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Santos L, Behrens L, Barbosa C, Tiefensee-Ribeiro C, Rosa-Silva H, Somensi N, Brum PO, Silveira AK, Rodrigues MS, de Oliveira J, Gelain DP, Almeida RF, Moreira JCF. Histone 3 Trimethylation Patterns are Associated with Resilience or Stress Susceptibility in a Rat Model of Major Depression Disorder. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5718-5737. [PMID: 38225513 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03912-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a severe and multifactorial psychiatric condition. Evidence has shown that environmental factors, such as stress, significantly explain MDD pathophysiology. Studies have hypothesized that changes in histone methylation patterns are involved in impaired glutamatergic signaling. Based on this scenario, this study aims to investigate histone 3 involvement in depression susceptibility or resilience in MDD pathophysiology by investigating cellular and molecular parameters related to i) glutamatergic neurotransmission, ii) astrocytic functioning, and iii) neurogenesis. For this, we subjected male Wistar rats to the Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS) model of depression. We propose that by evaluating the sucrose consumption, open field, and object recognition test performance from animals submitted to CUMS, it is possible to predict with high specificity rats with susceptibility to depressive-like phenotype and resilient to the depressive-like phenotype. We also demonstrated, for the first time, that patterns of H3K4me3, H3K9me3, H3K27me3, and H3K36me3 trimethylation are strictly associated with the resilient or susceptible to depressive-like phenotype in a brain-region-specific manner. Additionally, susceptible animals have reduced DCx and GFAP and resilient animals present increase of AQP-4 immunoreactivity. Together, these results provide evidence that H3 trimethylations are related to the development of the resilient or susceptible to depressive-like phenotype, contributing to further advances in the pathophysiology of MDD and the discovery of mechanisms behind resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Santos
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Luiza Behrens
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila Barbosa
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila Tiefensee-Ribeiro
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Helen Rosa-Silva
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nauana Somensi
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ozorio Brum
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandre Kleber Silveira
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus Scarpatto Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Investigação de Desordens Metabólicas e Doenças Neurodegenerativas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jade de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Investigação de Desordens Metabólicas e Doenças Neurodegenerativas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Pens Gelain
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberto F Almeida
- Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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2
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Rodrigues MS, do Nascimento NB, Farias HR, Schons T, Machado AG, Behenck E, Mesquita A, Krolow Bast R, Budni J, Engblom D, de Bem AF, de Oliveira J. Microglia contribute to cognitive decline in hypercholesterolemic LDLr -/- mice. J Neurochem 2024; 168:1565-1586. [PMID: 37694813 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is caused by mutations in the gene that encodes the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, which leads to an excessive increase in plasma LDL cholesterol levels. Previous studies have shown that FH is associated with gliosis, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and memory impairment, but the mechanisms associated with these events are still not fully understood. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of microgliosis in the neurochemical and behavioral changes associated with FH using LDL receptor knockout (LDLr-/-) mice. We noticed that microgliosis was more severe in the hippocampus of middle-aged LDLr-/- mice, which was accompanied by microglial morphological changes and alterations in the immunocontent of synaptic protein markers. At three months of age, the LDLr-/- mice already showed increased microgliosis and decreased immunocontent of claudin-5 in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Subsequently, 6-month-old male C57BL/6 wild-type and LDLr-/- mice were treated once daily for 30 days with minocycline (a pharmacological inhibitor of microglial cell reactivity) or vehicle (saline). Adult LDLr-/- mice displayed significant hippocampal memory impairment, which was ameliorated by minocycline treatment. Non-treated LDLr-/- mice showed increased microglial density in all hippocampal regions analyzed, a process that was not altered by minocycline treatment. Region-specific microglial morphological analysis revealed different effects of genotype or minocycline treatment on microglial morphology, depending on the hippocampal subregion analyzed. Moreover, 6-month-old LDLr-/- mice exhibited a slight but not significant increase in IBA-1 immunoreactivity in the PFC, which was reduced by minocycline treatment without altering microglial morphology. Minocycline treatment also reduced the presence of microglia within the perivascular area in both the PFC and hippocampus of LDLr-/- mice. However, no significant effects of either genotype or minocycline treatment were observed regarding the phagocytic activity of microglia in the PFC and hippocampus. Our results demonstrate that hippocampal microgliosis, microglial morphological changes, and the presence of these glial cells in the perivascular area, but not increased microglial phagocytic activity, are associated with cognitive deficits in a mouse model of FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Scarpatto Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Natalia Baltazar do Nascimento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Hemelin Resende Farias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Taina Schons
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Gonçalves Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Behenck
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Ariadni Mesquita
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rachel Krolow Bast
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Josiani Budni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - David Engblom
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience (CSAN), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Jade de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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3
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He K, Zhao Z, Zhang J, Li D, Wang S, Liu Q. Cholesterol Metabolism in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024. [PMID: 38842175 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2024.0674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Significance: Cholesterol plays a crucial role in the brain, where it is highly concentrated and tightly regulated to support normal brain functions. It serves as a vital component of cell membranes, ensuring their integrity, and acts as a key regulator of various brain processes. Dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism in the brain has been linked to impaired brain function and the onset of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. Recent Advances: A significant advancement has been the identification of astrocyte-derived apoliprotein E as a key regulator of de novo cholesterol biosynthesis in neurons, providing insights into how extracellular signals influence neuronal cholesterol levels. In addition, the development of antibody-based therapies, particularly for AD, presents promising opportunities for therapeutic interventions. Critical Issues: Despite significant research, the association between cholesterol and neurodegenerative diseases remains inconclusive. It is crucial to distinguish between plasma cholesterol and brain cholesterol, as these pools are relatively independent. This differentiation should be considered when evaluating statin-based treatment approaches. Furthermore, assessing not only the total cholesterol content in the brain but also its distribution among different types of brain cells is essential. Future Direction: Establishing a causal link between changes in brain/plasma cholesterol levels and the onset of brain dysfunction/neurodegenerative diseases remains a key objective. In addition, conducting cell-specific analyses of cholesterol homeostasis in various types of brain cells under pathological conditions will enhance our understanding of cholesterol metabolism in neurodegenerative diseases. Manipulating cholesterol levels to restore homeostasis may represent a novel approach for alleviating neurological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Dingfeng Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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4
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de Oliveira J, Moreira ELG, de Bem AF. Beyond cardiovascular risk: Implications of Familial hypercholesterolemia on cognition and brain function. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 93:102149. [PMID: 38056504 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a metabolic condition caused mainly by a mutation in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor gene (LDLR), which is highly prevalent in the population. Besides being an important causative factor of cardiovascular diseases, FH has been considered an early risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Cognitive and emotional behavioral impairments in LDL receptor knockout (LDLr-/-) mice are associated with neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, impaired neurogenesis, brain oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Notably, today, LDLr-/- mice, a widely used animal model for studying cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis, are also considered an interesting tool for studying dementia. Here, we reviewed the main findings in LDLr-/- mice regarding the relationship between FH and brain dysfunctions and dementia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade de Oliveira
- Laboratory of investigation on metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Luiz Gasnhar Moreira
- Neuroscience Coworking Lab, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Andreza Fabro de Bem
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Metabolism, Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Federal District, DF 70910-900, Brazil; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040360, Brazil.
