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Du B, Ru J, Zhan Z, Lin C, Liu Y, Mao W, Zhang J. Insight into small-molecule inhibitors targeting extracellular nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase1 for potential multiple human diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116286. [PMID: 38432057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) has been identified as a type II transmembrane glycoprotein. It plays a crucial role in various biological processes, such as bone mineralization, cancer cell proliferation, and immune regulation. Consequently, ENPP1 has garnered attention as a promising target for pharmacological interventions. Despite its potential, the development of clinical-stage ENPP1 inhibitors for solid tumors, diabetes, and silent rickets remains limited. However, there are encouraging findings from preclinical trials involving small molecules exhibiting favorable therapeutic effects and safety profiles. This perspective aims to shed light on the structural properties, biological functions and the relationship between ENPP1 and diseases. Additionally, it focuses on the structure-activity relationship of ENPP1 inhibitors, with the intention of guiding the future development of new and effective ENPP1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baochan Du
- Department of Neurology, Neuro-system and Multimorbidity Laboratory and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jinxiao Ru
- Department of Neurology, Neuro-system and Multimorbidity Laboratory and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zixuan Zhan
- Department of Neurology, Neuro-system and Multimorbidity Laboratory and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Congcong Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, China
| | - Wuyu Mao
- Department of Neurology, Neuro-system and Multimorbidity Laboratory and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Neuro-system and Multimorbidity Laboratory and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Guan D, Fang L, Feng M, Guo S, Xie L, Chen C, Sun X, Wu Q, Yuan X, Xie Z, Zhou J, Zhang H. Ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 inhibitors: Research progress and prospects. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116211. [PMID: 38359537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The cancer immunotherapies involved in cGAS-STING pathway have been made great progress in recent years. STING agonists exhibit broad-spectrum anti-tumor effects with strong immune response. As a negative regulator of the cGAS-STING pathway, ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) can hydrolyze extracellular 2', 3'-cGAMP and reduce extracellular 2', 3'-cGAMP concentration. ENPP1 has been validated to play important roles in diabetes, cancers, and cardiovascular disease and now become a promising target for tumor immunotherapy. Several ENPP1 inhibitors under development have shown good anti-tumor effects alone or in combination with other agents in clinical and preclinical researches. In this review, the biological profiles of ENPP1 were described, and the structures and the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of the known ENPP1 inhibitors were summarized. This review also provided the prospects and challenges in the development of ENPP1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhong Guan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, TongjiaXiang 24, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Lincheng Fang
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingshun Feng
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi Guo
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lingfeng Xie
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xue Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, TongjiaXiang 24, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingyun Wu
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xinrui Yuan
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zuoquan Xie
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jinpei Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, TongjiaXiang 24, 210009, Nanjing, China.
| | - Huibin Zhang
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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The addition of different oils in the diet regulates the expression of adipocytokine signaling genes in sheep longissimus dorsi muscle. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:385. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03395-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Pei J, Wang B, Wang D. Current Studies on Molecular Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:1863429. [PMID: 36589630 PMCID: PMC9803571 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1863429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disease that raises the risk of microvascular and neurological disorders. Insensitivity to insulin is a characteristic of type II diabetes, which accounts for 85-90 percent of all diabetic patients. The fundamental molecular factor of insulin resistance may be impaired cell signal transduction mediated by the insulin receptor (IR). Several cell-signaling proteins, including IR, insulin receptor substrate (IRS), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), have been recognized as being important in the impaired insulin signaling pathway since they are associated with a large number of proteins that are strictly regulated and interact with other signaling pathways. Many studies have found a correlation between IR alternative splicing, IRS gene polymorphism, the complicated regulatory function of IRS serine/threonine phosphorylation, and the negative regulatory role of p85 in insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. This review brings up-to-date knowledge of the roles of signaling proteins in insulin resistance in order to aid in the discovery of prospective targets for insulin resistance treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Pei
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Baochun Wang
- The First Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of the Ministry of Education of China, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
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Influence of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of ENPP1 and ADIPOQ on Insulin Resistance and Obesity: A Case-Control Study in a Javanese Population. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11060552. [PMID: 34208364 PMCID: PMC8231196 DOI: 10.3390/life11060552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in obesity-related genes, such as ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) and adiponectin (ADIPOQ), potentially increase the risk of insulin resistance, the most common metabolic dysregulation related to obesity. We investigated the association of ENPP1 SNP K121Q (rs1044498) with insulin resistance and ADIPOQ SNP + 267G > T (rs1501299) with circulating adiponectin levels in a case–control study involving 55 obese and 55 lean Javanese people residing in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Allele frequency was determined by a chi squared test or Fisher’s exact test with an expected value less than 0.05. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated by regression logistic analysis. The presence of the Q121 allele of ENPP1 resulted in significantly higher fasting glucose, fasting insulin levels, and HOMA-IR, as compared to homozygous K121 carriers. The risk of insulin resistance was elevated in obese individuals carrying Q121 instead of homozygous K121. Adiponectin level was significantly lower in the obese group as compared to the lean group. Obese individuals carrying homozygous protective alleles (TT) of ADIPOQ tended to have lower adiponectin levels as compared to GT and GG carriers, however, we did not find statistically significant effects of the +276G > T SNP of the ADIPOQ gene on the plasma adiponectin levels or on the development of obesity.
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Albegali AA, Shahzad M, Ullah MI, Mahmood S, Rashid M. Association of genetic polymorphism of PC-1 gene (rs1044498 Lys121Gln) with insulin-resistant type 2 diabetes mellitus in Punjabi Population of Pakistan. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e775. [PMID: 31250990 PMCID: PMC6687647 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR), known to reduce the response to insulin action, develops with obesity leading to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The PC-1 gene has been associated with dyslipidemia, polycystic ovarian disease and T2DM in different regions of the world. The objective of the present study was to investigate the genetic association of PC-1 rs1044498 polymorphism with insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes in the Punjabi population of Pakistan. METHODS This study was carried out on 161 healthy controls and 161 patients of T2DM with insulin resistance. Whole blood was collected for DNA extraction and molecular studies. PCR-RFLP with AvaII was performed to determine the genotype in cases and controls. Chi-square and Hardy Weinberg analyses were carried out. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software. RESULTS The demographic data of cases and controls showed significant differences for different parameters like glucose, insulin, Homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and lipid profiles (p < 0.000). Different statistical models revealed that all the dominant models were found associated in between alleles for disease risk (p < 0.001) while no association of PC-1 rs1044498 (K121Q) polymorphism was found with insulin-resistant parameters in T2DM cases. CONCLUSION Overall, the results indicate that the K121Q polymorphism was not found associated with insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes in a Pakistani Punjabi population. This is the first-ever report about the genotype of PC-1 gene in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ikram Ullah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saqib Mahmood
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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ENPP1 in the Regulation of Mineralization and Beyond. Trends Biochem Sci 2019; 44:616-628. [PMID: 30799235 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
ENPP1 is well known for its role in regulating skeletal and soft tissue mineralization. It primarily exerts its function through the generation of pyrophosphate, a key inhibitor of hydroxyapatite formation. Several previous studies have suggested that ENPP1 also contributes to a range of human diseases including diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and osteoarthritis. In this review, we summarize the pathological roles of ENPP1 in mineralization and these soft tissue disorders. We also discuss the underlying mechanisms through which ENPP1 exerts its pathological effects. A fuller understanding of the pathways through which ENPP1 acts may help to develop novel therapeutic strategies for these commonly diagnosed morbidities.
