1
|
Rowley AF, Baker-Austin C, Boerlage AS, Caillon C, Davies CE, Duperret L, Martin SAM, Mitta G, Pernet F, Pratoomyot J, Shields JD, Shinn AP, Songsungthong W, Srijuntongsiri G, Sritunyalucksana K, Vidal-Dupiol J, Uren Webster TM, Taengchaiyaphum S, Wongwaradechkul R, Coates CJ. Diseases of marine fish and shellfish in an age of rapid climate change. iScience 2024; 27:110838. [PMID: 39318536 PMCID: PMC11420459 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A recurring trend in evidence scrutinized over the past few decades is that disease outbreaks will become more frequent, intense, and widespread on land and in water, due to climate change. Pathogens and the diseases they inflict represent a major constraint on seafood production and yield, and by extension, food security. The risk(s) for fish and shellfish from disease is a function of pathogen characteristics, biological species identity, and the ambient environmental conditions. A changing climate can adversely influence the host and environment, while augmenting pathogen characteristics simultaneously, thereby favoring disease outbreaks. Herein, we use a series of case studies covering some of the world's most cultured aquatic species (e.g., salmonids, penaeid shrimp, and oysters), and the pathogens (viral, fungal, bacterial, and parasitic) that afflict them, to illustrate the magnitude of disease-related problems linked to climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Rowley
- Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | | | - Annette S Boerlage
- Centre for Epidemiology and Planetary Health (CEPH), SRUC School of Veterinary Medicine, Inverness, Scotland, UK
| | - Coline Caillon
- Université of Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| | - Charlotte E Davies
- Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Léo Duperret
- IHPE, Université of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, University Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Samuel A M Martin
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Guillaume Mitta
- Ifremer, ILM, IRD, UPF, UMR 241 SECOPOL, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Fabrice Pernet
- Université of Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| | - Jarunan Pratoomyot
- Institute of Marine Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Jeffrey D Shields
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - Andrew P Shinn
- INVE Aquaculture (Thailand), 471 Bond Street, Bangpood, Pakkred, Nonthaburi 11120, Thailand
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Warangkhana Songsungthong
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Gun Srijuntongsiri
- School of Information, Computer, and Communication Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Kallaya Sritunyalucksana
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol
- IHPE, Université of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, University Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Tamsyn M Uren Webster
- Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Suparat Taengchaiyaphum
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Christopher J Coates
- Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
- Zoology and Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tavares CPDS, Cibulski SP, Castilho-Westphal GG, Zhao M, Silva UDAT, Schott EJ, Ostrensky A. Virus discovery in cultured portunid crabs: Genomic, phylogenetic, histopathological and microscopic characterization of a reovirus and a new bunyavirus. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 204:108118. [PMID: 38679369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2024.108118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Portunid crabs are distributed worldwide and highly valued in aquaculture. Viral infections are the main limiting factor for the survival of these animals and, consequently, for the success of commercial-scale cultivation. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about the viruses that infect cultured portunid crabs worldwide. Herein, the genome sequence and phylogeny of Callinectes sapidus reovirus 2 (CsRV2) are described, and the discovery of a new bunyavirus in Callinectes danae cultured in southern Brazil is reported. The CsRV2 genome sequence consists of 12 dsRNA segments (20,909 nt) encode 13 proteins. The predicted RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) shows a high level of similarity with that of Eriocheir sinensis reovirus 905, suggesting that CsRV2 belongs to the genus Cardoreovirus. The CsRV2 particles are icosahedral, measuring approximately 65 nm in diameter, and exhibit typical non-turreted reovirus morphology. High throughput sequencing data revealed the presence of an additional putative virus genome similar to bunyavirus, called Callinectes danae Portunibunyavirus 1 (CdPBV1). The CdPBV1 genome is tripartite, consisting of 6,654 nt, 3,120 nt and 1,656 nt single-stranded RNA segments that each encode a single protein. Each segment has a high identity with European shore crab virus 1, suggesting that CdPBV1 is a new representative of the family Cruliviridae. The putative spherical particles of CdPBV1 measure ∼120 nm in diameter and present a typical bunyavirus morphology. The results of the histopathological analysis suggest that these new viruses can affect the health and, consequently, the survival of C. danae in captivity. Therefore, the findings reported here should be used to improve prophylactic and pathogen control practices and contribute to the development and optimization of the production of soft-shell crabs on a commercial scale in Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Prestes Dos Santos Tavares
- Graduate Program in Zoology of the Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 80035-050, Brazil; Integrated Group of Aquaculture and Environmental Studies, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 80035-050, Brazil.
| | - Samuel Paulo Cibulski
- Biotechnology Center, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba 58051-900, Brazil.
| | - Gisela Geraldine Castilho-Westphal
- Integrated Group of Aquaculture and Environmental Studies, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 80035-050, Brazil; Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Paraná 81290-000, Brazil
| | - Mingli Zhao
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
| | | | - Eric J Schott
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
| | - Antonio Ostrensky
- Integrated Group of Aquaculture and Environmental Studies, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 80035-050, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cadena LR, Edgcomb V, Lukeš J. Gazing into the abyss: A glimpse into the diversity, distribution, and behaviour of heterotrophic protists from the deep-sea floor. Environ Microbiol 2024; 26:e16598. [PMID: 38444221 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The benthic biome of the deep-sea floor, one of the largest biomes on Earth, is dominated by diverse and highly productive heterotrophic protists, second only to prokaryotes in terms of biomass. Recent evidence suggests that these protists play a significant role in ocean biogeochemistry, representing an untapped source of knowledge. DNA metabarcoding and environmental sample sequencing have revealed that deep-sea abyssal protists exhibit high levels of specificity and diversity across local regions. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the known heterotrophic protists from the deep-sea floor, their geographic distribution, and their interactions in terms of parasitism and predation. We offer an overview of the most abundant groups and discuss their potential ecological roles. We argue that the exploration of the biodiversity and species-specific features of these protists should be integrated into broader deep-sea research and assessments of how benthic biomes may respond to future environmental changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Rudy Cadena
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Virginia Edgcomb
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julius Lukeš
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu Z, Xie G, Wang H, Li X, Wan X, Li A, Zhou L, Shi C, Zhang Q, Huang J. Macrophthalmus ( Macrophthalmus) abbreviatus Manning & Holthuis, 1981, a new natural host for Hematodinium perezi infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1328872. [PMID: 38259966 PMCID: PMC10802907 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1328872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent reports have shown that wild crabs may be important hosts involved in the transmission and spread of the parasitic Hematodinium in cultured marine crustaceans. Therefore, monitoring the prevalence of Hematodinium infections in wild crabs is necessary to develop effective strategies for the prevention and control of Hematodinium disease. Here we report a wild crab species, Macrophthalmus (Macrophthalmus) abbreviatus Manning & Holthuis, 1981, as a new natural host for Hematodinium sp. infection. It is one of the common wild crab species dwelling in the ponds or waterways connected to the polyculture ponds located on the coast of Rizhao or Weifang, Shandong Peninsula, China. According to the results of PCR detection and phylogenetic analysis targeting the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS 1) region, these Hematodinium sp. isolates were identified as H. perezi and fell into the genotype II category within H. perezi. A high monthly prevalence of H. perezi infection was observed during the 2021-2022 field survey, ranging from 33.3% to 90.6% in M. abbreviatus originating from Weifang (n=304 wild crabs) and from 53.6% to 92.9% in those from Rizhao (n=42 wild crabs). Artificial inoculation infection experiments demonstrated that M. abbreviatus could be infected by H. perezi, and massive Hematodinium cells and typical histopathological changes were observed in the hepatopancreas and gill tissues of the infected crabs. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. abbreviatus as a new natural host for H. perezi infection. Results in the present study extend the known host spectrum for this emerging parasite pathogen, and also provide valuable information for epidemic surveillance of the Hematodinium disease as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute (YSFRI), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Qingdao, China
- Laoshan National Laboratory, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Guosi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute (YSFRI), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Qingdao, China
- Laoshan National Laboratory, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | | | - Xinshu Li
- School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute (YSFRI), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Qingdao, China
- Laoshan National Laboratory, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute (YSFRI), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Qingdao, China
| | - Liqing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute (YSFRI), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Qingdao, China
| | - Chengyin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute (YSFRI), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Qingdao, China
- Laoshan National Laboratory, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qingli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute (YSFRI), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Qingdao, China
- Laoshan National Laboratory, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute (YSFRI), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Qingdao, China
- Laoshan National Laboratory, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Molto-Martin I, Neil DM, Coates CJ, MacKenzie SA, Bass D, Stentiford GD, Albalat A. Infection of Norway lobster ( Nephrops norvegicus) by the parasite Hematodinium sp.: insights from 30 years of field observations. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231147. [PMID: 38234432 PMCID: PMC10791531 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus, is an important representative of the benthos and also supports valuable fisheries across Europe. Nephrops are susceptible to infection by Hematodinium sp., an endoparasitic dinoflagellate that causes morbidity and mortality. From an epizootiological perspective, the Clyde Sea Area (CSA; west of Scotland) is the best-studied Hematodinium-Nephrops pathosystem, with historical data available between 1988 and 2008. We have revisited this pathosystem by curating and updating prevalence values, differentiating host traits associated with disease exposure and progression, and comparing Hematodinium sp. disease dynamics in the CSA to other locations and to other decapod hosts (Cancer pagurus, Carcinus maenas). Prevalence from a 2018/2019 survey (involving 1739 lobsters) revealed Hematodinium sp. still mounts a synchronized patent infection in the CSA; hence this pathogen can be considered as enzootic in this location. We highlight for the first time that Nephrops size is associated with high severity infection, while females are more exposed to Hematodinium sp. More generally, regardless of the host (Norway lobster, brown and shore crabs) or the geographical area (Ireland, Wales, Scotland), Hematodinium sp. patent infections peak in spring/summer and reach their nadir during autumn. We contend that Hematodinium must be considered one of the most important pathogens of decapod crustaceans in temperate waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas M. Neil
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Christopher J. Coates
- Zoology and Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Republic of Ireland
| | | | - David Bass
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK
- Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Grant D. Stentiford
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK
- Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Amaya Albalat
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alimin AWF, Yusoff NAH, Kadriah IAK, Anshary H, Abdullah F, Jabir N, Susianingsih E, Hassan M. Parasitic dinoflagellate Hematodinium in marine decapod crustaceans: a review on current knowledge and future perspectives. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:49. [PMID: 38095702 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08067-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic dinoflagellates of the genus Hematodinium are known to infect various marine crustaceans worldwide, especially crabs and several species of shrimp and lobster. Some of these species are new host species and components of commercial fishery products. These parasitic species are predominantly found in the hemolymph of the host and cause pathological changes and functional damage to organs and tissues, leading to death. In recent years, these parasites have infected important commercially valuable species, particularly in European waters, US waters, Australian waters, and recently in Shandong Peninsula in China. These Hematodinium pathogens were also reported to affect wild shrimp in Chinese waters and in the English North Sea. These rapid spreads affect crustacean aquaculture industries, where they are indeed a significant threat to the sustainability of the aquaculture of important crustaceans. The fishery products industries are also under pressure from the invasion of this pathogen, as the crab meat produced has a bitter taste, which may reduce its marketability. In response to these threats, this review was aimed at providing a broader understanding of the development of parasite distribution and ecological aspects of Hematodinium. In addition, the interaction of these pathogens with their hosts, the environmental drivers of Hematodinium disease, and future research perspectives were discussed.