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Dong YT, Cao K, Xiang J, Qi XL, Xiao Y, Yu WF, He Y, Hong W, Guan ZZ. Resveratrol Attenuates the Disruption of Lipid Metabolism Observed in Amyloid Precursor Protein/Presenilin 1 Mouse Brains and Cultured Primary Neurons Exposed to Aβ. Neuroscience 2023; 521:134-147. [PMID: 37142180 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
To examine whether resveratrol (RSV), an activator of silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1), can reverse the disruption of lipid metabolism caused by β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), APP/PS1 mice or cultured primary rat neurons were treated with RSV, suramin (inhibitor of SIRT1), ZLN005, a stimulator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), or PGC-1α silencing RNA. In the brains of the APP/PS1 mice, expressions of SIRT1, PGC-1α, low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and very LDLR (VLDLR) were reduced at the protein and, in some cases, mRNA levels; while the levels of the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), apolipoprotein E (ApoE), total cholesterol and LDL were all elevated. Interestingly, these changes were reversed by administration of RSV, while being aggravated by suramin. Furthermore, activation of PGC-1α, but inhibition of SIRT1, decreased the levels of PCSK9 and ApoE, while increased those of LDLR and VLDLR in the neurons exposed to Aβ, and silencing PGC-1α, but activation of SIRT1, did not influence the levels of any of these proteins. These findings indicate that RSV can attenuate the disruption of lipid metabolism observed in the brains of APP mice and in primary neurons exposed to Aβ by activating SIRT1, in which the mechanism may involve subsequently affecting PGC-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Ting Dong
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang 550004, PR China; Department of Pathology at the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Kun Cao
- Department of Pathology at the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Department of Pathology at the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Xiao-Lan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Wen-Feng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Yan He
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Wei Hong
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Guan
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang 550004, PR China; Department of Pathology at the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, PR China.
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Czuba-Pakuła E, Głowiński S, Wójcik S, Lietzau G, Zabielska-Kaczorowska M, Kowiański P. The extent of damage to the blood-brain barrier in the hypercholesterolemic LDLR -/-/Apo E -/- double knockout mice depends on the animal's age, duration of pathology and brain area. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 125:103860. [PMID: 37182573 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the effects of hypercholesterolemia (Hch) exerted on the central nervous system (CNS) is damage to the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Increased permeability of BBB results from structural changes in the vascular wall, loss of the tight junctions and barrier function, as well as alterations in the concentration of proteins located in the layers of the vascular wall. These changes occur in the course of metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. The important role in the course of these processes is attributed to agrin, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and aquaporin-4. In this study, we aimed to determine: 1) the extent of Hch-induced damage to the BBB during maturation, and 2) the distribution of the above-mentioned markers in the vascular wall. Immunohistochemical staining and confocal microscopy were used for vascular wall protein assessment. The size of BBB damage was studied based on perivascular leakage of fluorescently labeled dextran. Three- and twelve-month-old male LDLR-/-/Apo E-/- double knockout mice (EX) developing Hch were used in the study. Age-matched male wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice were used as a control group. Differences in the concentration of studied markers coexisted with BBB disintegration, especially in younger mice. A relationship between the maturation of the vascular system and reduction of the BBB damage was also observed. We conclude that the extent of BBB permeability depends on animal age, duration of Hch, and brain region. These may explain different susceptibility of various brain areas to Hch, and different presentation of this pathology depending on age and its duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Czuba-Pakuła
- Division of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Głowiński
- Institute of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Bohaterów Westerplatte 64, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland.
| | - Sławomir Wójcik
- Division of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Grażyna Lietzau
- Division of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Zabielska-Kaczorowska
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 1 Dębinki Str., 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, 1 Dębinki Str., 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Kowiański
- Division of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; Institute of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Bohaterów Westerplatte 64, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland.
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7
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Vieira ADC, Medeiros EB, Zabot GC, Pereira NDS, do Nascimento NB, Lidio AV, Scheffer ÂK, Rempel LCT, Macarini BMN, Costa MDA, Gonçalves CL, Kucharska E, Rodrigues MS, Moreira JCF, de Oliveira J, Budni J. Neuroprotective effects of combined therapy with memantine, donepezil, and vitamin D in ovariectomized female mice subjected to dementia model. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 122:110653. [PMID: 36195205 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Women older than 60 have a higher risk of dementia, aging-related cognitive decline, and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) than the rest of the population. The main reason is hormonal senescence after menopause, a period characterized by a decline in estrogen levels. Since the effectiveness of drugs currently approved for the treatment of AD is limited, it is necessary to seek the development of new therapeutic strategies. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in AD patients and individuals with dementia in general. The supplementation of this vitamin in dementia patients might be an interesting approach for increasing the effectiveness of pre-existing medications for dementia treatment. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the effect of vitamin D treatment associated with memantine and donepezil in female mice submitted to ovariectomy (OVX) for five months and subjected to a dementia animal model induced by intracerebroventricular injection of aggregated amyloid βeta (Aβ1-42). For this purpose, Balb/c mice were divided into five experimental groups, which received 17 days of combined therapy with vitamin D, donepezil, and memantine. Then, animals were subjected to behavioral tests. OVX groups exhibited reduced levels of estradiol (E2) in serum, which was not altered by the combined therapy. Higher levels of vitamin D3 were found in the OVX animals submitted to the triple-association treatment. Mice exposed to both OVX and the dementia animal model presented impairment in short and long-term spatial and habituation memories. Also, female mice exposed to Aβ and OVX exhibited a reduction in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) levels, and an increase in tumor necrose factor-α (TNFα) levels in the hippocampus. Besides, increased levels of IL-1β in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex were observed, as well as a significant increase in immunoreactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an astrocytes marker, in the hippocampus. Notably, triple-association treatment reversed the effects of the exposition of mice to Aβ and OVX in the long-term spatial and habituation memories impairment, as well as reversed changes in TNFα, IL-1β, IL-4, and GFAP immunoreactivity levels in the hippocampus of treated animals. Our results indicate that the therapeutic association of vitamin D, memantine, and donepezil has beneficial effects on memory performance and attenuated the neuroinflammatory response in female mice subjected to OVX associated with a dementia animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Daniela Coutinho Vieira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Behenck Medeiros
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Casagrande Zabot
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Nathalia de Souza Pereira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Natália Baltazar do Nascimento
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Adrielly Vargas Lidio
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Ândrea Kohlrausch Scheffer
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Lisienny Campoli Tono Rempel
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Maiara de Aguiar Costa
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Cinara Ludvig Gonçalves
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Ewa Kucharska
- Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie Wydział Pedagogiczny Instytut Nauk o Wychowaniu, Krakow, Poland
| | - Matheus Scarpatto Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jade de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Josiane Budni
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
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8
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Rodrigues MS, Martins JN, Paula GCDE, Venturini LM, Silveira GDEB, Streck EL, Budni J, Ávila RAMDE, Bem AFDE, Silveira PCL, Oliveira JDE. Effects of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia and gold nanoparticles treatment on peripheral tissues. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20211081. [PMID: 36541976 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220211081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is a lipid molecule of great biological importance to animal cells. Dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism leads to raised blood total cholesterol levels, a clinical condition called hypercholesterolemia. Evidence has shown that hypercholesterolemia is associated with the development of liver and heart disease. One of the mechanisms underlying heart and liver alterations induced by hypercholesterolemia is oxidative stress. In this regard, in several experimental studies, gold nanoparticles (AuNP) displayed antioxidant properties. We hypothesized that hypercholesterolemia causes redox system imbalance in the liver and cardiac tissues, and AuNP treatment could ameliorate it. Young adult male Swiss mice fed a regular rodent diet or a high cholesterol diet for eight weeks and concomitantly treated with AuNP (2.5 μg/kg) or vehicle by oral gavage. Hypercholesterolemia increased the nitrite concentration and glutathione (GSH) levels and decreased the liver's superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Also, hypercholesterolemia significantly enhanced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and GSH levels in cardiac tissue. Notably, AuNP promoted the redox system homeostasis, increasing the SOD activity in hepatic tissue and reducing ROS levels in cardiac tissue. Overall, our data showed that hypercholesterolemia triggered oxidative stress in mice's liver and heart, which was partially prevented by AuNP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus S Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Bioquímica, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 90035-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Julia N Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Bioquímica, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 90035-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela C DE Paula
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Box 117, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ligia M Venturini
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Av. Universitária, 1105, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo DE B Silveira
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Av. Universitária, 1105, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Emílio L Streck
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Av. Universitária, 1105, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Josiani Budni
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Av. Universitária, 1105, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Machado DE Ávila
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Av. Universitária, 1105, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Andreza F DE Bem
- Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Paulo C L Silveira
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Av. Universitária, 1105, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Jade DE Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Bioquímica, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 90035-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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9
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Amyloid β, Lipid Metabolism, Basal Cholinergic System, and Therapeutics in Alzheimer’s Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012092. [PMID: 36292947 PMCID: PMC9603563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of insoluble aggregates of amyloid β (Aβ) in the form of neuritic plaques (NPs) is one of the main features that define Alzheimer’s disease. Studies have suggested that the accumulation of these peptides in the brain significantly contributes to extensive neuronal loss. Furthermore, the content and distribution of cholesterol in the membrane have been shown to have an important effect on the production and subsequent accumulation of Aβ peptides in the plasma membrane, contributing to dysfunction and neuronal death. The monomeric forms of these membrane-bound peptides undergo several conformational changes, ranging from oligomeric forms to beta-sheet structures, each presenting different levels of toxicity. Aβ peptides can be internalized by particular receptors and trigger changes from Tau phosphorylation to alterations in cognitive function, through dysfunction of the cholinergic system. The goal of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the role of lipids in Alzheimer’s disease and their relationship with the basal cholinergic system, as well as potential disease-modifying therapies.
