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Vornanen M, Badr A, Haverinen J. Cardiac arrhythmias in fish induced by natural and anthropogenic changes in environmental conditions. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb247446. [PMID: 39119881 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
A regular heartbeat is essential for maintaining the homeostasis of the vertebrate body. However, environmental pollutants, oxygen deficiency and extreme temperatures can impair heart function in fish. In this Review, we provide an integrative view of the molecular origins of cardiac arrhythmias and their functional consequences, from the level of ion channels to cardiac electrical activity in living fish. First, we describe the current knowledge of the cardiac excitation-contraction coupling of fish, as the electrical activity of the heart and intracellular Ca2+ regulation act as a platform for cardiac arrhythmias. Then, we compile findings on cardiac arrhythmias in fish. Although fish can experience several types of cardiac arrhythmia under stressful conditions, the most typical arrhythmia in fish - both under heat stress and in the presence of toxic substances - is atrioventricular block, which is the inability of the action potential to progress from the atrium to the ventricle. Early and delayed afterdepolarizations are less common in fish hearts than in the hearts of endotherms, perhaps owing to the excitation-contraction coupling properties of the fish heart. In fish hearts, Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum plays a smaller role than Ca2+ influx through the sarcolemma. Environmental changes and ion channel toxins can induce arrhythmias in fish and weaken their tolerance to environmental stresses. Although different from endotherm hearts in many respects, fish hearts can serve as a translational model for studying human cardiac arrhythmias, especially for human neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Vornanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Ahmed Badr
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, 82524 Sohag, Egypt
| | - Jaakko Haverinen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
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2
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Zhang Y, Chen H, Ma Q, Jia H, Ma H, Du Z, Liu Y, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Guan Y, Ma H. Electrophysiological Mechanism of Catestatin Antiarrhythmia: Enhancement of Ito, IK, and IK1 and Inhibition of ICa-L in Rat Ventricular Myocytes. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e035415. [PMID: 39158577 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.124.035415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease remains one of the leading causes of death globally. Myocardial ischemia and infarction, in particular, frequently cause disturbances in cardiac electrical activity that can trigger ventricular arrhythmias. We aimed to investigate whether catestatin, an endogenous catecholamine-inhibiting peptide, ameliorates myocardial ischemia-induced ventricular arrhythmias in rats and the underlying ionic mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control and catestatin groups. Ventricular arrhythmias were induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery and electrical stimulation. Action potential, transient outward potassium current, delayed rectifier potassium current, inward rectifying potassium current, and L-type calcium current (ICa-L) of rat ventricular myocytes were recorded using a patch-clamp technique. Catestatin notably reduced ventricular arrhythmia caused by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion and electrical stimulation of rats. In ventricular myocytes, catestatin markedly shortened the action potential duration of ventricular myocytes, which was counteracted by potassium channel antagonists TEACl and 4-AP, and ICa-L current channel agonist Bay K8644. In addition, catestatin significantly increased transient outward potassium current, delayed rectifier potassium current, and inward rectifying potassium current density in a concentration-dependent manner. Catestatin accelerated the activation and decelerated the inactivation of the transient outward potassium current channel. Furthermore, catestatin decreased ICa-L current density in a concentration-dependent manner. Catestatin also accelerated the inactivation of the ICa-L channel and slowed down the recovery of ICa-L from inactivation. CONCLUSIONS Catestatin enhances the activity of transient outward potassium current, delayed rectifier potassium current, and inward rectifying potassium current, while suppressing the ICa-L in ventricular myocytes, leading to shortened action potential duration and ultimately reducing the ventricular arrhythmia in rats.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Male
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Chromogranin A/pharmacology
- Chromogranin A/metabolism
- Action Potentials/drug effects
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/metabolism
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/drug effects
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/prevention & control
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/metabolism
- Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/pharmacology
- Heart Ventricles/drug effects
- Heart Ventricles/metabolism
- Heart Ventricles/physiopathology
- Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/metabolism
- Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Potassium Channel Blockers/pharmacology
- Rats
- Patch-Clamp Techniques
- Delayed Rectifier Potassium Channels/metabolism
- Delayed Rectifier Potassium Channels/drug effects
- Potassium Channels/metabolism
- Potassium Channels/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Physiology Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Care Unit Hebei General Hospital Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Qingmin Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology Hebei General Hospital Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Hui Jia
- Department of Physiology Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Department of Physiology Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Zishuo Du
- Department of Physiology Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Xiangjian Zhang
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Physiology Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Yue Guan
- Department of Physiology Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Huijie Ma
- Department of Physiology Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei China
- The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei China
- Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Hebei Province Shijiazhuang Hebei China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease Shijiazhuang Hebei China
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3
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Chen S, Wu S, Lin B. The potential therapeutic value of the natural plant compounds matrine and oxymatrine in cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1417672. [PMID: 39041001 PMCID: PMC11260750 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1417672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Matrine (MT) and Oxymatrine (OMT) are two natural alkaloids derived from plants. These bioactive compounds are notable for their diverse pharmacological effects and have been extensively studied and recognized in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in recent years. The cardioprotective effects of MT and OMT involve multiple aspects, primarily including antioxidative stress, anti-inflammatory actions, anti-atherosclerosis, restoration of vascular function, and inhibition of cardiac remodeling and failure. Clinical pharmacology research has identified numerous novel molecular mechanisms of OMT and MT, such as JAK/STAT, Nrf2/HO-1, PI3 K/AKT, TGF-β1/Smad, and Notch pathways, providing new evidence supporting their promising therapeutic potential against cardiovascular diseases. Thus, this review aims to investigate the potential applications of MT and OMT in treating cardiovascular diseases, encompassing their mechanisms, efficacy, and safety, confirming their promise as lead compounds in anti-cardiovascular disease drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bin Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
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4
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Zhang S, Jia Y, Ma G, Yang Y, Cao Z, Luo A, Zhang Z, Li S, Wen J, Liu H, Ma J. Bupleurum exerts antiarrhythmic effects by inhibiting L-type calcium channels in mouse ventricular myocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 691:149322. [PMID: 38039833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bupleurum (Bup), is a traditional effective medicine to treat colds and fevers in clinics. Multiple studies have demonstrated that Bup exhibites various biological activities, including cardioprotective effects, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antipyretic, antimicrobial, and antiviral effects, etc. Currently, the effects of Bup on cardiac electrophysiology have not been reported yet. METHODS Electrocardiogram recordings were used to investigate the effects of Bup on aconitine-induced arrhythmias. Patch-clamp techniques were used to explore the effects of Bup on APs and ion currents. RESULTS Bup reduced the incidence of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and delayed the onset time of ventricular tachycardia (VT) in mice. Additionally, Bup (40 mg/mL) suppressed DADs induced by high-Ca2+ and shortened action potential duration at 50 % completion of repolarization (APD50) and action potential duration at 90 % completion of repolarization (APD90) to 60.89 % ± 8.40 % and 68.94 % ± 3.24 % of the control, respectively. Moreover, Bup inhibited L-type calcium currents (ICa.L) in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 25.36 mg/mL. Furthermore, Bup affected the gated kinetics of L-type calcium channels by slowing down steady-state activation, accelerating the steady-state inactivation, and delaying the inactivation-recovery process. However, Bup had no effects on the Transient sodium current (INa.T), ATX II-increased late sodium current (INa.L), transient outward current (Ito), delayed rectifier potassium current (IK), or inward rectifier potassium current (IK1). CONCLUSION Bup is an antiarrhythmic agent that may exert its antiarrhythmic effects by inhibiting L-type calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanglin Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yuzhong Jia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Guolan Ma
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Zhenzhen Cao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Antao Luo
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Zefu Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Shihan Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Hanfeng Liu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Jihua Ma
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China; Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
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5
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Yan Z, Zhong L, Zhu W, Chung SK, Hou P. Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases ─ targeting cardiac ion channels. Pharmacol Res 2023; 192:106765. [PMID: 37075871 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, imposing an increasing global health burden. Cardiac ion channels (voltage-gated NaV, CaV, KVs, and others) synergistically shape the cardiac action potential (AP) and control the heartbeat. Dysfunction of these channels, due to genetic mutations, transcriptional or post-translational modifications, may disturb the AP and lead to arrhythmia, a major risk for CVD patients. Although there are five classes of anti-arrhythmic drugs available, they can have varying levels of efficacies and side effects on patients, possibly due to the complex pathogenesis of arrhythmias. As an alternative treatment option, Chinese herbal remedies have shown promise in regulating cardiac ion channels and providing anti-arrhythmic effects. In this review, we first discuss the role of cardiac ion channels in maintaining normal heart function and the pathogenesis of CVD, then summarize the classification of Chinese herbal compounds, and elaborate detailed mechanisms of their efficacy in regulating cardiac ion channels and in alleviating arrhythmia and CVD. We also address current limitations and opportunities for developing new anti-CVD drugs based on Chinese herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Yan
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Ling Zhong
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wandi Zhu
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sookja Kim Chung
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China; Faculty of Medicine & Faculty of Innovation Engineering at Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Panpan Hou
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China; Macau University of Science and Technology Zhuhai MUST Science and Technology Research Institute. Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
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6