Collapse
Grants
- Vot 63933 and 56053 Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, under the Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE) program, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
- Vot 63933 and 56053 Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, under the Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE) program, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
- Vot 63933 and 56053 Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, under the Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE) program, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
- Vot 63933 and 56053 Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, under the Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE) program, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
- Vot 63933 and 56053 Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, under the Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE) program, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
- Vot 63933 and 56053 Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, under the Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE) program, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
- Vot 63933 and 56053 Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, under the Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE) program, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
- Vot 63933 and 56053 Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, under the Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE) program, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
- Vot 55318 International Partnership Research Grant, University Malaysia Terengganu (IPRG)
- Vot 55318 International Partnership Research Grant, University Malaysia Terengganu (IPRG)
- Vot 55318 International Partnership Research Grant, University Malaysia Terengganu (IPRG)
- Vot 55318 International Partnership Research Grant, University Malaysia Terengganu (IPRG)
- Vot 55318 International Partnership Research Grant, University Malaysia Terengganu (IPRG)
- Vot 55318 International Partnership Research Grant, University Malaysia Terengganu (IPRG)
- Vot 55318 International Partnership Research Grant, University Malaysia Terengganu (IPRG)
- Vot 55318 International Partnership Research Grant, University Malaysia Terengganu (IPRG)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ade Wahyul Fajri Alimin
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21300, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Research Centre of Fisheries, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bogor KM. 46, Kab. Bogor, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Nor Asma Husna Yusoff
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21300, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Ince Ayu Khairana Kadriah
- Research Centre of Fisheries, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bogor KM. 46, Kab. Bogor, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Hilal Anshary
- Laboratory of Fish Parasites and Diseases, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University, 90245, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Farizan Abdullah
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21300, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nurhidayah Jabir
- Research Centre of Fisheries, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bogor KM. 46, Kab. Bogor, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Endang Susianingsih
- Research Centre of Fisheries, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bogor KM. 46, Kab. Bogor, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Marina Hassan
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21300, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Coates CJ, Kraev I, Rowley AF, Lange S. Extracellular vesicle signatures and protein citrullination are modified in shore crabs ( Carcinus maenas) infected with Hematodinium sp. Virulence 2023; 14:2180932. [PMID: 36813781 PMCID: PMC9988307 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2180932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Epizootiologists recurrently encounter symbionts and pathobionts in the haemolymph (blood equivalent) of shellfish. One such group is the dinoflagellate genus Hematodinium, which contains several species that cause debilitating disease in decapod crustaceans. The shore crab Carcinus maenas acts as a mobile reservoir of microparasites, including Hematodinium sp., thereby posing a risk to other co-located commercially important species, e.g. velvet crabs (Necora puber). Despite the widespread prevalence and documented seasonality of Hematodinium infection dynamics, there is a knowledge gap regarding host-pathogen antibiosis, namely, how Hematodinium avoids the host's immune defences. Herein, we interrogated the haemolymph of Hematodinium-positive and Hematodinium-negative crabs for extracellular vesicle (EV) profiles (a proxy for cellular communication), alongside proteomic signatures for post-translational citrullination/deimination performed by arginine deiminases, which can infer a pathologic state. Circulating EV numbers in parasitized crab haemolymph were reduced significantly, accompanied by smaller EV modal size profiles (albeit non-significantly) when compared to Hematodinium-negative controls. Differences were observed for citrullinated/deiminated target proteins in the haemolymph between the parasitized and control crabs, with fewer hits identified overall in the former. Three deiminated proteins specific to parasitized crab haemolymph were actin, Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM), and nitric oxide synthase - factors that contribute to innate immunity. We report, for the first time, Hematodinium sp. could interfere with EV biogenesis, and that protein deimination is a putative mechanism of immune-modulation in crustacean-Hematodinium interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Coates
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Zoology, Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Igor Kraev
- Electron Microscopy Suite, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Andrew F. Rowley
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shum P, Wäge-Recchioni J, Sellers GS, Johnson ML, Joyce DA. DNA metabarcoding reveals the dietary profiles of a benthic marine crustacean, Nephrops norvegicus. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289221. [PMID: 37910458 PMCID: PMC10619785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Norwegian lobster, Nephrops norvegicus, are a generalist scavenger and predator capable of short foraging excursions but can also suspension feed. Existing knowledge about their diet relies on a combination of methods including morphology-based stomach content analysis and stable isotopes, which often lack the resolution to distinguish prey items to species level particularly in species that thoroughly masticate their prey. DNA metabarcoding overcomes many of the challenges associated with traditional methods and it is an attractive approach to study the dietary profiles of animals. Here, we present the diet of the commercially valuable Nephrops norvegicus using DNA metabarcoding of gut contents. Despite difficulties associated with host amplification, our cytochrome oxidase I (COI) molecular assay successfully achieves higher resolution information than traditional approaches. We detected taxa that were likely consumed during different feeding strategies. Dinoflagellata, Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta accounted for almost 50% of the prey items consumed, and are associated with suspension feeding, while fish with high fisheries discard rates were detected which are linked to active foraging. In addition, we were able to characterise biodiversity patterns by considering Nephrops as natural samplers, as well as detecting parasitic dinoflagellates (e.g., Hematodinium sp.), which are known to influence burrow related behaviour in infected individuals in over 50% of the samples. The metabarcoding data presented here greatly enhances a better understanding of a species' ecological role and could be applied as a routine procedure in future studies for proper consideration in the management and decision-making of fisheries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Shum
- Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Janine Wäge-Recchioni
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), Rostock, Germany
| | - Graham S. Sellers
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Magnus L. Johnson
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Domino A. Joyce
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nagarkar M, Palenik B. Diversity and putative interactions of parasitic alveolates belonging to Syndiniales at a coastal Pacific site. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 15:157-169. [PMID: 36779254 PMCID: PMC10464665 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The dinoflagellate lineage Syndiniales currently consists entirely of parasitic species that fall into five well-supported clades. Environmental sequencing studies worldwide have found an abundance of Syndiniales in a variety of marine ecosystems, but very little is known about the majority of Syndiniales species including two entire clades which have only been observed in sequence data. Syndiniales are known to have a wide range of hosts, but only a few dozen interactions have been confirmed through observation of actual infections. Here, we describe the diversity of Syndiniales found at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography pier over the course of a year based on 18S sequencing. We find Syndiniales to be the most species (amplicon sequence variant)-rich taxonomic group and for its members to be present and abundant throughout the year. We used several analytical techniques to identify potential parasite-host interactions which we were then able to visualize over time. Using mock communities and size fractionation of seawater, we suggest that the majority of Syndiniales sequences that are found in environmental studies belong to the free-living dinospore stage rather than representing active infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maitreyi Nagarkar
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Present address:
26 Martin LutherKing Dr WestCincinnati, OHUSA
| | - Brian Palenik
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Alizade A, Jantschke A. Dinoflagellates as sustainable cellulose source: Cultivation, extraction, and characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125116. [PMID: 37257537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The global demand for manufacturing and consuming biodegradable materials from natural sources has created a great interest in microalgae, such as dinoflagellates. Photosynthetic dinoflagellates are a sustainable source of natural materials such as cellulose as they grow using only sunlight and CO2 at near-neutral pH without any fertilizers. In this paper, the cultivation of two species of dinoflagellates (Peridinium sp. and Prorocentrum micans) is established under lab conditions (up to 20 l), cellulose extraction is optimized, and the resulting material is thoroughly characterized. Dinoflagellate cellulose was extracted at room temperature by sequential treatment with highly concentrated 30 % NaOH and 6 M HCl, followed by bleaching with 10 % H2O2. The overall yield of cellulose is around 73 % (w/w), and roughly 85 % of the original dinoflagellate cellulosic morphology remains intact. Chemical purity, morphology, and porosity of the dinoflagellate-derived cellulose are analysed by different characterization techniques (ICP-OES, SEM, XRD, ATR-FTIR, Raman, NMR, TGA, BET, and GPC). XRD characterization of the extracted cellulose shows characteristic reflexes corresponding to a cellulose II allomorph which is mainly amorphous. This result is further supported by ATR-FTIR, Raman, and NMR spectroscopy. Overall, these results show that the extracted cellulose is a highly porous, lignin-free material that is thermally stable up to 260 °C. Its high degree of purity and porosity make dinoflagellate-derived cellulose a promising, sustainable candidate for the development of functional hybrid materials for biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amina Alizade
- Institute for Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Anne Jantschke
- Institute for Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Walters EA, Bojko J, Crowley CE, Gandy RL, Martin CW, Shea CP, Bateman KS, Stentiford GD, Behringer DC. Salinity and temperature affect the symbiont profile and host condition of Florida USA blue crabs Callinectes sapidus. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 198:107930. [PMID: 37148998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.107930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Subtropical Florida blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, exhibit differing life history traits compared to their temperate counterparts, likely influencing symbiont infection dynamics. Little information exists for Florida C. sapidus symbiont profiles, their distribution among various habitats, and influence on crab condition. Using histopathology, genomics, and transmission electron microscopy, we describe the first symbiont profiles for Florida C. sapidus occupying freshwater to marine habitats. Twelve symbiont groups were identified from 409 crabs including ciliophorans, digenean, microsporidian, Haplosporidia, Hematodinium sp., Nematoda, filamentous bacteria, gregarine, Callinectes sapidus nudivirus, Octolasmis sp., Cambarincola sp., and putative microcell. Overall, 78% of C. sapidus were documented with one or more symbiont groups demonstrating high infection rates in wild populations. Environmental variables water temperature and salinity explained 48% of the variation in symbiont groups among Florida habitats, and salinity was positively correlated with C. sapidus symbiont diversity. This suggests freshwater C. sapidus possess fewer symbionts and represent healthier individuals compared to saltwater populations. Crab condition was examined using the reflex action mortality predictor (RAMP) to determine if reflex impairment could be linked to symbiont prevalence. Symbionts were found positively correlated with crab condition, and impaired crabs were more likely to host symbionts, demonstrating symbiont inclusion may boost predictive ability of the RAMP application. The microsporidian symbiont group had a particularly strong effect on C. sapidus reflex response, and impairment was on average 1.57 times higher compared to all other symbiont groups. Our findings demonstrate the importance of considering full symbiont profiles and their associations with a spatially and temporally variable environment to fully assess C. sapidus population health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin A Walters
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Florida, 33701, USA.
