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Weaver C, Antony M, Fite J, Murugan P, Nelson AC, Manivel JC. Cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART): a newly characterized neuropeptide in human prostate. Biotech Histochem 2023; 98:508-522. [PMID: 37615074 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2023.2245328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) is a somatostatin-like polypeptide. CART has been localized in the CNS, hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, pancreatic islets and enteric nervous system. We investigated the cellular localization of CART in normal human prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and acinar adenocarcinoma. CART was assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH), and its gene expression was identified by RTqPCR. We found cellular expression of CART in both normal prostatic luminal secretory epithelial cells neuroendocrine cells (NEC) of both ducts and acini. The cellular appearance indicated a cycle of neuropeptide synthesis and secretion as validated by ISH/IHC concordance. RTqPCR analysis also validated the immunohistochemical data and gene expression, which both indicated low to moderate expression in prostatic tissues. CART expression also was increased in both neuroendocrine and glandular epithelial cell populations from samples of benign prostatic hyperplasia as validated by IHC, ISH and RTqPCR. CART expression was markedly diminished and, in some cases, entirely absent in tissues of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and adenocarcinoma. Owing to loss of CART expression in adenocarcinoma and its increase in benign prostatic hyperplasia, CART may prove to be an important prostate marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyprian Weaver
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Lillihei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Marie Antony
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jack Fite
- Lillihei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Paari Murugan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Andrew C Nelson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Stadler B, Whittaker MR, Exintaris B, Middendorff R. Oxytocin in the Male Reproductive Tract; The Therapeutic Potential of Oxytocin-Agonists and-Antagonists. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:565731. [PMID: 33193084 PMCID: PMC7642622 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.565731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, the role of oxytocin and oxytocin-like agents (acting via the oxytocin receptor and belonging to the oxytocin-family) in the male reproductive tract is considered. Previous research (dating back over 60 years) is revised and connected with recently found aspects of the role oxytocin plays in male reproductive health. The local expression of oxytocin and its receptor in the male reproductive tract of different species is summarized. Colocalization and possible crosstalk to other agents and receptors and their resulting effects are discussed. The role of the newly reported oxytocin focused signaling pathways in the male reproductive tract, other than mediating contractility, is critically examined. The structure and effect of the most promising oxytocin-agonists and -antagonists are reviewed for their potential in treating male disorders with origins in the male reproductive tract such as prostate diseases and ejaculatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Stadler
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael R. Whittaker
- Drug Discovery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Betty Exintaris
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ralf Middendorff
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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Li Z, Xiao H, Wang K, Zheng Y, Chen P, Wang X, DiSanto ME, Zhang X. Upregulation of Oxytocin Receptor in the Hyperplastic Prostate. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:403. [PMID: 30123183 PMCID: PMC6085439 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is complex, both age and androgen are thought to be important. However, the failure of androgen blockade treatments suggests other paracrine/autocrine factors involved in BPH. Oxytocin was found to have a paracrine/autocrine role in prostate in recent years. The influence of BPH on prostatic oxytocin receptor (OTR) expression has never been studied. Material and methods: A testosterone-estradiol induced rat model of BPH was employed and human hyperplastic prostate specimens were harvested. Expressions of OTR, α1-adrenoreceptor subtypes and nitric oxide synthase isoforms were determined via real-time RT-PCR. OTR was further analyzed with Western-Blotting and histological examination. Subsequently, rat epithelial cells, human stromal cells and epithelial cells were cultured in vitro and treated with gradient concentrations of OT from 1 to 5 days. Cell proliferation was tested by Cell Counting Kit-8 and Flow Cytometry. Results: The rat BPH model was validated with significant increased prostate weight. H-E stain revealed a different histopathology between human and rat BPH. Masson's trichrome staining demonstrated that smooth muscle (SM) cells, epithelium cells and collagen fibers were simultaneously augmented in this rat BPH model and human BPH samples. OTR mainly localized in epithelium in rat prostate whereas it mainly localized in stroma in human prostate. OTR gene was upregulated 3.3-fold in rat BPH and 3.0-fold in human BPH, along with increased