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Turvey S, Muench SP, Issad T, Fishwick CWG, Kearney MT, Simmons KJ. Using site-directed mutagenesis to further the understanding of insulin receptor-insulin like growth factor-1 receptor heterodimer structure. Growth Horm IGF Res 2024; 77:101607. [PMID: 39033666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2024.101607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is characterised by the disruption of insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling. The key hubs of these signalling cascades - the Insulin receptor (IR) and Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) - are known to form functional IR-IGF1R hybrid receptors which are insulin resistant. However, the mechanisms underpinning IR-IGF1R hybrid formation are not fully understood, hindering the ability to modulate this for future therapies targeting this receptor. To pinpoint suitable sites for intervention, computational hotspot prediction was utilised to identify promising epitopes for targeting with point mutagenesis. Specific IGF1R point mutations F450A, R391A and D555A show reduced affinity of the hybrid receptor in a BRET based donor-saturation assay, confirming hybrid formation could be modulated at this interface. These data provide the basis for rational design of more effective hybrid receptor modulators, supporting the prospect of identifying a small molecule that specifically interacts with this target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Turvey
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Stephen P Muench
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences & Astbury Centre, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Tarik Issad
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | | | - Mark T Kearney
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Katie J Simmons
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences & Astbury Centre, University of Leeds, UK.
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2
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Dou B, Zhu Y, Sun M, Wang L, Tang Y, Tian S, Wang F. Mechanisms of Flavonoids and Their Derivatives in Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by Oxidative Stress in Diabetes. Molecules 2024; 29:3265. [PMID: 39064844 PMCID: PMC11279171 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic complications pose a significant threat to life and have a negative impact on quality of life in individuals with diabetes. Among the various factors contributing to the development of these complications, endothelial dysfunction plays a key role. The main mechanism underlying endothelial dysfunction in diabetes is oxidative stress, which adversely affects the production and availability of nitric oxide (NO). Flavonoids, a group of phenolic compounds found in vegetables, fruits, and fungi, exhibit strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Several studies have provided evidence to suggest that flavonoids have a protective effect on diabetic complications. This review focuses on the imbalance between reactive oxygen species and the antioxidant system, as well as the changes in endothelial factors in diabetes. Furthermore, we summarize the protective mechanisms of flavonoids and their derivatives on endothelial dysfunction in diabetes by alleviating oxidative stress and modulating other signaling pathways. Although several studies underline the positive influence of flavonoids and their derivatives on endothelial dysfunction induced by oxidative stress in diabetes, numerous aspects still require clarification, such as optimal consumption levels, bioavailability, and side effects. Consequently, further investigations are necessary to enhance our understanding of the therapeutic potential of flavonoids and their derivatives in the treatment of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Furong Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250300, China
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3
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Shi X, Li P, Herb M, Liu H, Wang M, Wang X, Feng Y, van Beers T, Xia N, Li H, Prokosch V. Pathological high intraocular pressure induces glial cell reactive proliferation contributing to neuroinflammation of the blood-retinal barrier via the NOX2/ET-1 axis-controlled ERK1/2 pathway. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:105. [PMID: 38649885 PMCID: PMC11034147 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NADPH oxidase (NOX), a primary source of endothelial reactive oxygen species (ROS), is considered a key event in disrupting the integrity of the blood-retinal barrier. Abnormalities in neurovascular-coupled immune signaling herald the loss of ganglion cells in glaucoma. Persistent microglia-driven inflammation and cellular innate immune system dysregulation often lead to deteriorating retinal degeneration. However, the crosstalk between NOX and the retinal immune environment remains unresolved. Here, we investigate the interaction between oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in glaucoma by genetic defects of NOX2 or its regulation via gp91ds-tat. METHODS Ex vivo cultures of retinal explants from wildtype C57BL/6J and Nox2 -/- mice were subjected to normal and high hydrostatic pressure (Pressure 60 mmHg) for 24 h. In vivo, high intraocular pressure (H-IOP) was induced in C57BL/6J mice for two weeks. Both Pressure 60 mmHg retinas and H-IOP mice were treated with either gp91ds-tat (a NOX2-specific inhibitor). Proteomic analysis was performed on control, H-IOP, and treatment with gp91ds-tat retinas to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). The study also evaluated various glaucoma phenotypes, including IOP, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) functionality, and optic nerve (ON) degeneration. The superoxide (O2-) levels assay, blood-retinal barrier degradation, gliosis, neuroinflammation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blotting, and quantitative PCR were performed in this study. RESULTS We found that NOX2-specific deletion or activity inhibition effectively attenuated retinal oxidative stress, immune dysregulation, the internal blood-retinal barrier (iBRB) injury, neurovascular unit (NVU) dysfunction, RGC loss, and ON axonal degeneration following H-IOP. Mechanistically, we unveiled for the first time that NOX2-dependent ROS-driven pro-inflammatory signaling, where NOX2/ROS induces endothelium-derived endothelin-1 (ET-1) overexpression, which activates the ERK1/2 signaling pathway and mediates the shift of microglia activation to a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype, thereby triggering a neuroinflammatory outburst. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, we demonstrate for the first time that NOX2 deletion or gp91ds-tat inhibition attenuates iBRB injury and NVU dysfunction to rescue glaucomatous RGC loss and ON axon degeneration, which is associated with inhibition of the ET-1/ERK1/2-transduced shift of microglial cell activation toward a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype, highlighting NOX2 as a potential target for novel neuroprotective therapies in glaucoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Panpan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marc Herb
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Goldenfelsstr. 19-21, 50935, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Hanhan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maoren Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, P. R. China
| | - Xiaosha Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yuan Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tim van Beers
- Institut I für Anatomie, Universitätsklinikum Köln (AöR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Ning Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Verena Prokosch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
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4
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Mamelak M. The Alzheimer's Disease Brain, Its Microvasculature, and NADPH Oxidase. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:S109-S118. [PMID: 37599534 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The deterioration of the brain's microvasculature, particularly in the hippocampus, appears to be a very early event in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), preceding even the deposition of amyloid-β. A damaged microvasculature reduces the supply of oxygen and glucose to this region and limits the production of energy, ATP. The damage may be a function of the rise with age in the expression and activity of NADPH oxidase (NOX) in these microvessels. This rise renders these vessels vulnerable to the effects of oxidative stress and inflammation. The rise in NOX activity with age is even more marked in the AD brain where an inverse correlation has been demonstrated between NOX activity and cognitive ability. Apocynin, a putative NOX inhibitor, has been shown to block the damaging effects of NOX activation. Apocynin acts as a strong scavenger of H2O2, and as a weak scavenger of superoxide. Like apocynin, sodium oxybate (SO) has also been shown to block the toxic effects of NOX activation. The application of SO generates NADPH and ATP. SO inhibits oxidative stress and maintains normal cerebral ATP levels under hypoxic conditions. Moreover, it acts epigenetically to attenuate the expression of NOX. SO may delay the onset and slow the progress of AD by suppling energy and maintaining an antioxidative environment in the brain throughout the night. The slow wave activity produced by SO may also activate the glymphatic system and promote the clearance of amyloid-β from the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mortimer Mamelak
- Department of Psychiatry, Baycrest Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Qiu H, Ni C, Jia C, Rong X, Chu M, Wu R, Han B. CircRNA7632 down-regulation alleviates endothelial cell dysfunction in Kawasaki disease via regulating IL-33 expression. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:363-374. [PMID: 37166618 PMCID: PMC10352195 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01333-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a form of idiopathic vasculitis frequently accompanied by coronary artery lesions, which involves endothelial dysfunction. Recent studies have demonstrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are implicated in many cardiovascular diseases. However, few studies have examined the role of circRNAs on endothelial dysfunction in KD. In this study, we investigated the role of circ7632 on endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) in KD and then explored the underlying mechanism. Children diagnosed with KD and age-matched healthy controls (HC) were included. Sera samples were collected. Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were obtained and incubated with 15% HC and KD serum for 48 h. The mRNA and protein expression of mesenchymal markers vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and endothelial marker zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in HUVECs transfected with plasmid-circ7632 and si-circ7632 were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. CCK8, scratch test, and migration test were performed to examine the effect of circ7632 on the cell proliferation and migration. The circ7632 level was higher in HUVECs treated by KD serum than in HUVECs treated with HC serum. Overexpression of circ7632 significantly increased vimentin and α-SMA expression, decreased ZO-1 expression, and also decreased cell proliferation. Down-regulation of circ7632 expression got the opposite results. RNA-seq analysis, and confirmatory experiment displayed that down-regulation of circ7632 decreased IL-33 expression, and IL-33 silencing mitigated KD serum-mediated EndoMT. Our study revealed that circ7632 level was elevated in KD serum-treated HUVECs. Circ7632 down-regulation could alleviate EndoMT likely through decreasing IL-33 expression. The circ7632 may become a potential therapeutic target for KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixian Qiu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Chao Ni
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Chang Jia
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Xing Rong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Maoping Chu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Rongzhou Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Bo Han
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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6
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Singh PK, Saadi A, Sheeni Y, Shekh-Ahmad T. Specific inhibition of NADPH oxidase 2 modifies chronic epilepsy. Redox Biol 2022; 58:102549. [PMID: 36459714 PMCID: PMC9712695 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work by us and others has implicated NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzymes as main producers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) following a brain insult such as status epilepticus, contributing to neuronal damage and development of epilepsy. Although several NOX isoforms have been examined in the context of epilepsy, most attention has focused on NOX2. In this present study, we demonstrate the effect of gp91ds-tat, a specific competitive inhibitor of NOX2, in in vitro epileptiform activity model as well as in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) model in rats. We showed that in in vitro seizure model, gp91ds-tat modulated Ca2+ oscillation, prevented epileptiform activity-induced ROS generation, mitochondrial depolarization, and neuronal death. Administration of gp91ds-tat 1 h after kainic acid-induced status epilepticus significantly decreased the expression of NOX2, as well as the overall NOX activity in the cortex and the hippocampus. Finally, we showed that upon continuous intracerebroventricular administration to epileptic rats, gp91ds-tat significantly reduced the seizure frequency and the total number of seizures post-treatment compared to the scrambled peptide-treated animals. The results of the study suggest that NOX2 may have an important effect on modulation of epileptiform activity and has a critical role in mediating seizure-induced NOX activation, ROS generation and oxidative stress in the brain, and thus significantly contributes to development of epilepsy following a brain insult.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tawfeeq Shekh-Ahmad