| | - Jamie Bojko
- National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, Darlington, DL1 1HG, United Kingdom; School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Claire E Crowley
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Florida, 33701, USA
| | - Ryan L Gandy
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Florida, 33701, USA
| | - Charles W Martin
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, University of South Alabama, 101 Bienville Blvd, Dauphin Island, Alabama, 36528
| | - Colin P Shea
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Florida, 33701, USA
| | - Kelly S Bateman
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), The Nothe, Dorset, United Kingdom
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), The Nothe, Dorset, United Kingdom
| | - Donald C Behringer
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA; Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32653, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen X, Reece KS, Shields JD. Natural Transmission of Hematodinium perezi in Juvenile Blue Crabs (Callinectes sapidus) in the Laboratory. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 198:107918. [PMID: 37019353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.107918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Hematodinium perezi is a dinoflagellate endoparasitic in marine crustaceans, primarily decapods. It occurs in juvenile blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, at high prevalence levels and has severe pathogenic effects in this host. The life history outside the host has not been experimentally investigated and, until now, transmission using dinospores has not been successful. We investigated the natural transmission dynamics of H. perezi in the laboratory using small juvenile crabs, which are highly susceptible to infection in the field, and elevated temperatures, which are known to stimulate dinospore production. Natural water-borne transmission to naïve crabs varied between 7-100% and was not correlated with dinospore densities measured from their aquaria water. Infections appeared to develop quickly in naïve hosts at 25 °C, suggesting that elevated temperatures as seen in the late summer and early autumn have a strong influence on the transmission of H. perezi in natural systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuqing Chen
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, P.O. Box 1346, 1375 Greate Road, Gloucester Point, VA 23062-1346, USA
| | - Kimberly S Reece
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, P.O. Box 1346, 1375 Greate Road, Gloucester Point, VA 23062-1346, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Shields
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, P.O. Box 1346, 1375 Greate Road, Gloucester Point, VA 23062-1346, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ryazanova TV, Eliseikina MG, Kukhlevsky AD. Milky hemolymph syndrome (MHS) associated with a virus in tanner crab Chionoecetes bairdi off the Pacific coast of Kamchatka. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 196:107864. [PMID: 36436574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Milky hemolymph syndrome (MHS) caused by a bacilliform virus (BV) was found in tanner crab Chionoecetes bairdi in the shelf zone of Kamchatka. The prevalence of the disease varied from 0.18 to 1.02%. A total lesion of the cells of the interstitial connective tissue and the connective tissue component of all internal organs was noted, which was expressed in the hypertrophy of their nuclei. In addition, hypertrophy of fixed phagocytes and circulating hemocytes was noted. Ultrastructural analysis of the tissues confirmed that in the interstitial connective tissue of pathologically altered organs, virus particles of two morphotypes were found - rod-shaped and globular. In the cytoplasm of infected cells, bands of microtubules formed near where viral particles were concentrated. In the area of contacts at the poles of microtubules, successive stages of the transformation of rod-shaped viruses into globular viruses was observed. The bacilliform virus that infects C. bairdi is structurally very similar to CoBV found in Chionoecetes opilio. Structural features are characteristic of representatives of fam. Nimaviridae. The molecular data obtained suggest that the virus causing MHS in C. bairdi is systematically very close, if not identical, to CoBV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T V Ryazanova
- Kamchatka Filiation of Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, St. Naberezhnaya 18, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky 683000, Russia
| | - M G Eliseikina
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Palchevskogo 17, Vladivostok 690041, Russia.
| | - A D Kukhlevsky
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Palchevskogo 17, Vladivostok 690041, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gong M, Xie G, Wang H, Li X, Li A, Wan X, Huang J, Shi C, Zhang Q, Huang J. Hematodinium perezi naturally infects Asian brush-clawed crab (Hemigrapsus takanoi). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:67-74. [PMID: 36169647 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The parasitic dinoflagellates of the genus Hematodinium have been considered one of the most important emerging pathogens for a broad range of marine crustaceans around the world. In China, frequent outbreaks of Hematodinium infections have caused serious economic losses for local farmers since 2004. Wild crabs were recently indicated to play a vital role in the transmission and spreading of the Hematodinium disease in polyculture pond systems. Based on PCR amplification and histopathological examination, we demonstrated that H. perezi can naturally infect a wild crab species, Hemigrapsus takanoi, which were collected from the waterways located on the coast of Rizhao or Weifang, Shandong Peninsula, China. According to the sequence similarity analysis and phylogenetic analysis, the Hematodinium isolates were identified as H. perezi and belonged to genotype II. The prevalence of H. perezi ranged from 3.3% to 5.7% in H. takanoi originating from Rizhao (n = 165 wild crabs) and from 0.9% to 20.0% in that originating from Weifang (n = 1386 wild crabs), respectively. To our knowledge, H. takanoi is, for the first time, reported as a new host for Hematodinium. Given the wide distribution of H. takanoi on the coasts along the Shandong Peninsula and the relative high prevalence of infection we monitored in our study, we speculate that H. takanoi contributes to the introducing and spreading parasitic Hematodinium between ponds via waterways in a poly-culturing system. Findings in this study broaden the host range of this parasite and expand the scope of our surveillance for Hematodinium disease in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Gong
- School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lian yungang, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Marine Aquaculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Guosi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Marine Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Marine Aquaculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Hailiang Wang
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Xinshu Li
- School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lian yungang, China
| | - Ang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Marine Aquaculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Marine Aquaculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingxian Huang
- Xiaying Enhancement and Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Weifang, China
| | - Chengyin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Marine Aquaculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Marine Aquaculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Marine Aquaculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
- Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cleary AC, Callesen TA, Berge J, Gabrielsen TM. Parasite–copepod interactions in Svalbard: diversity, host specificity, and seasonal patterns. Polar Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-022-03060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AbstractCopepods of the genera Calanus and Pseudocalanus are important components of Arctic marine ecosystems. Despite the key roles of these zooplankters, little is known about the organisms they interact with most intimately, their parasites and symbionts. We applied metabarcode sequencing to uncover eukaryotic parasites present within these two copepod genera from three areas around the high Arctic archipelago of Svalbard. Ten distinct parasite groups were observed: four different Apostome ciliates, four different dinoflagellates (Chytriodinium sp., Ellobiopsis sp., Thalassomyces sp., and Hematodinium sp.), a Paradinium sp., and a trematode. Apostome ciliates closely related to Pseudocollinia spp. were the most commonly observed parasite, with overall infection rates of 21.5% in Calanus and 12.5% in Pseudocalanus. Infection by these ciliates varied seasonally, with no infections observed in early winter, but infection rates exceeding 75% in spring. Host specificity varied between parasites, with significant differences in infection rate between the two host copepod genera for four parasites (two ciliates, Chytriodinium, and a trematode). The diverse assemblage of parasites observed in these copepods, and the frequency of infection, with over one in five copepod individuals infected, suggest parasites may be playing a greater role in Arctic plankton communities than generally acknowledged.
Collapse
|
16
|
Mani R, Raja S, Kesavan K, Vijay P, Babu VS, Dhas DS, Velu K. Experimental infection of Enterocytozoon hepatopanaei parasite (EHP) of penaeid shrimp in Indian marine crabs. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:416. [PMID: 35737130 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Enterocytozoon hepatopanaei parasite (EHP) is identified as an emerging pathogenic microsporidium parasite in shrimp culture industry. Though the etiology, disease pattern and sustainability of shrimp are well known, significantly less research has been carried out about the disease transmission and symptoms of infected aquatic animals. The present study aims is to determine the disease carrier status of five different species of Indian marine crabs (Scylla olivacea, Scylla serrata, Portunus pelagicus, Ocypode quadrata and Portunus sanquinolentus) using EHP. At the first instance, oral infection and intramuscular injection were performed to determine the susceptibility of the parasite at 50 days post-infection and it was observed that there was no mortality. The experimental infected crabs were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, bioassay and histopathology. The crabs were EHP-PCR positive at 5th day post-infection (d.p.i) in gills, heart, hepatopancreas, haemolymph and muscle tissue. However, after 5th d.p.i EHP was PCR negative in all the tissue samples. There were no mortalities and histological changes in the negative group and experimental group. Therefore, marine crabs are found to be not suitable hosts for replicating EHP spores but crabs fecal matters are PCR positive till 5th d.p.i. Therefore, marine crabs are having the possibilities of acceptance as a vector for Enterocytozoon hepatopanaei in shrimp. Shrimp farmers need to take necessary action to control this deadly infection in shrimp ponds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Mani
- Centre for Ocean Research, Col. Dr. Jeppiaar Ocean Research Field Facility, MoES-Earth Science & Technology Cell, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sudhakaran Raja
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthikeyan Kesavan
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Parameswaran Vijay
- Centre for Ocean Research, Col. Dr. Jeppiaar Ocean Research Field Facility, MoES-Earth Science & Technology Cell, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Sarath Babu
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - D Stalin Dhas
- Centre for Ocean Research, Col. Dr. Jeppiaar Ocean Research Field Facility, MoES-Earth Science & Technology Cell, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthick Velu
- Centre for Ocean Research, Col. Dr. Jeppiaar Ocean Research Field Facility, MoES-Earth Science & Technology Cell, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Joyce H, Frias J, Kavanagh F, Lynch R, Pagter E, White J, Nash R. Plastics, prawns, and patterns: Microplastic loadings in Nephrops norvegicus and surrounding habitat in the North East Atlantic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 826:154036. [PMID: 35202687 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence of microplastics (MPs), a contaminant of emerging concern, has attracted increasing attention in commercially important seafood species such as Nephrops norvegicus. This species lend themselves well as bioindicators of environmental contamination owing to their availability, spatial and depth distribution, interactions with seafloor sediment and position in the ecosystem and food chain. This study assesses the abundance of MPs in N. norvegicus and in benthic sediments across six functional units in the North East Atlantic. Assessment of the relationship between MP abundance in N. norvegicus, their biological parameters and their surrounding environment was examined. Despite the lack of statistical significance, MP abundances, size, shape, and polymer type recorded in N. norvegicus mirrored those found in the surrounding environment samples. The three main polymers identified in both organisms and sediment were polystyrene, polyamide (nylons), and polypropylene. The level of MP contamination in N. norvegicus could be related to local sources, with relatively low abundances recorded in this study for the North East Atlantic in comparison to other regional studies. Furthermore, larger organisms contained a lower abundance of MPs, demonstrating no accumulation of MPs in N. norvegicus. Based on the results of this study, data on MP ingestion could be used to study trends in the amount and composition of litter ingested by marine animals towards fulfilling requirements of descriptor 10 of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haleigh Joyce
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre (MFRC), Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology (GMIT), Dublin Rd., Galway H91 T8NW, Ireland.