expression of 2.0-fold α1aARs and 3.0-fold eNOS for rat BPH and 5.0-fold α1aARs for human BPH. The expression of OTR protein was upregulated 1.4-fold in rat BPH and 3.9-fold in human BPH, respectively. Increased concentrations of exogenous OT can accelerate proliferation of rat epithelial cells and human stromal cells but has no impact on human epithelial cells in vitro. Flow Cytometry showed oxytocin could significantly increase G2/M period cell number. Conclusions: Our novel data demonstrates a significant and previously undocumented upregulation of OTR in both rat and human BPH. Moreover, exogenous OT accelerates proliferation of rat prostate epithelial cells and human prostate stromal cells. It is suggested OTR is involved in the development of BPH and OT regulatory system could be a potential new target for the BPH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infection, Department of Urology, Shenzhen Sixth People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - He Xiao
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kebing Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infection, Department of Urology, Shenzhen Sixth People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuelan Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Children's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Michael E. DiSanto
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Surgery of Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xinhua Zhang
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Sendemir E, Herbert Z, Sivukhina E, Zermann DH, Arnold R, Jirikowski GF. Colocalization of Androgen Binding Protein, Oxytocin Receptor, Caveolin 1 and Proliferation Marker p21 in Benign Prostate Hyperplasia. Anat Histol Embryol 2008; 37:325-31. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2008.00848.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sendemir A, Sendemir E, Kosmehl H, Jirikowski GF. Expression of sex hormone-binding globulin, oxytocin receptor, caveolin-1 and p21 in leiomyoma. Gynecol Endocrinol 2008; 24:105-12. [PMID: 17952758 DOI: 10.1080/09513590701690274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interaction of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and oxytocin (OT) is among the factors that control smooth muscle proliferation and tumor growth through the oxytocin receptor (OTR). Also, a close functional interaction of OTR and caveolin-1 has been shown to modulate cell growth and proliferation. METHODS We studied surgical samples from 23 leiomyoma patients (aged 33-66 years) with immunocytochemistry. Specimens from five patients (34-76 years), who had hysterectomy for other reasons, served as controls. Tissue samples were cut into serial 1-microm thick sections for co-localization of SHBG, OTR, proliferation marker p21 and caveolin-1. RESULTS SHBG was found in smooth muscle cells in all samples. OTR staining occurred in most of these cells in myomas, while controls contained only scattered cells positive for OTR. There were no apparent differences in immunostaining for p21, while immunoreactivity for caveolin-1 was observed in most cells in myomas and in only few cells in controls. Caveolin-1 was mostly co-localized with SHBG and OTR in myoma samples whereas controls showed this co-localization only occasionally. CONCLUSIONS Our observations indicate an interaction of SHBG and OTR, associated with caveolin-1, which may account in part for known non-genomic actions of ovarian steroids. Growth of leiomyomas may be linked to these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynur Sendemir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helios Klinikum Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
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Herbert Z, Bötticher G, Aschoff A, Sendemir E, Zermann DH, Arnold R, Mall G, Jirikowski GF. Changing caveolin-1 and oxytocin receptor distribution in the ageing human prostate. Anat Histol Embryol 2007; 36:361-5. [PMID: 17845226 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2007.00775.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several observations suggest that caveolin-1 has an important role in control of cell proliferation and cancerogenesis. For instance, oxytocin provokes a proliferative response in the prostate tissue when the oxytocin receptor is localized mainly in caveolin-1-enriched domains and an anti-proliferative effect when the same receptor is not localized in caveolae. Moreover, oxytocin concentrations are elevated in prostate tissue of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). In this study the expression pattern of the molecules caveolin-1, oxytocin receptor, androgen receptor and p21 (cell cycle arrest indicator) was investigated in the prostate tissue of BPH patients and of young controls. We found that both caveolin-1 and oxytocin receptor expression is drastically increased with age in both smooth muscle and epithelium of the prostate. We also found a significantly increased co-localization of the oxytocin receptor with caveolin-1 in both the muscle and the epithelium, especially in BPH patients. Androgen receptor and p21 staining was found throughout the prostate but did not change significantly with age or in BPH patients. We conclude that oxytocin may have a proliferative effect on the prostate tissue through the caveolae-associated receptors and thus contribute to BPH. This process seems to be androgen receptor independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Herbert
- Department of Biology II, Institute of Neurobiology, LMU, München, Germany.