- Corresponding author. The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
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7
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Williamson G. Effects of Polyphenols on Glucose-Induced Metabolic Changes in Healthy Human Subjects and on Glucose Transporters. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2101113. [PMID: 35315210 PMCID: PMC9788283 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202101113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dietary polyphenols interact with glucose transporters in the small intestine and modulate glucose uptake after food or beverage consumption. This review assesses the transporter interaction in vitro and how this translates to an effect in healthy volunteers consuming glucose. As examples, the apple polyphenol phlorizin inhibits sodium-glucose linked transporter-1; in the intestinal lumen, it is converted to phloretin, a strong inhibitor of glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2), by the brush border digestive enzyme lactase. Consequently, an apple extract rich in phlorizin attenuates blood glucose and insulin in healthy volunteers after a glucose challenge. On the other hand, the olive phenolic, oleuropein, inhibits GLUT2, but the strength of the inhibition is not enough to modulate blood glucose after a glucose challenge in healthy volunteers. Multiple metabolic effects and oxidative stresses after glucose consumption include insulin, incretin hormones, fatty acids, amino acids, and protein markers. However, apart from acute postprandial effects on glucose, insulin, and some incretin hormones, very little is known about the acute effects of polyphenols on these glucose-induced secondary effects. In summary, attenuation of the effect of a glucose challenge in vivo is only observed when polyphenols are strong inhibitors of glucose transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health SciencesMonash UniversityBASE Facility, 264 Ferntree Gully RoadNotting HillVIC 3168Australia
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8
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Rousseau M, Denhez B, Spino C, Lizotte F, Guay A, Côté AM, Burger D, Geraldes P. Reduction of DUSP4 contributes to podocytes oxidative stress, insulin resistance and diabetic nephropathy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 624:127-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Sylvester AL, Zhang DX, Ran S, Zinkevich NS. Inhibiting NADPH Oxidases to Target Vascular and Other Pathologies: An Update on Recent Experimental and Clinical Studies. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060823. [PMID: 35740948 PMCID: PMC9221095 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be beneficial or harmful in health and disease. While low levels of ROS serve as signaling molecules to regulate vascular tone and the growth and proliferation of endothelial cells, elevated levels of ROS contribute to numerous pathologies, such as endothelial dysfunctions, colon cancer, and fibrosis. ROS and their cellular sources have been extensively studied as potential targets for clinical intervention. Whereas various ROS sources are important for different pathologies, four NADPH oxidases (NOX1, NOX2, NOX4, and NOX5) play a prominent role in homeostasis and disease. NOX1-generated ROS have been implicated in hypertension, suggesting that inhibition of NOX1 may be a promising therapeutic approach. NOX2 and NOX4 oxidases are of specific interest due to their role in producing extra- and intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). NOX4-released hydrogen peroxide activates NOX2, which in turn stimulates the release of mitochondrial ROS resulting in ROS-induced ROS release (RIRR) signaling. Increased ROS production from NOX5 contributes to atherosclerosis. This review aims to summarize recent findings on NOX enzymes and clinical trials inhibiting NADPH oxidases to target pathologies including diabetes, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L. Sylvester
- Department of Biology, University of Illinois at Springfield, Springfield, IL 62703, USA; or
| | - David X. Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
| | - Sophia Ran
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA;
| | - Natalya S. Zinkevich
- Department of Biology, University of Illinois at Springfield, Springfield, IL 62703, USA; or
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(217)-206-8367
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10
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Turvey SJ, McPhillie MJ, Kearney MT, Muench SP, Simmons KJ, Fishwick CWG. Recent developments in the structural characterisation of the IR and IGF1R: implications for the design of IR-IGF1R hybrid receptor modulators. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:360-374. [PMID: 35647546 PMCID: PMC9020618 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00300c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin receptor (IR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) are dimeric disulfide-linked receptor tyrosine kinases, whose actions regulate metabolic and mitogenic signalling pathways inside the cell. It is well documented that in tissues co-expressing the IR and IGF1R, their respective monomers can heterodimerise to form IR-IGF1R hybrid receptors. Increased populations of the IR-IGF1R hybrid receptors are associated with several disease states, including type 2 diabetes and cancer. Recently, progress in the structural biology of IR and IGF1R has given insights into their structure-function relationships and mechanism of action. However, challenges in isolating IR-IGF1R hybrid receptors mean that their structural properties remain relatively unexplored. This review discusses the advances in the structural understanding of the IR and IGF1R, and how these discoveries can inform the design of small-molecule modulators of the IR-IGF1R hybrid receptors to understand their role in cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Turvey
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds UK
| | | | - Mark T Kearney
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds UK
| | - Stephen P Muench
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences & Astbury Centre, University of Leeds UK
| | - Katie J Simmons
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds UK
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11
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de Oliveira AA, Mendoza VO, Rastogi S, Nunes KP. New insights into the role and therapeutic potential of HSP70 in diabetes. Pharmacol Res 2022; 178:106173. [PMID: 35278625 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that HSP70 represents a key mechanism in the pathophysiology of β-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, and various diabetic complications, including micro- and macro-vascular alterations, as well as impaired hemostasis. Hyperglycemia, a hallmark of both types of diabetes, increases the circulating levels of HSP70 (eHSP70), but there is still divergence about whether diabetes up- or down-regulates the intracellular fraction of this protein (iHSP70). Here, we consider that iHSP70 levels reduce in diabetic arterial structures and that the vascular system is in direct contact with all other systems in the body suggesting that a systemic response might also be happening for iHSP70, which is characterized by decreased levels of HSP70 in the vasculature. Furthermore, although many pathways have been proposed to explain HSP70's functions in diabetes, and organs/tissues/cells-specific variations occur, the membrane-bound receptor of the innate immune system, Toll-like receptor 4, and its downstream signal transduction pathways appear to be a constant, not only when we explore the actions of eHSP70, but also when we assess the contributions of iHSP70. In this review, we focus on discussing the multiple roles of HSP70 across organs/tissues/cells affected by hyperglycemia to further explore the possibility of targeting this protein with pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches in the context of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Almeida de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, United States
| | - Valentina Ochoa Mendoza
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, United States
| | - Swasti Rastogi
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, United States
| | - Kenia Pedrosa Nunes
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, United States.
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12
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Topiramate treatment in Wistar rats during childhood induces sex-specific vascular dysfunction in adulthood. Life Sci 2022; 288:120189. [PMID: 34863798 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study determined whether treatment during childhood with topiramate (TPM), a new generation antiepileptic drug, results in altered aortic reactivity in adult male and female rats. We also sought to understand the role of endothelium-derived contractile factors in TPM-induced vascular dysfunction. Male and female Wistar rats were treated with TPM (41 mg/kg/day) or water (TPM vehicle) by gavage during childhood (postnatal day, 16-28). In adulthood, thoracic aorta reactivity to phenylephrine (phenyl), as well as aortic thickness and expression of cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2), NOX2, and p47phox were evaluated. The aortic response to phenyl was increased in male and female rats from the TPM group when compared with the control group. In TPM male rats, the hyperreactivity to phenyl was abrogated by the inhibition of NADPH oxidase and COX-2, while in female rats, responses were restored only by inhibition of COX-2. In addition, TPM male rats presented aortic hypertrophy and increased expression of NOX-2 and p47phox, while TPM female rats showed increased COX-2 aortic expression. Taken together, for the first-time, the present study provides evidence that treatment with TPM during childhood causes vascular dysfunction in adulthood, and that the mechanism underlying the vascular effects of TPM is sex-specific.
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13
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Choi RH, Tatum SM, Symons JD, Summers SA, Holland WL. Ceramides and other sphingolipids as drivers of cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2021; 18:701-711. [PMID: 33772258 PMCID: PMC8978615 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-021-00536-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Increases in calorie consumption and sedentary lifestyles are fuelling a global pandemic of cardiometabolic diseases, including coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, cardiomyopathy and heart failure. These lifestyle factors, when combined with genetic predispositions, increase the levels of circulating lipids, which can accumulate in non-adipose tissues, including blood vessel walls and the heart. The metabolism of these lipids produces bioactive intermediates that disrupt cellular function and survival. A compelling body of evidence suggests that sphingolipids, such as ceramides, account for much of the tissue damage in these cardiometabolic diseases. In humans, serum ceramide levels are proving to be accurate biomarkers of adverse cardiovascular disease outcomes. In mice and rats, pharmacological inhibition or depletion of enzymes driving de novo ceramide synthesis prevents the development of diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension and heart failure. In cultured cells and isolated tissues, ceramides perturb mitochondrial function, block fuel usage, disrupt vasodilatation and promote apoptosis. In this Review, we discuss the body of literature suggesting that ceramides are drivers - and not merely passengers - on the road to cardiovascular disease. Moreover, we explore the feasibility of therapeutic strategies to lower ceramide levels to improve cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Hee Choi
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sean M Tatum
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - J David Symons
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Scott A Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - William L Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Viswambharan H, Yuldasheva NY, Imrie H, Bridge K, Haywood NJ, Skromna A, Hemmings KE, Clark ER, Gatenby VK, Cordell P, Simmons KJ, Makava N, Abudushalamu Y, Endesh N, Brown J, Walker AMN, Futers ST, Porter KE, Cubbon RM, Naseem K, Shah AM, Beech DJ, Wheatcroft SB, Kearney MT, Sukumar P. Novel Paracrine Action of Endothelium Enhances Glucose Uptake in Muscle and Fat. Circ Res 2021; 129:720-734. [PMID: 34420367 PMCID: PMC8448413 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema Viswambharan
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (H.V., N.Y.Y., H.I., K.B., N.J.H., A.S., K.E.H., E.R.C., V.K.G., P.C., K.J.S., N.M., Y.A., N.E., J.B., A.M.N.W., S.T.F., K.E.P., R.M.C., K.N., D.J.B., S.B.W., M.T.K., P.S.)
| | - Nadira Y Yuldasheva
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (H.V., N.Y.Y., H.I., K.B., N.J.H., A.S., K.E.H., E.R.C., V.K.G., P.C., K.J.S., N.M., Y.A., N.E., J.B., A.M.N.W., S.T.F., K.E.P., R.M.C., K.N., D.J.B., S.B.W., M.T.K., P.S.)
| | - Helen Imrie
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (H.V., N.Y.Y., H.I., K.B., N.J.H., A.S., K.E.H., E.R.C., V.K.G., P.C., K.J.S., N.M., Y.A., N.E., J.B., A.M.N.W., S.T.F., K.E.P., R.M.C., K.N., D.J.B., S.B.W., M.T.K., P.S.)