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10
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Relationship between Brain Metabolic Disorders and Cognitive Impairment: LDL Receptor Defect. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158384. [PMID: 35955522 PMCID: PMC9369234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The low-density-lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) removes low-density lipoprotein (LDL), an endovascular transporter that carries cholesterol from the bloodstream to peripheral tissues. The maintenance of cholesterol content in the brain, which is important to protect brain function, is affected by LDLr. LDLr co-localizes with the insulin receptor and complements the internalization of LDL. In LDLr deficiency, LDL blood levels and insulin resistance increase, leading to abnormal cholesterol control and cognitive deficits in atherosclerosis. Defects in brain cholesterol metabolism lead to neuroinflammation and blood–brain-barrier (BBB) degradation. Moreover, interactions between endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) and mitochondria are induced by ox-LDL accumulation, apolipoprotein E (ApoE) regulates the levels of amyloid beta (Aβ) in the brain, and hypoxia is induced by apoptosis induced by the LDLr defect. This review summarizes the association between neurodegenerative brain disease and typical cognitive deficits.
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11
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Falsetti L, Viticchi G, Zaccone V, Guerrieri E, Moroncini G, Luzzi S, Silvestrini M. Shared Molecular Mechanisms among Alzheimer’s Disease, Neurovascular Unit Dysfunction and Vascular Risk Factors: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020439. [PMID: 35203654 PMCID: PMC8962428 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, affecting 24 million individuals. Clinical and epidemiological studies have found several links between vascular risk factors (VRF), neurovascular unit dysfunction (NVUd), blood-brain barrier breakdown (BBBb) and AD onset and progression in adulthood, suggesting a pathogenetic continuum between AD and vascular dementia. Shared pathways between AD, VRF, and NVUd/BBB have also been found at the molecular level, underlining the strength of this association. The present paper reviewed the literature describing commonly shared molecular pathways between adult-onset AD, VRF, and NVUd/BBBb. Current evidence suggests that VRF and NVUd/BBBb are involved in AD neurovascular and neurodegenerative pathology and share several molecular pathways. This is strongly supportive of the hypothesis that the presence of VRF can at least facilitate AD onset and progression through several mechanisms, including NVUd/BBBb. Moreover, vascular disease and several comorbidities may have a cumulative effect on VRF and worsen the clinical manifestations of AD. Early detection and correction of VRF and vascular disease by improving NVUd/BBBd could be a potential target to reduce the overall incidence and delay cognitive impairment in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Falsetti
- Internal and Subintensive Medicine Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Ospedali Riuniti” di Ancona, 60100 Ancona, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-071-596-5269
| | - Giovanna Viticchi
- Neurologic Clinic, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (G.V.); (S.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Zaccone
- Internal and Subintensive Medicine Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Ospedali Riuniti” di Ancona, 60100 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Emanuele Guerrieri
- Emergency Medicine Residency Program, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy;
| | | | - Simona Luzzi
- Neurologic Clinic, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (G.V.); (S.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Mauro Silvestrini
- Neurologic Clinic, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (G.V.); (S.L.); (M.S.)
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12
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Gupta M, Weaver DF. Axonal plasma membrane-mediated toxicity of cholesterol in Alzheimer's disease: A microsecond molecular dynamics study. Biophys Chem 2021; 281:106718. [PMID: 34808480 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2021.106718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is increasingly being recognized as an immune-mediated disease of brain. Since physiological brain health and brain immune function is dependent upon homeostatic neuronal membrane structure and function, alterations in membrane lipid biochemistry may predispose to disease. Brain is rich in cholesterol, and cholesterol metabolism dysfunction is a known risk factor for AD. Employing extensive microsecond all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we investigated the properties of model neuronal membranes as a function of cholesterol concentration; phospholipid and phospholipid/cholesterol bilayers were also simulated to compare against available experimental data. Increased cholesterol concentrations compact and stiffen the lipid membrane, reducing permeability while modulating local water densities in the peri-membranous environment. Conversely, lower cholesterol mole fraction yields membranes with increased molecular disorder, enhanced fluidity, higher molecular tilting, and augmented interdigitation between bilayer leaflet lipids. Our findings provide a molecular insight on effect of cholesterol composition on various biochemical processes occurring at neuronal axon plasma membrane. These calculations also endeavor to establish a membrane-based link between cholesterol as an AD risk factor and possible AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Gupta
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Donald F Weaver
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto M5T 0S8, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M55 3H6, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 2C4, Canada; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada.
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13
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de Oliveira J, Kucharska E, Garcez ML, Rodrigues MS, Quevedo J, Moreno-Gonzalez I, Budni J. Inflammatory Cascade in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis: A Review of Experimental Findings. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102581. [PMID: 34685563 PMCID: PMC8533897 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide. Most AD patients develop the disease in late life, named late onset AD (LOAD). Currently, the most recognized explanation for AD pathology is the amyloid cascade hypothesis. It is assumed that amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation and deposition are critical pathogenic processes in AD, leading to the formation of amyloid plaques, as well as neurofibrillary tangles, neuronal cell death, synaptic degeneration, and dementia. In LOAD, the causes of Aβ accumulation and neuronal loss are not completely clear. Importantly, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption seems to present an essential role in the induction of neuroinflammation and consequent AD development. In addition, we propose that the systemic inflammation triggered by conditions like metabolic diseases or infections are causative factors of BBB disruption, coexistent inflammatory cascade and, ultimately, the neurodegeneration observed in AD. In this regard, the use of anti-inflammatory molecules could be an interesting strategy to treat, delay or even halt AD onset and progression. Herein, we review the inflammatory cascade and underlying mechanisms involved in AD pathogenesis and revise the anti-inflammatory effects of compounds as emerging therapeutic drugs against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90050-000, Brazil; (J.d.O.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Ewa Kucharska
- Faculty of Education, Institute of Educational Sciences, Jesuit University Ignatianum in Krakow, 31-501 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Michelle Lima Garcez
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil;
| | - Matheus Scarpatto Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90050-000, Brazil; (J.d.O.); (M.S.R.)
