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Gibson EA, Brust K, Steffey MA. Evaluation of mediastinoscopy for cranial mediastinal and tracheobronchial lymphadenectomy in canine cadavers. Vet Surg 2024; 53:834-843. [PMID: 38686899 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.14095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report technical feasibility and describe procedural details of a novel single incision minimally invasive approach to the mediastinum in cadaver dogs. STUDY DESIGN Cadaveric study. ANIMALS Large breed (25-40 kg) cadaver dogs (n = 10). METHODS Three of 10 cadavers were used for preliminary technique development without data recording. Cadaver specimens underwent pre- and postoperative thoracic computed tomographic scans. Seven dogs were placed in dorsal recumbency and mediastinoscopy was performed via a SILS port placed cranial to the thoracic inlet with CO2 insufflation of the mediastinum at 2-4 mmHg. Retrieval of all CT and visually identified mediastinal lymph nodes (LN) was attempted; endoscopic compartmental and individual LN dissection times and subjective operative challenges were recorded. Procedural success scores for visualization and dissection as well as NASA-task force index scores were recorded per lymph node, per cadaver. RESULTS Median time required for initial approach including SILS placement was 5 min (range 5-10 min). Individual LN retrieval times ranged from 2 to 32 min. Mediastinoscopic retrieval of LNs was most commonly successful for the left tracheobronchial LN (7/7), followed by the right tracheobronchial LN (4/7), the left and right sternal LNs (3/7 each), and the cranial mediastinal LNs (1/7). Post-procedure pleural gas was identified on CT in 4/7 cadavers. CONCLUSIONS Mediastinoscopy as reported was feasible in large breed canine cadavers and retrieval or cup biopsy of a variety of lymph nodes is possible from the described approach. Application in living animals and its associated challenges should be further investigated. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Mediastinoscopy may provide a novel minimally invasive approach to the evaluation and oncologic staging of the cranial mediastinum in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A Gibson
- William R. Prichard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kelsey Brust
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Michele A Steffey
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
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2
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Glahn I, Haghofer A, Donovan TA, Degasperi B, Bartel A, Kreilmeier-Berger T, Hyndman PS, Janout H, Assenmacher CA, Bartenschlager F, Bolfa P, Dark MJ, Klang A, Klopfleisch R, Merz S, Richter B, Schulman FY, Ganz J, Scharinger J, Aubreville M, Winkler SM, Bertram CA. Automated Nuclear Morphometry: A Deep Learning Approach for Prognostication in Canine Pulmonary Carcinoma to Enhance Reproducibility. Vet Sci 2024; 11:278. [PMID: 38922025 PMCID: PMC11209399 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11060278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The integration of deep learning-based tools into diagnostic workflows is increasingly prevalent due to their efficiency and reproducibility in various settings. We investigated the utility of automated nuclear morphometry for assessing nuclear pleomorphism (NP), a criterion of malignancy in the current grading system in canine pulmonary carcinoma (cPC), and its prognostic implications. We developed a deep learning-based algorithm for evaluating NP (variation in size, i.e., anisokaryosis and/or shape) using a segmentation model. Its performance was evaluated on 46 cPC cases with comprehensive follow-up data regarding its accuracy in nuclear segmentation and its prognostic ability. Its assessment of NP was compared to manual morphometry and established prognostic tests (pathologists' NP estimates (n = 11), mitotic count, histological grading, and TNM-stage). The standard deviation (SD) of the nuclear area, indicative of anisokaryosis, exhibited good discriminatory ability for tumor-specific survival, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.80 and a hazard ratio (HR) of 3.38. The algorithm achieved values comparable to manual morphometry. In contrast, the pathologists' estimates of anisokaryosis resulted in HR values ranging from 0.86 to 34.8, with slight inter-observer reproducibility (k = 0.204). Other conventional tests had no significant prognostic value in our study cohort. Fully automated morphometry promises a time-efficient and reproducible assessment of NP with a high prognostic value. Further refinement of the algorithm, particularly to address undersegmentation, and application to a larger study population are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imaine Glahn
- Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Haghofer
- Bioinformatics Research Group, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4232 Hagenberg, Austria
- Department of Computer Science, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Taryn A. Donovan
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, The Schwarzman Animal Medical Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Brigitte Degasperi
- University Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Bartel
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Philip S. Hyndman
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, The Schwarzman Animal Medical Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hannah Janout
- Bioinformatics Research Group, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4232 Hagenberg, Austria
- Department of Computer Science, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Charles-Antoine Assenmacher
- Comparative Pathology Core, Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Pompei Bolfa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Michael J. Dark
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Andrea Klang
- Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Klopfleisch
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophie Merz
- IDEXX Vet Med Labor GmbH, 70806 Kornwestheim, Germany
| | - Barbara Richter
- Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - F. Yvonne Schulman
- Antech Diagnostics, Mars Petcare Science and Diagnostics, Fountain Valley, CA 92708, USA
| | - Jonathan Ganz
- Department of Computer Science, Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt, 85049 Ingolstadt, Germany
| | - Josef Scharinger
- Department of Computer Science, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Marc Aubreville
- Department of Computer Science, Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt, 85049 Ingolstadt, Germany
| | - Stephan M. Winkler
- Bioinformatics Research Group, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4232 Hagenberg, Austria
- Department of Computer Science, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Christof A. Bertram
- Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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Martin TW, LaRue SM, Griffin L, Leary D, Boss MK. Retrospective study evaluating the efficacy of stereotactic body radiation therapy for the treatment of confirmed or suspected primary pulmonary carcinomas in dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:656-664. [PMID: 37620018 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Canine primary pulmonary carcinomas (PCCs) are commonly treated with surgery with overall median survival times (MST) around a year; however, due to extent of disease, prognosis, or client preference, alternative treatments have been considered. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has been utilized in human cancer patients for local control of lung tumours as a surgical alternative. Twenty-one PCCs in 19 dogs that received SBRT for local control were retrospectively evaluated. Dogs were staged according to the canine lung carcinoma stage classification (CLCSC) system with three as Stage 1, five as Stage 2, three as Stage 3, and eight as Stage 4. Overall MST was 343 days with 38% of patients alive at 1 year. Stage did not significantly impact survival time (p = .72). Five (26%) dogs had lymphadenopathy and MST was not significantly different from dogs without lymphadenopathy (343 vs. 353 days; p = .54). Five out of 18 evaluable dogs (28%) experienced acute lung VRTOG effects and 2 of 12 dogs (17%) experienced late lung VRTOG effects. Median lung dose, V5, V20, and D30 to the lung did not correlate significantly with the development of adverse radiation events. Twelve dogs had follow-up imaging and the best response included a complete response (17%), partial response (42%), and stable disease (42%). Progressive disease was noted in seven dogs a median of 229 days after SBRT. SBRT was documented to be a safe and effective alternative to surgery and may have survival advantages for Stage 3 or 4 dogs according to the CLCSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Wormhoudt Martin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Susan M LaRue
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Lynn Griffin
- VCA Canada Central Victoria Veterinary Hospital, Victoria, British Columbia, USA
| | - Del Leary
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Mary-Keara Boss
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Cordella A, Saunders J, Stock E. Sternal lymphadenopathy in dogs with malignancy in different localizations: A CT retrospective study of 60 cases. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1019196. [PMID: 36337196 PMCID: PMC9634218 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1019196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sternal lymph nodes (SLNs) drain a multitude of regions in dogs, including the pectoral and shoulder region, the thoracic wall and mammary glands, the mediastinum, thymus, diaphragm, and the ventral abdominal wall and peritoneal cavity. Neoplastic conditions of these regions can lead to sternal lymphadenopathy. The aim of this study was to assess the most frequent localizations of the primary neoplasia and the most frequent tumor types in dogs with sternal lymphadenopathy. Computed tomographic (CT) characteristics of SLNs in dogs with confirmed neoplasia were also described. For this single-center retrospective descriptive study, dogs with sternal lymphadenopathy and cytological or histological diagnosis of neoplasia were included. Sixty dogs fulfilled the inclusion criteria: 30 (50%) with thoracic neoplasia, 19 (32%) with abdominal neoplasia, 6 (10%) with neoplasia of the front limbs and 5 (8%) with generalized neoplasia. Based on the cytological/histological diagnosis of the primary neoplasia, 31/60 (52%) dogs presented with a sarcoma, 15/60 (25%) with carcinoma, and 14/60 (23%) with round cell tumor. The presence of heterogeneous contrast enhancement was more frequent in dogs with sarcoma, while the concomitant presence of other abnormal lymph nodes was more frequent in dogs with round cell neoplasia. Tumors of different types and in different location can result in sternal lymphadenopathy in dogs. The most frequent in this study were thoracic and abdominal neoplasia, followed by neoplasia of the shoulder region. Sarcoma was the most common tumor type detected in this study, and the main CT characteristic of the SLNs in case of sarcoma was heterogeneous contrast enhancement.
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Plavec T, Žagar Ž, Kessler M. Klinisch-pathologische Befunde, postoperative Überlebenszeiten und prognostische Faktoren bei Hunden mit primären Lungenkarzinomen. TIERÄRZTLICHE PRAXIS AUSGABE K: KLEINTIERE / HEIMTIERE 2022; 50:317-328. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1949-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Primäre Karzinome der Lunge (PLK) beim Hund sind selten, ihre Behandlung erfolgt chirurgisch. Ziel dieser Studie war die Untersuchung klinisch-pathologischer Befunde, postoperativer medianer Überlebenszeiten (mÜZ) und prognostischer Faktoren.
Material und Methoden Retrospektive Auswertung von 61 Hunden mit 62 PLK, die zwischen 2007 und 2017 chirurgisch behandelt wurden. Die statistische Auswertung erfolgte mittels Kaplan-Meier und Logrank Methoden.
Ergebnisse Von 62 PLKs lagen 35 (56 %) peripher im Lungenlappen, 21 (34 %) hilusnah und 6 (10 %) betrafen den gesamten Lungenlappen. In 49 Fällen lagen differenzierte Adenokarzinome vor; niedrig differenzierte bzw. anaplastische Karzinome (n = 10) und Plattenepithelkarzinome (n = 2) waren deutlich seltener. Eine Prädisposition für bestimmte Lungenlappen war nicht nachzuweisen. Dreizehn (21 %) Patienten zeigten keine und 10 (16 %) nur unspezifische, nicht auf den Respirationstrakt hinweisende Symptome. Insgesamt zeigten 48 (79 %) Hunde klinische Symptome wie Husten, Dyspnoe, Lethargie, Gewichtsverlust, Leistungsschwäche, Erbrechen und/oder Fieber. Die tracheobronchialen Lymphknoten (TBLN) waren in 9 von 51 untersuchten Fällen histologisch positiv für Metastasierung (N1) und negativ (N0) in 42 Fällen (nicht untersucht n = 10). Daten zum Langzeitverlauf waren für 50 Patienten verfügbar. Prognostisch relevante Variablen waren Lymphknotenmetastasierung in die TBLN (mÜZ: N1 41 Tage, N0 570 Tage; p < 0,01), Lungenmetastasen (mÜZ: M1 125 Tage, M0 630 Tage; p < 0,01), histologischer Subtyp (mÜZ: differenzierte Karzinome 620 Tage; andere Karzinome 135 Tage; p < 0,01), Tumordurchmesser größer als 3 cm (mÜZ < 3 cm 1155 Tage, ≥ 3 cm 330 Tage; p = 0,02) und Tumorlokalisation (mÜZ: hilusnah 330 Tage, peripher 650 Tage; p = 0,04).
Schlussfolgerung Beim PLK sind TBLN Status, Organmetastasen, Tumorlokalisation, histologischer Subtyp und Tumorgröße prognostisch relevante Kriterien. Hunde ohne prognostisch negative Faktoren können lange Überlebenszeiten aufweisen. In mehr als einem Drittel der Fälle bleiben die Tumoren asymptomatisch (21 %) bzw. ohne respirationstraktspezifische (16 %) Symptome.