| | - Katherine Bridge
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (H.V., N.Y.Y., H.I., K.B., N.J.H., A.S., K.E.H., E.R.C., V.K.G., P.C., K.J.S., N.M., Y.A., N.E., J.B., A.M.N.W., S.T.F., K.E.P., R.M.C., K.N., D.J.B., S.B.W., M.T.K., P.S.)
| | - Natalie J Haywood
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (H.V., N.Y.Y., H.I., K.B., N.J.H., A.S., K.E.H., E.R.C., V.K.G., P.C., K.J.S., N.M., Y.A., N.E., J.B., A.M.N.W., S.T.F., K.E.P., R.M.C., K.N., D.J.B., S.B.W., M.T.K., P.S.)
| | - Anna Skromna
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (H.V., N.Y.Y., H.I., K.B., N.J.H., A.S., K.E.H., E.R.C., V.K.G., P.C., K.J.S., N.M., Y.A., N.E., J.B., A.M.N.W., S.T.F., K.E.P., R.M.C., K.N., D.J.B., S.B.W., M.T.K., P.S.)
| | - Karen E Hemmings
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (H.V., N.Y.Y., H.I., K.B., N.J.H., A.S., K.E.H., E.R.C., V.K.G., P.C., K.J.S., N.M., Y.A., N.E., J.B., A.M.N.W., S.T.F., K.E.P., R.M.C., K.N., D.J.B., S.B.W., M.T.K., P.S.)
| | - Emily R Clark
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (H.V., N.Y.Y., H.I., K.B., N.J.H., A.S., K.E.H., E.R.C., V.K.G., P.C., K.J.S., N.M., Y.A., N.E., J.B., A.M.N.W., S.T.F., K.E.P., R.M.C., K.N., D.J.B., S.B.W., M.T.K., P.S.)
| | - V Kate Gatenby
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (H.V., N.Y.Y., H.I., K.B., N.J.H., A.S., K.E.H., E.R.C., V.K.G., P.C., K.J.S., N.M., Y.A., N.E., J.B., A.M.N.W., S.T.F., K.E.P., R.M.C., K.N., D.J.B., S.B.W., M.T.K., P.S.)
| | - Paul Cordell
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (H.V., N.Y.Y., H.I., K.B., N.J.H., A.S., K.E.H., E.R.C., V.K.G., P.C., K.J.S., N.M., Y.A., N.E., J.B., A.M.N.W., S.T.F., K.E.P., R.M.C., K.N., D.J.B., S.B.W., M.T.K., P.S.)
| | - Katie J Simmons
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (H.V., N.Y.Y., H.I., K.B., N.J.H., A.S., K.E.H., E.R.C., V.K.G., P.C., K.J.S., N.M., Y.A., N.E., J.B., A.M.N.W., S.T.F., K.E.P., R.M.C., K.N., D.J.B., S.B.W., M.T.K., P.S.)
| | - Natallia Makava
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (H.V., N.Y.Y., H.I., K.B., N.J.H., A.S., K.E.H., E.R.C., V.K.G., P.C., K.J.S., N.M., Y.A., N.E., J.B., A.M.N.W., S.T.F., K.E.P., R.M.C., K.N., D.J.B., S.B.W., M.T.K., P.S.)
| | - Yilizila Abudushalamu
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (H.V., N.Y.Y., H.I., K.B., N.J.H., A.S., K.E.H., E.R.C., V.K.G., P.C., K.J.S., N.M., Y.A., N.E., J.B., A.M.N.W., S.T.F., K.E.P., R.M.C., K.N., D.J.B., S.B.W., M.T.K., P.S.)
| | - Naima Endesh
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (H.V., N.Y.Y., H.I., K.B., N.J.H., A.S., K.E.H., E.R.C., V.K.G., P.C., K.J.S., N.M., Y.A., N.E., J.B., A.M.N.W., S.T.F., K.E.P., R.M.C., K.N., D.J.B., S.B.W., M.T.K., P.S.)
| | - Jane Brown
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (H.V., N.Y.Y., H.I., K.B., N.J.H., A.S., K.E.H., E.R.C., V.K.G., P.C., K.J.S., N.M., Y.A., N.E., J.B., A.M.N.W., S.T.F., K.E.P., R.M.C., K.N., D.J.B., S.B.W., M.T.K., P.S.)
| | - Andrew M N Walker
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (H.V., N.Y.Y., H.I., K.B., N.J.H., A.S., K.E.H., E.R.C., V.K.G., P.C., K.J.S., N.M., Y.A., N.E., J.B., A.M.N.W., S.T.F., K.E.P., R.M.C., K.N., D.J.B., S.B.W., M.T.K., P.S.)
| | - Simon T Futers
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (H.V., N.Y.Y., H.I., K.B., N.J.H., A.S., K.E.H., E.R.C., V.K.G., P.C., K.J.S., N.M., Y.A., N.E., J.B., A.M.N.W., S.T.F., K.E.P., R.M.C., K.N., D.J.B., S.B.W., M.T.K., P.S.)
| | - Karen E Porter
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (H.V., N.Y.Y., H.I., K.B., N.J.H., A.S., K.E.H., E.R.C., V.K.G., P.C., K.J.S., N.M., Y.A., N.E., J.B., A.M.N.W., S.T.F., K.E.P., R.M.C., K.N., D.J.B., S.B.W., M.T.K., P.S.)
| | - Richard M Cubbon
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (H.V., N.Y.Y., H.I., K.B., N.J.H., A.S., K.E.H., E.R.C., V.K.G., P.C., K.J.S., N.M., Y.A., N.E., J.B., A.M.N.W., S.T.F., K.E.P., R.M.C., K.N., D.J.B., S.B.W., M.T.K., P.S.)
| | - Khalid Naseem
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (H.V., N.Y.Y., H.I., K.B., N.J.H., A.S., K.E.H., E.R.C., V.K.G., P.C., K.J.S., N.M., Y.A., N.E., J.B., A.M.N.W., S.T.F., K.E.P., R.M.C., K.N., D.J.B., S.B.W., M.T.K., P.S.)
| | - Ajay M Shah
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London (A.M.S.)
| | - David J Beech
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (H.V., N.Y.Y., H.I., K.B., N.J.H., A.S., K.E.H., E.R.C., V.K.G., P.C., K.J.S., N.M., Y.A., N.E., J.B., A.M.N.W., S.T.F., K.E.P., R.M.C., K.N., D.J.B., S.B.W., M.T.K., P.S.)
| | - Stephen B Wheatcroft
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (H.V., N.Y.Y., H.I., K.B., N.J.H., A.S., K.E.H., E.R.C., V.K.G., P.C., K.J.S., N.M., Y.A., N.E., J.B., A.M.N.W., S.T.F., K.E.P., R.M.C., K.N., D.J.B., S.B.W., M.T.K., P.S.)
| | - Mark T Kearney
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (H.V., N.Y.Y., H.I., K.B., N.J.H., A.S., K.E.H., E.R.C., V.K.G., P.C., K.J.S., N.M., Y.A., N.E., J.B., A.M.N.W., S.T.F., K.E.P., R.M.C., K.N., D.J.B., S.B.W., M.T.K., P.S.)
| | - Piruthivi Sukumar
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (H.V., N.Y.Y., H.I., K.B., N.J.H., A.S., K.E.H., E.R.C., V.K.G., P.C., K.J.S., N.M., Y.A., N.E., J.B., A.M.N.W., S.T.F., K.E.P., R.M.C., K.N., D.J.B., S.B.W., M.T.K., P.S.)
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15
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Brown OI, Bridge KI, Kearney MT. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidases in Glucose Homeostasis and Diabetes-Related Endothelial Cell Dysfunction. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092315. [PMID: 34571964 PMCID: PMC8469180 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress within the vascular endothelium, due to excess generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is thought to be fundamental to the initiation and progression of the cardiovascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The term ROS encompasses a variety of chemical species including superoxide anion (O2•-), hydroxyl radical (OH-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). While constitutive generation of low concentrations of ROS are indispensable for normal cellular function, excess O2•- can result in irreversible tissue damage. Excess ROS generation is catalysed by xanthine oxidase, uncoupled nitric oxide synthases, the mitochondrial electron transport chain and the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases. Amongst enzymatic sources of O2•- the Nox2 isoform of NADPH oxidase is thought to be critical to the oxidative stress found in type 2 diabetes mellitus. In contrast, the transcriptionally regulated Nox4 isoform, which generates H2O2, may fulfil a protective role and contribute to normal glucose homeostasis. This review describes the key roles of Nox2 and Nox4, as well as Nox1 and Nox5, in glucose homeostasis, endothelial function and oxidative stress, with a key focus on how they are regulated in health, and dysregulated in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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16
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Jing Cao, Zhang G, Liu Z, Xu Q, Li C, Cheng G, Shi R. Peroxidasin promotes diabetic vascular endothelial dysfunction induced by advanced glycation end products via NOX2/HOCl/Akt/eNOS pathway. Redox Biol 2021; 45:102031. [PMID: 34116361 PMCID: PMC8192873 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from NADPH oxidases (NOX) plays an essential role in advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-induced diabetic vascular endothelial dysfunction. Peroxidasin (PXDN, VPO1) is one member of peroxidases family that catalyzes hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to hypochlorous acid (HOCl). This present study aimed to elucidate the role of PXDN in promoting vascular endothelial dysfunction induced by AGEs in diabetes mellitus. We found that, compared to non-diabetic (db/m) mice, PXDN expression was notably increased in db/db mice with impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation. Knockdown of PXDN in vivo through tail vein injection of siRNA restored the impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation function of db/db mice which is accompanied with up-regulation of eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation and NO production. AGEs significantly elevated expression of PXDN and 3-Cl-Tyr, but decreased phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS and NO release in HUVECs. All these effects induced by AGEs were remarkable alleviated by silencing PXDN with small interfering RNAs. In addition, HOCl treatment alone as well as HOCl added with Akt inhibitor MK2206 inhibited phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS, reducing NO production. More importantly,AGEs-induced up-regulation of PXDN and 3-Cl-Tyr with endothelial dysfunction were transformed by NOX2 silencing and H2O2 scavengers. Thus, these results support the conclusion that PXDN promotes AGEs-induced diabetic vascular endothelial dysfunction by attenuating eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177 via NOX2/HOCl/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410013, Changsha, China.
| | - Guogang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410013, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Zhaoya Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410013, Changsha, China.
