapore.
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Zhang T, Wang Q, Khan J, Yuan Z. Free nitrous acid breaks down extracellular polymeric substances in waste activated sludge. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06080j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical breakdown of EPS components by FNA has been proved to account for the improvement of sludge biodegradability in addition to enhanced cell lysis in FNA-based sludge treatment technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC)
- The University of Queensland
- Australia
| | - Qilin Wang
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC)
- The University of Queensland
- Australia
| | - Javaid Khan
- Australian National Fabrication Facility-Queensland Node (ANFF-Q)
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)
- The University of Queensland
- Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC)
- The University of Queensland
- Australia
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Siggins A, Gunnigle E, Abram F. Exploring mixed microbial community functioning: recent advances in metaproteomics. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2012; 80:265-80. [PMID: 22225547 PMCID: PMC3491685 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
System approaches to elucidate ecosystem functioning constitute an emerging area of research within microbial ecology. Such approaches aim at investigating all levels of biological information (DNA, RNA, proteins and metabolites) to capture the functional interactions occurring in a given ecosystem and track down characteristics that could not be accessed by the study of isolated components. In this context, the study of the proteins collectively expressed by all the microorganisms present within an ecosystem (metaproteomics) is not only crucial but can also provide insights into microbial functionality. Overall, the success of metaproteomics is closely linked to metagenomics, and with the exponential increase in the availability of metagenome sequences, this field of research is starting to experience generation of an overwhelming amount of data, which requires systematic analysis. Metaproteomics has been employed in very diverse environments, and this review discusses the recent advances achieved in the context of human biology, soil, marine and freshwater environments as well as natural and bioengineered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Siggins
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Ryan Institute, National University of IrelandGalway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Eoin Gunnigle
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Ryan Institute, National University of IrelandGalway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Florence Abram
- Functional Environmental Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, National University of IrelandGalway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland
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Chon DH, Rome M, Kim YM, Park KY, Park C. Investigation of the sludge reduction mechanism in the anaerobic side-stream reactor process using several control biological wastewater treatment processes. WATER RESEARCH 2011; 45:6021-6029. [PMID: 21937073 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the mechanism of sludge reduction in the anaerobic side-stream reactor (SSR) process, activated sludge with five different sludge reduction schemes were studied side-by-side in the laboratory. These are activated sludge with: 1) aerobic SSR, 2) anaerobic SSR, 3) aerobic digester, 4) anaerobic digester, and 5) no sludge wastage. The system with anaerobic SSR (system #2) was the focus of this study and four other systems served as control processes with different functions and purposes. Both mathematical and experimental approaches were made to determine solids retention time (SRT) and sludge yield for the anaerobic SSR process. The results showed that the anaerobic SSR process produced the lowest solids generation, indicating that sludge organic fractions degraded in this system are larger than other systems that possess only aerobic or anaerobic mode. Among three systems that involved long SRT (system #1, #2, and #5), it was only system #2 that showed stable sludge settling and effluent quality, indicating that efficient sludge reduction in this process occurred along with continuous generation of normal sludge flocs. This observation was further supported by batch anaerobic and aerobic digestion data. Batch digestion on sludges collected after 109 days of operation clearly demonstrated that both anaerobically and aerobically digestible materials were removed in activated sludge with anaerobic SSR. In contrast, sludge reduction in the aerobic SSR process or no wastage system was achieved by removal of mainly aerobically digestible materials. All these results led us to conclude that repeating sludge under both feast/fasting and anaerobic/aerobic conditions (i.e., activated sludge with anaerobic SSR) is necessary to achieve the highest biological solids reduction with normal wastewater treatment performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyun Chon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Schneider T, Riedel K. Environmental proteomics: analysis of structure and function of microbial communities. Proteomics 2010; 10:785-98. [PMID: 19953545 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms make a vital contribution to biogeochemical cycles by decomposing virtually all natural compounds and thereby exert a lasting effect on biosphere and climate. The rapidly growing number of metagenomic sequences together with revolutionary advances in bioinformatics and protein analyses have opened completely new horizons to investigate the molecular basis of such complex processes. Proteomics has contributed substantially to our understanding of individual organisms at the cellular level as it offers excellent possibilities to probe many protein functions and responses simultaneously. However, it has not yet been widely applied in microbial ecology, although most proteins have an intrinsic metabolic function which can be used to relate microbial activities to the identity of defined organisms in multispecies communities. Albeit still in its infancy, environmental proteomics enables simple protein cataloging, comparative and semi-quantitative proteomics, analyses of protein localization, discovery of post-translational modifications, and even determination of amino-acid sequences and genotypes by strain-resolved proteogenomics. This review traces the historical development of environmental proteomics and summarizes milestone publications in the field. In conclusion, we briefly discuss current limitations of microbial community proteomics but also the potential of emerging technologies to shape the future of metaproteome analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schneider
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Westgate PJ, Park C. Evaluation of proteins and organic nitrogen in wastewater treatment effluents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:5352-5357. [PMID: 20557127 DOI: 10.1021/es100244s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Proteins represent a large portion of organic nitrogen and carbon in wastewater treatment effluents, but their detailed characteristics and their role and fate in receiving waters are virtually unknown. We used two protein fractionation techniques to characterize effluent proteins and proteolytic enzymes in three activated sludge plants, as a first step to elucidate the fate and role of proteins in receiving water environments. The quantitative data first showed that the protein concentration in primary and secondary effluents was significantly correlated with organic nitrogen and could comprise up to 60% of effluent organic nitrogen. Protein separation results showed that some proteins persisted through secondary treatment, while others were produced during biological treatment. Despite a high similarity of protein and enzyme profiles in primary effluent across three facilities, those in secondary effluent were consistently different, suggesting that effluent proteins could serve as markers of different wastewater treatment works. These profile fingerprints can be used to track effluent proteins in laboratory bioassays, or directly in receiving waters, and may permit the determination of the fate of effluent proteins, and thus a significant fraction of effluent organic nitrogen, in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J Westgate
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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Park C, Novak JT. Characterization of lectins and bacterial adhesins in activated sludge flocs. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2009; 81:755-764. [PMID: 19774852 DOI: 10.2175/106143008x370421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that are involved in bacterial adhesion and aggregation. To investigate whether lectins are involved in floc formation of activated sludge, hemaaggultination (HA) and HA inhibition assays were conducted on extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from activated sludges. Six sludges from both full-scale and synthetic chemical-fed laboratory activated sludge systems were subjected to EPS extraction and lectin assay. Activated sludge EPS resulted in strong agglutination with trypsin-treated human red blood cells. While simple monosaccharides failed to exhibit inhibition of agglutination, several glycoproteins clearly reversed agglutination, indicating that glycoprotein (oligosaccharide)-specific lectins are present in activated sludge. This inhibitory pattern was the same for both the field and laboratory-grown activated sludges, indicating that these lectins are indigenously generated by activated sludge microorganisms. The major lectin activities were found to be present in a hydrophobic region of EPS. The activities remained unaffected after heat and urea treatment of EPS, but were significantly reduced by the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) treatment. These results share similar properties with previously studied pure culture bacterial lectins and support the conclusion that lectin-mediated bacterial aggregation is one of the mechanisms responsible for activated sludge bioflocculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.
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