| | - João Frias
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre (MFRC), Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology (GMIT), Dublin Rd., Galway H91 T8NW, Ireland
| | - Fiona Kavanagh
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre (MFRC), Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology (GMIT), Dublin Rd., Galway H91 T8NW, Ireland
| | - Rachel Lynch
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre (MFRC), Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology (GMIT), Dublin Rd., Galway H91 T8NW, Ireland
| | - Elena Pagter
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre (MFRC), Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology (GMIT), Dublin Rd., Galway H91 T8NW, Ireland
| | - Jonathan White
- Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Galway H91 R673, Ireland
| | - Róisín Nash
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre (MFRC), Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology (GMIT), Dublin Rd., Galway H91 T8NW, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li M, Huang Q, Lv X, Small HJ, Li C. Integrative omics analysis highlights the immunomodulatory effects of the parasitic dinoflagellate hhematodinium on crustacean hemocytes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 125:35-47. [PMID: 35526798 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic dinoflagellates in genus Hematodinium have caused substantial economic losses to multiple commercially valuable marine crustaceans around the world. Recent efforts to better understand the life cycle and biology of the parasite have improved our understanding of the disease ecology. However, studies on the host-parasite interaction, especially how Hematodinium parasites evade the host immune response are lacking. To address this shortfall, we used the comprehensive omics approaches (miRNA transcriptomics, iTRAQ-based proteomics) to get insights into the host-parasite interaction between hemocytes from Portunus trituberculatus and Hematodinium perezi in the present study. The parasitic dinoflagellate H. perezi remodeled the miRNome and proteome of hemocytes from challenged hosts, modulated the host immune response at both post-transcriptional and translational levels and caused post-transcriptional regulation to the host immune response. Multiple important cellular and humoral immune-related pathways (ex. Apoptosis, Endocytosis, ECM-receptor interaction, proPO activation pathway, Toll-like signaling pathway, Jak-STAT signaling pathway) were significantly affected by Hematodinium parasites. Through modulation of the host miRNome, the host immune responses of nodulation, proPO activation and antimicrobial peptides were significantly suppressed. Cellular homeostasis was imbalanced via post-transcriptional dysregulation of the phagosome and peroxisome pathways. Cellular structure and communication was seriously impacted by post-transcriptional downregulation of ECM-receptor interaction and focal adhesion pathways. In conclusion, H. perezi parasites could trigger striking changes in the miRNome and proteome of crustacean hemocytes, and this parasite exhibited multifaceted immunomodulatory effects and potential immune-suppressive mechanisms in crustacean hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- CAS Key Lab of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China; Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qian Huang
- CAS Key Lab of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyang Lv
- CAS Key Lab of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hamish J Small
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, P.O. Box 1346, Gloucester Point, VA, 23062, USA.
| | - Caiwen Li
- CAS Key Lab of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China; Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Prestes dos Santos Tavares C, Zhao M, Lopes Vogt É, Felipe Argenta Model J, Sommer Vinagre A, de Assis Teixeira da Silva U, Ostrensky A, James Schott E. High prevalence of CsRV2 in cultured Callinectes danae: Potential impacts on soft-shell crab production in Brazil. J Invertebr Pathol 2022; 190:107739. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
20
|
Sehein TR, Gast RJ, Pachiadaki M, Guillou L, Edgcomb VP. Parasitic infections by Group II Syndiniales target selected dinoflagellate host populations within diverse protist assemblages in a model coastal pond. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:1818-1834. [PMID: 35315564 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protists are integral to marine food webs and biogeochemical cycles; however, there is a paucity of data describing specific ecological niches for some of the most abundant taxa in marker gene libraries. Syndiniales are one such group, often representing the majority of sequence reads recovered from picoplankton samples across the global ocean. However, the prevalence and impacts of syndinian parasitism in marine environments remains unclear. We began to address these critical knowledge gaps by generating a high-resolution time series (March-October 2018) in a productive coastal pond. Seasonal shifts in protist populations, including parasitic Syndiniales, were documented during periods of higher primary productivity and increased summer temperature-driven stratification. Elevated concentrations of infected hosts and free-living parasite spores occurred at nearly monthly intervals in July, August, and September. We suggest intensifying stratification during this period correlated with the increased prevalence of dinoflagellates that were parasitized by Group II Syndiniales. Infections in some protist populations were comparable to previously reported large single-taxon dinoflagellate blooms. Infection dynamics in Salt Pond demonstrated the propagation of syndinian parasites through mixed protist assemblages and highlighted patterns of host/parasite interactions that better reflect many other marine environments where single taxon blooms are uncommon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor R Sehein
- MIT-WHOI Joint Program in Biological Oceanography, Cambridge and Woods Hole, MA, United States
| | - Rebecca J Gast
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States
| | - Maria Pachiadaki
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States
| | - Laure Guillou
- Sorbonne Université & Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique, Station Biologique de Roscoff, UMR7144, Roscoff, France
| | - Virginia P Edgcomb
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Davies CE, Thomas JE, Malkin SH, Batista FM, Rowley AF, Coates CJ. Hematodinium sp. infection does not drive collateral disease contraction in a crustacean host. eLife 2022; 11:70356. [PMID: 35179494 PMCID: PMC8856654 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Host, pathogen, and environment are determinants of the disease triangle, the latter being a key driver of disease outcomes and persistence within a community. The dinoflagellate genus Hematodinium is detrimental to crustaceans globally - considered to suppress the innate defences of hosts, making them more susceptible to co-infections. Evidence supporting immune suppression is largely anecdotal and sourced from diffuse accounts of compromised decapods. We used a population of shore crabs (Carcinus maenas), where Hematodinium sp. is endemic, to determine the extent of collateral infections across two distinct environments (open-water, semi-closed dock). Using a multi-resource approach (PCR, histology, haematology, population genetics, eDNA), we identified 162 Hematodinium-positive crabs and size/sex-matched these to 162 Hematodinium-free crabs out of 1191 analysed. Crabs were interrogated for known additional disease-causing agents; haplosporidians, microsporidians, mikrocytids, Vibrio spp., fungi, Sacculina, trematodes, and haemolymph bacterial loads. We found no significant differences in occurrence, severity, or composition of collateral infections between Hematodinium-positive and Hematodinium-free crabs at either site, but crucially, we recorded site-restricted blends of pathogens. We found no gross signs of host cell immune reactivity towards Hematodinium in the presence or absence of other pathogens. We contend Hematodinium sp. is not the proximal driver of co-infections in shore crabs, which suggests an evolutionary drive towards latency in this environmentally plastic host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E Davies
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica E Thomas
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie H Malkin
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Frederico M Batista
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom.,Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew F Rowley
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Coates
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Urrutia A, Mitsi K, Foster R, Ross S, Carr M, Ward GM, van Aerle R, Marigomez I, Leger MM, Ruiz-Trillo I, Feist SW, Bass D. Txikispora philomaios n. sp., n. g., a Micro-Eukaryotic Pathogen of Amphipods, Reveals Parasitism and Hidden Diversity in Class Filasterea. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2021; 69:e12875. [PMID: 34726818 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study provides a morphological, ultrastructural, and phylogenetic characterization of a novel micro-eukaryotic parasite (2.3-2.6 µm) infecting amphipod genera Echinogammarus and Orchestia. Longitudinal studies across two years revealed that infection prevalence peaked in late April and May, reaching 64% in Echinogammarus sp. and 15% in Orchestia sp., but was seldom detected during the rest of the year. The parasite infected predominantly haemolymph, connective tissue, tegument, and gonad, although hepatopancreas and nervous tissue were affected in heavier infections, eliciting melanization and granuloma formation. Cell division occurred inside walled parasitic cysts, often within host haemocytes, resulting in haemolymph congestion. Small subunit (18S) rRNA gene phylogenies including related environmental sequences placed the novel parasite as a highly divergent lineage within Class Filasterea, which together with Choanoflagellatea represent the closest protistan relatives of Metazoa. We describe the new parasite as Txikispora philomaios n. sp. n. g., the first confirmed parasitic filasterean lineage, which otherwise comprises four free-living flagellates and a rarely observed endosymbiont of snails. Lineage-specific PCR probing of other hosts and surrounding environments only detected T. philomaios in the platyhelminth Procerodes sp. We expand the known diversity of Filasterea by targeted searches of metagenomic datasets, resulting in 13 previously unknown lineages from environmental samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ander Urrutia
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Barrack Road, Weymouth, DT4 8UB, UK.,Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology (Faculty of Science and Technology), Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza Pasealekua z/g, Plentzia, 48620, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Konstantina Mitsi
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona, 08003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rachel Foster
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Stuart Ross
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Barrack Road, Weymouth, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Martin Carr
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Georgia M Ward
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Ronny van Aerle
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Barrack Road, Weymouth, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Ionan Marigomez
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology (Faculty of Science and Technology), Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza Pasealekua z/g, Plentzia, 48620, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Michelle M Leger