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China.
| | - Chan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 41008, Changsha, China.
| | - Guangjie Cheng
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 35294, AL, USA.
| | - Ruizheng Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 41008, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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17
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Lee H, Jose PA. Coordinated Contribution of NADPH Oxidase- and Mitochondria-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species in Metabolic Syndrome and Its Implication in Renal Dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:670076. [PMID: 34017260 PMCID: PMC8129499 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.670076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a complex of interrelated risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes, is comprised of central obesity (increased waist circumference), hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia (high triglyceride blood levels, low high-density lipoprotein blood levels), and increased blood pressure. Oxidative stress, caused by the imbalance between pro-oxidant and endogenous antioxidant systems, is the primary pathological basis of MetS. The major sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with MetS are nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases and mitochondria. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the generation of ROS from NADPH oxidases and mitochondria, discuss the NADPH oxidase- and mitochondria-derived ROS signaling and pathophysiological effects, and the interplay between these two major sources of ROS, which leads to chronic inflammation, adipocyte proliferation, insulin resistance, and other metabolic abnormalities. The mechanisms linking MetS and chronic kidney disease are not well known. The role of NADPH oxidases and mitochondria in renal injury in the setting of MetS, particularly the influence of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in oxidative stress, inflammation, and subsequent renal injury, is highlighted. Understanding the molecular mechanism(s) underlying MetS may lead to novel therapeutic approaches by targeting the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in MetS and prevent its sequelae of chronic cardiovascular and renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewang Lee
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
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Dai S, Meng X, Cai X, Yuan C, Zhao Z, Zhong L, Shi Y, Yin F. Therapeutic effect of ursolic acid on fetal development in pregnant rats with gestational diabetes mellitus via AGEs-RAGE signaling pathway. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13651. [PMID: 33586798 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of ursolic acid on the fetal development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) caused by streptozotocin (STZ) and explore the potential mechanism for it. For the current experimental research, SD rats (pregnant animal) were used. STZ has been used to cause the diabetes mellitus in pregnant rats. Rats with evolved GDM were randomly divided and ursolic acid was given to pregnant rats in the experimental period up to 19 days in a dose-dependent manner. Blood samples and fetal rats of all group rats were collected at 19 days (pregnant rats), fetal rats and placental rats were weighted and the blood glucose, plasma insulin, C-peptide, and lipid parameters of pregnant women were estimated prior to delivery. Advanced serum glycation end-products (AGEs) were estimated at regular intervals in the heart and brain of pregnant rats. Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1), NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2), Role of advanced glycation end product (RAGE), Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), p65, and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) mRNA expression were estimated in the placenta. STZ-induced GDM pregnant rats showed significantly decreased placental weight and weight of fetal rats and dose-dependent ursolic acid treatment (p < .001) improved placental weight and weight of fetal rats at dose-dependent levels. After the ursolic acid treatment, serum blood glucose and lipid level were improved especially fasting blood glucose (FBG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), hepatic glycogen, fasting insulin (FINS), and serum insulin level and reached near to the normal control group rats. The antioxidant level of pancreas and liver were significantly (p < .001) reduced by the dose-dependent treatment of ursolic acid. Treatment with Ursolic acid moderately but not significantly decreases the risk of fetal development defects relative to the GDM group. The potential effect on fetal development in Pregnant Rats with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus via AGEs-RAGE signaling pathway was shown by Ursolic acid. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: As we know that the gestational diabetes mellitus increases worldwide day by day. In the current experimental study, we try to examine the gestational diabetic effect of ursolic acid. The finding of the current study showed the gestational diabetic protective effect in the female rats via AGEs-RAGE signaling pathway. The result showed the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and biochemical parameters. On the basis of the result, we can say that the ursolic acid can be the protective drug for treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senge Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Meng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Suzhou Wuzhong People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaqin Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun Yuan
- Disinfection Supply Center, The First Hospital of HuBei WuHan, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongmei Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, Yantai Municipal Laiyang Central Hospital, Laiyang, China
| | - Li Zhong
- Department of Gynecology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongmei Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongzhou Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Fengling Yin
- Department of Gynecology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, XuZhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, The Xuzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, XuZhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Xuzhou, China
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19
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Andreadou I, Daiber A, Baxter GF, Brizzi MF, Di Lisa F, Kaludercic N, Lazou A, Varga ZV, Zuurbier CJ, Schulz R, Ferdinandy P. Influence of cardiometabolic comorbidities on myocardial function, infarction, and cardioprotection: Role of cardiac redox signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 166:33-52. [PMID: 33588049 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain high. Metabolic diseases such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus (DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) as well as hypertension are the most common comorbidities in patients with CVD. These comorbidities result in increased myocardial oxidative stress, mainly from increased activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases, uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase, mitochondria as well as downregulation of antioxidant defense systems. Oxidative and nitrosative stress play an important role in ischemia/reperfusion injury and may account for increased susceptibility of the myocardium to infarction and myocardial dysfunction in the presence of the comorbidities. Thus, while early reperfusion represents the most favorable therapeutic strategy to prevent ischemia/reperfusion injury, redox therapeutic strategies may provide additive benefits, especially in patients with heart failure. While oxidative and nitrosative stress are harmful, controlled release of reactive oxygen species is however important for cardioprotective signaling. In this review we summarize the current data on the effect of hypertension and major cardiometabolic comorbidities such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, DM, NAFLD/NASH on cardiac redox homeostasis as well as on ischemia/reperfusion injury and cardioprotection. We also review and discuss the therapeutic interventions that may restore the redox imbalance in the diseased myocardium in the presence of these comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany; Partner Site Rhine-Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Langenbeckstr, Germany.
| | - Gary F Baxter
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, United Kingdom
| | | | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy; Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Padova, Italy
| | - Nina Kaludercic
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Padova, Italy
| | - Antigone Lazou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Coert J Zuurbier
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
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García JG, Ansorena E, Milagro FI, Zalba G, de Miguel C. Endothelial Nox5 Expression Modulates Glucose Uptake and Lipid Accumulation in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet and 3T3-L1 Adipocytes Treated with Glucose and Palmitic Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052729. [PMID: 33800461 PMCID: PMC7962974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health issue associated with insulin resistance and altered lipid homeostasis. It has been described that reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) activity are involved in the development of these pathologies. The present study describes the role of endothelial NOX5 expression over adipose tissue by using two experimental systems: NOX5 conditional knock-in mice fed with a high-fat diet and 3T3-L1 adipocytes cultured with conditioned media of NOX5-expressing endothelial cells previously treated with glucose and palmitic acid. Animals expressing NOX5 presented lower body weight gain and less mesenteric and epididymal adipose mass compared to control mice fed with the same diet. NOX5-expressing mice also showed significantly lower glycaemia and improved insulin-induced glucose uptake. In addition, Glut4 and Caveolin 1 (Cav1) expression were significantly increased in the adipose tissue of these animals. Likewise, 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with conditioned media from NOX5-expressing endothelial cells, incubated with high glucose and palmitic acid, presented a reduction in lipid accumulation and an increase in glucose uptake. Moreover, a significant increase in the expression of Glut4 and Cav1 was also detected in these cells. Taken together, all these data support that, in response to a highly caloric diet, NOX5 endothelial activity may regulate glucose sensitivity and lipid homeostasis in the adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge G. García
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.G.G.); (E.A.); (G.Z.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Eduardo Ansorena
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.G.G.); (E.A.); (G.Z.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Fermín I. Milagro
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Center for Nutrition Research, Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobm), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Zalba
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.G.G.); (E.A.); (G.Z.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Carlos de Miguel
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.G.G.); (E.A.); (G.Z.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-948-425600 (ext. 806462)
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Wang Y, Fu W, Xue Y, Lu Z, Li Y, Yu P, Yu X, Xu H, Sui D. Ginsenoside Rc Ameliorates Endothelial Insulin Resistance via Upregulation of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:620524. [PMID: 33708129 PMCID: PMC7940763 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.620524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major health concern which may cause cardiovascular complications. Insulin resistance (IR), regarded as a hallmark of T2DM, is characterized by endothelial dysfunction. Ginsenoside Rc is one of the main protopanaxadiol-type saponins with relatively less research on it. Despite researches confirming the potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of ginsenoside Rc, the potential benefits of ginsenoside Rc against vascular complications have not been explored. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ginsenoside Rc on endothelial IR and endothelial dysfunction with its underlying mechanisms using high glucose- (HG-) cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro and a type 2 diabetic model of db/db mice in vivo. The results showed that ginsenoside Rc corrected the imbalance of vasomotor factors, reduced the production of Ang (angiotensin) II, and activated angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)/Ang-(1–7)/Mas axis in HG-treated HUVECs. Besides, ginsenoside Rc improved the impaired insulin signaling pathway and repressed oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways which constitute key factors leading to IR. Interestingly, the effects of ginsenoside Rc on HG-induced HUVECs were abolished by the selective ACE2 inhibitor MLN-4760. Furthermore, ginsenoside Rc exhibited anti-inflammatory as well as antioxidant properties and ameliorated endothelial dysfunction via upregulation of ACE2 in db/db mice, which were confirmed by the application of MLN-4760. In conclusion, our findings reveal a novel action of ginsenoside Rc and demonstrate that ginsenoside Rc ameliorated endothelial IR and endothelial dysfunction, at least in part, via upregulation of ACE2 and holds promise for the treatment of diabetic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaozhen Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenwen Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Burn Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zeyuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuangeng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huali Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dayun Sui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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23
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Karamian M, Moossavi M, Hemmati M. From diabetes to renal aging: the therapeutic potential of adiponectin. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 77:205-214. [PMID: 33555532 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00790-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the complications related to diabetes, such as nephropathy, cardiovascular problems, and aging, are highly being considered. Renal cell aging is affected by various mechanisms of inflammation, oxidative stress, and basement membrane thickening, which are significant causes of renal dysfunction in diabetes. Due to recent studies, adiponectin plays a key role in diabetes-related kidney diseases as a fat-derived hormone. In diabetes, reduced adiponectin levels are associated to renal cell aging. Oxidative stress and related signaling pathways are the main routes in which adiponectin may be effective to decline diabetes-associated aging. Therefore, adiponectin signaling in target tissues becomes one of the research areas of interest in metabolism and clinical medicine. Studies on adiponectin signaling will increase our understanding of adiponectin role in diabetes-linked diseases as well as shortening life span conditions which may guide the design of antidiabetic and anti-aging drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Karamian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Maryam Moossavi
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mina Hemmati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
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24