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth, The University of Texas Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciuma 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, IBIMA, 29010 Malaga, Spain;
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 29010 Malaga, Spain
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Josiane Budni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma 88806-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-48431-2539
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14
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de Oliveira J, Engel DF, de Paula GC, Dos Santos DB, Lopes JB, Farina M, Moreira ELG, de Bem AF. High Cholesterol Diet Exacerbates Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in LDLr-/- Mice: Impact on Cognitive Function. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 78:97-115. [PMID: 32925052 PMCID: PMC7683087 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Evidence has revealed an association between familial hypercholesterolemia and cognitive impairment. In this regard, a connection between cognitive deficits and hippocampal blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown was found in low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice (LDLr–/–), a mouse model of familial hypercholesterolemia. Objective: Herein we investigated the impact of a hypercholesterolemic diet on cognition and BBB function in C57BL/6 wild-type and LDLr–/–mice. Methods: Animals were fed with normal or high cholesterol diets for 30 days. Thus, wild-type and LDLr–/–mice were submitted to memory paradigms. Additionally, BBB integrity was evaluated in the mice’s prefrontal cortices and hippocampi. Results: A tenfold elevation in plasma cholesterol levels of LDLr–/–mice was observed after a hypercholesterolemic diet, while in wild-type mice, the hypercholesterolemic diet exposure increased plasma cholesterol levels only moderately and did not induce cognitive impairment. LDLr–/–mice presented memory impairment regardless of the diet. We observed BBB disruption as an increased permeability to sodium fluorescein in the prefrontal cortices and hippocampi and a decrease on hippocampal claudin-5 and occludin mRNA levels in both wild-type and LDLr–/–mice treated with a hypercholesterolemic diet. The LDLr–/–mice fed with a regular diet already presented BBB dysfunction. The BBB-increased leakage in the hippocampi of LDLr–/–mice was related to high microvessel content and intense astrogliosis, which did not occur in the control mice. Conclusion: Therefore, LDLr–/–mice seem to be more susceptible to cognitive impairments and BBB damage induced by exposure to a high cholesterol diet. Finally, BBB disruption appears to be a relevant event in hypercholesterolemia-induced brain alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)M, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Daiane F Engel
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Gabriela C de Paula
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Danúbia B Dos Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Jadna B Lopes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Farina
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Eduardo L G Moreira
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Andreza F de Bem
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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15
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Rodrigues MS, de Paula GC, Duarte MB, de Rezende VL, Possato JC, Farias HR, Medeiros EB, Feuser PE, Streck EL, de Ávila RAM, Bast RKSS, Budni J, de Bem AF, Silveira PCL, de Oliveira J. Nanotechnology as a therapeutic strategy to prevent neuropsychomotor alterations associated with hypercholesterolemia. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 201:111608. [PMID: 33618084 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia has been linked to neurodegenerative disease development. Previously others and we demonstrated that high levels of plasma cholesterol-induced memory impairments and depressive-like behavior in mice. More recently, some evidence reported that a hypercholesterolemic diet led to motor alterations in rodents. Peripheral inflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, and neuroinflammation seem to be the connective factors between hypercholesterolemia and brain disorders. Herein, we aimed to investigate whether treatment with gold nanoparticles (GNPs) can prevent the inflammation, BBB disruption, and behavioral changes related to neurodegenerative diseases and depression, induced by hypercholesterolemic diet intake in mice. Adult Swiss mice were fed a standard or a high cholesterol diet for eight weeks and concomitantly treated with either vehicle or GNPs by the oral route. At the end of treatments, mice were subjected to behavioral tests. After that, the blood, liver, and brain structures were collected for biochemical analysis. The high cholesterol diet-induced an increase in the plasma cholesterol levels and body weight of mice, which were not modified by GNPs treatment. Hypercholesterolemia was associated with enhanced liver tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), BBB dysfunction in the hippocampus and olfactory bulb, memory impairment, cataleptic posture, and depressive-like behavior. Notably, GNPs administration attenuated liver inflammation, BBB dysfunction, and improved behavioral and memory deficits in hypercholesterolemic mice. Also, GNPs increased mitochondrial complex I activity in the prefrontal cortex of mice. It is worth highlight that GNPs' administration did not cause toxic effects in the liver and kidney of mice. Overall, our results indicated that GNPs treatment potentially mitigated peripheral, brain, and memory impairments related to hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Scarpatto Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Mariane Bernardo Duarte
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Victoria Linden de Rezende
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jonathann Correa Possato
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Hemelin Resende Farias
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Behenck Medeiros
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Paulo Emilio Feuser
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Emilio Luiz Streck
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Rachel Krolow Santos Silva Bast
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Josiane Budni
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Andreza Fabro de Bem
- Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Paulo César Lock Silveira
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jade de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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16
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de Bem AF, Krolow R, Farias HR, de Rezende VL, Gelain DP, Moreira JCF, Duarte JMDN, de Oliveira J. Animal Models of Metabolic Disorders in the Study of Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Overview. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:604150. [PMID: 33536868 PMCID: PMC7848140 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.604150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of metabolic disorders, as well as of neurodegenerative diseases—mainly the sporadic forms of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease—are increasing worldwide. Notably, obesity, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia have been indicated as early risk factors for sporadic forms of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. These conditions share a range of molecular and cellular features, including protein aggregation, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction, all of which contribute to neuronal death and cognitive impairment. Rodent models of obesity, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia exhibit all the hallmarks of these degenerative diseases, and represent an interesting approach to the study of the phenotypic features and pathogenic mechanisms of neurodegenerative disorders. We review the main pathological aspects of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease as summarized in rodent models of obesity, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreza Fabro de Bem
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brazilia, Brazil
| | - Rachel Krolow
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Hémelin Resende Farias
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Victória Linden de Rezende
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daniel Pens Gelain
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - João Miguel das Neves Duarte
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jade de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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17
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da Silva Fiorin F, do Espírito Santo CC, do Nascimento RS, Cassol G, Plácido E, Santos ARS, Marques JLB, Brocardo PS, Fighera MR, Royes LFF. Capsaicin-sensitive fibers mediate periorbital allodynia and activation of inflammatory cells after traumatic brain injury in rats: Involvement of TRPV1 channels in post-traumatic headache. Neuropharmacology 2020; 176:108215. [PMID: 32574651 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic headache (PTH) is a condition that frequently affects individuals after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Inflammation is one of the major causes of this disability. However, little is known about the trigger for, and endurance of, this painful process. Thus, the involvement of fibers containing the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels on the PTH and inflammation after TBI through neonatal treatment with capsaicin are investigated. Fluid percussion injury (FPI) in adult male Wistar rats caused periorbital allodynia in one, three and seven days after injury, and the neonatal treatment reversed the painful sensation in seven days. The lack of TRPV1 channels reduced the activation of macrophages and glial cells induced by TBI in the trigeminal system, which were characterized by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium binding adapter molecule-1 (IBA-1) immune content in the ipsilateral trigeminal ganglion, brainstem, and perilesional cortex. Immunofluorescence analyses of the ipsilateral Sp5C nucleus demonstrated a hypertrophic astrocytes profile after TBI which was reduced with treatment. Moreover, effects of succinate sumatriptan (SUMA - 1 mg/kg), TRPV1 selective antagonist capsazepine (CPZ - 2 mg/kg), and TRP non-selective antagonist ruthenium red (RR - 3 mg/kg) were evaluated. Although all mentioned drugs reduced the painful sensation, SUMA and CPZ demonstrated a stronger effect compared to the RR treatment, reinforcing the involvement of TRPV1 channels in periorbital allodynia after TBI. Hence, this report suggests that TRPV1-containing fibers and TRPV1 channels are able to induce inflammation of the trigeminal system and maintain the painful sensation after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando da Silva Fiorin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Dor e Inflamação, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Cunha do Espírito Santo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Dor e Inflamação, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Raphael Santos do Nascimento
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica e Eletrônica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Cassol
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Evelini Plácido
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Neuroplasticidade, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Adair Roberto Soares Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Dor e Inflamação, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Luiz Brum Marques
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica e Eletrônica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Patricia S Brocardo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Neuroplasticidade, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Michele Rechia Fighera
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Freire Royes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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18
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Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Bosco F, Scicchitano M, Scarano F, Nucera S, Zito MC, Ruga S, Carresi C, Macrì R, Guarnieri L, Maiuolo J, Tavernese A, Coppoletta AR, Nicita C, Mollace R, Palma E, Muscoli C, Belzung C, Mollace V. Cholesterol homeostasis: Researching a dialogue between the brain and peripheral tissues. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105215. [PMID: 33007421 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis is a highly regulated process in human body because of its several functions underlying the biology of cell membranes, the synthesis of all steroid hormones and bile acids and the need of trafficking lipids destined to cell metabolism. In particular, it has been recognized that peripheral and central nervous system cholesterol metabolism are separated by the blood brain barrier and are regulated independently; indeed, peripherally, it depends on the balance between dietary intake and hepatic synthesis on one hand and its degradation on the other, whereas in central nervous system it is synthetized de novo to ensure brain physiology. In view of this complex metabolism and its relevant functions in mammalian, impaired levels of cholesterol can induce severe cellular dysfunction leading to metabolic, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this review is to clarify the role of cholesterol homeostasis in health and disease highlighting new intriguing aspects of the cross talk between its central and peripheral metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Caterina Nicita
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta, Rome, Italy.