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8
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K121Q variant in ENPP1 gene is associated with T2DM in the Egyptian population. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-018-0609-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
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Sharafshah A, Keshavarz P, Rezaei S, Farhadian N. Association and in silico studies of ENPP1 gene variants with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Northern Iranian population. Gene 2018; 675:225-232. [PMID: 29958952 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, a sample population of Northern Iranians was selected to investigate the association of K121Q, rs1799774, rs7754561, and rs997509 ENPP1 gene variants and their haplotypes with T2DM. Genomic DNAs of 978 samples were extracted by Salting Out standard technique and then genotyped by the TaqMan assay. The results show significant differences between study groups for K121Q (p = 0.0004) under a Dominant and rs7754561 (p = 0.002) under a co-dominant hereditary model. Based on allele frequency, there was a significant difference between two study groups at K121Q and rs7754561 variants (p = 0.010 and p = 0.01, respectively). There was no evidence for an association between ENPP1 haplotypes and overall risk of T2DM. Genotype-phenotype sub-analyses showed no significant relationship of four studied polymorphisms with age, gender, FBS, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Homology modeling and molecular docking of ENPP1 in K173 and Q173 models with ATP, AMP, and 2'3'-cGAMP as ligands revealed that all ligands had a more binding affinity to Lys173 protein model, and 2'3'-cGAMP had a higher affinity to both ENPP1 protein models compared to ATP and AMP. These findings suggest that ENPP1 gene variants may have a potential impact on the occurrence of T2DM in Northern Iranians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Sharafshah
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Keshavarz
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Sajjad Rezaei
- Department of Psychology, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Nastaran Farhadian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Barna B, Badaruddoza, Kaur M, Bhanwer A. A multifactor dimensionality reduction model of gene polymorphisms and an environmental interaction analysis in type 2 diabetes mellitus study among Punjabi, a North India population. Meta Gene 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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11
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Gorelik A, Randriamihaja A, Illes K, Nagar B. Structural basis for nucleotide recognition by the ectoenzyme CD203c. FEBS J 2018; 285:2481-2494. [PMID: 29717535 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (NPP) enzyme family modulates purinergic signaling by degrading extracellular nucleotides. CD203c (NPP3, ENPP3) regulates the inflammatory response of basophils via ATP hydrolysis and is a marker for allergen sensitivity on the surface of these cells. Multiple other roles and substrates have also been proposed for this protein. In order to gain insight into its molecular functions, we determined the crystal structure of human NPP3 as well as its complex with an ATP analog. The enzyme exhibits little preference for nucleobase type, and forms specific contacts with the alpha and beta phosphate groups of its ligands. Dimerization of the protein does not affect its catalytic activity. These findings expand our understanding of substrate recognition within the NPP family. DATABASE Structural data are available in the Protein Data Bank under the accession numbers 6C01 (human NPP3) and 6C02 (human NPP3 T205A N594S with AMPCPP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Gorelik
- Department of Biochemistry and Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Antsa Randriamihaja
- Department of Biochemistry and Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katalin Illes
- Department of Biochemistry and Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bhushan Nagar
- Department of Biochemistry and Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Ataman AV, Harbuzova VY, Obukhova OA, Dubovyk YI. Analysis of Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase 1 Gene K121Q Polymorphism Association with Some Risk Factors of Atherosclerosis in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. CYTOL GENET+ 2018. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452718020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Caporarello N, Parrino C, Trischitta V, Frittitta L. Insulin receptor signaling and glucagon-like peptide 1 effects on pancreatic beta cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181190. [PMID: 28767692 PMCID: PMC5540605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a potent gluco-incretin hormone, which plays a central role on pancreatic beta cell proliferation, survival and insulin secreting activity and whose analogs are used for treating hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Notably, abnormal insulin signaling affects all the above-mentioned aspects on pancreatic beta cells. The aim of our study was to investigate whether the protective effects of GLP1-1 on beta cells are affected by altered insulin receptor signaling. To this end, several effects of GLP-1 were studied in INS-1E rat beta cells transfected either with an inhibitor of insulin receptor function (i.e., the Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase Phosphodiesterase 1, ENPP1), or with insulin receptor small interfering RNA, as well as in control cells. Crucial experiments were carried out also in a second cell line, namely the βTC-1 mouse beta cells. Our data indicate that in insulin secreting beta cells in which either ENPP1 was up-regulated or insulin receptor was down-regulated, GLP-1 positive effects on several pancreatic beta cell activities, including glucose-induced insulin secretion, cell proliferation and cell survival, were strongly reduced. Further studies are needed to understand whether such a scenario occurs also in humans and, if so, if it plays a role of clinical relevance in diabetic patients with poor responsiveness to GLP-1 related treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia Caporarello
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Parrino
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Trischitta
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine “Sapienza” University, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Frittitta
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Pappalardo MA, Vita R, Di Bari F, Le Donne M, Trimarchi F, Benvenga S. Gly972Arg of IRS-1 and Lys121Gln of PC-1 polymorphisms act in opposite way in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest 2017; 40:367-376. [PMID: 27785750 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-016-0569-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was associated with a number of polymorphisms of genes involved in insulin signaling. So far, they have been studied separately. The aim of this study was to verify the impact of the coexistence of two polymorphisms of insulin signaling. METHODS One hundred consecutive PCOS women (diagnosed by Rotterdam criteria) and 45 age-matched healthy women were genotyped for two polymorphisms: Gly972Arg of IRS-1 and Lys121Gln of PC-1. Also, they underwent clinical evaluation, blood sampling for measurement of metabolic and hormonal indices, and a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). RESULTS Comparing PCOS women with controls, the rate of homo-/heterozygosity was significantly greater (50 vs. 24.5%, P = 0.004) for IRS-1 polymorphism, but insignificantly greater (20 vs. 13.3%, P = 0.33) for PC-1 polymorphism. In PCOS women, compared with controls, the genotypes IRS-1 hetero/PC-1 wild type (WT) (36 vs. 17.8%, P = 0.03) and IRS-1 hetero/PC-1 hetero (14 vs. 6.7%, P = 0.20) were overrepresented at the expense of IRS-1 WT/PC-1 WT (44 vs. 68.8%, P = 0.005), while IRS-1 WT/PC-1 hetero was similarly represented (6 vs. 6.7%). Based on genotype, metabolic and hormonal indices changed significantly. For instance, six indices (HOMA-IR, fasting insulin, insulin area under the curve at OGTT, triglycerides, total and calculated free testosterone) were the highest in IRS-1 hetero/PC-1 WT women. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variations in insulin signaling contribute to the extent and the variability of metabolic and hormonal derangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Pappalardo
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Viale Gazzi, Padiglione H, 4 piano, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - R Vita
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Viale Gazzi, Padiglione H, 4 piano, 98125, Messina, Italy.
| | - F Di Bari
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Viale Gazzi, Padiglione H, 4 piano, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - M Le Donne
- Department of Pediatric, Gynecological, Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - F Trimarchi
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Viale Gazzi, Padiglione H, 4 piano, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - S Benvenga
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Viale Gazzi, Padiglione H, 4 piano, 98125, Messina, Italy
- Master Program on Childhood, Adolescence and Women's Endocrine Health, University of Messina, Viale Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Women's Endocrine Health, A.O.U. Policlinico G. Martino, Viale Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
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Hsiao TJ, Lin E. The ENPP1 K121Q polymorphism is associated with type 2 diabetes and related metabolic phenotypes in a Taiwanese population. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 433:20-5. [PMID: 27238374 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been associated with a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs1044498 (K121Q), in the ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) gene, but this association is unclear among Asians. In this replication study, we reassessed whether the ENPP1 rs1044498 SNP is associated with T2D, obesity, and T2D/obesity-related metabolic traits in a Taiwanese population. A total of 1513 Taiwanese subjects were assessed in this study. The ENPP1 rs1044498 SNP was genotyped by the Taqman assay. T2D/Obesity-related quantitative traits, such as waist circumference and fasting glucose, were measured. Our data showed a significant association of the ENPP1 rs1044498 SNP with T2D (P < 0.001) among the subjects. Moreover, the ENPP1 rs1044498 SNP was significantly associated with T2D/obesity-related metabolic traits, such as waist circumference (P = 0.002) and fasting glucose (P < 0.001), among the subjects. However, we found no association of ENPP1 rs1044498 with obesity (BMI ≧ 27 kg/m(2)). Our study indicates that the ENPP1 rs1044498 SNP is associated with T2D, waist circumference, and fasting glucose in Taiwanese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tun-Jen Hsiao
- College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Eugene Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Vita Genomics, Inc., Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; TickleFish Systems Corporation, Seattle, USA.