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McPhetridge JB, Scharf VF, Regier PJ, Toth D, Lorange M, Tremolada G, Dornbusch JA, Selmic LE, Bae S, Townsend KL, McAdoo JC, Thieman KM, Solari F, Walton RA, Romeiser J, Tuohy JL, Oblak ML. Distribution of histopathologic types of primary pulmonary neoplasia in dogs and outcome of affected dogs: 340 cases (2010-2019). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:234-243. [PMID: 34851850 DOI: 10.2460/javma.20.12.0698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide updated information on the distribution of histopathologic types of primary pulmonary neoplasia in dogs and evaluate the effect of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in dogs with pulmonary carcinoma. ANIMALS 340 dogs. PROCEDURES Medical records of dogs that underwent lung lobectomy for removal of a primary pulmonary mass were reviewed, and histopathologic type of lesions was determined. The canine lung carcinoma stage classification system was used to determine clinical stage for dogs with pulmonary carcinoma. RESULTS Pulmonary carcinoma was the most frequently encountered tumor type (296/340 [87.1%]), followed by sarcoma (26 [7.6%]), adenoma (11 [3.2%]), and pulmonary neuroendocrine tumor (5 [1.5%]); there was also 1 plasmacytoma and 1 carcinosarcoma. Twenty (5.9%) sarcomas were classified as primary pulmonary histiocytic sarcoma. There was a significant difference in median survival time between dogs with pulmonary carcinomas (399 days), dogs with histiocytic sarcomas (300 days), and dogs with neuroendocrine tumors (498 days). When dogs with pulmonary carcinomas were grouped on the basis of clinical stage, there were no significant differences in median survival time between dogs that did and did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that pulmonary carcinoma is the most common cause of primary pulmonary neoplasia in dogs; however, nonepithelial tumors can occur. Survival times were significantly different between dogs with pulmonary carcinoma, histiocytic sarcoma, and neuroendocrine tumor, emphasizing the importance of recognizing the relative incidence of these various histologic diagnoses. The therapeutic effect of adjuvant chemotherapy in dogs with pulmonary carcinoma remains unclear and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jourdan B McPhetridge
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Valery F Scharf
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Penny J Regier
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Darby Toth
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Max Lorange
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Giovanni Tremolada
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Josephine A Dornbusch
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH
| | - Laura E Selmic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH
| | - Sohee Bae
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Katy L Townsend
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Jack C McAdoo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Kelley M Thieman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Francesca Solari
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Rebecca A Walton
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Jacob Romeiser
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Joanne L Tuohy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Michelle L Oblak
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Able H, Wolf-Ringwall A, Rendahl A, Ober CP, Seelig DM, Wilke CT, Lawrence J. Computed tomography radiomic features hold prognostic utility for canine lung tumors: An analytical study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256139. [PMID: 34403435 PMCID: PMC8370631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of computed tomography (CT) radiomic features is an indirect measure of tumor heterogeneity, which has been associated with prognosis in human lung carcinoma. Canine lung tumors share similar features to human lung tumors and serve as a model in which to investigate the utility of radiomic features in differentiating tumor type and prognostication. The purpose of this study was to correlate first-order radiomic features from canine pulmonary tumors to histopathologic characteristics and outcome. Disease-free survival, overall survival time and tumor-specific survival were calculated as days from the date of CT scan. Sixty-seven tumors from 65 dogs were evaluated. Fifty-six tumors were classified as primary pulmonary adenocarcinomas and 11 were non-adenocarcinomas. All dogs were treated with surgical resection; 14 dogs received adjuvant chemotherapy. Second opinion histopathology in 63 tumors confirmed the histologic diagnosis in all dogs and further characterized 53 adenocarcinomas. The median overall survival time was longer (p = 0.004) for adenocarcinomas (339d) compared to non-adenocarcinomas (55d). There was wide variation in first-order radiomic statistics across tumors. Mean Hounsfield units (HU) ratio (p = 0.042) and median mean HU ratio (p = 0.042) were higher in adenocarcinomas than in non-adenocarcinomas. For dogs with adenocarcinoma, completeness of excision was associated with overall survival (p<0.001) while higher mitotic index (p = 0.007) and histologic score (p = 0.037) were associated with shorter disease-free survival. CT-derived tumor variables prognostic for outcome included volume, maximum axial diameter, and four radiomic features: integral total, integral total mean ratio, total HU, and max mean HU ratio. Tumor volume was also significantly associated with tumor invasion (p = 0.044). Further study of radiomic features in canine lung tumors is warranted as a method to non-invasively interrogate CT images for potential predictive and prognostic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Able
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HA); (JL)
| | - Amber Wolf-Ringwall
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Aaron Rendahl
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Christopher P. Ober
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Davis M. Seelig
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Chris T. Wilke
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jessica Lawrence
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HA); (JL)
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Computed Tomography Evaluation of Normal Canine Abdominal Lymph Nodes: Retrospective Study of Size and Morphology According to Body Weight and Age in 45 Dogs. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8030044. [PMID: 33800083 PMCID: PMC7999630 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8030044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphological characteristics of the largest lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes of the body have been described through ultrasonography, although food and gas in the gastrointestinal tract can often have negative effects on the response of small abdominal structures. The aim of the study was to describe the size of normal abdominal lymph nodes (ALs) in dogs affected by disease, not including lymphadenomegaly or lymphadenopathy, and divided according to body weight and age. The ALs studied included the jejunal, medial iliac, portal, gastric, splenic, and pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes. Statistical correlation considering body weight and age as continuous variables showed that all measurements of the ALs increased according to body weight changes (p < 0.01). The most reliable values were the volume measurements (p < 0.001) compared to the length, thickness, and width. Mixed results emerged from a comparison of weight categories and age; only the jejunal lymph nodes showed a significant correlation (p < 0.05). Other characteristics (shape, attenuation, and enhancement) are subsequently reported. The resulting data can be used to categorize CT measurements of normal ALs displayed based on the body weight and age of the subjects. This study aimed to propose a new parameter of normalcy that may serve as a reference for the evaluation of infectious or neoplastic events.