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona, 08003, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Centre for Comparative Genomics and evolutionary Bioinformatics, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona, 08003, Catalonia, Spain.,Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, 08028, Catalonia, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Stephen W Feist
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Barrack Road, Weymouth, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - David Bass
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Barrack Road, Weymouth, DT4 8UB, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li C, Li M, Huang Q. The parasitic dinoflagellate Hematodinium infects marine crustaceans. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 3:313-325. [PMID: 37073297 PMCID: PMC10077234 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-020-00061-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hematodinium is a type of parasitic dinoflagellate that infects marine crustaceans globally. The parasite lives mainly in the hemolymph or hemocoels of affected hosts, and results in mortalities due to malfunction or loss of functions of major organs. In recent years, the parasite had developed into an emerging epidemic pathogen not only affecting wild populations of economically valuable marine crustaceans in western countries but also the sustainable yield of aquaculture of major crabs in China. The epidemics of the parasitic diseases expanded recently in the coastal waters of China, and caused frequent outbreaks in aquaculture of major crab species, especially Portunus trituberculatus and Scylla paramamosain. In addition, the pathogen infected two species of co-cultured shrimps and multiple cohabitating wild crabs, implying it is a significant threat to the sustainable culture of commercially valuable marine crustaceans. In particular, the polyculture system that is widely used along the coast of China may facilitate the spread and transmission of the pathogen. Thus, to provide a better understanding of the biological and ecological characteristics of the parasitic dinoflagellate and highlight important directions for future research, we have reviewed the current knowledge on the taxonomy, life cycle, pathogenesis, transmission and epidemiology of Hematodinium spp. Moreover, ecological countermeasures have been proposed for the prevention and control of the emerging infectious disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caiwen Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071 China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237 China
- Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Meng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071 China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Qian Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
First detection of Hematodinium sp. In spiny king crab Paralithodes brevipes, and new geographic areas for the parasite in tanner crab Chionoecetes bairdi, and red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 184:107651. [PMID: 34348127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A parasitic dinoflagellate of the genus Hematodinium was found off the Pacific coast of Kamchatka in three species of crabs: red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus, tanner crab Chionoecetes bairdi, and spiny king crab Paralithodes brevipes. This is the first detection of Hematodinium in spiny king crab. The results of the genetic analysis showed that the pathogen found in P. brevipes, P. camtschaticus, and C bairdi from the Avacha and Kronotsky bays off the Pacific coast of Kamchatka was the same or very close to the Hematodinium sp., which infects many species of crustaceans in the Northern Hemisphere. The prevalence of infection was 0.2% for tanner crabs and 2.7% for red king crabs. Due to a limited sample size, we were unable to calculate the prevalence for spiny king crabs and female red king crabs. Both the macroscopic and microscopic signs of the pathology were similar in all diseased crabs. The differences in the micromorphology of the Hematodinium cells we found in the three crab species, including the presence or absence of trichocysts, the shape of the plasmodia, and the structure of pore complexes, are most likely related to the life cycle and the physiology of the parasite. The results of the genetic analysis showed that the pathogen found in P. brevipes, P. camtschaticus, and C. bairdi from the Avacha and Kronotsky bays of the Pacific coast of Kamchatka was the same or very close to the Hematodinium sp., which infects many species of crustaceans in the Northern Hemisphere.
Collapse
|
25
|
Jacobs-Palmer E, Gallego R, Cribari K, Keller AG, Kelly RP. Environmental DNA Metabarcoding for Simultaneous Monitoring and Ecological Assessment of Many Harmful Algae. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.612107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Harmful algae can have profound economic, environmental, and social consequences. As the timing, frequency, and severity of harmful algal blooms (HABs) change alongside global climate, efficient tools to monitor and understand the current ecological context of these taxa are increasingly important. Here we employ environmental DNA metabarcoding to identify patterns in a wide variety of potentially harmful algae and associated ecological communities in the Hood Canal of Puget Sound in Washington State, USA. Tracking trends of occurrence in a series of water samples over a period of 19 months, we find algal sequences from genera with harmful members in a majority of samples, suggesting that these groups are routinely present in local waters. We report patterns in variants of the economically important genus Pseudo-nitzschia (of which some members produce domoic acid; family Bacillariaceae), as well as multiple potentially harmful algal taxa previously unknown or poorly documented in the region, including a cold-water variant from the genus Alexandrium (of which some members produce saxitoxin; family Gonyaulacaceae), two variants from the genus Karlodinium (of which some members produce karlotoxins; family Kareniaceae), and one variant from the parasitic genus Hematodinium (family Syndiniaceae). We then use data on environmental variables and the biological community surrounding each algal taxon to illustrate the ecological context in which they are commonly found. Environmental DNA metabarcoding thus simultaneously (1) alerts us to potential new or cryptic occurrences of algae from harmful genera, (2) expands our knowledge of the co-occurring conditions and species associated with the growth of these organisms in changing marine environments, and (3) suggests a pathway for multispecies monitoring and management moving forward.
Collapse
|
26
|
Käse L, Metfies K, Neuhaus S, Boersma M, Wiltshire KH, Kraberg AC. Host-parasitoid associations in marine planktonic time series: Can metabarcoding help reveal them? PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244817. [PMID: 33411833 PMCID: PMC7790432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we created a dataset of a continuous three-year 18S metabarcoding survey to identify eukaryotic parasitoids, and potential connections to hosts at the Long-Term Ecological Research station Helgoland Roads. The importance of parasites and parasitoids for food web dynamics has previously been recognized mostly in terrestrial and freshwater systems, while marine planktonic parasitoids have been understudied in comparison to those. Therefore, the occurrence and role of parasites and parasitoids remains mostly unconsidered in the marine environment. We observed high abundances and diversity of parasitoid operational taxonomic units in our dataset all year round. While some parasitoid groups were present throughout the year and merely fluctuated in abundances, we also detected a succession of parasitoid groups with peaks of individual species only during certain seasons. Using co-occurrence and patterns of seasonal occurrence, we were able to identify known host-parasitoid dynamics, however identification of new potential host-parasitoid interactions was not possible due to their high dynamics and variability in the dataset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Käse
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Katja Metfies
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Bremen, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut für Funktionelle Marine Biodiversität, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Neuhaus
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Bremen, Germany
| | - Maarten Boersma
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
- University of Bremen, Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Karen Helen Wiltshire
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Wadden Sea Station, List auf Sylt, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Alexandra Claudia Kraberg
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Bremen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li M, Huang Q, Lv X, Song S, Li C. The parasitic dinoflagellate Hematodinium infects multiple crustaceans in the polyculture systems of Shandong Province, China. J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 178:107523. [PMID: 33358749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The parasitic dinoflagellates of the Hematodinium genus have impacted wild and cultured stocks of commercial crustaceans worldwide. In the past decade, outbreaks of Hematodinium epizootics resulted in substantial mortalities in cultured Chinese swimming crabs Portunus trituberculatus in the polyculture ponds located in Shandong Peninsula, whereas the source and transmission of the parasite in the polyculture pond system remains to be determined. During April to December of 2018, 2034 crabs and 108 shrimps were collected from the polyculture pond systems in the highly endemic area of Hematodinium diseases in Qingdao, Shandong Province. Among those, 188 individuals of the 6 crab species were infected by the parasite, including 4 novel host species (Uca arcuate, Hemigrapsus penicillatus, Helice wuana and Macrophthalmus japonicas). No infection was identified in Penaeus monodon. Further phylogenetic analyses indicated that the Hematodinium isolate infecting the six crab hosts, together with other isolates reported from China, composed the genotype II of Hematodinium perezi. The parasite was more infectious to cultured Portunus trituberculatus and the dominant wild crab Helice tientsinensis dwelling in the waterways connecting to the polyculture ponds, even though it was found to be a host generalist pathogen. The prevalence of Hematodinium perezi infection in Helice tientsinensis was higher than that of other wild crabs and showed significant positive correlation with that of the cultured Portunus trituberculatus. The results indicated that the wild crabs, particularly Helice tientsinensis, were the important alternate hosts closely involved in transmission and spreading of the Hematodinium disease in the polyculture pond systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qian Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyang Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuqun Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Caiwen Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Behringer DC, Duermit-Moreau E. Crustaceans, One Health and the changing ocean. J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 186:107500. [PMID: 33144148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Crustaceans permeate every habitat on Earth but are especially impactful in the marine environment. They can be small and extremely abundant like the ubiquitous marine copepods found throughout the world's oceans, or large and highly prized by fishermen like spiny lobsters found in tropical and temperate seas, globally. The latter are among the decapod crustaceans, a group which includes crabs, shrimps, and lobsters - those targeted most commonly by fishery and aquaculture industries. Hence, crustaceans are ecologically important, but they are also directly linked to the economic and nutritional health of human populations. To most effectively manage and conserve crustacean populations in the face of a changing ocean environment, whether they are harvested or not, requires a One Health approach that underscores the linkages between crustacean, human, and environmental health. Here, we give an overview of the need, benefits, and challenges to taking the One Health approach to crustacean health and argue that when viewed through the One Health lens, there is perhaps no other group of marine animals more worthy of that perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald C Behringer
- Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Florida, 7922 NW 71st Street, Gainesville, FL 32653, USA; Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 2055 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Duermit-Moreau
- Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Florida, 7922 NW 71st Street, Gainesville, FL 32653, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Stephens TG, González-Pech RA, Cheng Y, Mohamed AR, Burt DW, Bhattacharya D, Ragan MA, Chan CX. Genomes of the dinoflagellate Polarella glacialis encode tandemly repeated single-exon genes with adaptive functions. BMC Biol 2020; 18:56. [PMID: 32448240 PMCID: PMC7245778 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00782-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dinoflagellates are taxonomically diverse and ecologically important phytoplankton that are ubiquitously present in marine and freshwater environments. Mostly photosynthetic, dinoflagellates provide the basis of aquatic primary production; most taxa are free-living, while some can form symbiotic and parasitic associations with other organisms. However, knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that underpin the adaptation of these organisms to diverse ecological niches is limited by the scarce availability of genomic data, partly due to their large genome sizes estimated up to 250 Gbp. Currently available dinoflagellate genome data are restricted to Symbiodiniaceae (particularly symbionts of reef-building corals) and parasitic lineages, from taxa that have smaller genome size ranges, while genomic information from more diverse free-living species is still lacking. RESULTS Here, we present two draft diploid genome assemblies of the free-living dinoflagellate Polarella glacialis, isolated from the Arctic and Antarctica. We found that about 68% of the genomes are composed of repetitive sequence, with long terminal repeats likely contributing to intra-species structural divergence and distinct genome sizes (3.0 and 2.7 Gbp). For each genome, guided using full-length transcriptome data, we predicted > 50,000 high-quality protein-coding genes, of which ~40% are in unidirectional gene clusters and ~25% comprise single exons. Multi-genome comparison unveiled genes specific to P. glacialis and a common, putatively bacterial origin of ice-binding domains in cold-adapted dinoflagellates. CONCLUSIONS Our results elucidate how selection acts within the context of a complex genome structure to facilitate local adaptation. Because most dinoflagellate genes are constitutively expressed, Polarella glacialis has enhanced transcriptional responses via unidirectional, tandem duplication of single-exon genes that encode functions critical to survival in cold, low-light polar environments. These genomes provide a foundational reference for future research on dinoflagellate evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy G Stephens
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Present Address: Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Raúl A González-Pech
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Present address: Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- UQ Genomics Initiative, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Present Address: Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Amin R Mohamed
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, Brisbane, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - David W Burt
- UQ Genomics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Debashish Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Mark A Ragan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Cheong Xin Chan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia. .,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia. .,Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yu Y, Liu X, Lei Y, Zhou S, Jin S, Qian D, Xie X, Yin F, Wang C. Anti-parasitic effects and toxicity of formalin on the parasite Mesanophrys sp. of the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus. Exp Parasitol 2020; 212:107886. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
31
|
Vogt G. Cytopathology and immune response in the hepatopancreas of decapod crustaceans. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2020; 138:41-88. [PMID: 32103822 DOI: 10.3354/dao03443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The hepatopancreas of decapod crustaceans is used as an example to illustrate the range of cytopathologies, detoxification mechanisms, and immune responses that environmental toxicants and pathogens can induce in a single organ. The hepatopancreas is the central metabolic organ of decapods and consists of hundreds of blindly-ending tubules and intertubular spaces. The tubular epithelium contains 5 structurally and functionally different cell types, and the interstitium contains haemolymph, haemocytes, connective tissue, and fixed phagocytes. Some physiological conditions such as moulting and starvation cause marked but reversible ultrastructural alterations of the epithelial cells. Environmental toxicants induce either detoxification mechanisms or structural damage in cells, depending on toxicant and concentration. The hepatopancreas is also a main target organ for pathogens, mainly viruses, bacteria, and protists that enter the body via the digestive tract and gills and replicate in the hepatopancreatocytes. The cytopathologies caused by toxicants and pathogens affect single cell types specifically or, more often, several cell types simultaneously. Pathogenesis often begins in a certain cell organelle such as the nucleus, mitochondrion, or endoplasmic reticulum, spreads to other organelles, and ends with death of the infected cell. Fixed phagocytes in the interstitium capture and degrade pathogens that move from the infected tubules into the intertubular spaces or enter the hepatopancreas via circulation. Relatively few disease agents elicit the melanisation and encapsulation reaction that encloses infected tubules by a rigid melanised capsule and kills the entrapped pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Günter Vogt
- Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chen T, Xiao J, Liu Y, Song S, Li C. Distribution and genetic diversity of the parasitic dinoflagellate Amoebophrya in coastal waters of China. HARMFUL ALGAE 2019; 89:101633. [PMID: 31672225 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.101633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Amoebophrya is an obligate endoparasite infecting wide ranges of marine organisms in coastal and oceanic waters. The parasitoid has received growing attention, due to its enormous genetic diversity in seawaters and suppressive effects on the growth of host dinoflagellates. Harmful algal blooms (HABs) caused by planktonic dinoflagellates have significantly impacted the coastal environment and mariculture in China. Series of studies have been conducted to reveal the occurrence mechanism and negative impacts of HABs in past decades, while the factors contributing to the recession of HABs have rarely been studied. Thus, the host range, prevalence and diversity of Amoebophrya along the coastline of China were systemically investigated to facilitate future studies on the ecological roles of the parasitoid. Overall, 10 dinoflagellate taxa were found to be infected by Amoebophrya spp., and the prevalence ranged from 0.03% to 2.50%. Sequencing of environmental genomic DNA revealed substantial diversity and significant regional heterogeneity of Amoebophryidae sequences derived from 12 coastal bays, while no significant correlation was observed among geographical locations. Phylogenetic analyses of 18S rDNA sequences derived from individual Amoebophrya-infected cells indicated the host divergence of the parasitoid and lend credence to the multiple species assumption. The results further revealed the broad host range, wide distribution and substantial diversity of Amoebophrya in the coastal waters of China, that should not be neglected in future studies on the succession of HABs, as well as the ecological significance of this parasitoid in marine microbial food webs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China; Key Laboratory of Science and Engineering for Marine Ecology and Environment, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Yun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Shuqun Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Caiwen Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Davies CE, Batista FM, Malkin SH, Thomas JE, Bryan CC, Crocombe P, Coates CJ, Rowley AF. Spatial and temporal disease dynamics of the parasite Hematodinium sp. in shore crabs, Carcinus maenas. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:472. [PMID: 31604479 PMCID: PMC6790014 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3727-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The parasitic dinoflagellates of the genus Hematodinium represent the causative agent of so-called bitter or pink crab disease in a broad range of shellfish taxa. Outbreaks of Hematodinium-associated disease can devastate local fishing and aquaculture efforts. The goal of our study was to examine the potential role of the common shore (green) crab Carcinus maenas as a reservoir for Hematodinium. Carcinus maenas is native to all shores of the UK and Ireland and the North East Atlantic but has been introduced to, and subsequently invaded waters of, the USA, South Africa and Australia. This species is notable for its capacity to harbour a range of micro- and macro-parasites, and therefore may act as a vector for disease transfer. Methods Over a 12-month period, we interrogated 1191 crabs across two distinct locations (intertidal pier, semi-closed dock) in Swansea Bay (Wales, UK) for the presence and severity of Hematodinium in the haemolymph, gills, hepatopancreas and surrounding waters (eDNA) using PCR-based methods, haemolymph preparations and histopathology. Results Overall, 13.6% were Hematodinium-positive via PCR and confirmed via tissue examination. Only a small difference was observed between locations with 14.4% and 12.8% infected crabs in the Dock and Pier, respectively. Binomial logistic regression models revealed seasonality (P < 0.002) and sex (P < 0.001) to be significant factors in Hematodinium detection with peak infection recorded in spring (March to May). Male crabs overall were more likely to be infected. Phylogenetic analyses of the partial ITS and 18S rRNA gene regions of Hematodinium amplified from crabs determined the causative agent to be the host generalist Hematodinium sp., which blights several valuable crustaceans in the UK alone, including edible crabs (Cancer pagurus) and langoustines (Nephrops norvegicus). Conclusions Shore crabs were infected with the host generalist parasite Hematodinium sp. in each location tested, thereby enabling the parasite to persist in an environment shared with commercially important shellfish.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E Davies
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK.
| | - Frederico M Batista
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK.,Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Weymouth, Dorset, UK
| | - Sophie H Malkin
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Jessica E Thomas
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Charlotte C Bryan
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Peter Crocombe
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Christopher J Coates
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK.