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Stella J, Buers I, van de Wetering K, Höhne W, Rutsch F, Nitschke Y. Effects of Different Variants in the ENPP1 Gene on the Functional Properties of Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase Family Member 1. Hum Mutat 2016; 37:1190-1201. [PMID: 27467858 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 1 (E-NPP1), encoded by ENPP1, is a plasma membrane protein that generates inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi ), a physiologic inhibitor of hydroxyapatite formation. In humans, variants in ENPP1 are associated with generalized arterial calcification of infancy, an autosomal-recessive condition causing premature onset of arterial calcification and intimal proliferation resulting in stenoses. ENPP1 variants also cause pseudoxanthoma elasticum characterized by ectopic calcification of soft connective tissues. To determine the functional impact of ENPP1 missense variants, we analyzed 13 putative pathogenic variants in vitro regarding their functional properties, that is, activity, localization, and PPi generation. Transfection of eight of the 13 variants led to complete loss of NPP activity, whereas four mutants (c.1412A > G, p.Tyr471Cys; c.1510A > C, p.Ser504Arg; c.1976A > G, p.Tyr659Cys; c.2330A > G, p.His777Arg) showed residual activity compared with wild-type E-NPP1. One putative pathologic variant (c.2462 G > A, p.Arg821His) showed normal activity. The five mutants with normal or residual E-NPP1 enzyme activity were still able to generate PPi and localized in the plasma membrane. In this study, we identified a functional ENPP1 polymorphism, which was expected to be pathogenic till now. Furthermore, we identified four mutants (p.Tyr471Cys, p.Ser504Arg, p.Tyr659Cys, p.His777Arg) with residual E-NPP1 function, which would be potential therapeutical targets for conformational-stabilizing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Stella
- Department of General Pediatrics, Muenster University Children's Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Muenster, 48149, Germany
| | - Insa Buers
- Department of General Pediatrics, Muenster University Children's Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Muenster, 48149, Germany
| | - Koen van de Wetering
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Höhne
- Cologne Center of Genomics, Koeln University, Zuelpicher Strasse 47, Koeln, 50674, Germany
| | - Frank Rutsch
- Department of General Pediatrics, Muenster University Children's Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Muenster, 48149, Germany.
| | - Yvonne Nitschke
- Department of General Pediatrics, Muenster University Children's Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Muenster, 48149, Germany
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Cecelja M, Jiang B, Mangino M, Spector TD, Chowienczyk PJ. Association of Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Change in Arterial Stiffness With Gene Expression in the Twins UK Cohort. Hypertension 2015; 67:70-6. [PMID: 26573706 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether expression of genes previously implicated in arterial stiffening associates with cross-sectional and longitudinal measures of arterial stiffness. Women from the Twins UK cohort (n=470, aged 39-81 years) had gene expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines measured using an Illumina microarray. Arterial stiffness was measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and carotid distensibility. A subsample (n=121) of women had repeat vascular measures after a mean±SD follow-up of 4.3±1.4 years. Associations of arterial phenotypes with gene expression levels were examined for 52 genes identified from previous association studies. The gene transcript most closely associated with pulse wave velocity in cross-sectional analysis was ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (P=0.012). Pleiotropic genetic effects accounted for 14% of the phenotypic correlation between ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase expression and pulse wave velocity. Progression of pulse wave velocity during the follow-up period best related to expression of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (β=0.19, P=0.008) and collagen type IV α 1 (β=0.32, P<0.0001). Gene transcripts most closely related to change in carotid distensibility during the follow-up period were endothelial nitric oxide synthase (β=-0.20, P=0.005), angiotensin-converting enzyme (β=-0.15, P=0.035), and B-cell CLL/lymphoma11B (β=0.18, P=0.010). Expression levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme also related to progression in carotid diameter (β=0.21, P=0.012). Expression levels of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase, involved in arterial calcification, and collagen type IV α 1, involved in collagen formation, correlate with aortic stiffening. These genes may be functional mediators of arterial stiffening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cecelja
- From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre (M.C., B.Y., P.J.C.) and Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London (M.M., T.D.S.), St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (M.M.)
| | - Benyu Jiang
- From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre (M.C., B.Y., P.J.C.) and Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London (M.M., T.D.S.), St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (M.M.)
| | - Massimo Mangino
- From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre (M.C., B.Y., P.J.C.) and Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London (M.M., T.D.S.), St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (M.M.)
| | - Tim D Spector
- From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre (M.C., B.Y., P.J.C.) and Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London (M.M., T.D.S.), St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (M.M.)
| | - Phil J Chowienczyk
- From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre (M.C., B.Y., P.J.C.) and Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London (M.M., T.D.S.), St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (M.M.).
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18
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Abstract
Recent developments in endocrinology, made possible by the combination of mouse genetics, integrative physiology and clinical observations have resulted in rapid and unanticipated advances in the field of skeletal biology. Indeed, the skeleton, classically viewed as a structural scaffold necessary for mobility, and regulator of calcium-phosphorus homoeostasis and maintenance of the haematopoietic niche has now been identified as an important regulator of male fertility and whole-body glucose metabolism, in addition to the classical insulin target tissues. These seminal findings confirm bone to be a true endocrine organ. This review is intended to detail the key events commencing from the elucidation of osteocalcin (OC) in bone metabolism to identification of new and emerging candidates that may regulate energy metabolism independently of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Oldknow
- Developmental BiologyThe Roslin Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - V E MacRae
- Developmental BiologyThe Roslin Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Farquharson
- Developmental BiologyThe Roslin Institute, Edinburgh, UK
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19
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Meltzer D, Gottlieb HE, Amir A, Shimon LJW, Fischer B. Novel crown-ether–methylenediphosphonotetrathioate hybrids as Zn( ii) chelators. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:21073-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03935e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A 13-membered methylenediphosphonotetrathioate–crown ether hybrid is a water-soluble, air-stable, high-affinity Zn(ii)-chelator, exhibiting selectivity to Zn(ii)vs.Mg(ii), Na(i), and Li(i).
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Meltzer
- Department of Chemistry
- Bar Ilan University
- Ramat Gan
- Israel
| | | | - Aviran Amir
- Department of Chemistry
- Bar Ilan University
- Ramat Gan
- Israel
| | - Linda J. W. Shimon
- Department of Chemical Research Support
- the Weizmann Institute of Science
- Rehovot 76100
- Israel
| | - Bilha Fischer
- Department of Chemistry
- Bar Ilan University
- Ramat Gan
- Israel
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20
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Takabayashi S, Seto S, Katoh H. A new Enpp1 allele, Enpp1(ttw-Ham), identified in an ICR closed colony. Exp Anim 2014; 63:193-204. [PMID: 24770645 PMCID: PMC4160980 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.63.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently have reported on a novel ankylosis gene that is closely linked to the Enpp1 (ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1) gene on chromosome 10. Here, we have discovered novel mutant mice in a Jcl:ICR closed colony with ankylosis in the toes of the forelimbs at about 3 weeks of age. The mutant mice exhibited rigidity in almost all joints, including the vertebral column, which increased with age. These mice also showed hypogrowth with age after 16 weeks due to a loss of visceral fat, which may have been caused by poor nutrition. Histological examination and soft X-ray imaging demonstrated the ectopic ossification of various joints in the mutant mice. In particular, increased calcium deposits were observed in the joints of the toes, the carpal bones and the vertebral column. We sequenced all exons and exon/intron boundaries of Enpp1 in the normal and mutant mice, and identified a G-to-T substitution (c.259+1G>T) in the 5' splice donor site of intron 2 in the Enpp1 gene of the mutant mice. This substitution led to the skipping of exon 2 (73 bp), which generated a stop codon at position 354 bp (amino acid 62) of the cDNA (p.V63Xfs). Nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase (NPPH) activity of ENPP1 in the mutant mice was also decreased, suggesting that Enpp1 gene function is disrupted in this novel mutant. The mutant mice reported in this study will be a valuable animal model for future studies of human osteochondral diseases and malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Takabayashi
- Institute for Experimental Animals, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
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21
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Kang JY, Sung SH, Lee YJ, Choi TI, Choi SJ. Impact of ENPP1 K121Q on change of insulin resistance after web-based intervention in Korean men with diabetes and impaired fasting glucose. J Korean Med Sci 2014; 29:1353-9. [PMID: 25368487 PMCID: PMC4214934 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2014.29.10.1353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectoenzyme nucleotide pyrophosphate phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) gene has been studied in relation to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and insulin resistance (IR). We hypothesized that the difference in genotype may be one of the factors that affect the outcome of intervention. We genotyped 448 men with fasting glucose≥5.6 mM/L, including 371 in subjects with K allele (KK) (69 control group [CG]; and 302 intervention group [IG]) and 77 in subjects with Q allele (KQ+QQ) (13 CG and 64 IG). The web-based intervention based on a lifestyle modification was delivered by e-mail once a month for 10 months. In the KK, IG demonstrated significantly decreased levels of fasting serum insulin (FSI) as compared to CG and homeostasis model of assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). In the KQ+QQ IG group, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), FSI and HOMA-IR were significantly decreased, and showed further reduction in the HOMA-IR than KQ+QQ CG. After analysis of covariance, K121Q did significantly influence the change of HbA1c in CG after appropriate adjustment. In a multivariate model, BMI change predicted HOMA-IR change (adjusted β=0.801; P=0.022) in KK IG subjects with T2DM. ENPP1 K121Q did not influence the change in IR. However, individuals with T2DM carrying the K121 variant are very responsive to the effect of BMI reduction on HOMA-IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Kang
- Radiation Health Research Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Sook Hee Sung
- Radiation Health Research Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon Ju Lee
- Radiation Health Research Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae In Choi
- Central Research Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seung Jin Choi
- Radiation Health Research Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
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22
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Catalano KJ, Maddux BA, Szary J, Youngren JF, Goldfine ID, Schaufele F. Insulin resistance induced by hyperinsulinemia coincides with a persistent alteration at the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase domain. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108693. [PMID: 25259572 PMCID: PMC4178179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance, the diminished response of target tissues to insulin, is associated with the metabolic syndrome and a predisposition towards diabetes in a growing proportion of the worldwide population. Under insulin resistant states, the cellular response of the insulin signaling pathway is diminished and the body typically responds by increasing serum insulin concentrations to maintain insulin signaling. Some evidence indicates that the increased insulin concentration may itself further dampen insulin response. If so, insulin resistance would worsen as the level of circulating insulin increases during compensation, which could contribute to the transition of insulin resistance to more severe disease. Here, we investigated the consequences of excess insulin exposure to insulin receptor (IR) activity. Cells chronically exposed to insulin show a diminished the level of IR tyrosine and serine autophosphorylation below that observed after short-term insulin exposure. The diminished IR response did not originate with IR internalization since IR amounts at the cell membrane were similar after short- and long-term insulin incubation. Förster resonance energy transfer between fluorophores attached to the IR tyrosine kinase (TK) domain showed that a change in the TK domain occurred upon prolonged, but not short-term, insulin exposure. Even though the altered ‘insulin refractory’ IR TK FRET and IR autophosphorylation levels returned to baseline (non-stimulated) levels after wash-out of the original insulin stimulus, subsequent short-term exposure to insulin caused immediate re-establishment of the insulin-refractory levels. This suggests that some cell-based ‘memory’ of chronic hyperinsulinemic exposure acts directly at the IR. An improved understanding of that memory may help define interventions to reset the IR to full insulin responsiveness and impede the progression of insulin resistance to more severe disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyn J. Catalano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Betty A. Maddux
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jaroslaw Szary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jack F. Youngren
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ira D. Goldfine
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Fred Schaufele
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Prakash J, Mittal B, Awasthi S, Agarwal CG, Srivastava N. K121Q ENPP1/PC-1 gene polymorphism is associated with insulin resistance in a North Indian population. J Genet 2014; 92:571-6. [PMID: 24371178 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-013-0287-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jai Prakash
- Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226 003, India.