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9
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Lee BM, Clarke D, Watson M, Laver T. Retrospective evaluation of a modified human lung cancer stage classification in dogs with surgically excised primary pulmonary carcinomas. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:590-598. [PMID: 32115867 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The stage classification for canine primary pulmonary carcinomas (PPC) was last updated in 1980. In people, the human lung cancer stage classification (HLCSC) (currently in its eighth edition) plays an integral role in diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making and is prognostic despite a heterogeneous population of tumours. The objective of this retrospective case study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of a canine lung carcinoma stage classification (CLCSC) adapted from the HLCSC by removal of substage for ease of application to canine PPC. A secondary objective was to evaluate the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy. Medical records of 71 dogs with histologically confirmed PPC were reviewed. All dogs underwent surgical excision of the primary lung tumour. Primary tumour features (referring to T1-T4 stages) and TNM stages (1-4) were assigned using the CLCSC. Canine lung carcinoma stage was I (n = 7), II (n = 32), III (n = 24) and IV (n = 8). Median survival time was 952, 658, 158 and 52 days for stages I-IV, respectively. Primary tumour features (T1-T4), incomplete surgical excision, presence of lymph node metastasis and tumour grade were independent prognostic indicators for overall survival. Twenty-six dogs received adjuvant chemotherapy; however, no statistically significant benefit was found. The CLCSC primary tumour features and stage classification were highly prognostic for survival in dogs with PPC. We propose further application and evaluation of this update to canine PPC stage classification. Given the poor prognosis of advanced stage canine PPC, novel treatments are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Lee
- Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Dawn Clarke
- Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Maegan Watson
- Blue Pearl Pet Hospital, Sandy Springs, Georgia, USA
| | - Travis Laver
- Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Athens, Georgia, USA
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10
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Rose RJ, Worley DR. A Contemporary Retrospective Study of Survival in Dogs With Primary Lung Tumors: 40 Cases (2005-2017). Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:519703. [PMID: 33195509 PMCID: PMC7645112 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.519703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To report the median survival time in a contemporary cohort of dogs with primary lung tumors and intrathoracic nodal metastasis. Design: Retrospective Case Series. Animals (or sample): Dogs with primary lung tumors treated with lung lobectomy and lymph node biopsy. Procedures: The medical record database at Colorado State University was queried for dogs with primary lung tumors from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2017. Patients were identified for inclusion if they had lung lobectomy and an intrathoracic lymph node biopsy performed. The median survival time (MST) for lymph node positive (LN+) and negative dogs (LN–) was calculated as well as the MST in dogs that did or did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. Differences were compared between groups with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The MST in LN+ dogs (n = 11) was 167 days which was not statistically different from LN– dogs (n = 29) at 456 days (p = 0.2407). No significant difference in the MST in LN+ dogs was identified between dogs that received adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 4; 110 days) and those that did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 6; 125 days) (p = 0.4409). There was no difference in survival time in LN– dogs receiving chemotherapy (n = 12; 335 days) as compared to those LN– dogs (n = 10) that did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy (258.5 days; p = 0.6475). Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: The survival of primary pulmonary neoplasia in dogs with intrathoracic nodal metastasis is longer than previously reported in this contemporary cohort. Chemotherapy did not appear to improve survival in LN+ or LN– dogs. The combination of tumor size between 100 and 999 cm3 and positive lymph node status significantly reduced survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth J Rose
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.,Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Deanna R Worley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.,Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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11
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Smith AJ, Sutton DR, Major AC. CT appearance of presumptively normal intrathoracic lymph nodes in cats. J Feline Med Surg 2020; 22:875-881. [PMID: 31710271 PMCID: PMC10814401 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x19886672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Thoracic CT is commonly performed in cats and has been shown to be more sensitive than radiography for the detection of lymphadenopathy. However, no studies to date have reported the normal CT appearance of feline intrathoracic lymph nodes. The aim of this study was to describe the distribution, number, size and attenuation of presumed normal intrathoracic lymph nodes in cats. METHODS Retrospective analysis of the imaging archive in a teaching hospital identified cats that had undergone thoracic CT and were deemed to have no evidence of either intra- or extrathoracic disease that would influence the size of the intrathoracic lymph nodes. Lymph nodes were classified into lymph centres based on anatomical references. Descriptions of the position of each node, number of nodes in each centre, size of each node and attenuation pre- and post-contrast were recorded. Statistical analysis aimed to assess for correlations between these factors and the age, weight and sex of the subjects. RESULTS Twenty cats were included in the study. One or more lymph nodes were identified in the sternal (n = 19/20), cranial mediastinal (n = 14/20) and tracheobronchial (n = 15/20) centres, while none were identified in other locations. Size varied between lymph centres and within lymph centres where more than one lymph node was identified. Tracheobronchial and sternal nodes were consistent in location, while mediastinal nodes were variable. All nodes were round to ellipsoid in shape and showed moderate enhancement post-contrast. No significant correlations were found with age, weight or sex. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study describes the CT characteristics of presumed normal intrathoracic lymph nodes in cats, and only identified nodes in the sternal, cranial mediastinal and tracheobronchial locations. This study serves as a reference point for CT analysis of feline thoracic lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dawn R Sutton
- Small Animal Referral Hospital, Langford Vets, Langford, UK
| | - Alison C Major
- Small Animal Referral Hospital, Langford Vets, Langford, UK
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12
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Ruby J, Secrest S, Sharma A. Radiographic differentiation of mediastinal versus pulmonary masses in dogs and cats can be challenging. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2020; 61:385-393. [PMID: 32400045 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to differentiate thoracic masses of mediastinal and pulmonary origins is often confounded by their complex spatial relationship. The objectives of this retrospective, observational cross-sectional study were to assess radiographic differentiation of mediastinal versus pulmonary masses, and to determine if there are any correlations with specific radiographic findings. Thoracic radiographs of 75 dogs and cats with mediastinal and/or pulmonary masses identified on CT were reviewed. Radiographic studies were anonymized, randomized, and reviewed twice by three reviewers. Reviewers categorized the origin of each mass(es) as mediastinal, pulmonary, or both. On the second review, the presence or absence of 21 different radiographic findings was recorded for each mass. Agreement between the radiographic and CT categorization of mass origin, as well as inter- and intraobserver agreement, was calculated. Overall agreement between radiographs and CT was moderate for both mediastinal (68.6%) and pulmonary masses (63%). Overall, interobserver agreement was moderate (κ = 0.50-0.74), with moderate to strong intraobserver agreement (κ = 0.58-0.93). Masses within the mediastinum were significantly more likely to displace other mediastinal structures. Alternatively, masses lateral to midline and in the caudal thorax were found to be significantly positively correlated with a pulmonary origin. The results of this study highlight the limitations of radiography for differentiation of mediastinal and pulmonary masses, with mass location and displacement of other mediastinal structures potentially useful for radiographic findings that may help improve accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Ruby
- Department of Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Scott Secrest
- Department of Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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13
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Kalman G, Lee AM, Beasley MJ. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 255:1231-1233. [PMID: 31730440 DOI: 10.2460/javma.255.11.1231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Kayanuma H, Yamada K, Maruo T, Kanai E. Computed tomography of thoracic lymph nodes in 100 dogs with no abnormalities in the dominated area. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:279-285. [PMID: 31969520 PMCID: PMC7118489 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In dogs, reports on thoracic lymph nodes are lacking compared to abdominal lymph nodes. This report analyzed the position, number, size, shape, and homogeneity of thoracic lymph nodes (cranial sternal, cranial mediastinal, tracheobronchial, aortic thoracic, and pulmonary lymph nodes) using thoracic computed tomography (CT) images of 100 dogs without any lesions in the dominated areas of thoracic lymph nodes. The position and number of intrathoracic lymph nodes could be observed in CT, consistent with macroscopic anatomical studies. It was difficult to set a clinical index associated with size using CT scans. Image findings that indicated abnormalities, such as circular shapes and non-uniform, may be routinely found in dogs and may not be considered abnormal on CT scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Kayanuma
- Department of Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Kaoruko Yamada
- Department of Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Takuya Maruo
- Department of Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Eiichi Kanai
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
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15
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Nonselective Lymph Node Dissection and Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping and Biopsy. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2019; 49:793-807. [PMID: 31147188 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Clinical staging is important for determining the extent of disease in animals with malignant cancers. The status of the lymph node will help determine whether adjuvant treatment is indicated. Historically, the regional anatomic lymph node has been sampled to determine the presence or absence of metastatic disease, but there is increasing evidence that the regional anatomic lymph node is often different to the sentinel lymph node. As a result, several sentinel lymph node mapping techniques have been described for more accurate clinical staging of oncologic patients.