| | - Andrew F Rowley
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bojko J, Ovcharenko M. Pathogens and other symbionts of the Amphipoda: taxonomic diversity and pathological significance. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2019; 136:3-36. [PMID: 31575832 DOI: 10.3354/dao03321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With over 10000 species of Amphipoda currently described, this order is one of the most diverse groups of freshwater and marine Crustacea. Members of this group are globally distributed, and many are keystone species and ecosystem engineers within their respective ecologies. As with most organisms, disease is a key factor that can alter population size, behaviour, survival, invasion potential and physiology of amphipod hosts. This review explores symbiont diversity and pathology in amphipods by coalescing a range of current and historical literature to provide the first full review of our understanding of amphipod disease. The review is broken into 2 parts. The first half explores amphipod microparasites, which include data pertaining to viruses, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, microsporidians, dinoflagellates, myxozoans, ascetosporeans, mesomycetozoeans, apicomplexans and ciliophorans. The second half reports the metazoan macroparasites of Amphipoda, including rotifers, trematodes, acanthocephalans, nematodes, cestodes and parasitic Crustacea. In all cases we have endeavoured to provide a complete list of known species that cause disease in amphipods, while also exploring the effects of parasitism. Although our understanding of disease in amphipods requires greater research efforts to better define taxonomic diversity and host effects of amphipod symbionts, research to date has made huge progress in cataloguing and experimentally determining the effects of disease upon amphipods. For the future, we suggest a greater focus on developing model systems that use readily available amphipods and diseases, which can be comparable to the diseases in other Crustacea that are endangered, economically important or difficult to house.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Bojko
- University of Florida, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Aquatic Pathobiology Laboratory, 2173 Mowry Road, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
The parasitic dinoflagellate Hematodinium perezi infecting mudflat crabs, Helice tientsinensis, in polyculture system in China. J Invertebr Pathol 2019; 166:107229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2019.107229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
36
|
Schott EJ, Di Lella S, Bachvaroff TR, Amzel LM, Vasta GR. Lacking catalase, a protistan parasite draws on its photosynthetic ancestry to complete an antioxidant repertoire with ascorbate peroxidase. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:146. [PMID: 31324143 PMCID: PMC6642578 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1465-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antioxidative enzymes contribute to a parasite’s ability to counteract the host’s intracellular killing mechanisms. The facultative intracellular oyster parasite, Perkinsus marinus, a sister taxon to dinoflagellates and apicomplexans, is responsible for mortalities of oysters along the Atlantic coast of North America. Parasite trophozoites enter molluscan hemocytes by subverting the phagocytic response while inhibiting the typical respiratory burst. Because P. marinus lacks catalase, the mechanism(s) by which the parasite evade the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide had remained unclear. We previously found that P. marinus displays an ascorbate-dependent peroxidase (APX) activity typical of photosynthetic eukaryotes. Like other alveolates, the evolutionary history of P. marinus includes multiple endosymbiotic events. The discovery of APX in P. marinus raised the questions: From which ancestral lineage is this APX derived, and what role does it play in the parasite’s life history? Results Purification of P. marinus cytosolic APX activity identified a 32 kDa protein. Amplification of parasite cDNA with oligonucleotides corresponding to peptides of the purified protein revealed two putative APX-encoding genes, designated PmAPX1 and PmAPX2. The predicted proteins are 93% identical, and PmAPX2 carries a 30 amino acid N-terminal extension relative to PmAPX1. The P. marinus APX proteins are similar to predicted APX proteins of dinoflagellates, and they more closely resemble chloroplastic than cytosolic APX enzymes of plants. Immunofluorescence for PmAPX1 and PmAPX2 shows that PmAPX1 is cytoplasmic, while PmAPX2 is localized to the periphery of the central vacuole. Three-dimensional modeling of the predicted proteins shows pronounced differences in surface charge of PmAPX1 and PmAPX2 in the vicinity of the aperture that provides access to the heme and active site. Conclusions PmAPX1 and PmAPX2 phylogenetic analysis suggests that they are derived from a plant ancestor. Plant ancestry is further supported by the presence of ascorbate synthesis genes in the P. marinus genome that are similar to those in plants. The localizations and 3D structures of the two APX isoforms suggest that APX fulfills multiple functions in P. marinus within two compartments. The possible role of APX in free-living and parasitic stages of the life history of P. marinus is discussed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-019-1465-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Schott
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, 701 E. Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA.,Present address: University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, 701 E. Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Santiago Di Lella
- Instituto de Química Biológica - Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, IQUIBICEN / CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica, Fac. de Cs. Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Capital Federal, Argentina
| | - Tsvetan R Bachvaroff
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, 701 E. Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - L Mario Amzel
- Department of Biophysics & Biophysical Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Gerardo R Vasta
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, 701 E. Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
A histological atlas for the Palinuridae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Achelata): A guide to parasite discovery and spotting the abnormal in spiny lobsters. J Invertebr Pathol 2019; 163:21-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
38
|
Li M, Wang J, Huang Q, Li C. Proteomic analysis highlights the immune responses of the hepatopancreas against Hematodinium infection in Portunus trituberculatus. J Proteomics 2019; 197:92-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
39
|
Siegenthaler A, Wangensteen OS, Benvenuto C, Campos J, Mariani S. DNA metabarcoding unveils multiscale trophic variation in a widespread coastal opportunist. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:232-249. [PMID: 30276912 PMCID: PMC7380037 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A thorough understanding of ecological networks relies on comprehensive information on trophic relationships among species. Since unpicking the diet of many organisms is unattainable using traditional morphology-based approaches, the application of high-throughput sequencing methods represents a rapid and powerful way forward. Here, we assessed the application of DNA metabarcoding with nearly universal primers for the mitochondrial marker cytochrome c oxidase I in defining the trophic ecology of adult brown shrimp, Crangon crangon, in six European estuaries. The exact trophic role of this abundant and widespread coastal benthic species is somewhat controversial, while information on geographical variation remains scant. Results revealed a highly opportunistic behaviour. Shrimp stomach contents contained hundreds of taxa (>1,000 molecular operational taxonomic units), of which 291 were identified as distinct species, belonging to 35 phyla. Only twenty ascertained species had a mean relative abundance of more than 0.5%. Predominant species included other abundant coastal and estuarine taxa, including the shore crab Carcinus maenas and the amphipod Corophium volutator. Jacobs' selectivity index estimates based on DNA extracted from both shrimp stomachs and sediment samples were used to assess the shrimp's trophic niche indicating a generalist diet, dominated by crustaceans, polychaetes and fish. Spatial variation in diet composition, at regional and local scales, confirmed the highly flexible nature of this trophic opportunist. Furthermore, the detection of a prevalent, possibly endoparasitic fungus (Purpureocillium lilacinum) in the shrimp's stomach demonstrates the wide range of questions that can be addressed using metabarcoding, towards a more robust reconstruction of ecological networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andjin Siegenthaler
- Ecosystems and Environment Research CentreSchool of Environment and Life SciencesUniversity of SalfordSalfordUK
- Present address:
Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Owen S. Wangensteen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research CentreSchool of Environment and Life SciencesUniversity of SalfordSalfordUK
- Present address:
Norwegian College of Fishery ScienceUiT the Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Chiara Benvenuto
- Ecosystems and Environment Research CentreSchool of Environment and Life SciencesUniversity of SalfordSalfordUK
| | - Joana Campos
- CIIMARInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental ResearchUniversity of PortoMatosinhosPortugal
| | - Stefano Mariani
- Ecosystems and Environment Research CentreSchool of Environment and Life SciencesUniversity of SalfordSalfordUK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Li M, Huang Q, Wang J, Li C. Differential expression of microRNAs in Portunus trituberculatus in response to Hematodinium parasites. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 83:134-139. [PMID: 30195909 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Latest studies have indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in defending against bacterial and viral infections in marine crustacean, whereas little is known regarding the immunological roles of crustacean miRNAs in response to parasitic infection. To further reveal the host-parasite interactions between the parasitic dinoflagellate Hematodinium and its crustacean hosts, we applied the high-throughput sequencing technology to identify and characterize miRNAs in the Chinese swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus challenged with the Hematodinium parasite at a timescale of 16 days (d). A total of 168 miRNAs were identified and 51 miRNAs were differentially expressed in the hepatopancreas tissues of affected hosts. Eleven of the differentially expressed miRNAs were selected and verified by the quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), manifesting the consistency between the high throughout sequencing and qRT-PCR assays. Further analysis of the putative target genes indicated that various immune-related pathways (e.g. endocytosis, Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, lysosome, ECM-receptor interaction, complement and coagulation cascades, antigen processing and presentation, focal adhesion, etc.) and signal transduction pathways (e.g. JAK-STAT signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, etc.) were mediated by the differentially expressed miRNAs. The results presented fundamental knowledge on the immunological roles of crustacean miRNAs and contributed to the better understanding of hosts' miRNAs-mediated immunity against the parasitic infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Qian Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Caiwen Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kostin NN, Bobik TV, Shurdova EM, Ziganshin RH, Surina EA, Shagin DA, Shagina IA, Knorre VD, Isaev VA, Rudenskaya GN, Gabibov AG, Smirnov IV. Cloning and characterization of serpin from red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 81:99-107. [PMID: 30006043 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Serpins are a family of serine protease inhibitors that are involved in numerous physiological processes and are known to regulate innate immunity pathways. To advance our understanding of their role in P. camtschaticus, a commercially significant species, we cloned and characterized a serpin from this species, designated serpin PC, that has anticoagulant and anticomplement effects on human blood. We found that serpin PC is a secreted protein with a typical serpin-like primary structure that is similar to other known crustacean serpins. Recombinant serpin PC was found to have inhibitory activity against R/K-specific bovine cationic trypsin. The reaction proceeds through the formation of a stable covalent complex of peptidase with P1 residue R383 of serpin PC. This interaction is characterized by a relatively high overall inhibition constant kass=(2.3 ± 0.7) × 106 M-1s-1 and an SI of 4.7 ± 0.8. Protein localization by western blotting showed that serpin PC is present in the muscles and, to a lesser extent, the heart, whereas it is transcribed predominantly in hemocytes and the heart. Through peptidase activity profiling of hemocytes and plasma, we found that serpin PC inhibits at least two R/K-specific activities and showed that it inhibits phenoloxidase (PO) activity induction in hemocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N N Kostin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - T V Bobik
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - E M Shurdova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - R H Ziganshin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - E A Surina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - D A Shagin
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - I A Shagina
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - V D Knorre
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - V A Isaev
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - G N Rudenskaya
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A G Gabibov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - I V Smirnov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
A new host for Hematodinium infection among lithodid crabs from the Sea of Okhotsk. J Invertebr Pathol 2018; 153:12-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
43
|