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24
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Nadel Y, Lecka J, Gilad Y, Ben-David G, Förster D, Reiser G, Kenigsberg S, Camden J, Weisman GA, Senderowitz H, Sévigny J, Fischer B. Highly potent and selective ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase I inhibitors based on an adenosine 5'-(α or γ)-thio-(α,β- or β,γ)-methylenetriphosphate scaffold. J Med Chem 2014; 57:4677-91. [PMID: 24846781 DOI: 10.1021/jm500196c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 (NPP1) activity is associated with chondrocalcinosis, osteoarthritis, and type 2 diabetes. The potential of NPP1 inhibitors as therapeutic agents, and the scarceness of their structure-activity relationship, encouraged us to develop new NPP1 inhibitors. Specifically, we synthesized ATP-α-thio-β,γ-CH2 (1), ATP-α-thio-β,γ-CCl2 (2), ATP-α-CH2-γ-thio (3), and 8-SH-ATP (4) and established their resistance to hydrolysis by NPP1,3 and NTPDase1,2,3,8 (<5% hydrolysis) (NTPDase = ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase). Analogues 1-3 at 100 μM inhibited thymidine 5'-monophosphate p-nitrophenyl ester hydrolysis by NPP1 and NPP3 by >90% and 23-43%, respectively, and only slightly affected (0-40%) hydrolysis of ATP by NTPDase1,2,3,8. Analogue 3 is the most potent NPP1 inhibitor currently known, Ki = 20 nM and IC50 = 0.39 μM. Analogue 2a is a selective NPP1 inhibitor with Ki = 685 nM and IC50 = 0.57 μM. Analogues 1-3 were found mostly to be nonagonists of P2Y1/P2Y2/P2Y11 receptors. Docking analogues 1-3 into the NPP1 model suggested that activity correlates with the number of H-bonds with binding site residues. In conclusion, we propose analogues 2a and 3 as highly promising NPP1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Nadel
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University , Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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25
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Abstract
The insulin receptor (IR) is an important hub in insulin signaling and its activation is tightly regulated. Upon insulin stimulation, IR is activated through autophosphorylation, and consequently phosphorylates several insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins, including IRS1-6, Shc and Gab1. Certain adipokines have also been found to activate IR. On the contrary, PTP, Grb and SOCS proteins, which are responsible for the negative regulation of IR, are characterized as IR inhibitors. Additionally, many other proteins have been identified as IR substrates and participate in the insulin signaling pathway. To provide a more comprehensive understanding of the signals mediated through IR, we reviewed the upstream and downstream signal molecules of IR, summarized the positive and negative modulators of IR, and discussed the IR substrates and interacting adaptor proteins. We propose that the molecular events associated with IR should be integrated to obtain a better understanding of the insulin signaling pathway and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Du
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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26
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Tang ST, Shen XR, Tang HQ, Wang CJ, Wei W, Zhang Q, Wang Y. Association of the ENPP1 K121Q polymorphism with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in different populations: evidence based on 40 studies. Endocr J 2014; 61:1093-103. [PMID: 25109753 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej14-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The K121Q gene polymorphism of ectoenzyme nucleotide pyrophosphate phosphodiesterase 1(ENPP1) has been widely investigated, however, results have been somewhat conflicting. The aim of this meta-analysis was to establish a precise estimation of the association between ENPP1 gene polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes (T2D). A literature search in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and China Biology Medicine (CBM) databases was conducted on publications published prior to November 21(st), 2013. The combined odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) was calculated to estimate the strength of the association using a random-effects/fixed-effects model. Statistical analyses were performed using the STATA 11.0 software. For the overall population, there was a significant association between ENPP1 gene polymorphisms and T2D when comparing the Q allele versus K allele (OR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.16-1.44, p = 0.000). Considering diverse ethnic groups, effect sizes were consistent for patients of Caucasian and Asian descent (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.08-1.33 and OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.15-1.89, respectively); however, effect size was not consistent for those of African descent. Under other models of inheritance, significant associations were also observed. Sensitivity analyses did not leading to differing he results. In summary, the Q allele of the ENPP1 K121Q gene may contribute to the susceptibility for T2D in Caucasians and Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Tao Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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27
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Shaker OG, Ismail MF. Association of Genetic Variants of MTHFR, ENPP1, and ADIPOQ with Myocardial Infarction in Egyptian Patients. Cell Biochem Biophys 2013; 69:265-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9794-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Meltzer D, Nadel Y, Lecka J, Amir A, Sévigny J, Fischer B. Nucleoside-(5'→P) methylenebisphosphonodithioate analogues: synthesis and chemical properties. J Org Chem 2013; 78:8320-9. [PMID: 23895237 DOI: 10.1021/jo400931n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside-(5'→P) methylenebisphosphonodithioate analogues are bioisosteres of natural nucleotides. The potential therapeutic applications of these analogues are limited by their relative instability. With a view toward improving their chemical and metabolic stability as well as their affinity toward zinc ions, we developed a novel nucleotide scaffold, nucleoside-5'-tetrathiobisphosphonate. We synthesized P1-(uridine/adenosine-5')-methylenebisphosphonodithioate, 2 and 3, and P1,P2-di(uridine/adenosine-5')-methylenebisphosphonodithioate, 4 and 5. Using (1)H and (31)P NMR-monitored Zn(2+)/Mg(2+) titrations, we found that 5 coordinated Zn(2+) by both N7 nitrogen atoms and both dithiophosphonate moieties, whereas 3 coordinated Zn(2+) by an N7 nitrogen atom and Pβ. Both 3 and 5 did not coordinate Mg(2+) ions. (31)P NMR-monitored kinetic studies showed that 3 was more stable at pD 1.5 than 5, with t(1/2) of 44 versus 9 h, respectively, and at pD 11 both showed no degradation for at least 2 weeks. However, 5 was more stable than 3 under an air-oxidizing atmosphere, with t1/2 of at least 3 days versus 14 h, respectively. Analogues 3 and 5 were highly stable to NPP1,3 and NTPDase1,2,3,8 hydrolysis (0-7%). However, they were found to be poor ectonucleotidase inhibitors. Although 3 and 5 did not prove to be effective inhibitors of zinc-containing NPP1/3, which is involved in the pathology of osteoarthritis and diabetes, they may be promising zinc chelators for the treatment of other health disorders involving an excess of zinc ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Meltzer
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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29
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Saxena R, Welt C. Polycystic ovary syndrome is not associated with genetic variants that mark risk of type 2 diabetes. Acta Diabetol 2013; 50:451-7. [PMID: 22389004 PMCID: PMC3679224 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-012-0383-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder of irregular menses, hyperandrogenism and/or polycystic ovary morphology. A large proportion of women with PCOS also exhibit insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, impaired glucose tolerance and/or type 2 diabetes (T2D). We therefore hypothesized that genetic variants that predispose to risk of T2D also result in risk of PCOS. Variants robustly associated with T2D in candidate gene or genome-wide association studies (GWAS; n = 56 SNPs from 33 loci) were genotyped in women of European ancestry with PCOS (n = 525) and controls (n = 472), aged 18-45 years. Metabolic, reproductive and anthropomorphic data were examined as a function of the T2D variants. All genetic association analyses were adjusted for age, BMI and ancestry and were reported after correction for multiple testing. There was a nominal association between variants in KCNJ11 and risk of PCOS. However, a risk score of 33 independent T2D-associated variants from GWAS was not significantly associated with PCOS. T2D variants were associated with PCOS phenotype parameters including those in THADA and WFS1 with testosterone levels, ENPP/PC1 with triglyceride levels, FTO with glucose levels and KCNJ11 with FSH levels. Diabetes risk variants are not important risk variants for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C.K. Welt