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16
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Kawabe M, Kitajima Y, Murakami M, Iwasaki R, Goto S, Sakai H, Mori T. Hypofractionated radiotherapy in nine dogs with unresectable solitary lung adenocarcinoma. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2019; 60:456-464. [PMID: 31099095 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although lung lobectomy is the most common treatment option for dogs with solitary lung tumors, surgery often cannot be performed at the time of diagnosis. In this retrospective, case series study, we described the effects of hypofractionated radiotherapy for tumor mass reduction in nine dogs with solitary lung adenocarcinoma that were later considered for surgical resection, and we assessed the tolerability of the radiation protocol. Tumors were deemed unresectable by the attending veterinarian. The dose prescription was 7.0-12.0 Gy/fraction in four to seven fractions, administered weekly for a total dose of 40-50 Gy. Treatment planning prioritized normal tissue dose constraints. The median interval between the last radiotherapy session and maximum tumor size reduction was 56 (range: 26-196) days, with six and three dogs exhibiting a partial response and stable disease, respectively. Although acute and late radiation-induced toxicity to the skin and/or lungs developed in all nine dogs, it was self-limiting or improved with short-term anti-inflammatory treatment. Tumor progression after initial size reduction was confirmed in three dogs at 62, 126, and 175 days, respectively, after the last radiotherapy session. Seven of the nine dogs underwent lobectomy a median of 68 days after radiotherapy when tumors were in partial response or stable disease or at the time of progression, and five received systemic chemotherapy concurrent with or after radiotherapy. These findings suggest that hypofractionated radiotherapy for canine solitary lung adenocarcinoma is useful when the tumor is large or when surgery cannot be performed immediately after diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mifumi Kawabe
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuka Kitajima
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mami Murakami
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Sho Goto
- Animal Medical Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sakai
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takashi Mori
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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17
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Marlowe KW, Robat CS, Clarke DM, Taylor A, Touret M, Husbands BD, Vail DM. Primary pulmonary histiocytic sarcoma in dogs: A retrospective analysis of 37 cases (2000-2015). Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 16:658-663. [PMID: 30246460 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Primary pulmonary histiocytic sarcoma (PHS) has been reported, but is not well characterized. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe clinical characteristics, characterize prognostic factors and report the outcome of a larger group of dogs with primary PHS. Medical records of dogs diagnosed with primary PHS at 11 institutions were retrospectively reviewed. Thirty-seven dogs were included; 13 received CCNU-based chemotherapy alone, 18 received surgery and adjuvant CCNU-based chemotherapy, 3 received medical management alone and 3 dogs received surgery alone. The overall median progression free survival (PFS) and the median survival (overall survival [OS]) were 197 and 237 days, respectively. Measurable responses were noted in dogs receiving only chemotherapy; however, responses were not durable with PFS (91 days) and OS times (131 days) shorter than overall medians. Dogs that received surgery and chemotherapy had significantly prolonged PFS (276 days, P = 0.001) and OS (374 days, P = 0.001), compared with dogs not receiving surgery. As only three dogs undergoing surgery did not receive chemotherapy, it is not possible to determine the contribution of chemotherapy as an adjuvant to surgery. Dogs without evidence of intra-thoracic metastatic disease were much more likely to undergo surgery (odds ratio = 7.04; P = 0.018). While the presence of metastasis or clinical signs at diagnosis negatively impacted PFS, only the former negatively impacted OS. These data imply that dogs presenting with PHS amenable to surgery (ie, no clinical evidence of metastasis) benefit from surgical intervention; however, the lack of a comparable surgery alone group precludes assessment of the efficacy of post-surgical adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn W Marlowe
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Cecilia S Robat
- Veterinary Emergency Service/Veterinary Specialty Center, Middleton, Wisconsin
| | - Dawn M Clarke
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Angela Taylor
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Maude Touret
- Medical Oncology Department, Centre Vétérinaire Laval, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brian D Husbands
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - David M Vail
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin
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18
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Polton G, Finotello R, Sabattini S, Rossi F, Laganga P, Vasconi ME, Barbanera A, Stiborova K, Rohrer Bley C, Marconato L. Survival analysis of dogs with advanced primary lung carcinoma treated by metronomic cyclophosphamide, piroxicam and thalidomide. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 16:399-408. [PMID: 29508493 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Unresectable or metastatic (advanced) primary pulmonary carcinoma (PPC) represents a therapeutic challenge where surgery may be contraindicated and the therapeutic role of maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) chemotherapy remains uncertain. This study was undertaken to explore the impact of metronomic chemotherapy (MC) in dogs with advanced PPC. Previously untreated dogs with advanced (T3 or N1 or M1) PPC, with complete staging work-up and follow-up data, receiving MC (comprising low-dose cyclophosphamide, piroxicam and thalidomide), surgery, MTD chemotherapy or no oncologic treatment were eligible for inclusion. For all patients, time to progression (TTP) and survival time (ST) were evaluated. Quality-of-life (QoL) was only evaluated in patients receiving MC. To assess QoL, owners of dogs receiving MC were asked to complete a questionnaire before and during treatment. Ninety-one dogs were included: 25 received MC, 36 were treated with surgery, 11 with MTD chemotherapy and 19 received no treatment. QoL was improved in dogs receiving MC. Median TTP was significantly longer in patients receiving MC (172 days) than patients undergoing surgery (87 days), receiving MTD chemotherapy (22 days), or no oncologic treatment (20 days). Median ST was similarly longer in patients receiving MC (139 days) than those undergoing surgery (92 days), MTD chemotherapy (61 days) and no oncologic treatment (60 days). In dogs with advanced PPC, MC achieved a measurable clinical benefit without significant risk or toxicity. This makes MC a potential alternative to other recognized management approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Polton
- North Downs Specialist Referrals, Brewerstreet Dairy Business Park, Surrey, UK
| | - R Finotello
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Health and Life Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - S Sabattini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Rossi
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario, Sasso Marconi, Italy
| | - P Laganga
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario, Sasso Marconi, Italy
| | | | - A Barbanera
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario, Sasso Marconi, Italy
| | - K Stiborova
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Health and Life Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - C Rohrer Bley
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - L Marconato
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario, Sasso Marconi, Italy
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19
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Iwasaki R, Murakami M, Kawabe M, Heishima K, Sakai H, Mori T. Metastatic diagnosis of canine sternal lymph nodes using computed tomography characteristics: A retrospective cross-sectional study. Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 16:140-147. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Iwasaki
- Animal Medical Center, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
| | - M. Murakami
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
| | - M. Kawabe
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
| | - K. Heishima
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