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19
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Lee H, Kim E. Repositioning medication for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease to delay the onset and prevent progression of Alzheimer's disease. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:932-960. [PMID: 32909178 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01268-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder. As with other common chronic diseases, multiple risk factors contribute to the onset and progression of AD. Many researchers have evaluated the epidemiologic and pathophysiological association between AD, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and cerebrovascular diseases (CBVDs), including commonly reported risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Relevant therapies of CVDs/CBVDs for the attenuation of AD have also been empirically investigated. Considering the challenges of new drug development, in terms of cost and time, multifactorial approaches such as therapeutic repositioning of CVD/CBVD medication should be explored to delay the onset and progression of AD. Thus, in this review, we discuss our current understanding of the association between cardiovascular risk factors and AD, as revealed by clinical and non-clinical studies, as well as the therapeutic implications of CVD/CBVD medication that may attenuate AD. Furthermore, we discuss future directions by evaluating ongoing trials in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeyoung Lee
- Department of Clinical Medicinal Sciences, Konyang University, 121 Daehakro, Nonsan, 32992, Republic of Korea
| | - EunYoung Kim
- Evidence-Based Research Laboratory, Division of Clinical Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Kao YC, Ho PC, Tu YK, Jou IM, Tsai KJ. Lipids and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041505. [PMID: 32098382 PMCID: PMC7073164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids, as the basic component of cell membranes, play an important role in human health as well as brain function. The brain is highly enriched in lipids, and disruption of lipid homeostasis is related to neurologic disorders as well as neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Aging is associated with changes in lipid composition. Alterations of fatty acids at the level of lipid rafts and cerebral lipid peroxidation were found in the early stage of AD. Genetic and environmental factors such as apolipoprotein and lipid transporter carrying status and dietary lipid content are associated with AD. Insight into the connection between lipids and AD is crucial to unraveling the metabolic aspects of this puzzling disease. Recent advances in lipid analytical methodology have led us to gain an in-depth understanding on lipids. As a result, lipidomics have becoming a hot topic of investigation in AD, in order to find biomarkers for disease prediction, diagnosis, and prevention, with the ultimate goal of discovering novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chia Kao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (Y.-C.K.); (P.-C.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chuan Ho
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (Y.-C.K.); (P.-C.H.)
| | - Yuan-Kun Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan; (Y.-K.T.); (I.-M.J.)
| | - I-Ming Jou
- Department of Orthopedics, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan; (Y.-K.T.); (I.-M.J.)
| | - Kuen-Jer Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (Y.-C.K.); (P.-C.H.)
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-235-3535-4254; Fax: +886-6-275-8781
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21
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Butterfield DA, Mattson MP. Apolipoprotein E and oxidative stress in brain with relevance to Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 138:104795. [PMID: 32036033 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inheritance of apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) is a major risk factor for development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This lipoprotein, in contrast to apoE2, has arginine residues at positions 112 and 158 in place of cysteines in the latter isoform. In apoE3, the Cys at residue 158 is replaced by an arginine residue. This differential amino acid composition of the three genotypes of APOE have profound influence on the structure, binding properties, and multiple functions of this lipoprotein. Moreover, AD brain is under a high degree of oxidative stress, including that associated with amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) oligomers. Lipid peroxidation produces the highly reactive and neurotoxic molecule, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) that forms covalent bonds with cysteine residues (Cys) [as well as with Lys and His residues]. Covalently modified Cys significantly alter structure and function of modified proteins. HNE bound to Cys residue(s) on apoE2 and apoE3 lessens the chance of HNE damage other proteins. apoE4, lacking Cys residues, is unable to scavenge HNE, permitting this latter neurotoxic molecule to lead to oxidative modification of neuronal proteins and eventual cell death. We posit that this lack of HNE scavenging activity in apoE4 significantly contributes to the association of APOE4 inheritance and increased risk of developing AD. Apoe knock-out mice provide insights into the role of this lipoprotein in oxidative stress. Targeted replacement mice in which the mouse gene of Apoe is separately replaced by the human APOE2, APOE3, or APOE4 genes, while keeping the mouse promoter assures the correct location and amount of the human protein isoform. Human APOE targeted replacement mice have been used to investigate the notion that oxidative damage to and death of neurons in AD and its earlier stages is related to APOE genotype. This current paper reviews the intersection of human APOE genotype, oxidative stress, and diminished function of this lipoprotein as a major contributing risk factor for development of AD. Discussion of potential therapeutic strategies to mitigate against the elevated risk of developing AD with inheritance of the APOE4 allele also is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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22
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de Oliveira J, Engel DF, de Paula GC, Melo HM, Lopes SC, Ribeiro CT, Delanogare E, Moreira JCF, Gelain DP, Prediger RD, Gabilan NH, Moreira ELG, Ferreira ST, de Bem AF. LDL Receptor Deficiency Does not Alter Brain Amyloid-β Levels but Causes an Exacerbation of Apoptosis. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 73:585-596. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jade de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Daiane F. Engel
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Gabriela C. de Paula
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Helen M. Melo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Samantha C. Lopes
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Camila T. Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Eslen Delanogare
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - José Claudio F. Moreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Daniel P. Gelain
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Rui D. Prediger
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Nelson H. Gabilan
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Eduardo Luiz G. Moreira
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Sergio T. Ferreira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Andreza F. de Bem
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brasil
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23
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De Paula GC, de Oliveira J, Engel DF, Lopes SC, Moreira ELG, Figueiredo CP, Prediger RD, Fabro de Bem A. Red wine consumption mitigates the cognitive impairments in low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLr -/-) mice. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 24:978-988. [PMID: 31910791 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1704472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although the benefits of moderate intake of red wine in decreasing incidence of cardiovascular diseases associated to hypercholesterolemia are well recognized, there are still widespread misconceptions about its effects on the hypercholesterolemia-related cognitive impairments. Herein we investigated the putative benefits of regular red wine consumption on cognitive performance of low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLr-/-) mice, an animal model of familial hypercholesterolemia, which display cognitive impairments since early ages. The red wine was diluted into the drinking water to a final concentration of 6% ethanol and was available for 60 days for LDLr-/- mice fed a normal or high-cholesterol diet. The results indicated that moderate red wine consumption did not alter locomotor parameters and liver toxicity. Across multiple cognitive tasks evaluating spatial learning/reference memory and recognition/identification memory, hypercholesterolemic mice drinking red wine performed significantly better than water group, regardless of diet. Additionally, immunofluorescence assays indicated a reduction of astrocyte activation and lectin stain in the hippocampus of LDLr-/- mice under consumption of red wine. These findings demonstrate that the moderate consumption of red wine attenuates short- and long-term memory decline associated with hypercholesterolemia in mice and suggest that it could be through a neurovascular action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jade de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Extremo Sul Catarinense University, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Daiane Fátima Engel
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rui Daniel Prediger
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Andreza Fabro de Bem
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.,Department of Physiological Science, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
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24
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Carvalho-Silva M, Gomes LM, de Prá SDT, Wessler LB, Schuck PF, Scaini G, de Bem AF, Blum-Silva CH, Reginatto FH, de Oliveira J, Streck EL. Evidence of hippocampal astrogliosis and antioxidant imbalance after L-tyrosine chronic administration in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:193-200. [PMID: 31705440 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00511-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinemia type II is a genetic disorder characterized by elevated blood levels of the amino acid tyrosine caused by the deficiency of tyrosine aminotransferase enzyme, resulting in neurologic and developmental difficulties in the patients. Although neurological sequelae are common in Tyrosinemia type II patients, the mechanisms involved are still poorly understood. The oxidative stress appears to be, at least in part, responsible for neurological complication in this inborn error metabolism. We observed that an acute injection of tyrosine in rats caused a massive oxidative stress in different brain structures. The glutathione system and superoxide dismutase enzyme are relevant antioxidant strategies of the cells and tissues, including in the brain. Other important point is the strong relation between oxidative damage and inflammatory events. Herein, we investigated the effects of chronic administration of tyrosine in the hippocampus of young rats, with emphasis in the activity of GSH related enzymes and superoxide dismutase enzyme, and the astrocytosis. We observed that rats exposed to high levels of tyrosine presented an increased content of tyrosine, which was associated with an increment in the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase as well as with a diminished activity of superoxide dismutase. This antioxidant imbalance was accompanied by enhanced glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity, a marker of astrocytes, in the brain area studied. In conclusion, hippocampus astrogliosis is also a characteristic of brain alteration in Tyrosinemia. In addition, the chronic exposition to high levels of tyrosine is associated with an alteration in the activity of fundamental antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Carvalho-Silva
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Lara M Gomes
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Samira Dal-Toé de Prá
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Leticia B Wessler
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Patricia F Schuck
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andreza Fabro de Bem
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Carlos H Blum-Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Flávio H Reginatto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Jade de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90035-000, Brazil
| | - Emilio L Streck
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil.