Lycett KA, Chung JS, Pitula JS. The relationship of blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) size class and molt stage to disease acquisition and intensity of Hematodinium perezi infections. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192237. [PMID: 29474370 PMCID: PMC5825025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, early studies suggested a relationship between smaller crabs, which molt more frequently, and higher rates of infection by the dinoflagellate parasite, Hematodinium perezi. In order to better explore the influence of size and molting on infections, blue crabs were collected from the Maryland coastal bays and screened for the presence of H. perezi in hemolymph samples using a quantitative PCR assay. Molt stage was determined by a radioimmunoassay which measured ecdysteroid concentrations in blue crab hemolymph. Differences were seen in infection prevalence between size classes, with the medium size class (crabs 61 to 90 mm carapace width) and juvenile crabs (≤ 30 mm carapace width) having the highest infection prevalence at 47.2% and 46.7%, respectively. All size classes were susceptible to infection, although fall months favored disease acquisition by juveniles, whereas mid-sized animals (31-90 mm carapace width) acquired infection predominantly in summer. Disease intensity was also most pronounced in the summer, with blue crabs > 61 mm being primary sources of proliferation. Molt status appeared to be influenced by infection, with infected crabs having significantly lower concentrations of ecdysteroids than uninfected crabs in the spring and the fall. We hypothesize that infection by H. perezi may increase molt intervals, with a delay in the spring molt cycle as an evolutionary adaptation functioning to coincide with increased host metabolism, providing optimal conditions for H. perezi propagation. Regardless of season, postmolt crabs harbored significantly higher proportions of moderate and heavy infections, suggesting that the process of ecdysis, and the postmolt recovery period, has a positive effect on parasite proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Lycett
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland, United States of America
| | - J Sook Chung
- Department, The Institute of Marine & Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center of Environmental Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joseph S Pitula
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Huchin-Mian JP, Small HJ, Shields JD. The influence of temperature and salinity on mortality of recently recruited blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, naturally infected with Hematodinium perezi (Dinoflagellata). J Invertebr Pathol 2018; 152:8-16. [PMID: 29355502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The parasitic dinoflagellate Hematodinium perezi is highly prevalent in juvenile blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, along the eastern seaboard of the USA. Although the parasite is known to kill adult crabs, the mortality rate of naturally infected juvenile crabs remains unknown. We analyzed the influence of temperature and salinity on the mortality of recently recruited blue crabs that were naturally infected with H. perezi. Over 492 juvenile crabs (infected, n = 282; uninfected controls, n = 210) were held individually in six-well plates and held at six temperatures (4, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C) or three salinities (5, 15, and 30 psu) for a maximum of 90 days. Mortality of infected crabs was 10 times higher at elevated temperatures (25 and 30 °C) and salinity (30 psu) compared to uninfected control treatments. By contrast, infected crabs exposed to mild temperatures (10, 15, and 20 °C) showed a high survival (>80%), no different than uninfected control treatments. Infected crabs at the lowest temperature (4 °C) exhibited a high mortality, but the intensity of infection was lower than in the other temperature treatments. In addition, this study revealed the optimal temperature (25 °C) and salinity (30 psu) for H. perezi to progress in its life cycle leading to sporulation in juvenile crabs; 31.6% (19/60) of crabs held under these conditions released dinospores of H. perezi after 10 days. Crabs held at other temperatures did not release dinospores over the time course of the experiment. Infected crabs were capable of molting and in most cases molted at the same frequency as uninfected crabs serving as controls. The mortality observed in this study indicates that early benthic juveniles will experience significant mortality due to H. perezi with increasing ocean temperatures and that this mortality may be a significant factor in the recruitment of blue crabs to high salinity regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Huchin-Mian
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, P.O. Box 1346, 1375 Greate Road, Gloucester Point, VA 23062-1346, USA
| | - Hamish J Small
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, P.O. Box 1346, 1375 Greate Road, Gloucester Point, VA 23062-1346, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Shields
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, P.O. Box 1346, 1375 Greate Road, Gloucester Point, VA 23062-1346, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wang JF, Li M, Xiao J, Xu WJ, Li CW. Hematodinium spp. infections in wild and cultured populations of marine crustaceans along the coast of China. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2017; 124:181-191. [PMID: 28492174 DOI: 10.3354/dao03119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The parasitic dinoflagellate Hematodinium spp. infects a broad range of marine crustaceans. Its epidemics have impacted wild populations of various commercial fishery species around the world and the sustainability of mariculture in China. To study the epidemiology of Hematodinium spp. in marine crustaceans along the coast of China, we conducted a broad survey of wild and cultured stocks of major crustacean species in 2013 to 2015. Hematodinium sp. infections were identified in wild stocks of Portunus trituberculatus from Huludao, Laizhou, Qingdao, Yangtze River Estuary and Zhoushan, and Scylla paramamosain from Shantou; and cultured stocks of Portunus trituberculatus and Penaeus monodon from a polyculture pond in Qingdao. In the polyculture pond, Hematodinium sp. infections were observed in Portunus trituberculatus from June until October, with peak prevalence (up to 90%) observed in late July to early August. Furthermore, Hematodinium sp. infection was identified for the first time in the giant tiger prawn Penaeus monodon in the polyculture system during the disease outbreak. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Hematodinium isolate infecting Penaeus monodon was identical to the isolate infecting the co-cultured Portunus trituberculatus, and it was grouped into H. perezi genotype II together with the other isolates reported in China. The Hematodinium sp. isolated from Portunus trituberculatus appeared to have similar life stages as the H. perezi genotype III isolated from the American blue crab Callinectes sapidus. Our study indicates that outbreaks of Hematodinium disease can be a significant threat to the widely used polyculture system for decapods in China that may be particularly vulnerable to such generalist pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lycett KA, Pitula JS. Disease ecology of Hematodinium perezi in a high salinity estuary: investigating seasonal trends in environmental detection. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2017; 124:169-179. [PMID: 28492173 DOI: 10.3354/dao03112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The blue crab Callinectes sapidus has seen a general decline in population levels. One factor influencing mortality is infections by Hematodinium perezi, a dinoflagellate parasite. A 2 yr study was conducted in 2014 and 2015 to monitor H. perezi DNA within the Maryland (USA) coastal bays, comparing seasonal cycles in the abundance of parasite DNA in environmental samples to parasite presence in host blue crabs. A late summer to early fall peak in H. perezi infections in blue crabs was observed, consistent with previous work. Infection intensities matched this trend, showing a slow progression of low intensity infections early in the year, with a peak in moderate and heavy infections occurring between July and September, for both years. It was hypothesized that the peak in water column occurrence would coincide with those months when infection intensities were highest in blue crabs. As the peaks in water column occurrence were in July 2014 and August-September 2015, this is consistent with sporulation being the primary contributor to environmental detection in summer months. An additional peak in environmental detection occurred in both years during the early spring months, the cause of which is currently unknown but may be related to infections in overwintering crabs or alternate hosts. Several new crustacean hosts were identified within this estuary, including grass shrimp Palaemonetes spp. and the sand shrimp Crangon septemspinosa, as well as the mud crab Dyspanopeus sayi. Improved knowledge of this disease system will allow for better management of this important fishery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K A Lycett
- University of Maryland Eastern Shore, 1 Backbone Road, 2107 Carver Hall, Princess Anne, Maryland 21853, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Competition with stone crabs drives juvenile spiny lobster abundance and distribution. Oecologia 2017; 184:205-218. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-3844-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
48
|
Groner ML, Maynard J, Breyta R, Carnegie RB, Dobson A, Friedman CS, Froelich B, Garren M, Gulland FMD, Heron SF, Noble RT, Revie CW, Shields JD, Vanderstichel R, Weil E, Wyllie-Echeverria S, Harvell CD. Managing marine disease emergencies in an era of rapid change. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 371:rstb.2015.0364. [PMID: 26880835 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious marine diseases can decimate populations and are increasing among some taxa due to global change and our increasing reliance on marine environments. Marine diseases become emergencies when significant ecological, economic or social impacts occur. We can prepare for and manage these emergencies through improved surveillance, and the development and iterative refinement of approaches to mitigate disease and its impacts. Improving surveillance requires fast, accurate diagnoses, forecasting disease risk and real-time monitoring of disease-promoting environmental conditions. Diversifying impact mitigation involves increasing host resilience to disease, reducing pathogen abundance and managing environmental factors that facilitate disease. Disease surveillance and mitigation can be adaptive if informed by research advances and catalysed by communication among observers, researchers and decision-makers using information-sharing platforms. Recent increases in the awareness of the threats posed by marine diseases may lead to policy frameworks that facilitate the responses and management that marine disease emergencies require.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya L Groner
- Centre for Veterinary Epidemiological Research, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - Jeffrey Maynard
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Laboratoire d'Excellence 'CORAIL' USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE, CRIOBE, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Rachel Breyta
- School of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ryan B Carnegie
- Department of Aquatic Health Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - Andy Dobson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Carolyn S Friedman
- School of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Brett Froelich
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA
| | - Melissa Garren
- Division of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University Monterey Bay, 100 Campus Center, Seaside, CA 93955, USA
| | | | - Scott F Heron
- NOAA Coral Reef Watch, NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research, 5830 University Research Ct., E/RA3, College Park, MD 20740, USA Marine Geophysical Laboratory, Physics Department, College of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4814, Australia
| | - Rachel T Noble
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA
| | - Crawford W Revie
- Centre for Veterinary Epidemiological Research, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - Jeffrey D Shields
- Department of Aquatic Health Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - Raphaël Vanderstichel
- Centre for Veterinary Epidemiological Research, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - Ernesto Weil
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00680, USA
| | - Sandy Wyllie-Echeverria
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, WA 98250, USA Center for Marine and Environmental Studies, University of the Virgin Islands, St Thomas, VI 00802, USA
| | - C Drew Harvell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Genetic Variations of the Parasitic Dinoflagellate Hematodinium Infecting Cultured Marine Crustaceans in China. Protist 2016; 167:597-609. [DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
50
|
O'Leary PA, Shields JD. Fiddler crabs (Uca spp.) as model hosts for laboratory infections of Hematodinium perezi. J Invertebr Pathol 2016; 143:11-17. [PMID: 27836683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The parasitic dinoflagellate, Hematodinium perezi, negatively impacts the commercially important blue crab, Callinectes sapidus. The parasite is a host generalist, but it has not been reported from littoral fiddler crabs living within a few meters of habitat known to harbor infected blue crabs. In the first study, populations of three species of fiddler crab were screened for natural infections. The infection status of field-collected and lab-inoculated crabs was determined by screening fresh hemolymph with a 0.3% neutral red solution. Fiddler crabs were collected by hand in an area adjacent to where infected blue crabs were commonly collected. None of the 431 fiddlers had natural infections. In two separate studies, three species of fiddler crabs, Uca minax, U. pugnax, and U. pugilator, were evaluated for their susceptibility to H. perezi via inoculation of trophic stages. Uca minax inoculated with 10,000 cells of H. perezi were monitored for progression of the parasite. During hemolymph screenings of disease progression, filamentous trophonts, ameboid trophonts, and clump colonies were observed, indicative of active infections. In the second study, the minimum infective dose in U. minax was investigated. Fiddler crabs were inoculated with 0, 100, 1000, or 10,000 cells per crab. The minimum dose was determined to be approximately 1000 ameboid trophonts per crab. All three species of fiddler crab were susceptible to H. perezi via inoculation. The parasite was serially transferred from fiddler crabs to blue crabs without loss of infectivity. Survival studies indicated similar progression patterns to those observed in blue crabs. Based on our results fiddler crabs can serve as a laboratory model for investigating H. perezi infections and may be useful for comparative studies with blue crabs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A O'Leary
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Post Office Box 1346, 1375 Greate Road, Gloucester Point, VA 23062-1346, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Shields
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Post Office Box 1346, 1375 Greate Road, Gloucester Point, VA 23062-1346, USA
| |
Collapse
|