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Waghela BN, Vaidya FU, Agrawal Y, Santra MK, Mishra V, Pathak C. Molecular insights of NADPH oxidases and its pathological consequences. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 39:218-234. [PMID: 32975319 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), formed by the partial reduction of oxygen, were for a long time considered to be a byproduct of cellular metabolism. Since, increase in cellular levels of ROS results in oxidative stress leading to damage of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids resulting in numerous pathological conditions; ROS was considered a bane for aerobic species. Hence, the discovery of NADPH oxidases (NOX), an enzyme family that specifically generates ROS as its prime product came as a surprise to redox biologists. NOX family proteins participate in various cellular functions including cell proliferation and differentiation, regulation of genes and protein expression, apoptosis, and host defence immunological response. Balanced expression and activation of NOX with subsequent production of ROS are critically important to regulate various genes and proteins to maintain homeostasis of the cell. However, dysregulation of NOX activation leading to enhanced ROS levels is associated with various pathophysiologies including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, ageing, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Although our current knowledge on NOX signifies its importance in the normal functioning of various cellular pathways; yet the choice of ROS producing enzymes which can tip the scale from homeostasis toward damage, as mediators of biological functions remain an oddity. Though the role of NOX in maintaining normal cellular functions is now deemed essential, yet its dysregulation leading to catastrophic events cannot be denied. Hence, this review focuses on the involvement of NOX enzymes in various pathological conditions imploring them as possible targets for therapies. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: The NOXs are multi-subunit enzymes that generate ROS as a prime product. NOX generated ROS are usually regulated by various molecular factors and play a vital role in different physiological processes. The dysregulation of NOX activity is associated with pathological consequences. Recently, the dynamic proximity of NOX enzymes with different molecular signatures of pathologies has been studied extensively. It is essential to identify the precise role of NOX machinery in its niche during the progression of pathology. Although inhibition of NOX could be a promising approach for therapeutic interventions, it is critical to expand the current understanding of NOX's dynamicity and shed light on their molecular partners and regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargav N Waghela
- School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Foram U Vaidya
- School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Yashika Agrawal
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manas Kumar Santra
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vinita Mishra
- School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Chandramani Pathak
- School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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25
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Urner S, Ho F, Jha JC, Ziegler D, Jandeleit-Dahm K. NADPH Oxidase Inhibition: Preclinical and Clinical Studies in Diabetic Complications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:415-434. [PMID: 32008354 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the development and progression of serious micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) significantly contribute to oxidative stress-associated inflammatory pathways that lead to tissue damage of different organs, including the kidneys, retina, brain, nerves, and the cardiovascular system. Recent Advances: Preclinical studies, including genetic-modified mouse models or cell culture models, have revealed the role of specific NOX isoforms in different diabetic complications, and suggested them as a promising target for the treatment of these diseases. Critical Issues: In this review, we provide an overview of the role of ROS and oxidative stress in macrovascular complications, such as stroke, myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, and peripheral vascular disease that are all mainly driven by atherosclerosis, as well as microvascular complications, such as diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. We summarize conducted genetic deletion studies of different Nox isoforms as well as pharmacological intervention studies using NOX inhibitors in the context of preclinical as well as clinical research on diabetic complications. Future Directions: We outline the isoforms that are most promising for future clinical trials in the context of micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Urner
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Florence Ho
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jay C Jha
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dan Ziegler
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karin Jandeleit-Dahm
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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26
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Maqbool A, Watt NT, Haywood N, Viswambharan H, Skromna A, Makava N, Visnagri A, Shawer HM, Bridge K, Muminov SK, Griffin K, Beech DJ, Wheatcroft SB, Porter KE, Simmons KJ, Sukumar P, Shah AM, Cubbon RM, Kearney MT, Yuldasheva NY. Divergent effects of genetic and pharmacological inhibition of Nox2 NADPH oxidase on insulin resistance-related vascular damage. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C64-C74. [PMID: 32401607 PMCID: PMC7468885 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00389.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance leads to excessive endothelial cell (EC) superoxide generation and accelerated atherosclerosis. The principal source of superoxide from the insulin-resistant endothelium is the Nox2 isoform of NADPH oxidase. Here we examine the therapeutic potential of Nox2 inhibition on superoxide generation in saphenous vein ECs (SVECs) from patients with advanced atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes and on vascular function, vascular damage, and lipid deposition in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice with EC-specific insulin resistance (ESMIRO). To examine the effect of genetic inhibition of Nox2, ESMIRO mice deficient in ApoE−/− and Nox2 (ESMIRO/ApoE−/−/Nox2−/y) were generated and compared with ESMIRO/ApoE−/−/Nox2+/y littermates. To examine the effect of pharmacological inhibition of Nox2, we administered gp91dstat or scrambled peptide to ESMIRO/ApoE−/− mice. SVECs from diabetic patients had increased expression of Nox2 protein with concomitant increase in superoxide generation, which could be reduced by the Nox2 inhibitor gp91dstat. After 12 wk Western diet, ESMIRO/ApoE−/−/Nox2−/y mice had reduced EC superoxide generation and greater aortic relaxation to acetylcholine. ESMIRO/ApoE−/−/Nox2−/y mice developed more lipid deposition in the thoraco-abdominal aorta with multiple foci of elastin fragmentation at the level of the aortic sinus and greater expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Gp91dstat reduced EC superoxide and lipid deposition in the thoraco-abdominal aorta of ESMIRO/ApoE−/− mice without causing elastin fragmentation or increased ICAM-1 expression. These results demonstrate that insulin resistance is characterized by increased Nox2-derived vascular superoxide. Complete deletion of Nox2 in mice with EC insulin resistance exacerbates, whereas partial pharmacological Nox2 inhibition protects against, insulin resistance-induced vascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Maqbool
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole T Watt
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Haywood
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Hema Viswambharan
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Skromna
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Makava
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Asjad Visnagri
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Heba M Shawer
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Bridge
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kathryn Griffin
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - David J Beech
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen B Wheatcroft
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Karen E Porter
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Katie J Simmons
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Piruthivi Sukumar
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ajay M Shah
- British Heart Foundation, Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M Cubbon
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Mark T Kearney
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Nadira Y Yuldasheva
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Regulation of Vascular Function and Inflammation via Cross Talk of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species from Mitochondria or NADPH Oxidase-Implications for Diabetes Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103405. [PMID: 32408480 PMCID: PMC7279344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a key role for the development of cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurodegenerative disease. This concept has been proven by using the approach of genetic deletion of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) producing, pro-oxidant enzymes as well as by the overexpression of RONS detoxifying, antioxidant enzymes leading to an amelioration of the severity of diseases. Vice versa, the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases is aggravated by overexpression of RONS producing enzymes as well as deletion of RONS detoxifying enzymes. We have previously identified cross talk mechanisms between different sources of RONS, which can amplify the oxidative stress-mediated damage. Here, the pathways and potential mechanisms leading to this cross talk are analyzed in detail and highlighted by selected examples from the current literature and own data including hypoxia, angiotensin II (AT-II)-induced hypertension, nitrate tolerance, aging, and others. The general concept of redox-based activation of RONS sources via “kindling radicals” and enzyme-specific “redox switches” as well as the interaction with redox-sensitive inflammatory pathways are discussed. Here, we present evidence for the existence of such cross talk mechanisms in the setting of diabetes and critically assess their contribution to the severity of diabetic complications.
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28
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Can Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Compounds Combat Lipid Peroxidation Product 4-HNE-Induced Deleterious Effects? Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010146. [PMID: 31963301 PMCID: PMC7022924 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxic reactive aldehyde 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) belongs to the advanced lipid peroxidation end products. Accumulation of 4-HNE and formation of 4-HNE adducts induced by redox imbalance participate in several cytotoxic processes, which contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of oxidative stress-related human disorders. Medicinal plants and bioactive natural compounds are suggested to be attractive sources of potential agents to mitigate oxidative stress, but little is known about the therapeutic potentials especially on combating 4-HNE-induced deleterious effects. Of note, some investigations clarify the attenuation of medicinal plants and bioactive compounds on 4-HNE-induced disturbances, but strong evidence is needed that these plants and compounds serve as potent agents in the prevention and treatment of disorders driven by 4-HNE. Therefore, this review highlights the pharmacological basis of these medicinal plants and bioactive compounds to combat 4-HNE-induced deleterious effects in oxidative stress-related disorders, such as neurotoxicity and neurological disorder, eye damage, cardiovascular injury, liver injury, and energy metabolism disorder. In addition, this review briefly discusses with special attention to the strategies for developing potential therapies by future applications of these medicinal plants and bioactive compounds, which will help biological and pharmacological scientists to explore the new vistas of medicinal plants in combating 4-HNE-induced deleterious effects.
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DeVallance E, Li Y, Jurczak MJ, Cifuentes-Pagano E, Pagano PJ. The Role of NADPH Oxidases in the Etiology of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome: Contribution of Individual Isoforms and Cell Biology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:687-709. [PMID: 31250671 PMCID: PMC6909742 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Highly prevalent in Western cultures, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes increase the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and cost health care systems billions of dollars annually. At the cellular level, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes are associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Increased levels of ROS production in key organ systems such as adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and the vasculature cause disruption of tissue homeostasis, leading to increased morbidity and risk of mortality. More specifically, growing evidence implicates the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) enzymes in these pathologies through impairment of insulin signaling, inflammation, and vascular dysfunction. The NOX family of enzymes is a major driver of redox signaling through its production of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and attendant downstream metabolites acting on redox-sensitive signaling molecules. Recent Advances: The primary goal of this review is to highlight recent advances and survey our present understanding of cell-specific NOX enzyme contributions to metabolic diseases. Critical Issues: However, due to the short half-lives of individual ROS and/or cellular defense systems, radii of ROS diffusion are commonly short, often restricting redox signaling and oxidant stress to localized events. Thus, special emphasis should be placed on cell type and subcellular location of NOX enzymes to better understand their role in the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases. Future Directions: We discuss the targeting of NOX enzymes as potential therapy and bring to light potential emerging areas of NOX research, microparticles and epigenetics, in the context of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan DeVallance
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael J Jurczak
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Eugenia Cifuentes-Pagano
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Patrick J Pagano
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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30
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Korokina LV, Golubev IV, Pokopejko ON, Zagrebelnaya AV, Demchenko SA. Search for new pharmacological targets for increasing the efficiency of correction of cardiovascular diseases. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.5.39521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide: no other reason causes as many deaths a year as CVD. An estimated 17.9 million people died of CVD in 2016, accounting for 31% of all deaths in the world. People with CVD or at high risk for these diseases (due to one or more risk factors, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, or an already developed disease) need early detection and assistance through counseling and, if necessary, taking medication.