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Li Y, Duan H, Yi J, Wang G, Cheng W, Feng L, Liu J. Kv4.2 phosphorylation by PKA drives Kv4.2 - KChIP2 dissociation, leading to Kv4.2 out of lipid rafts and internalization. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C190-C201. [PMID: 35508186 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00307.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sympathetic regulation of the Kv4.2 transient outward potassium current is critical for the acute electrical and contractile response of the myocardium under physiological and pathological conditions. Previous studies have suggested that KChIP2, the key auxiliary subunit of Kv4 channels, is required for the sympathetic regulation of Kv4.2 current densities. Of interest, Kv4.2 and KChIP2, and key components mediating acute sympathetic signaling transduction are present in lipid rafts, which are profoundly involved in regulation of Ito densities in rat ventricular myocytes. However, little is known about the mechanisms of Kv4.2-raft association and its connection with acute sympathetic regulation. With the aid of high-resolution fluorescent microscope, we demonstrate that KChIP2 assists Kv4.2 localization in lipid rafts in HEK293 cells. Moreover, PKA-mediated Kv4.2 phosphorylation, the downstream signaling event of acute sympathetic stimulation, induced dissociation between Kv4.2 and KChIP2, resulting in Kv4.2 shifting out of lipid rafts in KChIP2-expressed HEK293.The mutation that mimics Kv4.2 phosphorylation by PKA similarly disrupted Kv4.2 interaction with KChIP2 and also decreased the surface stability of Kv4.2. The attenuated Kv4.2-KChIP2 interaction was also observed in native neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) upon acute adrenergic stimulation with phenylephrine (PE). Furthermore, PE accelerated internalization of Kv4.2 in native NRVMs, but disruption of lipid rafts dampens this reaction. In conclusion, KChIP2 contributes to targeting Kv4.2 to lipid rafts. Acute adrenergic stimulation induces Kv4.2 - KChIP2 dissociation, leading to Kv4.2 out of lipid rafts and internalization, reinforcing the critical role of Kv4.2-lipid raft association in the essential physiological response of Ito to acute sympathetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Haixia Duan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanwen Cheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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7
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Kim KH, Oh Y, Liu J, Dababneh S, Xia Y, Kim RY, Kim DK, Ban K, Husain M, Hui CC, Backx PH. Irx5 and transient outward K + currents contribute to transmural contractile heterogeneities in the mouse ventricle. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H725-H741. [PMID: 35245131 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00572.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have established that fast transmural gradients of transient outward K+ current (Ito,f) correlate with regional differences in action potential (AP) profile and excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) with high Ito,f expression in the epimyocardium (EPI) being associated with short APs and low contractility and vice versa. Herein, we investigated the effects of disrupted Ito,f gradient on contractile properties using mouse models of Irx5 knockout (Irx5-KO) for selective Ito,f elevation in the endomyocardium (ENDO) of the left ventricle (LV) and Kcnd2 ablation (KV4.2-KO) for selective Ito,freduction in the EPI. Irx5-KO mice exhibited decreased global LV contractility in association with reductions in cell shortening and Ca2+ transient amplitudes in isolated ENDO but not EPI cardiomyocytes. Moreover, transcriptional profiling revealed that the primary effect of Irx5 ablation on ECC-related genes was to increase Ito,f gene expression (i.e. Kcnd2 and Kcnip2) in the ENDO, but not the EPI. Indeed, KV4.2-KO mice showed selective increases in cell shortening and Ca2+ transients in isolated EPI cardiomyocytes, leading to enhanced ventricular contractility and mice lacking both Irx5 and Kcnd2 displayed elevated ventricular contractility comparable to KV4.2-KO mice. Our findings demonstrate that the transmural electromechanical heterogeneities in the healthy ventricles depend on the Irx5-dependent Ito,f gradients. These observations provide a useful framework for assessing the molecular mechanisms underlying the alterations in contractile heterogeneity seen in the diseased heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Han Kim
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yena Oh
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Saif Dababneh
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ying Xia
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ri Youn Kim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dae-Kyum Kim
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kiwon Ban
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mansoor Husain
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chi-Chung Hui
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter H Backx
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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8
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Zhang M, Che C, Cheng J, Li P, Yang Y. Ion channels in stem cells and their roles in stem cell biology and vascular diseases. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 166:63-73. [PMID: 35143836 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy may be a promising option for the treatment of vascular diseases. In recent years, significant progress has been made in stem cell research, especially in the mechanism of stem cell activation, homing and differentiation in vascular repair and reconstruction. Current research on stem cells focuses on protein expression and transcriptional networks. Ion channels are considered to be the basis for the generation of bioelectrical signals, which control the proliferation, differentiation and migration of various cell types. Although heterogeneity of multiple ion channels has been found in different types of stem cells, it is unclear whether the heterogeneous expression of ion channels is related to different cell subpopulations and/or different stages of the cell cycle. There is still a long way to go in clinical treatment by using the regulation of stem cell ion channels. In this review, we reviewed the main ion channels found on stem cells, their expression and function in stem cell proliferation, differentiation and migration, and the research status of stem cells' involvement in vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chang Che
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Pengyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou 646000, China.