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Engel DF, Grzyb AN, de Oliveira J, Pötzsch A, Walker TL, Brocardo PS, Kempermann G, de Bem AF. Impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis in a mouse model of familial hypercholesterolemia: A role for the LDL receptor and cholesterol metabolism in adult neural precursor cells. Mol Metab 2019; 30:1-15. [PMID: 31767163 PMCID: PMC6812372 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective In familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), mutations in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLr) gene result in increased plasma LDL cholesterol. Clinical and preclinical studies have revealed an association between FH and hippocampus-related memory and mood impairment. We here asked whether hippocampal pathology in FH might be a consequence of compromised adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Methods We evaluated hippocampus-dependent behavior and neurogenesis in adult C57BL/6JRj and LDLr−/− mice. We investigated the effects of elevated cholesterol and the function of LDLr in neural precursor cells (NPC) isolated from adult C57BL/6JRj mice in vitro. Results Behavioral tests revealed that adult LDLr−/− mice showed reduced performance in a dentate gyrus (DG)-dependent metric change task. This phenotype was accompanied by a reduction in cell proliferation and adult neurogenesis in the DG of LDLr−/− mice, suggesting a potential direct impact of LDLr mutation on NPC. Exposure of NPC to LDL as well as LDLr gene knockdown reduced proliferation and disrupted transcriptional activity of genes involved in endogenous cholesterol synthesis and metabolism. The LDL treatment also induced an increase in intracellular lipid storage. Functional analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed parallel modulation of distinct regulatory networks upon LDL treatment and LDLr knockdown. Conclusions Together, these results suggest that high LDL levels and a loss of LDLr function, which are characteristic to individuals with FH, might contribute to a disease-related impairment in adult hippocampal neurogenesis and, consequently, cognitive functions. The LDLr −/− mice show impaired hippocampal related behaviour and adult neurogenesis. In vitro exposure of NPC to LDL and LDLr knock-down reduces cell proliferation. LDL exposure induces lipid storage in NPC. In vitro LDL and LDLr knock-down in NPC modulates distinct regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane F Engel
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Anna N Grzyb
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Dresden, Germany; CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jade de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Pötzsch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Dresden, Germany; CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tara L Walker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Dresden, Germany; CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Patricia S Brocardo
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Gerd Kempermann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Dresden, Germany; CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreza F de Bem
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
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Rosa JM, Pazini FL, Olescowicz G, Camargo A, Moretti M, Gil-Mohapel J, Rodrigues ALS. Prophylactic effect of physical exercise on Aβ 1-40-induced depressive-like behavior: Role of BDNF, mTOR signaling, cell proliferation and survival in the hippocampus. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 94:109646. [PMID: 31078612 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive impairments as well as non-cognitive symptoms such as depressed mood. Physical exercise has been proposed as a preventive strategy against AD and depression, an effect that may be related, at least partially, to its ability to prevent impairments on cell proliferation and neuronal survival in the hippocampus, a structure implicated in both cognition and affective behavior. Here, we investigated the ability of treadmill exercise (4 weeks) to counteract amyloid β1-40 peptide-induced depressive-like and anxiety-like behavior in mice. Moreover, we addressed the role of the BDNF/mTOR intracellular signaling pathway as well as hippocampal cell proliferation and survival in the effects of physical exercise and/or Aβ1-40. Aβ1-40 administration (400 pmol/mouse, i.c.v.) increased immobility time and reduced the latency to immobility in the forced swim test, a finding indicative of depressive-like behavior. In addition, Aβ1-40 administration also decreased time spent in the center of the open field and increased grooming and defecation, alterations indicative of anxiety-like behavior. These behavioral alterations were accompanied by a reduction in the levels of mature BDNF and mTOR (Ser2448) phosphorylation in the hippocampus. In addition, Aß1-40 administration reduced cell proliferation and survival in the ventral, dorsal and entire dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Importantly, most of these behavioral, neurochemical and structural impairments induced by Aβ1-40 were not observed in mice subjected to 4 weeks of treadmill exercise. These findings indicate that physical exercise has the potential to prevent the occurrence of early emotional disturbances associated with AD and this appears to be mediated, at least in part, by modulation of hippocampal BDNF and mTOR signaling as well as through promotion of cell proliferation and survival in the hippocampal DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Rosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Francis L Pazini
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Olescowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Anderson Camargo
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Morgana Moretti
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Joana Gil-Mohapel
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Island Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ana Lúcia S Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil.
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Schneider J. Music therapy and dementia care practice in the United Kingdom: A British Association for Music Therapy membership survey. BRITISH JOURNAL OF MUSIC THERAPY 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1359457518799854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The place of music therapy in the spectrum of musical interventions in dementia care needs to be better understood in light of the ‘supply’ and ‘demand’ of this provision. A semi-structured, online survey of British Association for Music Therapy members and affiliates was undertaken in summer 2017. It asked respondents to report on employment practice and settings, and experience in dementia-related music therapy. It asked about training received and given, and what barriers prevent wider availability of music therapy for people with dementia in the United Kingdom. Replies came from 188 people, 142 of whom were working with people with dementia. Most respondents reported working in the public or voluntary sector, but one in five was self-employed. Most (61%) were employed in residential care or hospital settings, for an average of 20 hours per week. The main factor that would increase music therapy provision in dementia care was seen as ‘greater awareness’ of music therapy amongst the general public and within the National Health Service. Nearly one-quarter (23%) thought that training and development could help increase provision. This was the largest survey undertaken to date of dementia practice by Music Therapists in the United Kingdom. It has implications for recruitment, professional development, promotion of the specialism and research.
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Zhou CC, Gao ZY, Wang J, Wu MQ, Hu S, Chen F, Liu JX, Pan H, Yan CH. Lead exposure induces Alzheimers’s disease (AD)-like pathology and disturbes cholesterol metabolism in the young rat brain. Toxicol Lett 2018; 296:173-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Antidepressant effects of creatine on amyloid β 1-40-treated mice: The role of GSK-3β/Nrf 2 pathway. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 86:270-278. [PMID: 29753049 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive synaptic dysfunction and neuronal lost in specific brain areas including hippocampus, resulting in memory/learning deficits and cognitive impairments. In addition, non-cognitive symptoms are reported in AD patients, such as anxiety, apathy and depressed mood. The current antidepressant drugs present reduced efficacy to improve depressive symptoms in AD patients. Here, we investigated the ability of creatine, a compound with neuroprotective and antidepressant properties, to counteract amyloid β1-40 peptide-induced depressive-like behavior in mice. Moreover, we addressed the participation of the intracellular signaling pathway mediated by glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β)/nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the creatine effects. Aß1-40 administration (400 pmol/mouse, i.c.v.) increased the immobility time in the tail suspension test and decreased the grooming time and increased latency to grooming in the splash test, indicative of depressive-like behavior. These impairments were attenuated by creatine (0.01 and 10 mg/kg, p.o.) and fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, p.o., positive control). No significant alterations on locomotor performance were observed in the open field. Aß1-40 administration did not alter hippocampal phospho-GSK-3β (Ser9)/total GSK-3β, total GSK-3β and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) immunocontents. However, Aß1-40-infused mice treated with creatine (0.01 mg/kg) presented increased phosphorylation of GSK-3β(Ser9) and HO-1 immunocontent in the hippocampus. Fluoxetine per se increased GSK-3β(Ser9) phosphorylation, but did not alter HO-1 levels. In addition, Aß1-40 administration increased hippocampal glutathione (GSH) levels as well as glutathione reductase (GR) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activities, and these effects were abolished by creatine and fluoxetine. This study provides the first evidence of the antidepressive-like effects of creatine in Aß1-40-treated mice, which were accompanied by hippocampal inhibition of GSK-3β and modulation of antioxidant defenses. These findings indicate the potential of creatine for the treatment of depression associated with AD.