| | - H. Sakai
- Department of Veterinary Pathology; Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University; Gifu Japan
| | - T. Mori
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
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20
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Park J, Lee HB, Jeong SM. Treatment of a giant pulmonary emphysematous cyst with primary bronchoalveolar papillary carcinoma in a Shih Tzu dog. Vet Surg 2016; 46:158-164. [PMID: 27898174 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the surgical treatment of a pulmonary emphysematous cyst concurrent with primary pulmonary bronchoalveolar papillary carcinoma in a dog. STUDY DESIGN Clinical case report. ANIMALS 12-year-old 6.4 kg spayed female Shih Tzu dog. METHODS The dog presented for surgical treatment of pulmonary emphysema. Radiography revealed that more than half of the left caudal lung lobe was enlarged and hyperlucent and computed tomography (CT) confirmed the presence of an emphysematous space. Thoracoscopic lung lobectomy was attempted but was converted to an intercostal thoracotomy due to poor visualization and pleural adhesions. A left caudal total lung lobectomy was performed using a self-cutting endoscopic stapler. RESULTS The dog recovered uneventfully and a postoperative histopathologic diagnosis of pulmonary cystic bronchoalveolar papillary carcinoma was made. Re-evaluation using a CT scan with contrast study on postoperative days 27 and 177 revealed no evidence of residual, metastatic, or recurrent lesions. The dog has been doing well since surgery during the 11 month follow-up period. CONCLUSION This case report suggests a potential relationship between pulmonary emphysematous diseases and primary lung tumors in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Beom Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Mok Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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21
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Iwasaki R, Mori T, Ito Y, Kawabe M, Murakmi M, Maruo K. Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Presumptively Normal Canine Sternal Lymph Nodes. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2016; 52:371-377. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The sternal lymph nodes receive drainage from a wide variety of structures in the thoraco-abdominal region. Evaluation of these lymph nodes is essential, especially in cancer patients. Computed tomography (CT) can detect sternal lymph nodes more accurately than radiography or ultrasonography, and the criteria of the sternal lymphadenopathy are unknown. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the CT characteristics of the sternal lymph nodes in dogs considered unlikely to have lymphadenopathy. The ratio of the short axis dimension of the sternal lymph nodes to the thickness of the second sternebra was also investigated. At least one sternal lymph node was identified in each of the 152 dogs included in the study. The mean long axis and short axis dimensions were 0.700 cm and 0.368 cm, respectively. The mean ratio of the sternal lymph nodes to the second sternebrae was 0.457, and the 95% prediction interval ranged from 0.317 to 0.596 (almost a fixed value independent of body weight). These findings will be useful when evaluating sternal lymphadenopathy using CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Iwasaki
- From the Animal Medical Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takashi Mori
- From the Animal Medical Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ito
- From the Animal Medical Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mifumi Kawabe
- From the Animal Medical Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mami Murakmi
- From the Animal Medical Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kohji Maruo
- From the Animal Medical Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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Guarracino A, Lacitignola L, Auriemma E, De Monte V, Grasso S, Crovace A, Staffieri F. WHICH AIRWAY PRESSURE SHOULD BE APPLIED DURING BREATH-HOLD IN DOGS UNDERGOING THORACIC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY? Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2016; 57:475-81. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Guarracino
- Dipartimento delle Emergenze e Trapianti di Organo; Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro," sezione Cliniche Veterinarie e P.A; Valenzano
| | - Luca Lacitignola
- Dipartimento delle Emergenze e Trapianti di Organo; Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro," sezione Cliniche Veterinarie e P.A; Valenzano
| | | | | | - Salvatore Grasso
- Dipartimento dell'Emergenza e dei Trapianti d'Organo; Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Sezione di Anestesia e Rianimazione
| | - Antonio Crovace
- Dipartimento delle Emergenze e Trapianti di Organo; Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro," sezione Cliniche Veterinarie e P.A; Valenzano
| | - Francesco Staffieri
- Dipartimento delle Emergenze e Trapianti di Organo; Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro," sezione Cliniche Veterinarie e P.A; Valenzano
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Wavreille V, Boston SE, Souza C, Ham K, Chanoit G, Rossetti D, Takacs J, Milner R. Outcome After Pneumonectomy in 17 Dogs and 10 Cats: A Veterinary Society of Surgical Oncology Case Series. Vet Surg 2016; 45:782-9. [PMID: 27399196 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the signalment, presenting clinical signs, surgical complications, histologic diagnosis, postoperative complications, and outcome of dogs and cats undergoing pneumonectomy. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series; multicenter study. ANIMALS Client-owned dogs (n=17) and cats (n=10). METHODS Signalment, clinical signs, side affected, surgical data, preoperative diagnostic tests (including complete blood count, serum biochemistry, cytologic diagnosis, chest radiographs, and computed tomography), histologic diagnosis, surgical complications, adjunctive therapy, and date and cause of death were collected from records of dogs and cats that underwent pneumonectomy. Survival estimates and complication were assessed. RESULTS Seventeen animals had a left-sided pneumonectomy performed (12 dogs, 5 cats) and 10 animals had a right-sided pneumonectomy (5 dogs, 5 cats). Fourteen animals were diagnosed with neoplasia (52%). The overall incidence of complications for dogs and cats were 76 and 80%, respectively, with major complications in 41 and 50%, respectively. Respiratory complications (persistent pleural effusion, oxygen dependence, persistent increased respiratory rate, or coughing) were the most frequent complications. No animals died or were euthanatized intraoperative or within the first 24 hours postoperative. One dog (6%) and 2 cats (20%) died, or were euthanatized in the first 2 weeks postoperative. CONCLUSION Based on this case series, right and left pneumonectomy can be performed with low perioperative mortality in dogs and cats, with some animals experiencing prolonged survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Wavreille
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - S E Boston
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - C Souza
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - K Ham
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - G Chanoit
- School of Veterinary Sciences and Bristol CardioVascular, University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Langford, United Kingdom
| | - D Rossetti
- Small Animal Surgery Department, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Frégis, Arcueil, France
| | - J Takacs
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - R Milner
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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25
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Nunley J, Sutton J, Culp W, Wilson D, Coleman K, Demianiuk R, Schechter A, Moore G, Donovan T, Schwartz P. Primary pulmonary neoplasia in cats: assessment of computed tomography findings and survival. J Small Anim Pract 2015; 56:651-6. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Nunley
- Animal Medical Center; New York NY 10065 USA
| | - J. Sutton
- University of California-Davis; Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - W. Culp
- University of California-Davis; Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - D. Wilson
- University of California-Davis; Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - K. Coleman
- Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - R. Demianiuk
- Michigan State University; East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - A. Schechter
- Michigan State University; East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - G. Moore
- Purdue University; West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - T. Donovan