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9
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Exploring Functional Differences between the Right and Left Ventricles to Better Understand Right Ventricular Dysfunction. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9993060. [PMID: 34497685 PMCID: PMC8421158 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9993060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The right and left ventricles have traditionally been studied as individual entities. Furthermore, modifications found in diseased left ventricles are assumed to influence on right ventricle alterations, but the connection is poorly understood. In this review, we describe the differences between ventricles under physiological and pathological conditions. Understanding the mechanisms that differentiate both ventricles would facilitate a more effective use of therapeutics and broaden our knowledge of right ventricle (RV) dysfunction. RV failure is the strongest predictor of mortality in pulmonary arterial hypertension, but at present, there are no definitive therapies directly targeting RV failure. We further explore the current state of drugs and molecules that improve RV failure in experimental therapeutics and clinical trials to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension and provide evidence of their potential benefits in heart failure.
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10
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Deo M, Akwaboah A, Tsevi B, Treat JA, Cordeiro JM. Role of the rapid delayed rectifier K + current in human induced pluripotent stem cells derived cardiomyocytes. ARCHIVES OF STEM CELL AND THERAPY 2021; 1:14-18. [PMID: 33604593 PMCID: PMC7889062 DOI: 10.46439/stemcell.1.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makarand Deo
- Department of Engineering, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Akwasi Akwaboah
- Department of Engineering, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Bright Tsevi
- Department of Engineering, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Jacqueline A Treat
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan M Cordeiro
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, New York, USA
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11
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Varró A, Tomek J, Nagy N, Virág L, Passini E, Rodriguez B, Baczkó I. Cardiac transmembrane ion channels and action potentials: cellular physiology and arrhythmogenic behavior. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:1083-1176. [PMID: 33118864 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00024.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are among the leading causes of mortality. They often arise from alterations in the electrophysiological properties of cardiac cells and their underlying ionic mechanisms. It is therefore critical to further unravel the pathophysiology of the ionic basis of human cardiac electrophysiology in health and disease. In the first part of this review, current knowledge on the differences in ion channel expression and properties of the ionic processes that determine the morphology and properties of cardiac action potentials and calcium dynamics from cardiomyocytes in different regions of the heart are described. Then the cellular mechanisms promoting arrhythmias in congenital or acquired conditions of ion channel function (electrical remodeling) are discussed. The focus is on human-relevant findings obtained with clinical, experimental, and computational studies, given that interspecies differences make the extrapolation from animal experiments to human clinical settings difficult. Deepening the understanding of the diverse pathophysiology of human cellular electrophysiology will help in developing novel and effective antiarrhythmic strategies for specific subpopulations and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Varró
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Cardiovascular Pharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jakub Tomek
- Department of Computer Science, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Norbert Nagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Cardiovascular Pharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Virág
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Elisa Passini
- Department of Computer Science, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Blanca Rodriguez
- Department of Computer Science, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - István Baczkó
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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12
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Treat JA, Goodrow RJ, Bot CT, Haedo RJ, Cordeiro JM. Pharmacological enhancement of repolarization reserve in human induced pluripotent stem cells derived cardiomyocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 169:113608. [PMID: 31465775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are used for many applications including safety pharmacology. However, a deficiency or complete absence of several K+ currents suggests repolarization reserve is low in hiPSC-CMs. We determined whether a dual Ito and IKr activator can improve repolarization reserve in hiPSC-CMs resulting in a more electrophysiologically mature phenotype. METHODS AND RESULTS Human iPSC were maintained on growth factor and differentiated into the cardiac phenotype by addition of selective Wnt molecules. Current and voltage clamp recordings in