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Nicholson HD, Whittington K. Oxytocin and the human prostate in health and disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 2007; 263:253-86. [PMID: 17725969 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(07)63006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin is a peptide hormone produced by the neurohypophysis. The discovery that the peptide is produced locally within the male and female reproductive tracts has raised the possibility that oxytocin may have paracrine and autocrine actions outside of the nervous system. Oxytocin and its receptor have been identified in the human prostate. The prostate is an androgen-dependent organ whose function is to secrete components of the seminal fluid. Oxytocin has been shown to modulate contractility of prostate tissue and also to regulate local concentrations of the biologically active androgens. Oxytocin has also been shown to regulate cell growth. Prostate disease is common and results from abnormal growth of the gland. Oxytocin concentrations are altered in both benign and malignant prostate diseases and in vitro studies suggest that the peptide may be involved in the pathophysiology of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen D Nicholson
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, University of Otago, New Zealand
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Thackare H, Nicholson HD, Whittington K. Oxytocin--its role in male reproduction and new potential therapeutic uses. Hum Reprod Update 2006; 12:437-48. [PMID: 16436468 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmk002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) is traditionally thought of as a "female" neurohypophysis hormone due to its role in parturition and milk ejection. However, OT is recognized as having endocrine and paracrine roles in male reproduction. At ejaculation, a burst of OT is released from the neurohypophysis into the systemic circulation and stimulates contractions of the reproductive tract aiding sperm release. There is conclusive evidence that OT is synthesized within the mammalian testis, epididymis and prostate and the presence of OT receptors (OTRs) through the reproductive tract supports a local action for this peptide. OT has a paracrine role in stimulating contractility of the seminiferous tubules, epididymis and the prostate gland. Interestingly, OT has also been shown to modulate androgen levels in these tissues via stimulation of the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestostone (DHT) by 5alpha-reductase. The elucidation of OT's role in male reproduction has suggested a number of potential therapeutic uses for this hormone. Exogenous administration of OT has, in some cases, been shown to increase the numbers of ejaculated sperm, possibly by stimulating contractions of the reproductive tract and thus aiding sperm passage. Within the prostate, OT has been shown to affect gland growth both directly and via its interaction with androgen metabolism. Prostate pathologies due to unregulated cell proliferation/growth, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia and cancer, are unfortunately very common and few effective treatments are available. Greater understanding of paracrine growth mediators, such as OT, is likely to provide new mechanisms for treating such pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemlata Thackare
- Clinical Science at South Bristol (Obstetrics & Gynaecology), Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrated Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol, UK
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Herbert Z, Weigel S, Sendemir E, Marshall A, Caldwell JD, Petrusz P, Peuckert C, Jirikowski GF. Androgen-binding protein is co-expressed with oxytocin in the male reproductive tract. Anat Histol Embryol 2005; 34:286-93. [PMID: 16159369 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2005.00605.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Androgen-binding protein (ABP) and the posterior lobe hormone oxytocin (OT) were co-localized in male rat reproductive organs. Immunostaining of serial semi-thin sections revealed a high rate of coexistence of both antigens in Sertoli cells and in the epithelial cells of the prostate. There was a considerably less co-localization of OT and ABP in epithelial cells of the epididymis, and in the different tissues of the ductus deferens. In situ hybridization with synthetic oligonucleotides complementary to a fragment of ABP mRNA showed specific staining in the same sites that were immunostained for ABP. ABP was isolated by affinity chromatography from homogenates of testis, epididymis, prostate and the content of the prostate lumen. Identical protein patterns could be shown with surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry in all samples except for the epididymis indicating that ABP structure is similar in all these tissues. ABP seems to be expressed in specified cells throughout the male rat reproductive tract. Most of these cells appear to be oxytocinergic. ABP and OT have previously been detected in the ejaculate. The observed epithelial cells are likely to be their source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Herbert