- Corresponding author and person to who reprint requests should be addressed. Corrine Welt, Reproductive Endocrine, BHX 511, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA, Phone: 617-726-8437, Fax: 617-726-5357,
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30
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Maranghi M, Prudente S, D'Erasmo L, Morini E, Ciociola E, Coletta P, Verrienti A, Arciello S, Copetti M, Pellegrini F, Santini SA, Morano S, Filetti S, Trischitta V. The ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) K121Q polymorphism modulates the beneficial effect of weight loss on fasting glucose in non-diabetic individuals. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:505-510. [PMID: 22402064 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Several studies have reported that the ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) K121Q polymorphism (rs1044498) interacts with increased adiposity in affecting glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Conversely, one would expect that the amelioration of glucose homeostasis observed after weight loss is modulated by the ENPP1 K121Q polymorphism. The aim of our study was to test such hypothesis, in non-diabetic overweight-obese individuals. METHODS AND RESULTS Two hundred eleven non-diabetic overweight-obese individuals were studied. Body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR index) and lipid levels were obtained before and after 6-week lifestyle intervention (LI; diet and exercise) and their changes calculated as baseline minus 6-week values. LI decreased BMI, glucose, HOMA-IR and triglyceride levels (p < 0.001 for all). No difference across genotype groups (160 KK and 51 KQ or QQ - named as XQ - individuals) was observed in these changes. In a multivariate model, BMI changes predicted fasting glucose changes (β = 0.139 mmol/L (2.50 mg/dl) for 1 unit BMI change, p = 0.005). This correlation was not significant among KK individuals (β = 0.082; p = 0.15), while much steeper and highly significant among XQ individuals (β = 0.336; p = 0.00008) (p-value for Q121-by-weight loss interaction = 0.047). CONCLUSION Individuals carrying the ENPP1 Q121 variant are highly responsive to the effect of weight loss on fasting glucose. This reinforces the previously suggested hypothesis that the Q121 variant interacts with adiposity in modulating glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maranghi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Prudente S, Morini E, Marselli L, Baratta R, Copetti M, Mendonca C, Andreozzi F, Chandalia M, Pellegrini F, Bailetti D, Alberico F, Shah H, Abate N, Sesti G, Frittitta L, Marchetti P, Doria A, Trischitta V. Joint effect of insulin signaling genes on insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:E1143-7. [PMID: 23633196 PMCID: PMC6618023 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-4282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Reduced insulin signaling in insulin secreting β-cells causes defective insulin secretion and hyperglycemia in mice. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether functional polymorphisms affecting insulin signaling (ie, ENPP1 K121Q, rs1044498; IRS1 G972R, rs1801278; and TRIB3 Q84R, rs2295490) exert a joint effect on insulin secretion and abnormal glucose homeostasis (AGH). DESIGN Insulin secretion was evaluated by 1) the disposition index (DI) from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 829 individuals; 2) insulin secretion stimulation index (SI) in islets from nondiabetic donors after glucose (n = 92) or glibenclamide (n = 89) stimulation. AGH (including impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes; T2D) was evaluated in case-control studies from the GENetics of Type 2 Diabetes in Italy and the United States (GENIUS T2D) Consortium (n = 6607). RESULTS Genotype risk score, obtained by totaling individual weighted risk allele effects, was associated with the following: 1) DI (P = .005); 2) glucose and glibenclamide SI (P = .046 and P = .009); or 3) AGH (odds ratio 1.08, 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.13; P = .001). We observed an inverse relationship between genetic effect and age at AGH onset, as indicated by a linear correlation between AGH-genotype risk score odds ratios and age-at-diagnosis cutoffs (R(2) = 0.80, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Functional polymorphisms affecting insulin signaling exert a joint effect on both in vivo and in vitro insulin secretion as well as on early-onset AGH. Our data provide further evidence that abnormal insulin signaling reduces β-cell function and impairs glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Prudente
- Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza-Mendel Laboratory, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
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Marucci A, Cozzolino F, Dimatteo C, Monti M, Pucci P, Trischitta V, Di Paola R. Role of GALNT2 in the modulation of ENPP1 expression, and insulin signaling and action: GALNT2: a novel modulator of insulin signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2013; 1833:1388-95. [PMID: 23500900 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) inhibits insulin signaling and action. Understanding the mechanisms underlying ENPP1 expression may help unravel molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance. Recent data suggest a role of ENPP1-3'untraslated region (UTR), in controlling ENPP1 expression. We sought to identify trans-acting ENPP1-3'UTR binding proteins, and investigate their role on insulin signaling. By RNA pull-down, 49 proteins bound to ENPP1-3'UTR RNA were identified by mass spectrometry (MS). Among these, in silico analysis of genome wide association studies and expression profile datasets pointed to N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 gene (GALNT2) for subsequent investigations. Gene expression levels were evaluated by RT-PCR. Protein expression levels, IRS-1 and Akt phosphorylation were evaluated by Western blot. Insulin receptor (IR) autophosphorylation was evaluated by ELISA. GALNT2 down-regulation increased while GALNT2 over-expression reduced ENPP1 expression levels. In addition, GALNT2 down-regulation reduced insulin stimulation of IR, IRS-1 and Akt phosphorylation and insulin inhibition of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) expression, a key neoglucogenetic enzyme. Our data point to GALNT2 as a novel factor involved in the modulation of ENPP1 expression as well as insulin signaling and action in human liver HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Marucci
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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Variants of insulin-signaling inhibitor genes in type 2 diabetes and related metabolic abnormalities. Int J Genomics 2013; 2013:376454. [PMID: 23762820 PMCID: PMC3674720 DOI: 10.1155/2013/376454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance has a central role in the pathogenesis of several metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, obesity, glucose intolerance, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases. Insulin resistance and related traits are likely to be caused by abnormalities in the genes encoding for proteins involved in the composite network of insulin-signaling; in this review we have focused our attention on genetic variants of insulin-signaling inhibitor molecules. These proteins interfere with different steps in insulin-signaling: ENPP1/PC-1 and the phosphatases PTP1B and PTPRF/LAR inhibit the insulin receptor activation; INPPL1/SHIP-2 hydrolyzes PI3-kinase products, hampering the phosphoinositide-mediated downstream signaling; and TRIB3 binds the serine-threonine kinase Akt, reducing its phosphorylation levels. While several variants have been described over the years for all these genes, solid evidence of an association with type 2 diabetes and related diseases seems to exist only for rs1044498 of the ENPP1 gene and for rs2295490 of the TRIB3 gene. However, overall the data recapitulated in this Review article may supply useful elements to interpret the results of novel, more technically advanced genetic studies; indeed it is becoming increasingly evident that genetic information on metabolic diseases should be interpreted taking into account the complex biological pathways underlying their pathogenesis.