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Tan S, Metzger DB, Jung ME. Chronic benzodiazepine suppresses translocator protein and elevates amyloid β in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 172:59-67. [PMID: 30030126 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Benzodiazepine (BZD) is a commonly prescribed anxiolytic and sedation aid medication, especially in elderly women. However, long-term use of BZD provokes adverse nontherapeutic effects that include movement deficit. Here, we investigated motoric deficit and molecular changes in cerebellum associated with the chronic use of BZD (cBZD) in female mice. We measured neuroprotective translocator protein (TSPO), neurotoxic amyloid β (Aβ), Aβ-producing presenilin-1 (PS1), and Aβ-degrading neprilysin. We also tested whether cBZD treatment damages mitochondrial membranes by measuring mitochondrial membrane swelling and mitochondrial respiration. Young and old mice received BZD (lorazepam) for 20 days, were tested for motoric function using Rotarod, and then euthanized to collect cerebellum. The major methods were immunoblot and RT-PCR for TSPO, PS1, and neprilysin expressions; ELISA for Aβ level; spectrometry for mitochondrial membrane swelling; XF-respirometry for mitochondrial respiration. cBZD-treated old mice showed poorer motoric function than old control or young cBZD-treated mice. Old mice treated with cBZD showed a decrease in TSPO and neprilysin and an increase in Aβ and PS1 production compared to old control mice. Old cBZD-mice also showed an increase in mitochondrial membrane swelling and a decrease in mitochondrial respiration. These data suggest that cBZD exacerbates motoric aging in a manner that involves diminished TSPO, elevated Aβ, and mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Tan
- Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States of America
| | - Daniel B Metzger
- Institute for Health Aging, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States of America
| | - Marianna E Jung
- Pharmacology and Neuroscience, UNT Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States of America.
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Inflammation as a Possible Link Between Dyslipidemia and Alzheimer’s Disease. Neuroscience 2018; 376:127-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Zhao N, Liu CC, Qiao W, Bu G. Apolipoprotein E, Receptors, and Modulation of Alzheimer's Disease. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:347-357. [PMID: 28434655 PMCID: PMC5599322 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a lipid carrier in both the peripheral and the central nervous systems. Lipid-loaded apoE lipoprotein particles bind to several cell surface receptors to support membrane homeostasis and injury repair in the brain. Considering prevalence and relative risk magnitude, the ε4 allele of the APOE gene is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). ApoE4 contributes to AD pathogenesis by modulating multiple pathways, including but not limited to the metabolism, aggregation, and toxicity of amyloid-β peptide, tauopathy, synaptic plasticity, lipid transport, glucose metabolism, mitochondrial function, vascular integrity, and neuroinflammation. Emerging knowledge on apoE-related pathways in the pathophysiology of AD presents new opportunities for AD therapy. We describe the biochemical and biological features of apoE and apoE receptors in the central nervous system. We also discuss the evidence and mechanisms addressing differential effects of apoE isoforms and the role of apoE receptors in AD pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on the clinical and preclinical studies related to amyloid-β pathology. Finally, we summarize the current strategies of AD therapy targeting apoE, and postulate that effective strategies require an apoE isoform-specific approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Chia-Chen Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Wenhui Qiao
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Guojun Bu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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Mailleux J, Timmermans S, Nelissen K, Vanmol J, Vanmierlo T, van Horssen J, Bogie JFJ, Hendriks JJA. Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Deficiency Attenuates Neuroinflammation through the Induction of Apolipoprotein E. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1701. [PMID: 29276512 PMCID: PMC5727422 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to determine the role of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) in neuroinflammation by inducing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in ldlr knock out mice. Methods MOG35-55 induced EAE in male and female ldlr-/- mice was assessed clinically and histopathologically. Expression of inflammatory mediators and apolipoprotein E (apoE) was investigated by qPCR. Changes in protein levels of apoE and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) were validated by western blot and ELISA, respectively. Results Ldlr-/--attenuated EAE disease severity in female, but not in male, EAE mice marked by a reduced proinflammatory cytokine production in the central nervous system of female ldlr-/- mice. Macrophages from female ldlr-/- mice showed a similar decrease in proinflammatory mediators, an impaired capacity to phagocytose myelin and enhanced secretion of the anti-inflammatory apoE. Interestingly, apoE/ldlr double knock out abrogated the beneficial effect of ldlr depletion in EAE. Conclusion Collectively, we show that ldlr-/- reduces EAE disease severity in female but not in male EAE mice, and that this can be explained by increased levels of apoE in female ldlr-/- mice. Although the reason for the observed sexual dimorphism remains unclear, our findings show that LDLr and associated apoE levels are involved in neuroinflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Mailleux
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Silke Timmermans
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | - Jasmine Vanmol
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tim Vanmierlo
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jack van Horssen
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen F J Bogie
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Czuba E, Steliga A, Lietzau G, Kowiański P. Cholesterol as a modifying agent of the neurovascular unit structure and function under physiological and pathological conditions. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:935-948. [PMID: 28432486 PMCID: PMC5504126 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The brain, demanding constant level of cholesterol, precisely controls its synthesis and homeostasis. The brain cholesterol pool is almost completely separated from the rest of the body by the functional blood-brain barrier (BBB). Only a part of cholesterol pool can be exchanged with the blood circulation in the form of the oxysterol metabolites such, as 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) and 24S-hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC). Not only neurons but also blood vessels and neuroglia, constituting neurovascular unit (NVU), are crucial for the brain cholesterol metabolism and undergo precise regulation by numerous modulators, metabolites and signal molecules. In physiological conditions maintaining the optimal cholesterol concentration is important for the energetic metabolism, composition of cell membranes and myelination. However, a growing body of evidence indicates the consequences of the cholesterol homeostasis dysregulation in several pathophysiological processes. There is a causal relationship between hypercholesterolemia and 1) development of type 2 diabetes due to long-term high-fat diet consumption, 2) significance of the oxidative stress consequences for cerebral amyloid angiopathy and neurodegenerative diseases, 3) insulin resistance on progression of the neurodegenerative brain diseases. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge concerning the cholesterol influence upon functioning of the NVU under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Czuba
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 1 Dębinki Str, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Steliga
- Department of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University of Słupsk, 64 Bohaterów Westerplatte Str, 76-200, Słupsk, Poland
| | - Grażyna Lietzau
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 1 Dębinki Str, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Przemysław Kowiański
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 1 Dębinki Str, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University of Słupsk, 64 Bohaterów Westerplatte Str, 76-200, Słupsk, Poland
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Pohlkamp T, Wasser CR, Herz J. Functional Roles of the Interaction of APP and Lipoprotein Receptors. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:54. [PMID: 28298885 PMCID: PMC5331069 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological fates of the key initiator of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the amyloid precursor protein (APP), and a family of lipoprotein receptors, the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related proteins (LRPs) and their molecular roles in the neurodegenerative disease process are inseparably interwoven. Not only does APP bind tightly to the extracellular domains (ECDs) of several members of the LRP group, their intracellular portions are also connected through scaffolds like the one established by FE65 proteins and through interactions with adaptor proteins such as X11/Mint and Dab1. Moreover, the ECDs of APP and LRPs share common ligands, most notably Reelin, a regulator of neuronal migration during embryonic development and modulator of synaptic transmission in the adult brain, and Agrin, another signaling protein which is essential for the formation and maintenance of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and which likely also has critical, though at this time less well defined, roles for the regulation of central synapses. Furthermore, the major independent risk factors for AD, Apolipoprotein (Apo) E and ApoJ/Clusterin, are lipoprotein ligands for LRPs. Receptors and ligands mutually influence their intracellular trafficking and thereby the functions and abilities of neurons and the blood-brain-barrier to turn over and remove the pathological product of APP, the amyloid-β peptide. This article will review and summarize the molecular mechanisms that are shared by APP and LRPs and discuss their relative contributions to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Pohlkamp
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA; Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA
| | - Catherine R Wasser
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA; Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA
| | - Joachim Herz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA; Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA; Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA
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Pazini FL, Cunha MP, Azevedo D, Rosa JM, Colla A, de Oliveira J, Ramos-Hryb AB, Brocardo PS, Gil-Mohapel J, Rodrigues ALS. Creatine Prevents Corticosterone-Induced Reduction in Hippocampal Proliferation and Differentiation: Possible Implication for Its Antidepressant Effect. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:6245-6260. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0148-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Engel DF, de Oliveira J, Lopes JB, Santos DB, Moreira ELG, Farina M, Rodrigues ALS, de Souza Brocardo P, de Bem AF. Is there an association between hypercholesterolemia and depression? Behavioral evidence from the LDLr −/− mouse experimental model. Behav Brain Res 2016; 311:31-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Berland C, Cansell C, Hnasko TS, Magnan C, Luquet S. Dietary triglycerides as signaling molecules that influence reward and motivation. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2016; 9:126-135. [PMID: 28191490 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The reinforcing and motivational aspects of food are tied to the release of the dopamine in the mesolimbic system (ML). Free fatty acids from triglyceride (TG)-rich particles are released upon action of TG-lipases found at high levels in peripheral oxidative tissue (muscle, heart), but also in the ML. This suggests that local TG-hydrolysis in the ML might regulate food seeking and reward. Indeed, evidence now suggests that dietary TG directly target the ML to regulate amphetamine-induced locomotion and reward seeking behavior. Though the cellular mechanisms of TG action are unresolved, TG act in part through ML lipoprotein lipase, upstream of dopamine 2 receptor (D2R), and show desensitization in conditions of chronically elevated plasma TG as occur in obesity. TG sensing in the ML therefore represents a new mechanism by which chronic consumption of dietary fat might lead to adaptations in the ML and dysregulated feeding behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Berland
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, F-75205 Paris, France; Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, München/Neuherberg, Germany; Div. of Metabolic Diseases, Dept. of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Céline Cansell
- Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, IPMC, Sophia Antipolis, F-06560, France; CNRS, IPMC, Sophia Antipolis, F-06560, France
| | - Thomas S Hnasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Christophe Magnan
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Serge Luquet
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, F-75205 Paris, France
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Do HT, Bruelle C, Pham DD, Jauhiainen M, Eriksson O, Korhonen LT, Lindholm D. Nerve growth factor (NGF) and pro-NGF increase low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors in neuronal cells partly by different mechanisms: role of LDL in neurite outgrowth. J Neurochem 2015; 136:306-15. [PMID: 26484803 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLRs) mediate the uptake of lipoprotein particles into cells, as studied mainly in peripheral tissues. Here, we show that nerve growth factor (NGF) increases LDLR levels in PC6.3 cells and in cultured septal neurons from embryonic rat brain. Study of the mechanisms showed that NGF enhanced transcription of the LDLR gene, acting mainly via Tropomyosin receptor kinase A receptors. Simvastatin, a cholesterol-lowering drug, also increased the LDLR expression in PC6.3 cells. In addition, pro-NGF and pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor, acting via the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) also increased LDLRs. We further observed that Myosin Regulatory Light Chain-Interacting Protein/Inducible Degrader of the LDLR (Mylip/Idol) was down-regulated by pro-NGF, whereas the other LDLR regulator, proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9) was not significantly changed. On the functional side, NGF and pro-NGF increased lipoprotein uptake by neuronal cells as shown using diacetyl-labeled LDL. The addition of serum-derived lipoprotein particles in conjunction with NGF or simvastatin enhanced neurite outgrowth. Collectively, these results show that NGF and simvastatin are able to stimulate lipoprotein uptake by neurons with a positive effect on neurite outgrowth. Increases in LDLRs and lipoprotein particles in neurons could play a functional role during brain development, in neuroregeneration and after brain injuries. Nerve growth factor (NGF) and pro-NGF induce the expression of low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLRs) in neuronal cells leading to increased LDLR levels. Pro-NGF also down-regulated myosin regulatory light chain-interacting protein/inducible degrader of the LDLR (Mylip/Idol) that is involved in the degradation of LDLRs. NGF acts mainly via Tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) receptors, whereas pro-NGF stimulates p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR). Elevated LDLRs upon NGF and pro-NGF treatments enhanced lipoprotein uptake by neurons. Addition of LDL particles further led to the stimulation of neurite outgrowth in PC6.3 cells after NGF or simvastatin treatments, suggesting a stimulatory role of lipoproteins on neuronal differentiation. In contrast, pro-NGF had no effect on neurite outgrowth either in the absence or presence of LDL particles. The precise mechanisms by which increased lipoproteins uptake can affect neurite outgrowth warrant further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Thi Do
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Medical Faculty, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Céline Bruelle
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Medical Faculty, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dan Duc Pham
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Medical Faculty, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ove Eriksson
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura T Korhonen
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Medical Faculty, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Child Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dan Lindholm
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Medical Faculty, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
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Lopes JB, de Oliveira J, Engel DF, de Paula GC, Moreira ELG, de Bem AF. Efficacy of Donepezil for Cognitive Impairments in Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Preclinical Proof of Concept. CNS Neurosci Ther 2015; 21:964-6. [PMID: 26555675 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jadna Bogado Lopes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brasil
| | - Jade de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brasil
| | - Daiane Fátima Engel
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brasil
| | - Gabriela Cristina de Paula
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brasil
| | - Eduardo Luiz Gasnhar Moreira
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brasil
| | - Andreza Fabro de Bem
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brasil
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41
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Banik A, Prabhakar S, Kalra J, Anand A. Effect of human umbilical cord blood derived lineage negative stem cells transplanted in amyloid-β induced cognitive impaired mice. Behav Brain Res 2015; 291:46-59. [PMID: 25989508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is pathologically characterized by extracellular deposition of insoluble amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and intracellular tangles made up of phosphorylated tau in brain. Several therapeutic approaches are being carried out in animal AD models for testing their safety and efficacy in altering disease pathology and behavioral deficits. Very few studies have examined the effect of human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) derived stem cells in degenerative disease models despite growing number of cord blood banks worldwide. Here we have examined the therapeutic efficacy of hUCB derived lineage negative (Lin -ve) stem cells in alleviating behavioral and neuropathological deficits in a mouse model of cognitive impairment induced by bilateral intrahippocampal injection of Aβ-42. Lin -ve cells were transplanted at two doses (50,000 and 100,000) at the site of injury and examined at 10 and 60 days post transplantation for rescue of memory deficits. These cells were found to ameliorate cognitive impairment in 50,000-60 days and 100,000-10 days groups whereas, 50,000-10 days and 100,000-60 days groups could not exert any significant improvement. Further, mice showing spatial memory improvement were mediated by up-regulation of BDNF, CREB and also by concomitant down regulation of Fas-L in their brain. The transplanted cells were found in the host tissue and survived up to 60 days without expressing markers of neuronal differentiation or reducing Aβ burden in mouse brain. We suggest that these undifferentiated cells could exert neuroprotective effects either through inhibiting apoptosis and/or trophic effects in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Banik
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sudesh Prabhakar
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jasvinder Kalra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akshay Anand
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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42
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Ettcheto M, Petrov D, Pedrós I, de Lemos L, Pallàs M, Alegret M, Laguna JC, Folch J, Camins A. Hypercholesterolemia and neurodegeneration. Comparison of hippocampal phenotypes in LDLr knockout and APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. Exp Gerontol 2015; 65:69-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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43
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Campos-Bedolla P, Walter FR, Veszelka S, Deli MA. Role of the Blood–Brain Barrier in the Nutrition of the Central Nervous System. Arch Med Res 2014; 45:610-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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44
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de Oliveira J, de Bem AF, Moreira ELG. Low-density lipoprotein receptor: a promising therapeutic target to promote cerebral beta-amyloid clearance? CNS Neurosci Ther 2014; 20:877-8. [PMID: 25091057 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jade de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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