- Animal Medical Center; New York NY 10065 USA
| | - P. Schwartz
- Animal Medical Center; New York NY 10065 USA
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26
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Aarsvold S, Reetz JA, Reichle JK, Jones ID, Lamb CR, Evola MG, Keyerleber MA, Marolf AJ. COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC FINDINGS IN 57 CATS WITH PRIMARY PULMONARY NEOPLASIA. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2015; 56:272-7. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer A. Reetz
- Department of Radiology, Ryan Veterinary Hospital; University of Pennsylvania; 3900 Delanecy Street Philadelphia PA 19014
| | - Jean K. Reichle
- Radiology; Animal Specialty & Emergency Center; 1535 South Sepulveda Blvd Los Angeles CA 90025
| | - Ian D. Jones
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane; North Mymms Herts AL9 7TA UK
| | - Christopher R. Lamb
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane; North Mymms Herts AL9 7TA UK
| | - Maria G. Evola
- Diagnostic Imaging; Animal Specialty and Emergency Center; 1535 South Sepulveda Blvd Los Angeles CA 90025
| | - Michele A. Keyerleber
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University; Radiation Oncology; 200 Westboro Road North Grafton MA 01536
| | - Angela J. Marolf
- Radiology, Veterinary Medical Center; Colorado State University; 300 W. Drake Road Fort Collins CO 80523
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Maritato KC, Schertel ER, Kennedy SC, Dudley R, Lamm C, Barnhart M, Kass P. Outcome and prognostic indicators in 20 cats with surgically treated primary lung tumors. J Feline Med Surg 2014; 16:979-84. [PMID: 24710595 PMCID: PMC11104090 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x14530121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this retrospective study of 20 client-owned cats was to describe the clinical signs, surgical interventions, histological features, stage and treatments of primary lung tumors removed by surgical excision, and to determine which factors significantly influence survival. Any cat that underwent surgical resection of a primary lung tumor between 2000 and 2007 was included in the study. Patient records were reviewed and signalment, clinical signs, preoperative diagnostics, surgical findings and histopathological results recorded. Histological reports were reviewed and scored using World Health Organization criteria. The Kaplan-Meier test was used to evaluate each potential prognostic factor with survival. Twenty cats met the inclusion criteria. The presence of clinical signs (such as dyspnea) at the time of diagnosis (P = 0.032), pleural effusion (P = 0.046), stage M1 (P = 0.015), and moderately and poorly differentiated tumors on histopathology (P = 0.011) were factors that were significantly correlated with reduced survival times. The median survival time of the 20 cats was 11 days. Cats presenting with no clinical signs had a median survival time of 578 days post-surgery vs 4 days post-surgery when presented with clinical signs. Cats staged T1N0M0 lived longer than cats at other stages (P = 0.044). Of the cats that survived to the time of suture removal, median survival time was 64 days. The results indicate that the presence of clinical signs, pleural effusion, moderately and poorly differentiated tumors on histopathology, evidence of metastasis and any stage beyond T1N0M0 are negative prognostic indicators for cats with primary lung tumors. The findings demonstrate that cats that presented with clinical signs, pleural effusion, any stage other than T1N0M0, or moderately and poorly differentiated tumors on histopathology had a poor prognosis. Therefore, extensive preoperative diagnostics, including computed tomography scans, should be performed before considering surgical intervention in these cats. These findings may be used to guide therapeutic decision-making in cats diagnosed with primary lung tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Phillip Kass
- University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Wormser C, Singhal S, Holt DE, Runge JJ. Thoracoscopic-assisted pulmonary surgery for partial and complete lung lobectomy in dogs and cats: 11 cases (2008–2013). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2014; 245:1036-41. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.245.9.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Tuohy JL, Worley DR. Pulmonary lymph node charting in normal dogs with blue dye and scintigraphic lymphatic mapping. Res Vet Sci 2014; 97:148-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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30
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Steffey MA, Daniel L, Mayhew PD, Affolter VK, Soares JHN, Smith A. Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Extirpation of the Tracheobronchial Lymph Nodes in Dogs. Vet Surg 2014; 44 Suppl 1:50-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2014.12204.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele A. Steffey
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences; University of California-Davis; Davis California
| | - Leticia Daniel
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences; University of California-Davis; Davis California
| | - Philipp D. Mayhew
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences; University of California-Davis; Davis California
| | - Verena K. Affolter
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology; University of California-Davis; Davis California
| | - Joao H. N. Soares
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California-Davis; Davis California
| | - Andrea Smith
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California-Davis; Davis California
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31
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Barrett LE, Pollard RE, Zwingenberger A, Zierenberg-Ripoll A, Skorupski KA. RADIOGRAPHIC CHARACTERIZATION OF PRIMARY LUNG TUMORS IN 74 DOGS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2014; 55:480-7. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Barrett
- University of California, Davis; School of Veterinary Medicine; Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital; Davis CA 95616
| | | | | | - Alexandra Zierenberg-Ripoll
- University of California, Davis; School of Veterinary Medicine; Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital; Davis CA 95616
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32
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Kim J, Kwon SY, Cena R, Park S, Oh J, Oui H, Cho KO, Min JJ, Choi J. CT and PET-CT of a dog with multiple pulmonary adenocarcinoma. J Vet Med Sci 2014; 76:615-20. [PMID: 24389742 PMCID: PMC4064154 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A 10-year-old, intact female
Yorkshire terrier had multiple pulmonary nodules on thoracic radiography and
ultrasonography with no lesions elsewhere. Computed tomography (CT) and positron emission
tomography and computed tomography (PET-CT) using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) were
performed to identify metastasis and undetected primary tumors. On CT examination,
pulmonary nodules had a hypoattenuating center with thin peripheral enhancement,
suggesting ischemic or necrotizing lesion. In PET-CT at 47 min after intravenous injection
of 11.1 MBq/kg of FDG, the maximum standardized uptake value of each pulmonary nodule was
about from 3.8 to 6.4. There were no abnormal lesions except for four pulmonary nodules on
the CT and PET-CT. Primary lung tumor was tentatively diagnosed, and palliative therapy
using 2 mg/kg tramadol and 2.2 mg/kg carprofen twice per day was applied. After the dog’s
euthanasia due to deteriorated clinical signs and poor prognosis, undifferentiated
pulmonary adenocarcinoma was diagnosed through histopathologic and immunochemistry
examination. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study of CT and
PET-CT features of canine pulmonary adenocarcinoma. In this case, multiple pulmonary
adenocarcinoma could be determined on the basis of FDG PET-CT through screening the
obvious distant metastasis and/or lymph node invasions and excluding unknown primary
tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
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33
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Beukers M, Grosso FV, Voorhout G. COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PRESUMED NORMAL CANINE ABDOMINAL LYMPH NODES. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2013; 54:610-7. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Beukers
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University; Yalelaan 10, NL-3508 TD; Utrecht; The Netherlands
| | - Federico Vilaplana Grosso
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University; Yalelaan 10, NL-3508 TD; Utrecht; The Netherlands
| | - George Voorhout