- Department of Anatomy II, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Fink JW, McLeod BJ, Assinder SJ, Parry LJ, Nicholson HD. Seasonal Changes in Mesotocin and Localization of Its Receptor in the Prostate of the Brushtail Possum (Trichosurus vulpecula). Biol Reprod 2005; 72:470-8. [PMID: 15496513 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.104.035006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The prostate gland in the brushtail possum grows and regresses seasonally. It has similarities to the human prostate and may therefore provide a unique model for investigating prostatic hyperplasia. Oxytocin has been implicated in the regulation of prostate growth in eutherian mammals, and the initial aim of this study was to identify and localize the marsupial equivalent, mesotocin, and its receptor in the prostate of the brushtail possum. Seasonal changes in prostatic mesotocin concentrations and receptor localization were then assessed and related to prostate growth. Mesotocin and mesotocin receptor gene transcripts with high sequence homology to eutherian oxytocin/oxytocin receptors were demonstrated, and mesotocin, neurophysin, and the receptor were all localized predominantly in the epithelial cells of the glandular acini. Western blot analysis confirmed the presence of a single immunoreactive receptor protein of approximately 60 Mr-3. Prostatic mesotocin concentrations were highest immediately before the increases in prostate weight associated with the autumn and spring breeding periods. At this time, mesotocin receptors were also present in the prostatic capsule in addition to those present in the glandular tissue. Mesotocin concentrations proceeded to decrease in association with the regression of prostate size toward the end of the breeding periods. No significant differences were present in serum testosterone or dihydrotestosterone throughout the year. The identification of mesotocin and its receptor in the possum prostate and the demonstration of seasonal changes in local mesotocin concentrations preceding changes in prostate size suggests that mesotocin may play a physiological role in regulating prostate growth and regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo W Fink
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Assinder SJ, Nicholson HD. Effects of steroids on oxytocin secretion by the human prostate in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 27:12-8. [PMID: 14718041 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2004.00439.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) concentrations are elevated in prostate tissue of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Oxytocin specifically increases growth, 5 alpha-reductase activity and contractility in the prostate. In the rat prostatic OT concentrations are regulated by gonadal steroids, with androgens reducing but oestrogens increasing OT concentrations. The regulation of prostatic oxytocin in man is not understood. This study investigates the effects of gonadal steroids on oxytocin production by the human prostate. Primary explants (approx. 1 mm3) of prostate tissue from patients with BPH were incubated in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's media in the absence or presence of 10 nmol/L testosterone (T), 10 nmol/L dihydrotestosterone (DHT), T or DHT plus 100 nmol/L of the anti-androgen cyproterone acetate (CPA), 55 pmol/L diethylstilbestrol (DES), or DES plus DHT. The amount of oxytocin secreted into the media after 3 days was measured by radioimmunoassay. Testosterone and DHT significantly increased oxytocin concentrations secreted into the media from 0.86 +/- 0.11 ng/g of tissue (control) to 1.51 +/- 0.14 ng/g (p < 0.01) and 1.54 +/- 0.13 ng/g (p < 0.05), respectively. Incubation of tissue samples with CPA resulted in oxytocin concentrations similar to control levels. Treatment with DES caused a significant increase from 1.99 +/- 0.71 to 3.98 +/- 1.36 ng/g (p < 0.05). A similar increase was measured in media of tissue incubated in DES plus DHT (p < 0.001). The results demonstrate that, unlike the rat where androgens decrease oxytocin, in hyperplastic human prostate tissue both androgens and oestrogens increase oxytocin. This imbalance in the regulation of oxytocin may result in promoting prostatic overgrowth in the pathogenesis of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Assinder