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Dimatteo C, Marucci A, Palazzo A, Cisternino C, Marsano RM, Trischitta V, Di Paola R. Role of somatomedin-B-like domains on ENPP1 inhibition of insulin signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1833:552-8. [PMID: 23098853 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The exact mechanism by which ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) inhibits insulin signaling is not known. ENPP1 contains two somatomedin-B-like domains (i.e. SMB 1 and 2) involved in ENPP1 dimerization in animal cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate if these domains modulate ENPP1 inhibitory activity on insulin signaling in human insulin target cells (HepG2). ENPP1 (ENPP1-3'myc), ENPP1 deleted of SMB 1 (ENPP1-ΔI-3'myc) or of SMB 2 (ENPP1-ΔII-3'myc) domain were cloned in frame with myc tag in mammalian expression vector pRK5. Plasmids were transiently transfected in human liver HepG2 cells. ENPP1 inhibitory activity on insulin signaling, dimerization and protein-protein interaction with insulin receptor (IR), reported to mediate the modulation of ENPP1 inhibitory activity, were studied. As compared to untransfected cells, a progressive increase of ENPP1 inhibitory activity on insulin-induced IR β-subunit autophosphorylation and on Akt-S(473) phosphorylation was observed in ENPP1-3'myc, ENPP1-ΔI-3'myc and ENPP1-ΔII-3'myc cells. Under non reducing conditions a 260 kDa homodimer, indicating ENPP1 dimerization, was observed. The ratio of non reduced (260 kDa) to reduced (130 kDa) ENPP1 was significantly decreased by two thirds in ENPP1-ΔII-3'myc vs. ENPP1-3'myc but not in ENPP1-ΔI-3'myc. A similar ENPP1/IR interaction was detectable by co-immunoprecipitation in ENPP1-3'myc, ENPP1-ΔI-3'myc and ENPP1-ΔII-3'myc cells. In conclusion, SMB 1 and SMB 2 are negative modulators of ENPP1 inhibitory activity on insulin signaling. For SMB 2 such effect might be mediated by a positive role on protein dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Dimatteo
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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Bacci S, Prudente S, Copetti M, Spoto B, Rizza S, Baratta R, Di Pietro N, Morini E, Di Paola R, Testa A, Mallamaci F, Tripepi G, Zhang YY, Mercuri L, Di Silvestre S, Lauro R, Malatino L, Consoli A, Pellegrini F, Pandolfi A, Frittitta L, Zoccali C, Federici M, Doria A, Trischitta V. Joint effect of insulin signaling genes on cardiovascular events and on whole body and endothelial insulin resistance. Atherosclerosis 2012; 226:140-5. [PMID: 23107043 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance (IR) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) share a common soil. We investigated the combined role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affecting insulin signaling (ENPP1 K121Q, rs1044498; IRS1 G972R, rs1801278; TRIB3 Q84R, rs2295490) on CVD, age at myocardial infarction (MI), in vivo insulin sensitivity and in vitro insulin-stimulated nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity. DESIGN AND SETTING 1. We first studied, incident cardiovascular events (a composite endpoint comprising myocardial infarction-MI, stroke and cardiovascular death) in 733 patients (2186 person-years, 175 events). 2. In a replication attempt, age at MI was tested in 331 individuals. 3. OGTT-derived insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was assessed in 829 individuals with fasting glucose <126 mg/dl. 4. NOS activity was measured in 40 strains of human vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). RESULTS 1. Risk variants jointly predicted cardiovascular events (HR = 1.181; p = 0.0009) and, when added to clinical risk factors, significantly improved survival C-statistics; they also allowed a significantly correct reclassification (by net reclassification index) in the whole sample (135/733 individuals) and, even more, in obese patients (116/204 individuals). 2. Risk variants were jointly associated with age at MI (p = 0.006). 3. A significant association was also observed with ISI (p = 0.02). 4. Finally, risk variants were jointly associated with insulin-stimulated NOS activity in HUVECs (p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Insulin signaling genes variants jointly affect cardiovascular disease, very likely by promoting whole body and endothelium-specific insulin resistance. Further studies are needed to address whether their genotyping help identify very high-risk patients who need specific and/or more aggressive preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Bacci
- Clinical Unit of Endocrinology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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Sortica DA, Crispim D, Zaffari GP, Friedman R, Canani LH. The role of ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 in diabetic nephropathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 55:677-85. [PMID: 22231969 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302011000900002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus has caused a rise in the occurrence of its chronic complications, such as diabetic nephropathy (DN), which is associated with elevated morbidity and mortality. Familial aggregation studies have demonstrated that besides the known environmental risk factors, DN has a major genetic component. Therefore, it is necessary to identify genes associated with risk for or protection against DN. Ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) is expressed in several tissues, including the kidneys. Increased levels of ENPP1 expression inhibit tyrosine-kinase activity of the insulin receptor in several cell types, leading to insulin resistance. K121Q polymorphism of the ENPP1 gene seems to be associated with insulin resistance and DN development. The elucidation of genetic factors and their associations will provide better understanding of the pathogenesis of DN and, may consequently, lead to a more effective approach to prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Alves Sortica
- Endocrinology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Crystal structure of Enpp1, an extracellular glycoprotein involved in bone mineralization and insulin signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:16876-81. [PMID: 23027977 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1208017109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Enpp1 is a membrane-bound glycoprotein that regulates bone mineralization by hydrolyzing extracellular nucleotide triphosphates to produce pyrophosphate. Enpp1 dysfunction causes human diseases characterized by ectopic calcification. Enpp1 also inhibits insulin signaling, and an Enpp1 polymorphism is associated with insulin resistance. However, the precise mechanism by which Enpp1 functions in these cellular processes remains elusive. Here, we report the crystal structures of the extracellular region of mouse Enpp1 in complex with four different nucleotide monophosphates, at resolutions of 2.7-3.2 Å. The nucleotides are accommodated in a pocket formed by an insertion loop in the catalytic domain, explaining the preference of Enpp1 for an ATP substrate. Structural mapping of disease-associated mutations indicated the functional importance of the interdomain interactions. A structural comparison of Enpp1 with Enpp2, a lysophospholipase D, revealed marked differences in the domain arrangements and active-site architectures. Notably, the Enpp1 mutant lacking the insertion loop lost the nucleotide-hydrolyzing activity but instead gained the lysophospholipid-hydrolyzing activity of Enpp2. Our findings provide structural insights into how the Enpp family proteins evolved to exert their diverse cellular functions.
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Li YY. ENPP1 K121Q polymorphism and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Chinese population: a meta-analysis including 11,855 subjects. Metabolism 2012; 61:625-33. [PMID: 22136912 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ectoenzyme nucleotide pyrophosphate phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) K121Q gene polymorphism has been suggested to be associated with the increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), but relevant research results are still contradictory. To explore the relationship between ENPP1 K121Q gene polymorphism and T2D in the Chinese population, a meta-analysis was performed. Fourteen independent studies involving 11 855 subjects were retrieved from electronic databases. The pooled odds ratio (ORs) for the distribution of Q allele frequency of the ENPP1 K121Q gene and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were assessed using a random-effects model. Under an allelic model of inheritance, the distribution of Q allele frequency was 0.107 for the T2D group and 0.093 for the control group. The pooled OR for the distribution of Q allele frequency of ENPP1 K121Q gene was 1.29 (95% CI, 1.09-1.53; P(heterogeneity) = .006; I(2) = 55.6%). There was a significant association between ENPP1 K121Q gene polymorphism and T2D in the Chinese population (P = .003). Under a dominant model of inheritance, the KQ + QQ/KK value was 0.259 for the T2D group and 0.220 for the control group. The pooled OR for the KQ + QQ/KK value was 1.51 (95% CI, 1.20-1.91; P(heterogeneity) < .0001; I(2) = 71.8%). The association between ENPP1 K121Q gene polymorphism and T2D in the Chinese population followed a dominant model of inheritance (P = .0005). In the Chinese population, the ENPP1 K121Q gene polymorphism was implied to be involved with T2D susceptibility. People with the Q allele of the ENPP1 K121Q gene might be predisposed to T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-yan Li
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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Shi X, Wang L, Jin F, Sun J, Sun L, Tang L, Yang Z. The ENPP1 K121Q polymorphism is not associated with type 2 diabetes in northern Chinese. Acta Diabetol 2011; 48:303-310. [PMID: 21452007 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-011-0281-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The K121Q polymorphism of the ectoenzyme nucleotide pyrophosphate phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) gene has been studied in relation to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, and conflicting results were observed in various populations. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of K121Q polymorphism of ENPP1 gene and to clarify whether this polymorphism is associated with type 2 diabetes susceptibility in northern Chinese population. We studied the association of the ENPP1 K121Q polymorphism with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in 639 unrelated patients and 885 control subjects with normal glucose tolerance of northern China. The patients were diagnosed in accordance with the guidelines of the American Diabetes Association (ADA). Genotypes were determined by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The distribution of KK, KQ, and QQ genotypes among patients was 79.5, 19.2, and 1.3%, similar to that of the control group (79.2, 20.1, and 0.7%). After readjusting for the confounding effects of age, gender, and BMI, no significant effect of genotypes on T2D was found for any of the genetic models tested (recessive model, dominant model, or additive model). All clinical characteristics tested were similar among the different genotypes, and no significant associations were observed both in T2D patients and in controls. When subgroup analyses of T2D patients and non-diabetic controls were stratified according to BMI and waist circumference, the variant was still not associated with T2D. The results showed that the ENPP1 K121Q polymorphism is not associated with genetic susceptibility of type 2 diabetes in the northern Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Junfeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ze Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Di Paola R, Caporarello N, Marucci A, Dimatteo C, Iadicicco C, Del Guerra S, Prudente S, Sudano D, Miele C, Parrino C, Piro S, Beguinot F, Marchetti P, Trischitta V, Frittitta L. ENPP1 affects insulin action and secretion: evidences from in vitro studies. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19462. [PMID: 21573217 PMCID: PMC3088669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to deeper investigate the mechanisms through which
ENPP1, a negative modulator of insulin receptor (IR) activation, plays a role on
insulin signaling, insulin secretion and eventually glucose metabolism. ENPP1
cDNA (carrying either K121 or Q121 variant) was transfected in HepG2 liver-, L6
skeletal muscle- and INS1E beta-cells. Insulin-induced IR-autophosphorylation
(HepG2, L6, INS1E), Akt-Ser473,
ERK1/2-Thr202/Tyr204 and GSK3-beta Ser9
phosphorylation (HepG2, L6), PEPCK mRNA levels (HepG2) and
2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake (L6) was studied. GLUT 4 mRNA
(L6), insulin secretion and caspase-3 activation (INS1E) were also investigated.