single cells were made using patch electrodes. Extracellular field potentials were made using a microelectrode array on hiPSC monolayers. Action potential recordings from hiPSC-CMs following application of an IKr inhibitor resulted in depolarization of the membrane potential and prolongation of the APD. A flattening of the T-wave was noted on the pseudo-ECG. In contrast, application of the IKr and Ito agonist, NS3623, resulted in hyperpolarization of the membrane, slowing of the spontaneous rate and shortening of the APD. Voltage clamp recording showed a significant increase in IKr; no enhancement of Ito in hiPSC-CMs was noted. AP clamp experiments revealed that IKr plays a role in both phase 3 repolarization and phase 4 depolarization. mRNA analysis revealed that KCNH2 is abundantly expressed in hiPSC-CM, consistent with electrophysiological recordings. CONCLUSIONS Although NS3623 is a dual Ito and IKr activator in ventricular myocytes, application of this compound to hiPSC-CMs enhanced only IKr and no effect on Ito was noted. Our results suggest IKr enhancement can improve repolarization reserve in this cell type. The disconnect between a dramatic increase in Ito in adult myocytes versus the lack of effect in hiPSC-CMs suggest that the translation of pharmacological effects in hiPSC-CM to adult myocytes should be viewed with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline A Treat
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, NY 13501 USA
| | - Robert J Goodrow
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, NY 13501 USA
| | - Corina T Bot
- Nanion Technologies, 1 Naylon Ave. Suite C, Livingston, NJ 07039, USA
| | - Rodolfo J Haedo
- Nanion Technologies, 1 Naylon Ave. Suite C, Livingston, NJ 07039, USA
| | - Jonathan M Cordeiro
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, NY 13501 USA.
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13
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Calloe K. Doctoral Dissertation: The transient outward potassium current in healthy and diseased hearts. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 225 Suppl 717:e13225. [PMID: 30628199 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirstine Calloe
- Section for Anatomy; Biochemistry and Physiology; Department for Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Frederiksberg C Denmark
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14
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Vaverka J, Burša J, Šumbera J, Pásek M. Effect of Transmural Differences in Excitation-Contraction Delay and Contraction Velocity on Left Ventricle Isovolumic Contraction: A Simulation Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4798512. [PMID: 29862273 PMCID: PMC5971307 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4798512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that left ventricle (LV) exhibits considerable transmural differences in active mechanical properties induced by transmural differences in electrical activity, excitation-contraction coupling, and contractile properties of individual myocytes. It was shown that the time between electrical and mechanical activation of myocytes (electromechanical delay: EMD) decreases from subendocardium to subepicardium and, on the contrary, the myocyte shortening velocity (MSV) increases in the same direction. To investigate the physiological importance of this inhomogeneity, we developed a new finite element model of LV incorporating the observed transmural gradients in EMD and MSV. Comparative simulations with the model showed that when EMD or MSV or both were set constant across the LV wall, the LV contractility during isovolumic contraction (IVC) decreased significantly ((dp/dt)max was reduced by 2 to 38% and IVC was prolonged by 18 to 73%). This was accompanied by an increase of transmural differences in wall stress. These results suggest that the transmural differences in EMD and MSV play an important role in physiological contractility of LV by synchronising the contraction of individual layers of ventricular wall during the systole. Reduction or enhancement of these differences may therefore impair the function of LV and contribute to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vaverka
- Institute of Solid Mechanics, Mechatronics and Biomechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - J Burša
- Institute of Solid Mechanics, Mechatronics and Biomechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - J Šumbera
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Pásek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Thermomechanics, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
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15
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Chen X, Qin M, Jiang W, Zhang Y, Liu X. Electrophysiological characteristics of pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and its influence on ventricular arrhythmias. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183671. [PMID: 28863155 PMCID: PMC5580922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the cardiac electrophysiological characteristics of cardiac hypertrophy and its influence on the occurrence of ventricular tachyarrhythmias. METHODS Adult C57BL6 mice were randomly divided into a surgery group and a control group. Thoracic aortic constriction was performed on mice in the surgery group, and cardiac anatomical and ultrasonic evaluations were performed to confirm the success of the cardiac hypertrophy model 4 weeks after the operation. Using the Langendorff method of isolated heart perfusion, monophasic action potentials (MAPs) and the effective refractory period (ERP) at different parts of the heart (including the epi- and endo-myocardium of the left and right ventricles) were measured, and the induction rate of ventricular tachyarrhythmias was observed under programmed electrical stimulus (PES) and burst stimulus. Whole-cell patch-clamp was used to obtain the I-V characteristics of voltage-gated potassium channels in cardiomyocytes of different parts of the heart (including the epi- and endo-myocardium of the left and right ventricles) as well as the channels' properties of steady-state inactivation and recovery from inactivation. RESULTS The ratio of heart weight to body weight and the ratio of left ventricular weight to body weight in the surgery group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Ultrasonic evaluation revealed that both interventricular septal diameter (IVSD) and left ventricle posterior wall diameter (LVPWD) in the surgery group were significantly larger than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Under PES and burst stimuli, the induction rates of arrhythmias in the surgery group significantly increased, reaching 41.2% and 23.5%, respectively. Both the QT interval and action potential duration (APD) in the surgery group were significantly longer than in the control group (P<0.01), and the changes showed obvious spatial heterogeneity. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings demonstrated that the surgery group had significantly lower potassium current densities (IPeak, Ito, IKur, Iss, and IK1) at different parts of the heart than the control group (P < 0.01), and there were significant differences in the half-inactivation voltage (V1/2) and the inactivation-recovery time constant (τ) of Ito and IKur at different parts of the heart (P < 0.01) between the surgery group and the control group. In addition, the surgery group had significantly lower densities of IPeak, Ito, and IKur in cells of the endo-myocardium (P < 0.05), and the changes showed obvious spatial heterogeneity. CONCLUSION Changes in the current density and function of potassium channels contributed to irregular repolarization in cardiac hypertrophy, and the spatially heterogeneous changes of the channels may increase the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias that accompany cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mu Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (XL); (MQ)
| | - Weifeng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (XL); (MQ)
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16
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Luo W, Jia Y, Zheng S, Li Y, Han J, Meng X. Changes in the action potential and transient outward potassium current in cardiomyocytes during acute cardiac rejection in rats. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:129-137. [PMID: 28203415 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.01.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute cardiac rejection contributes to the changes in the electrophysiological properties of grafted hearts. However, the electrophysiological changes of cardiomyocytes during acute cardiac rejection are still unknown. An understanding of the electrophysiological mechanisms of cardiomyocytes could improve the diagnosis and treatment of acute cardiac rejection. So it is important to characterize the changes in the action potential (AP) and the transient outward potassium current (Ito ) in cardiomyocytes during acute cardiac rejection. METHODS Heterotopic heart transplantation was performed in allogeneic [Brown Norway (BN)-to-Lewis] and isogeneic (BN-to-BN) rats. Twenty models were established in each group. Ten recipients were sacrificed at the 2nd day and the other ten recipients were sacrificed at the 4th day after the operation in each group. Histopathological examinations of the grafted hearts were performed in half of the recipients in each group randomly. The other half of the grafted hearts were excised rapidly and enzymatically dissociated to obtain single cardiomyocytes. The AP and Ito current were recorded using the whole cell patch-clamp technique. RESULTS Forty grafted hearts were successfully harvested and used in experiments. Histologic examination showed mild rejection at the 2nd day and moderate rejection at the 4th day in the allogeneic group after cardiac transplantation, while no evidence of histologic lesions of rejection were observed in the isogeneic group. Compared with the isogeneic group, the action potential duration (APD) of cardiomyocytes in the allogeneic group was significantly prolonged (APD90 was 49.28±5.621 mV in the isogeneic group and 88.08±6.445 mV in the allogeneic group at the 2nd day, P=0.0016; APD90 was 59.34±5.183 mV in the isogeneic group and 104.0±9.523 mV in the allogeneic group at the 4th day, P=0.0064). The current density of Ito was significantly decreased at the 4th day after cardiac transplantation. CONCLUSIONS The APD of cardiomyocytes was significantly prolonged during acute cardiac rejection in rats, which might be partly attributed to decreased current densities of Ito .
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Luo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yixin Jia
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shuai Zheng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jie Han
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xu Meng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing 100029, China
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