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Andrology Research Group of Otago, School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Parry LJ, Bathgate RA. Mesotocin receptor gene and protein expression in the prostate gland, but not testis, of the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii. Biol Reprod 1998; 59:1101-7. [PMID: 9780315 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod59.5.1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that systemic oxytocin (OT) causes contractions of the prostate gland during ejaculation in eutherians, although functional OT receptors in this tissue have not been identified. Male marsupials secrete mesotocin (MT) from the pituitary and have relatively large, muscular prostate glands, so we examined MT receptors (MTRs) in the reproductive tract of the male tammar wallaby at the mRNA and protein level. We first obtained a partial (588 base pair) sequence of the tammar MTR cDNA that showed high homology to eutherian OT receptors (74-77%) and low homology to vasopressin receptors (38-52%). Analysis by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction demonstrated MTR mRNA in the adult, juvenile, and pouch young prostate and epididymis, but not testis. MTR transcripts were observed in the smooth muscle layers surrounding the urethral lumen and in the fibromuscular capsule. There was a single high-affinity 125I-D(CH2)5[Tyr(Me)2, Tyr4, Orn8, Tyr-NH29]-vasotocin (125I-OTA) binding site in the adult prostate. Competitive binding assays revealed identical ligand-binding profiles to the myometrium MTR (OTA > OT = MT > arginine vasopressin [AVP] antagonist > AVP). A lower-affinity 125I-OTA-binding site was present in the testis, with ligand-binding profiles indicating binding to vasopressin receptors. MTR concentrations in the prostate were 8-fold lower than concentrations in the myometrium. Our data demonstrate the presence of an MTR gene and functional receptor protein in the prostate gland, but not the testis, of the tammar. Localization of MTRs to the smooth muscle fibers in the capsule and surrounding the urethral lumen suggests a contractile function for MT during ejaculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Parry
- Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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Plećas B, Popović A, Urgresić N. Rat accessory sex glands response to oxytocin under different light regimens. ARCHIVES INTERNATIONALES DE PHYSIOLOGIE, DE BIOCHIMIE ET DE BIOPHYSIQUE 1994; 102:281-4. [PMID: 7894032 DOI: 10.3109/13813459409007547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Effects of oxytocin (0.25 IU OT/100 g/d for 3 days) on accessory sex glands structure and catecholamine content were examined in rats kept on two different light regimens. In 12 h light/12 h dark conditions ventral prostate responded to OT by a regression of the epithelial component and an increase in dopamine content. Coagulating gland structure was not affected, but noradrenaline content of the seminal vesicle+coagulating gland complex was enhanced. Constant lighting per se caused atrophic changes in the prostatic epithelium, evident by decreased total volume and by increased percentage of acini containing cuboidal epithelium. OT treatment considerably prevented the epithelial atrophy without affecting catecholamines level. In the seminal vesicle+coagulating gland complex it reduced the dopamine content. Since this light regimen elevated the plasma ACTH, the altered accessory sex gland response to OT seems to be due to the stress-induced changes in the neuro-endocrine factors conditioning their function. The effects of OT on accessory glands catecholamine content indicate interferences with their autonomic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Plećas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Yugoslavia
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Plećas B, Popović A, Jovović D, Hristić M. Mitotic activity and cell deletion in ventral prostate epithelium of intact and castrated oxytocin-treated rats. J Endocrinol Invest 1992; 15:249-53. [PMID: 1512414 DOI: 10.1007/bf03348721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous study has shown that oxytocin (OT) attenuated the postcastration regression of ventral prostate epithelium in rats. To decide if this effect is associated with stimulation of cell division or improvement of cell survival, metaphase index of secretory cells and frequency of apoptotic bodies in the epithelium, combined with stereological parameters, were determined in the present study. OT was injected subcutaneously in a dose of 0.25 IU/100 g/d during 5 postorchiectomal days and the same treatment was applied to intact rats. Only the prostate of castrated animals responded to OT. They had greater total volume of the epithelium, total number and metaphase index of secretory cells, but lower frequency of apoptotic bodies. These findings demonstrate the ability of OT to stimulate mitotic activity and to diminish mortality of secretory cells caused by orchiectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Plećas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Yugoslavia
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