Insulin-induced IR-autophosphorylation was decreased in HepG2-K, L6-K, INS1E-K
(20%, 52% and 11% reduction vs. untransfected cells) and
twice as much in HepG2-Q, L6-Q, INS1E-Q (44%, 92% and 30%).
Similar data were obtained with Akt-Ser473,
ERK1/2-Thr202/Tyr204 and GSK3-beta Ser9 in
HepG2 and L6. Insulin-induced reduction of PEPCK mRNA was progressively lower in
untransfected, HepG2-K and HepG2-Q cells (65%, 54%, 23%).
Insulin-induced glucose uptake in untransfected L6 (60% increase over
basal), was totally abolished in L6-K and L6-Q cells. GLUT 4 mRNA was slightly
reduced in L6-K and twice as much in L6-Q (13% and 25% reduction
vs. untransfected cells). Glucose-induced insulin secretion was 60%
reduced in INS1E-K and almost abolished in INS1E-Q. Serum deficiency activated
caspase-3 by two, three and four folds in untransfected INS1E, INS1E-K and
INS1E-Q. Glyburide-induced insulin secretion was reduced by 50% in
isolated human islets from homozygous QQ donors as compared to those from KK and
KQ individuals. Our data clearly indicate that ENPP1, especially when the Q121
variant is operating, affects insulin signaling and glucose metabolism in
skeletal muscle- and liver-cells and both function and survival of insulin
secreting beta-cells, thus representing a strong pathogenic factor predisposing
to insulin resistance, defective insulin secretion and glucose metabolism
abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Di Paola
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine
Diseases, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni
Rotondo, Italy
- * E-mail: (RDP); (VT); (LF)
| | - Nunzia Caporarello
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical
and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania Medical School, Garibaldi
Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonella Marucci
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine
Diseases, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni
Rotondo, Italy
| | - Claudia Dimatteo
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine
Diseases, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni
Rotondo, Italy
| | - Claudia Iadicicco
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare
e Molecolare and Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR,
Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Del Guerra
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism,
University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Prudente
- IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,
Mendel Laboratory”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Dora Sudano
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical
and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania Medical School, Garibaldi
Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Claudia Miele
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare
e Molecolare and Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR,
Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Parrino
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical
and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania Medical School, Garibaldi
Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Piro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of
Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania Medical School,
Garibaldi Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare
e Molecolare and Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR,
Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism,
University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Trischitta
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine
Diseases, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni
Rotondo, Italy
- IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,
Mendel Laboratory”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza
University, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail: (RDP); (VT); (LF)
| | - Lucia Frittitta
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical
and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania Medical School, Garibaldi
Hospital, Catania, Italy
- * E-mail: (RDP); (VT); (LF)
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Bacci S, Rizza S, Prudente S, Spoto B, Powers C, Facciorusso A, Pacilli A, Lauro D, Testa A, Zhang YY, Di Stolfo G, Mallamaci F, Tripepi G, Xu R, Mangiacotti D, Aucella F, Lauro R, Gervino EV, Hauser TH, Copetti M, De Cosmo S, Pellegrini F, Zoccali C, Federici M, Doria A, Trischitta V. The ENPP1 Q121 variant predicts major cardiovascular events in high-risk individuals: evidence for interaction with obesity in diabetic patients. Diabetes 2011; 60:1000-7. [PMID: 21282363 PMCID: PMC3046818 DOI: 10.2337/db10-1300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance (IR) and cardiovascular disease may share a common genetic background. We investigated the role of IR-associated ENPP1 K121Q polymorphism (rs1044498) on cardiovascular disease in high-risk individuals. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A prospective study (average follow-up, 37 months) was conducted for major cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction [MI], stroke, cardiovascular death) from the Gargano Heart Study (GHS; n = 330 with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease), the Tor Vergata Atherosclerosis Study (TVAS; n = 141 who had MI), and the Cardiovascular Risk Extended Evaluation in Dialysis (CREED) database (n = 266 with end-stage renal disease). Age at MI was investigated in cross-sectional studies of 339 type 2 diabetic patients (n = 169 from Italy, n = 170 from the U.S.). RESULTS Incidence of cardiovascular events per 100 person--years was 4.2 in GHS, 10.8 in TVAS, and 11.7 in CREED. Hazard ratios (HRs) for KQ+QQ versus individuals carrying the K121/K121 genotype (KK) individuals were 1.47 (95% CI 0.80-2.70) in GHS, 2.31 (95% CI 1.22-4.34) in TVAS, and 1.36 (95% CI 0.88-2.10) in CREED, and 1.56 (95% CI 1.15-2.12) in the three cohorts combined. In the 395 diabetic patients, the Q121 variant predicted cardiovascular events among obese but not among nonobese individuals (HR 5.94 vs. 0.62, P = 0.003 for interaction). A similar synergism was observed in cross-sectional studies, with age at MI being 3 years younger in Q121 carriers than in KK homozygotes among obese but not among nonobese patients (P = 0.035 for interaction). CONCLUSIONS The ENPP1 K121Q polymorphism is an independent predictor of major cardiovascular events in high-risk individuals. In type 2 diabetes, this effect is exacerbated by obesity. Future larger studies are needed to confirm our finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Bacci
- Unit of Endocrinology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Stefano Rizza
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Prudente
- Mendel Laboratory, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Belinda Spoto
- CNR-IBIM, Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Disease and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Christine Powers
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Antonio Facciorusso
- Unit of Cardiology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Antonio Pacilli
- Unit of Endocrinology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Davide Lauro
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Testa
- CNR-IBIM, Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Disease and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Giuseppe Di Stolfo
- Unit of Cardiology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Francesca Mallamaci
- CNR-IBIM, Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Disease and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tripepi
- CNR-IBIM, Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Disease and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Rui Xu
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Davide Mangiacotti
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Filippo Aucella
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Renato Lauro
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ernest V. Gervino
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas H. Hauser
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Massimiliano Copetti
- Unit of Biostatistics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Salvatore De Cosmo
- Unit of Endocrinology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Fabio Pellegrini
- Unit of Biostatistics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Epidemiology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carmine Zoccali
- CNR-IBIM, Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Disease and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Doria
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vincenzo Trischitta
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, ‘Sapienza’ University, Rome, Italy
- Corresponding author: Vincenzo Trischitta,
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Saberi H, Mohammadtaghvaei N, Gulkho S, Bakhtiyari S, Mohammadi M, Hanachi P, Gerayesh-nejad S, Zargari M, Ataei F, Parvaneh L, Larijani B, Meshkani R. The ENPP1 K121Q polymorphism is not associated with type 2 diabetes and related metabolic traits in an Iranian population. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 350:113-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0687-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Zhao T, Liu Z, Zhang D, Liu Y, Yang Y, Zhou D, Chen Z, Yu L, Zhang Z, Feng G, He L, Xu H. The ENPP1 K121Q polymorphism is not associated with type 2 diabetes or obesity in the Chinese Han population. J Hum Genet 2010; 56:12-6. [PMID: 20981035 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2010.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Szuszkiewicz M, Bell J, Vazquez M, Adams-Huet B, Grundy SM, Chandalia M, Abate N. ENPP1/PC-1 K121Q and other predictors of posttransplant diabetes. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2010; 9:25-9. [PMID: 20958205 DOI: 10.1089/met.2010.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among transplanted patients. This study evaluated the role of the ENPP1 K121Q polymorphism and other variables known to affect diabetes risk in 115 nondiabetic and unrelated patients who underwent kidney transplant at our institution and had consented for use of genetic material (30% whites, 48% blacks, and 22% Hispanics). Thirty-six of these patients (30%) developed posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) within 1 year of observation from transplant. Black race, ENPP1 K121Q polymorphism, age, body mass index (BMI), and immunosuppressive medications were found to have the strongest associations with PTDM in the logistic regression and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis. However, because ENPP1 K121Q is more common in Hispanics and in blacks, who also have higher PTDM prevalence, the studied genetic polymorphism did not exert independent predictive effect, whereas ethnicity, specifically black versus non-black, was the most robust predictor of PTDM. The model with the largest ROC area under the curve (AUC) of 0.80 was comprised of black/non-black, age, BMI, and tacrolimus treatment as significant predictors. A reduced model containing only ethnicity (black/non-black) and age as predictors yielded similar results (ROC AUC 0.78). We conclude that black race and age are major and not modifiable risk factors for PTDM. The specific role of ENPP1 K121Q on ethnic susceptibility to PTDM deserves further investigation in larger cohorts of transplanted patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalene Szuszkiewicz
- The Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Bhatti JS, Bhatti GK, Mastana SS, Ralhan S, Joshi A, Tewari R. ENPP1/PC-1 K121Q polymorphism and genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in North Indians. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 345:249-57. [PMID: 20820885 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0579-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Chandigarh, 160019, India.