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University; Yalelaan 10, NL-3508 TD; Utrecht; The Netherlands
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Rossi F, Caleri E, Bacci B, Drees R, Groth A, Hammond G, Vignoli M, Schwarz T. Computed tomographic features of basihyoid ectopic thyroid carcinoma in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2013; 54:575-81. [PMID: 23790190 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight dogs with a firm, nonpainful swelling in the ventral laryngeal region and with a final diagnosis of ectopic thyroid carcinoma were investigated by Computed Tomography (CT) at six different institutions. Computed Tomography findings were reviewed, focusing on lesion volume, shape, margins, relationship with surrounding structures and adjacent vessels, attenuation characteristics, and presence of metastases. Ectopic thyroid carcinomas were seen as oval-to-bilobed masses centered on the basihyoid bone with associated bone lysis, highly vascularized capsules with central poorly contrast enhancing areas. In all cases there was laryngeal wall infiltration, in two dogs invasion of the laryngeal lumen and in one case invasion of the ventral muscular and subcutaneous plane. Metastases were found in retropharyngeal lymph nodes (three cases) and in the lung (two cases). Ectopic thyroid carcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis when a mass in the basihyoid region is present. Described CT features may be typical for ectopic thyroid neoplasia and could be used to help decide the therapeutic plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rossi
- Clinica Veterinaria dell'Orologio, Via Gramsci 1/4 40037 Sasso Marconi
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Abstract
SUMMARY The primary purpose of diagnostic imaging is to enable clinicians to make correct decisions about a patient's diagnosis and severity of its condition and, thereby, to contribute to effective and efficient treatment. Advanced imaging modalities are inherently better detectors of morphological lesions than radiography; hence, they offer the possibility of more accurate diagnosis and staging, with correspondingly better patient outcomes. However, there is a lack of evidence that better outcomes are being realised for veterinary patients. Furthermore, increased use of advanced imaging carries the possibility of increased misuse, primarily through unnecessary studies that contribute little to patient management other than increased costs. SCOPE This article is intended to be relevant to all veterinary species. Advanced imaging of cats is not sufficiently developed as a specific discipline that a balanced review could be based purely on feline examples or references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Lamb
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK.
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Armbrust LJ, Biller DS, Bamford A, Chun R, Garrett LD, Sanderson MW. Comparison of three-view thoracic radiography and computed tomography for detection of pulmonary nodules in dogs with neoplasia. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012; 240:1088-94. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.240.9.1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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37
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Laksito MA, Chambers BA, Yates GD. Thoracoscopic-assisted lung lobectomy in the dog: report of two cases. Aust Vet J 2010; 88:263-7. [PMID: 20579032 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2010.00587.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The benefits and application of thoracoscopy with selective ventilation, as an adjunct to thoracotomy, in facilitating pleural exploration and lung lobectomy in two dogs are presented. Similar thoracoscopic-assisted procedures are commonly used in human patients because there is better exposure and they are technically less demanding than thoracoscopy alone, while causing less postoperative morbidity than conventional thoracotomy. There are no previous reports of thoracoscopic-assisted surgery in the veterinary literature. In the cases described, thoracoscopic-assisted mini-thoracotomy was an effective, minimally-invasive approach for ipsilateral hemithorax exploration and lung lobectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Laksito
- The University of Melbourne Veterinary Clinical Centre, Werribee 3030, Victoria, Australia.
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Vignoli M, Buchholz J, Morandi F, Laddaga E, Brunetti B, Rossi F, Terragni R, Sarli G. Primary pulmonary spindle cell tumour (haemangiopericytoma) in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 2008; 49:540-3. [PMID: 18684143 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2008.00610.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Haemangiopericytoma is a soft tissue sarcoma believed to originate from pericytes. These tumours are commonly located on the skin and subcutaneous tissue of dogs and are most commonly found on the limbs. To the authors' knowledge, primary lung haemangiopericytomas have not been previously described in dogs. This case report describes the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of a primary haemangiopericytoma of the lung in a 10-year-old male, neutered, Siberian husky dog. Staging of the tumour was performed using a computed tomography scan of the thorax and a computed tomography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the lesion. Treatment was a right caudal lobectomy from a right lateral approach. No regional lymph node changes were noted on computed tomography or intraoperative assessments. Histopathology confirmed a spindle cell tumour that stained positive for vimentin and negative for desmin and S-100.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vignoli
- Clinica Veterinaria dell'Orologio, 40037 Sasso Marconi, (BO), Italy
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Polton GA, Brearley MJ, Powell SM, Burton CA. Impact of primary tumour stage on survival in dogs with solitary lung tumours. J Small Anim Pract 2008; 49:66-71. [PMID: 17725584 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2007.00403.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine simple prognostic criteria for differentiation of canine solitary lung tumour cases into those that will and will not benefit from thoracic surgery. METHODS This was a retrospective study using the records of cases presented to Davies Veterinary Specialists, Hitchin, UK, from December 1998 to December 2005. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier and logrank methods. Potentially significant variables were evaluated by multivariate Cox analysis. RESULTS Forty-two patients met the inclusion criteria. Primary tumour stage T1, absence of neoplastic lymph nodes and metastases, and papillary tumour type were statistically significant favourable prognostic indicators on univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis attributed significance to primary tumour stage T1 and papillary type only. Median survival times were 555 days for T1N0M0 tumours of papillary type and 72 days for the remainder. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Survival time following surgery in dogs with primary lung tumours was poor except in clinical stage T1N0M0 cases. These data support use of clinical techniques to dichotomise cases as T1N0M0 or other, improving decision making in thoracic surgery. These data validate initiation of prospective studies examining the role of chemotherapy in the management of advanced cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Polton
- Davies Veterinary Specialists, Manor Farm, Business Park, Higham Gobion, Hitchin, Hertfordshire SG5 3HR, UK
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40
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LeBlanc AK, Daniel GB. Advanced imaging for veterinary cancer patients. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2007; 37:1059-77; v-i. [PMID: 17950882 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2007.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This article presents an update on the recent advances made in veterinary advanced imaging specifically with regard to cross-sectional modalities (CT and MRI) and nuclear medicine (positron emission tomography [PET] and PET/CT). A brief summary of technical improvements and a review of recent literature are included to provide an overview of the progress made in this important element of the practicing veterinary oncologist's repertoire. An in-depth summary of PET is also included to introduce the technical aspects and potential clinical and research applications of this novel imaging modality in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K LeBlanc
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, C247 Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Knoxville, TN 37996-4544, USA.
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