Ways to find new targets for the correction of endothelium-associated pathology: The basis of the modern therapy for arterial hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases is the postulate of the need to correct endothelial dysfunction as an indication of the adequacy of antihypertensive and other types of treatment. Lowering blood pressure (BP) without normalizing endothelial function cannot be considered a successfully resolved clinical task. Currently, there are no drugs for specific pharmacological correction of endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases, and the search for new targets for pharmacological correction of endothelial dysfunction is one of the main tasks of pharmacology.
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31
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Muñoz M, López-Oliva ME, Rodríguez C, Martínez MP, Sáenz-Medina J, Sánchez A, Climent B, Benedito S, García-Sacristán A, Rivera L, Hernández M, Prieto D. Differential contribution of Nox1, Nox2 and Nox4 to kidney vascular oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in obesity. Redox Biol 2019; 28:101330. [PMID: 31563085 PMCID: PMC6812001 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress-associated endothelial dysfunction is a key pathogenic factor underlying the microvascular complications of metabolic disease. NADPH oxidase (Nox) is a major source of oxidative stress in diabetic nephropathy and chronic kidney disease, despite Nox4 and Nox2 have been identified as relevant sources of vasodilator endothelial H2O2.The present study was sought to investigate the role of Nox enzymes in renal vascular oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in a rat model of genetic obesity. Endothelial function was assessed in intrarenal arteries of obese Zucker rats (OZR) and their counterparts lean Zucker rats (LZR) mounted in microvascular myographs, and superoxide (O2.-) and H2O2 production were measured. Impaired endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine (ACh) were associated to augmented O2.- generation, but neither ROS scavengers nor the Nox inhibitor apocynin significantly improved these relaxant responses in renal arteries of OZR. Whereas NO contribution to endothelial relaxations was blunted, catalase-sensitive non-NO non-prostanoid relaxations were enhanced in obese rats. Interestingly, NADPH-dependent O2.- production was augmented while NADPH-dependent H2O2 generation was reduced, and cytosolic and mitochondrial SOD were up-regulated in kidney of obese rats. Nox4 was down-regulated in renal arteries and Nox4-dependent H2O2 generation and endothelial relaxation were reduced in OZR. Up-regulation of both Nox2 and Nox1 was associated with augmented O2.- production but reduced H2O2 generation and blunted endothelial Nox2-derived H2O2-mediated in obese rats. Moreover, increased Nox1-derived O2.- contributed to renal endothelial dysfunction in OZR. In summary, the current data support a main role for Nox1-derived O2.- in kidney vascular oxidative stress and renal endothelial dysfunction in obesity, while reduced endothelial Nox4 expression associated to decreased H2O2 generation and H2O2-mediated vasodilatation might hinder Nox4 protective renal effects thus contributing to kidney injury. This suggests that effective therapies to counteract oxidative stress and prevent microvascular complications must identify the specific Nox subunits involved in metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Muñoz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Claudia Rodríguez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Pilar Martínez
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Sáenz-Medina
- Departamento de Urología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Climent
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Benedito
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luis Rivera
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Medardo Hernández
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Prieto
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
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Kompella P, Vasquez KM. Obesity and cancer: A mechanistic overview of metabolic changes in obesity that impact genetic instability. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1531-1550. [PMID: 31168912 PMCID: PMC6692207 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, defined as a state of positive energy balance with a body mass index exceeding 30 kg/m2 in adults and 95th percentile in children, is an increasing global concern. Approximately one-third of the world's population is overweight or obese, and in the United States alone, obesity affects one in six children. Meta-analysis studies suggest that obesity increases the likelihood of developing several types of cancer, and with poorer outcomes, especially in children. The contribution of obesity to cancer risk requires a better understanding of the association between obesity-induced metabolic changes and its impact on genomic instability, which is a major driving force of tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss how molecular changes during adipose tissue dysregulation can result in oxidative stress and subsequent DNA damage. This represents one of the many critical steps connecting obesity and cancer since oxidative DNA lesions can result in cancer-associated genetic instability. In addition, the by-products of the oxidative degradation of lipids (e.g., malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal, and acrolein), and gut microbiota-mediated secondary bile acid metabolites (e.g., deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid), can function as genotoxic agents and tumor promoters. We also discuss how obesity can impact DNA repair efficiency, potentially contributing to cancer initiation and progression. Finally, we outline obesity-related epigenetic changes and identify the gaps in knowledge to be addressed for the development of better therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of obesity-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Kompella
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, 1400 Barbara Jordan Boulevard, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Karen M. Vasquez
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, 1400 Barbara Jordan Boulevard, Austin, TX 78723, USA
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Meza CA, La Favor JD, Kim DH, Hickner RC. Endothelial Dysfunction: Is There a Hyperglycemia-Induced Imbalance of NOX and NOS? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153775. [PMID: 31382355 PMCID: PMC6696313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (NOX) are enzyme complexes that have received much attention as key molecules in the development of vascular dysfunction. NOX have the primary function of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), and are considered the main source of ROS production in endothelial cells. The endothelium is a thin monolayer that lines the inner surface of blood vessels, acting as a secretory organ to maintain homeostasis of blood flow. The enzymatic production of nitric oxide (NO) by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) is critical in mediating endothelial function, and oxidative stress can cause dysregulation of eNOS and endothelial dysfunction. Insulin is a stimulus for increases in blood flow and endothelium-dependent vasodilation. However, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes are characterized by poor control of the endothelial cell redox environment, with a shift toward overproduction of ROS by NOX. Studies in models of type 2 diabetes demonstrate that aberrant NOX activation contributes to uncoupling of eNOS and endothelial dysfunction. It is well-established that endothelial dysfunction precedes the onset of cardiovascular disease, therefore NOX are important molecular links between type 2 diabetes and vascular complications. The aim of the current review is to describe the normal, healthy physiological mechanisms involved in endothelial function, and highlight the central role of NOX in mediating endothelial dysfunction when glucose homeostasis is impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar A Meza
- Department of Nutrition, Food & Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Justin D La Favor
- Department of Nutrition, Food & Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Do-Houn Kim
- Department of Nutrition, Food & Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Robert C Hickner
- Department of Nutrition, Food & Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, College of Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
- Department of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville 4041, South Africa.
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Bubb KJ, Drummond GR, Figtree GA. New opportunities for targeting redox dysregulation in cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 116:532-544. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Despite substantial promise, the use of antioxidant therapy to improve cardiovascular outcomes has been disappointing. Whilst the fundamental biology supporting their use continues to build, the challenge now is to differentially target dysregulated redox signalling domains and to identify new ways to deliver antioxidant substances. Looking further afield to other disciplines, there is an emerging ‘tool-kit’ containing sophisticated molecular and drug delivery applications. Applying these to the cardiovascular redox field could prove a successful strategy to combat the increasing disease burden. Excessive reactive oxygen species production and protein modifications in the mitochondria has been the target of successful drug development with several positive outcomes emerging in the cardiovascular space, harnessing both improved delivery mechanisms and enhanced understanding of the biological abnormalities. Using this as a blueprint, similar strategies could be applied and expanded upon in other redox-hot-spots, such as the caveolae sub-cellular region, which houses many of the key cardiovascular redox proteins such as NADPH oxidase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, angiotensin II receptors, and beta adrenoceptors. The expanded tool kit of drug development, including gene and miRNA therapies, nanoparticle technology and micropeptide targeting, can be applied to target dysregulated redox signalling in subcellular compartments of cardiovascular cells. In this review, we consider the opportunities for improving cardiovascular outcomes by utilizing new technology platforms to target subcellular ‘bonfires’ generated by dysregulated redox pathways, to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen J Bubb
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Health, Kolling Institute and Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Grant R Drummond
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology and Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gemma A Figtree
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Health, Kolling Institute and Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Junior MDF, Cavalcante KVN, Ferreira LA, Lopes PR, Pontes CNR, Bessa ADSMD, Neves ÂR, Francisco FA, Pedrino GR, Xavier CH, Mathias PCDF, Castro CHD, Gomes RM. Postnatal early overfeeding induces cardiovascular dysfunction by oxidative stress in adult male Wistar rats. Life Sci 2019; 226:173-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Atractylenolide III Attenuates Muscle Wasting in Chronic Kidney Disease via the Oxidative Stress-Mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1875471. [PMID: 31178951 PMCID: PMC6501186 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1875471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to muscle wasting in advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Atractylenolide III (ATL-III), the major active constituent of Atractylodes rhizome, has been previously reported to function as an antioxidant. This study is aimed at investigating whether ATL-III has protective effects against CKD-induced muscle wasting by alleviating oxidative stress. The results showed that the levels of serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and urinary protein significantly decreased in the ATL-III treatment group compared with the 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx) model group but were higher than those in the sham operation group. Skeletal muscle weight was increased, while inflammation was alleviated in the ATL-III administration group compared with the 5/6 Nx model group. ATL-III-treated rats also showed reduced dilation of the mitochondria, increased CAT, GSH-Px, and SOD activity, and decreased levels of MDA both in skeletal muscles and serum compared with 5/6 Nx model rats, suggesting that ATL-III alleviated mitochondrial damage and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, thus reducing the production of ROS. Furthermore, accumulated autophagosomes (APs) and autolysosomes (ALs) were reduced in the gastrocnemius (Gastroc) muscles of ATL-III-treated rats under transmission electron microscopy (TEM) together with the downregulation of LC3-II and upregulation of p62 according to Western blotting. This evidence indicated that ATL-III improved skeletal muscle atrophy and alleviated oxidative stress and autophagy in CKD rats. Furthermore, ATL-III could also increase the protein levels of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR in skeletal muscles in CKD rats. To further reveal the relevant mechanism, the oxidative stress-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was assessed, which showed that a reduced expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR in C2C12 myoblast atrophy induced by TNF-α could be upregulated by ATL-III; however, after the overexpression of Nox2 to increase ROS production, the attenuated effect was reversed. Our findings indicated that ATL-III is a potentially protective drug against muscle wasting via activation of the oxidative stress-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Mughal RS, Bridge K, Buza I, Slaaby R, Worm J, Klitgaard-Povlsen G, Hvid H, Schiødt M, Cubbon R, Yuldasheva N, Skromna A, Makava N, Skytte-Olsen G, Kearney MT. Effects of obesity on insulin: insulin-like growth factor 1 hybrid receptor expression and Akt phosphorylation in conduit and resistance arteries. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2019; 16:160-170. [PMID: 30295509 PMCID: PMC6484231 DOI: 10.1177/1479164118802550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 stimulate specific responses in arteries, which may be disrupted by diet-induced obesity. We examined (1) temporal effects of high-fat diet compared to low-fat diet in mice on insulin receptor, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, insulin receptor/insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor hybrid receptor expression and insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1-mediated Akt phosphorylation in aorta; and (2) effects of high-fat diet on insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1-mediated Akt phosphorylation and vascular tone in resistance arteries. Medium-term high-fat diet (5 weeks) decreased insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor expression and increased hybrid expression (~30%) only. After long-term (16 weeks) high-fat diet, insulin receptor expression was reduced by ~30%, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor expression decreased a further ~40% and hybrid expression increased a further ~60%. Independent correlates of hybrid receptor expression were high-fat diet, duration of high-fat diet and plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 (all p < 0.05). In aorta, insulin was a more potent activator of Akt than insulin-like growth factor-1, whereas in resistance arteries, insulin-like growth factor-1 was more potent than insulin. High-fat diet blunted insulin-mediated vasorelaxation ( p < 0.01) but had no effect on insulin-like growth factor-1-mediated vasorelaxation in resistance arteries. Our findings support the possibility that hybrid receptor level is influenced by nutritional and metabolic cues. Moreover, vessel-dependent effects of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 on vascular tone and Akt activation may have implications in treating obesity-related vascular disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/enzymology
- Cells, Cultured
- Diet, Fat-Restricted
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme Activation
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/enzymology
- Humans
- Insulin/pharmacology
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/pharmacology
- Male
- Mesenteric Arteries/drug effects
- Mesenteric Arteries/enzymology
- Mesenteric Arteries/physiopathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Obesity/blood
- Obesity/enzymology
- Obesity/physiopathology
- Phosphorylation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, Insulin/metabolism
- Receptors, Somatomedin/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Vascular Resistance/drug effects
- Vasodilation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana S Mughal
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Katherine Bridge
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Irma Buza
- Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Malov, Denmark
| | - Rita Slaaby
- Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Malov, Denmark
| | - Jesper Worm
- Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Malov, Denmark
| | | | - Henning Hvid
- Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Malov, Denmark
| | | | - Richard Cubbon
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Nadira Yuldasheva
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Anna Skromna
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Natallia Makava
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Mark T Kearney
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Mark T Kearney, Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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Tejero J, Shiva S, Gladwin MT. Sources of Vascular Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Regulation. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:311-379. [PMID: 30379623 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a small free radical with critical signaling roles in physiology and pathophysiology. The generation of sufficient NO levels to regulate the resistance of the blood vessels and hence the maintenance of adequate blood flow is critical to the healthy performance of the vasculature. A novel paradigm indicates that classical NO synthesis by dedicated NO synthases is supplemented by nitrite reduction pathways under hypoxia. At the same time, reactive oxygen species (ROS), which include superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, are produced in the vascular system for signaling purposes, as effectors of the immune response, or as byproducts of cellular metabolism. NO and ROS can be generated by distinct enzymes or by the same enzyme through alternate reduction and oxidation processes. The latter oxidoreductase systems include NO synthases, molybdopterin enzymes, and hemoglobins, which can form superoxide by reduction of molecular oxygen or NO by reduction of inorganic nitrite. Enzymatic uncoupling, changes in oxygen tension, and the concentration of coenzymes and reductants can modulate the NO/ROS production from these oxidoreductases and determine the redox balance in health and disease. The dysregulation of the mechanisms involved in the generation of NO and ROS is an important cause of cardiovascular disease and target for therapy. In this review we will present the biology of NO and ROS in the cardiovascular system, with special emphasis on their routes of formation and regulation, as well as the therapeutic challenges and opportunities for the management of NO and ROS in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Tejero
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Vascular endothelial dysfunction, a major mediator in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:1-8. [PMID: 29867137 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is currently a major public health problem. A common complication of diabetes is cardiac dysfunction, which is recognized as a microvascular disease that leads to morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. While ischemic events are commonly observed in diabetic patients, the risk for developing heart failure is also increased, independent of the severity of coronary artery disease and hypertension. This diabetes-associated clinical entity is considered a distinct disease process referred to as "diabetic cardiomyopathy". However, it is not clear how diabetes promotes cardiac dysfunction. Vascular endothelial dysfunction is thought to be one of the key risk factors. The impact of diabetes on the endothelium involves several alterations, including hyperglycemia, fatty acid oxidation, reduced nitric oxide (NO), oxidative stress, inflammatory activation, and altered barrier function. The current review provides an update on mechanisms that specifically target endothelial dysfunction, which may lead to diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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40
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Jiang X, Li X, Zhu C, Sun J, Tian L, Chen W, Bai W. The target cells of anthocyanins in metabolic syndrome. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:921-946. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1491022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xusheng Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Cuijuan Zhu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianxia Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lingmin Tian
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Sfyri PP, Yuldasheva NY, Tzimou A, Giallourou N, Crispi V, Aburima A, Beltran-Alvarez P, Patel K, Mougios V, Swann JR, Kearney MT, Matsakas A. Attenuation of oxidative stress-induced lesions in skeletal muscle in a mouse model of obesity-independent hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis through the inhibition of Nox2 activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:504-519. [PMID: 30342191 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity leading to hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis is recognised to induce morphological and metabolic changes in many tissues. However, hyperlipidaemia can occur in the absence of obesity. The impact of the latter scenario on skeletal muscle and liver is not understood sufficiently. In this regard, we used the Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mouse model, an established model of hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis, that does not become obese when subjected to a high-fat diet, to determine the impact of Western-type diet (WD) and ApoE deficiency on skeletal muscle morphological, metabolic and biochemical properties. To establish the potential of therapeutic targets, we further examined the impact of Nox2 pharmacological inhibition on skeletal muscle redox biology. We found ectopic lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle and the liver, and altered skeletal muscle morphology and intramuscular triacylglycerol fatty acid composition. WD and ApoE deficiency had a detrimental impact in muscle metabolome, followed by perturbed gene expression for fatty acid uptake and oxidation. Importantly, there was enhanced oxidative stress in the skeletal muscle and development of liver steatosis, inflammation and oxidative protein modifications. Pharmacological inhibition of Nox2 decreased reactive oxygen species production and protein oxidative modifications in the muscle of ApoE-/- mice subjected to a Western-type diet. This study provides key evidence to better understand the pathophysiology of skeletal muscle in the context of hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis and identifies Nox2 as a potential target for attenuating oxidative stress in skeletal muscle in a mouse model of obesity-independent hyperlipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pagona Panagiota Sfyri
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Centre for Atherothrombotic & Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, United Kingdom
| | - Nadira Y Yuldasheva
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasia Tzimou
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sports Science at Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Natasa Giallourou
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Vassili Crispi
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Centre for Atherothrombotic & Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Aburima
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Centre for Atherothrombotic & Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ketan Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Vassilis Mougios
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sports Science at Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jonathan R Swann
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark T Kearney
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Antonios Matsakas
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Centre for Atherothrombotic & Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, United Kingdom.
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42
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Bubb KJ, Ritchie RH, Figtree GA. Modified redox signaling in vasculature after chronic infusion of the insulin receptor antagonist, S961. Microcirculation 2018; 26:e12501. [PMID: 30178465 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes and associated vascular complications cause substantial morbidity and mortality. It is important to investigate mechanisms and test therapies in relevant physiological models, yet few animal models adequately recapitulate all aspects of the human condition. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the potential of using an insulin receptor antagonist, S961, in mice for investigating vascular pathophysiology. METHODS S961 was infused into mice for 4 weeks. Blood glucose was monitored, and insulin was measured at the end of the protocol. Blood pressure and pressor responses to vasodilators were measured in cannulated mice, and vascular reactive oxygen and nitrogen species were measured in isolated tissue. RESULTS S961 infusion-induced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. There was evidence of increased vascular reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and modification of NO-mediated signaling. Pressor responses to a NO donor were attenuated, but responses to bradykinin were preserved. CONCLUSIONS Infusion of S961, an insulin receptor antagonist, results in the production of a mouse model of type 2 diabetes that may be useful for investigating redox signaling in the vasculature of insulin-resistant mice over the short term. It is limited by both the transient nature of the hyperglycemia and incomplete functional analogy to the human condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen J Bubb
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Health, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology Laboratory, Basic Science Domain, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gemma A Figtree
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Health, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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43
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Sengupta A, Patel PA, Yuldasheva NY, Mughal RS, Galloway S, Viswambharan H, Walker AMN, Aziz A, Smith J, Ali N, Mercer BN, Imrie H, Sukumar P, Wheatcroft SB, Kearney MT, Cubbon RM. Endothelial Insulin Receptor Restoration Rescues Vascular Function in Male Insulin Receptor Haploinsufficient Mice. Endocrinology 2018; 159:2917-2925. [PMID: 29796592 PMCID: PMC6047419 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Reduced systemic insulin signaling promotes endothelial dysfunction and diminished endogenous vascular repair. We investigated whether restoration of endothelial insulin receptor expression could rescue this phenotype. Insulin receptor knockout (IRKO) mice were crossed with mice expressing a human insulin receptor endothelial cell-specific overexpression (hIRECO) to produce IRKO-hIRECO progeny. No metabolic differences were noted between IRKO and IRKO-hIRECO mice in glucose and insulin tolerance tests. In contrast with control IRKO littermates, IRKO-hIRECO mice exhibited normal blood pressure and aortic vasodilatation in response to acetylcholine, comparable to parameters noted in wild type littermates. These phenotypic changes were associated with increased basal- and insulin-stimulated nitric oxide production. IRKO-hIRECO mice also demonstrated normalized endothelial repair after denuding arterial injury, which was associated with rescued endothelial cell migration in vitro but not with changes in circulating progenitor populations or culture-derived myeloid angiogenic cells. These data show that restoration of endothelial insulin receptor expression alone is sufficient to prevent the vascular dysfunction caused by systemically reduced insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Sengupta
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, The University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Peysh A Patel
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, The University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Nadira Y Yuldasheva
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, The University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Romana S Mughal
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, The University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Stacey Galloway
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, The University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Hema Viswambharan
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, The University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M N Walker
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, The University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Amir Aziz
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, The University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Smith
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, The University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Noman Ali
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, The University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ben N Mercer
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, The University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Imrie
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, The University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Piruthivi Sukumar
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, The University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen B Wheatcroft
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, The University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Mark T Kearney
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, The University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M Cubbon
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, The University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Correspondence: Richard M. Cubbon, MBChB, PhD, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, The University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom. E-mail:
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44
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Onyango AN. Cellular Stresses and Stress Responses in the Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4321714. [PMID: 30116482 PMCID: PMC6079365 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4321714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR), a key component of the metabolic syndrome, precedes the development of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Its etiological pathways are not well defined, although many contributory mechanisms have been established. This article summarizes such mechanisms into the hypothesis that factors like nutrient overload, physical inactivity, hypoxia, psychological stress, and environmental pollutants induce a network of cellular stresses, stress responses, and stress response dysregulations that jointly inhibit insulin signaling in insulin target cells including endothelial cells, hepatocytes, myocytes, hypothalamic neurons, and adipocytes. The insulin resistance-inducing cellular stresses include oxidative, nitrosative, carbonyl/electrophilic, genotoxic, and endoplasmic reticulum stresses; the stress responses include the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, the DNA damage response, the unfolded protein response, apoptosis, inflammasome activation, and pyroptosis, while the dysregulated responses include the heat shock response, autophagy, and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 signaling. Insulin target cells also produce metabolites that exacerbate cellular stress generation both locally and systemically, partly through recruitment and activation of myeloid cells which sustain a state of chronic inflammation. Thus, insulin resistance may be prevented or attenuated by multiple approaches targeting the different cellular stresses and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold N. Onyango
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
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Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), generated from L-arginine and oxygen by NO synthases, is a pleiotropic signaling molecule involved in cardiovascular and metabolic regulation. More recently, an alternative pathway for the formation of this free radical has been explored. The inorganic anions nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-), originating from dietary and endogenous sources, generate NO bioactivity in a process involving seemingly symbiotic oral bacteria and host enzymes in blood and tissues. The described cardio-metabolic effects of dietary nitrate from experimental and clinical studies include lowering of blood pressure, improved endothelial function, increased exercise performance, and reversal of metabolic syndrome, as well as antidiabetic effects. The mechanisms underlying the salutary metabolic effects of nitrate are being revealed and include interaction with mitochondrial respiration, activation of key metabolic regulatory pathways, and reduction of oxidative stress. Here we review the recent advances in the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway, focusing on metabolic effects in health and disease.