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Association and meta-analysis of ENPP1 K121Q with type 2 diabetes in Han Chinese. YI CHUAN = HEREDITAS 2010; 32:808-16. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2010.00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nakanaga K, Hama K, Aoki J. Autotaxin--an LPA producing enzyme with diverse functions. J Biochem 2010; 148:13-24. [PMID: 20495010 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvq052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Autotaxin (ATX) is an ecto-enzyme responsible for lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) production in blood. ATX is present in various biological fluids such as cerebrospinal and seminal fluids and accounts for bulk LPA production in these fluids. ATX is a member of the nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (NPP) family and was originally isolated from conditioned medium of melanoma cells as an autocrine motility stimulating factor. LPA, a second-generation lipid mediator, binds to its cognate G protein-coupled receptors through which it exerts a number of biological functions including influencing cell motility and proliferation stimulating activity. Some of the biological roles of LPA can be mediated by ATX. However, there are other LPA-producing pathways independent of ATX. The accumulating evidences for physiological and pathological functions of ATX strongly support that ATX is an important therapeutic target. This review summarizes the historical aspects, structural basis, pathophysiological functions identified in mice studies and clinical relevance discovered by measuring the blood ATX level in human. The general features and functions of each NPP family member will be also briefly reviewed. The presence of the ATX gene in other model organisms and recently developed ATX inhibitors, both of which will be definitely useful for further functional analysis of ATX, will also be mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Nakanaga
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
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Lee JE, Choi YK, Seo HA, Jeon JH, Jeong JY, Moon SS, Kim JG, Kim BW, Kim SW, Kim JY, Lee IK. Impact of ENPP1 and MMP3 gene polymorphisms on aortic calcification in patients with type 2 diabetes in a Korean population. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2010; 88:87-96. [PMID: 20092902 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We investigated whether gene polymorphisms of Ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) are associated with increased vascular calcification in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and evaluated whether serum MMP3 and osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels are related to calcification. METHODS This study included 464 subjects: 269 patients with T2D and 195 healthy controls in South Korea. We genotyped subjects for four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): ENPP1 K121Q, ENPP1 A/G+1044TGA, MMP3 -709A>G and MMP3 -1475G>A. The presence or absence of calcifications in the aortic arch was assessed by plain chest radiography. RESULTS The SNPs ENPP1 K121Q and MMP3 -709A>G showed significant associations with T2D (P=0.001 and P=0.004). The SNP ENPP1 K121Q showed a significant association with aortic arch calcification in T2D (P=0.036). Serum OPG levels were significantly higher in T2D patients than in the control group (P<0.001). However, serum MMP3 levels were significantly lower in T2D patients than in the control group (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that the ENPP1 K121Q and MMP3 -709A>G polymorphisms are associated with T2D, and that the ENPP1 Q allele is associated with increased aortic arch calcification in a Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Eun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
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Tanyolaç S, Bremer AA, Hodoglugil U, Movsesyan I, Pullinger CR, Heiner SW, Malloy MJ, Kane JP, Goldfine ID. Genetic variants of the ENPP1/PC-1 gene are associated with hypertriglyceridemia in male subjects. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2010; 7:543-8. [PMID: 19656007 DOI: 10.1089/met.2009.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertriglyceridemia is associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome. Membrane glycoprotein PC-1 (also termed ENPP1) is a direct insulin receptor inhibitor, and certain polymorphisms of the ENPP1/PC-1 gene have been associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and diabetic complications. METHODS We examined the effect of 3 ENPP1/PC-1 variants (K121Q, rs1044498, and IVS20delT-11, rs1799774, and A-->G+1044TGA, rs7754561) on plasma triglyceride levels in 1112 subjects of non-Hispanic American white European ancestry. RESULTS Two of the ENPP1/PC-1 variants--A-->G+1044TGA (odds ratio [OR] 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.54-1.82, P = 0.002) and IVS20delT-11 (OR 1.41, 95% CI, 1.08-1.84, P = 0.012)--were significantly associated with hypertriglyceridemia. Haplotype analyses also revealed an association with hypertriglyceridemia. In the variant analyses and in the haplotype analysis, the associations with hypertriglyceridemia were observed in male but not female subjects. Interestingly, the more widely studied K121Q ENPP1/PC-1 variant was not associated with hypertriglyceridemia in any group or subgroup analysis. CONCLUSION In the present study, we find that genetic variants of the ENPP1/PC-1 gene are associated with hypertriglyceridemia in male subjects, and may contribute to the development of the insulin resistance/metabolic syndrome in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Tanyolaç
- Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94115, USA
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Müssig K, Heni M, Thamer C, Kantartzis K, Machicao F, Stefan N, Fritsche A, Häring HU, Staiger H. The ENPP1 K121Q polymorphism determines individual susceptibility to the insulin-sensitising effect of lifestyle intervention. Diabetologia 2010; 53:504-9. [PMID: 20091022 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1612-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The K121Q (rs1044498) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the ENPP1 gene has shown association with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in various ethnic populations. We hypothesised that K121Q may predict the success of lifestyle intervention in terms of improvement of insulin sensitivity. METHODS We genotyped 1,563 participants with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes for K121Q and performed correlational analyses with anthropometric data and variables of insulin sensitivity. For metabolic characterisation, all participants underwent an OGTT. A subgroup of 506 participants additionally underwent a euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp. In 342 participants, metabolic traits and anthropometric data were re-evaluated after a 9 month lifestyle intervention. RESULTS In the overall cohort, K121Q was not associated with measures of obesity, indices of glucose tolerance during OGTT and insulin sensitivity estimated from the OGTT or derived from a euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp after appropriate adjustment. However, K121Q did significantly influence the change in insulin sensitivity during lifestyle intervention after appropriate adjustment (p (additive) = 0.0067, p (dominant) = 0.0027). Carriers of the minor allele had an impaired increase in OGTT-derived insulin sensitivity. A similar trend was obtained for clamp-derived insulin sensitivity, but did not reach significance. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In our population of European ancestry, the ENPP1 SNP K121Q influenced the change in insulin sensitivity during lifestyle intervention. Thus, this SNP may determine susceptibility to environmental changes and could predict the success of lifestyle intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Müssig
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry), University Hospital of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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