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Li Q, Su J, Jin SJ, Wei W, Cong XD, Li XX, Xu M. Argirein alleviates vascular endothelial insulin resistance through suppressing the activation of Nox4-dependent O 2- production in diabetic rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 121:169-179. [PMID: 29709706 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.04.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance in endothelial cells contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, there are great potential clinical implications in developing pharmacological interventions targeting endothelial insulin resistance. Our previous studies indicated that argirein which was developed by combining rhein with L-arginine by a hydrogen bond, could substantially relieved stress related exacerbation of cardiac failure and alleviated cardiac dysfunction in T2DM, which was associated with suppressing NADPH oxidase activity. However, it is unclear whether argirein treatment attenuates the vascular lesion and dysfunction in T2DM and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS The rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs) were used to treat with palmitic acid (PA), a most common saturated free fatty acid, which could induce insulin resistance. It was showed that argirein increased glucose uptake and glucose transporter-4 (Glut4) expression and reversed the phosphorylation of IRS-1-ser307 and AKT-ser473, consequently resulting in the increase of the production of eNOS and NO in PA-induced RAECs. We further found that argirein blocked the Nox4-dependent superoxide (O2-.) generation, which regulated glucose metabolism in RAECs during PA stimulation. In vitro, argirein increased the release of endothelial NO to relieve the vasodilatory response to acetylcholine and insulin, and restored the expression of Nox4 and pIRS-1-ser307 in the aorta endothelium of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats following an injection of streptozocin (STZ). CONCLUSION These results suggested that argirein could improve endothelial insulin resistance which was attributed to inhibiting Nox4-dependent redox signaling in RAECs. These studies thus revealed the novel effect of argirein to prevent the vascular complication in T2DM.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anthraquinones/pharmacology
- Arginine/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Drug Combinations
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Insulin Resistance
- Male
- NADPH Oxidase 4/genetics
- NADPH Oxidase 4/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Preclinical Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong jia Lane, P.O. Box 076, Nanjing, China, 210009
| | - Jie Su
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Preclinical Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong jia Lane, P.O. Box 076, Nanjing, China, 210009
| | - Shi-Jie Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Preclinical Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong jia Lane, P.O. Box 076, Nanjing, China, 210009
| | - Xiao-Dong Cong
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Li
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Preclinical Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong jia Lane, P.O. Box 076, Nanjing, China, 210009.
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47
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Mukherjee R, Moreno‐Fernandez ME, Giles DA, Cappelletti M, Stankiewicz TE, Chan CC, Divanovic S. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced) oxidase 2 modulates inflammatory vigor during nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progression in mice. Hepatol Commun 2018; 2:546-560. [PMID: 29761170 PMCID: PMC5944572 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a disease spectrum ranging from benign steatosis to life-threatening cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and exacerbated inflammatory responses have been implicated in NAFLD progression. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced) oxidase 2 (NOX2; also known as gp91Phox), the main catalytic subunit of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced) oxidase complex, modulates ROS production, immune responsiveness, and pathogenesis of obesity-associated metabolic derangements. However, the role of NOX2 in the regulation of immune cell function and inflammatory vigor in NAFLD remains underdefined. Here, we demonstrate that obesogenic diet feeding promoted ROS production by bone marrow, white adipose tissue, and liver immune cells. Genetic ablation of NOX2 impeded immune cell ROS synthesis and was sufficient to uncouple obesity from glucose dysmetabolism and NAFLD pathogenesis. Protection from hepatocellular damage in NOX2-deficient mice correlated with reduced hepatic neutrophil, macrophage, and T-cell infiltration, diminished production of key NAFLD-driving proinflammatory cytokines, and an inherent reduction in T-cell polarization toward Th17 phenotype. Conclusion: Current findings demonstrate a crucial role of the NOX2-ROS axis in immune cell effector function and polarization and consequent NAFLD progression in obesity. Pharmacologic targeting of NOX2 function in immune cells may represent a viable approach for reducing morbidity of obesity-associated NAFLD pathogenesis. (Hepatology Communications 2018;2:546-560).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Mukherjee
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH45220
- Division of ImmunobiologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOH45229USA
| | - Maria E. Moreno‐Fernandez
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH45220
- Division of ImmunobiologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOH45229USA
| | - Daniel A. Giles
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH45220
- Division of ImmunobiologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOH45229USA
- Immunology Graduate ProgramCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
- Present address:
Present address for Daniel A. Giles is La Jolla Institute for Allergy and ImmunologyLa JollaCA
| | - Monica Cappelletti
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH45220
- Division of ImmunobiologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOH45229USA
- Present address:
Present address for Monica Cappelletti is Divisions of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los AngelesMattel Children's HospitalLos AngelesCA
| | - Traci E. Stankiewicz
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH45220
- Division of ImmunobiologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOH45229USA
| | - Calvin C. Chan
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH45220
- Division of ImmunobiologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOH45229USA
- Immunology Graduate ProgramCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
- Medical Scientist Training ProgramCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH45220USA
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH45220
- Division of ImmunobiologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOH45229USA
- Immunology Graduate ProgramCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH
- Medical Scientist Training ProgramCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH45220USA
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48
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Fayed MR, El-Naga RN, Akool ES, El-Demerdash E. The potential antifibrotic impact of apocynin and alpha-lipoic acid in concanavalin A-induced liver fibrosis in rats: Role of NADPH oxidases 1 and 4. Drug Discov Ther 2018; 12:58-67. [DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2017.01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa R. Fayed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University
| | - Reem N. El-Naga
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University
| | - El-Sayed Akool
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, El-Azhar University
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University
| | - Ebtehal El-Demerdash
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University
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49
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well known for their role in mediating both physiological and pathophysiological signal transduction. Enzymes and subcellular compartments that typically produce ROS are associated with metabolic regulation, and diseases associated with metabolic dysfunction may be influenced by changes in redox balance. In this review, we summarize the current literature surrounding ROS and their role in metabolic and inflammatory regulation, focusing on ROS signal transduction and its relationship to disease progression. In particular, we examine ROS production in compartments such as the cytoplasm, mitochondria, peroxisome, and endoplasmic reticulum and discuss how ROS influence metabolic processes such as proteasome function, autophagy, and general inflammatory signaling. We also summarize and highlight the role of ROS in the regulation metabolic/inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, and stroke. In order to develop therapies that target oxidative signaling, it is vital to understand the balance ROS signaling plays in both physiology and pathophysiology, and how manipulation of this balance and the identity of the ROS may influence cellular and tissue homeostasis. An increased understanding of specific sources of ROS production and an appreciation for how ROS influence cellular metabolism may help guide us in the effort to treat cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Forrester
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta GA
| | - Daniel S Kikuchi
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta GA
| | - Marina S Hernandes
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta GA
| | - Qian Xu
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta GA
| | - Kathy K Griendling
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta GA.
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50
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Yan J, Tie G, Wang S, Tutto A, DeMarco N, Khair L, Fazzio TG, Messina LM. Diabetes impairs wound healing by Dnmt1-dependent dysregulation of hematopoietic stem cells differentiation towards macrophages. Nat Commun 2018; 9:33. [PMID: 29295997 PMCID: PMC5750226 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02425-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
People with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a 25-fold higher risk of limb loss than non-diabetics due in large part to impaired wound healing. Here, we show that the impaired wound healing phenotype found in T2D mice is recapitulated in lethally irradiated wild type recipients, whose hematopoiesis is reconstituted with hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from T2D mice, indicating an HSC-autonomous mechanism. This impaired wound healing phenotype of T2D mice is due to a Nox-2-dependent increase in HSC oxidant stress that decreases microRNA let-7d-3p, which, in turn, directly upregulates Dnmt1, leading to the hypermethylation of Notch1, PU.1, and Klf4. This HSC-autonomous mechanism reduces the number of wound macrophages and skews their polarization towards M1 macrophages. These findings reveal a novel inflammatory mechanism by which a metabolic disorder induces an epigenetic mechanism in HSCs, which predetermines the gene expression of terminally differentiated inflammatory cells that controls their number and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglian Yan
- Diabetes Center of Excellence and Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Guodong Tie
- Diabetes Center of Excellence and Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Shouying Wang
- Diabetes Center of Excellence and Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Amanda Tutto
- Diabetes Center of Excellence and Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Natale DeMarco
- Diabetes Center of Excellence and Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Lyne Khair
- Diabetes Center of Excellence and Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Thomas G Fazzio
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Louis M Messina
- Diabetes Center of Excellence and Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
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