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Lazar AM, Costea DO, Popp CG, Mastalier B. Skin Malignant Melanoma and Matrix Metalloproteinases: Promising Links to Efficient Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7804. [PMID: 39063046 PMCID: PMC11277423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin malignant melanoma (MM) is one of the most frequent and aggressive neoplasia worldwide. Its associated high mortality rates are mostly due to its metastases, while diagnosis and treatment of MM in its early stages is of favorable prognostic. Even skin superficial MMs at incipient local stages can already present with lymph node invasion and distant metastases. Therefore, knowledge of the controllable risk factors and pathogenic mechanisms of MM development, spreading, and metastatic pattern, as well as early diagnosis, are essential to decrease the high mortality rates associated with cutaneous malignant melanoma. Genetic factors are incriminated, although lifetime-acquired genetic mutations appear to be even more frequently involved in the development of MM. Skin melanocytes divide only twice per year and have time to accumulate genetic mutations as a consequence of environmental aggressive factors, such as UV exposure. In the search for more promising therapies, matrix metalloproteinases have become of significant interest, such as MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-13, which have been linked to more aggressive forms of cancer and earlier metastases. Therefore, the development of specific synthetic inhibitors of MMP secretion or activity could represent a more promising and effective approach to the personalized treatment of MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Madalina Lazar
- Faculty of General Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- General Surgery Clinic, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Ovidiu Costea
- Second Surgery Clinic, Constanta District Clinical Emergency Hospital, 900591 Constanța, Romania
- Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Ovidius”, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | | | - Bogdan Mastalier
- Faculty of General Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- General Surgery Clinic, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
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Mastalier Manolescu BS, Lazar AM, Ţiplica GS, Zurac SA, Reboşapcă A, Andreescu B, Popp CG. MMP1, MMP9, MMP11 and MMP13 in melanoma and its metastasis - key points in understanding the mechanisms and celerity of tumor dissemination. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MORPHOLOGIE ET EMBRYOLOGIE 2024; 65:45-52. [PMID: 38527983 PMCID: PMC11146457 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.65.1.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)1, MMP9, MMP11, and MMP13 are overexpressed in malignant melanoma (MM), being associated with tumor invasive phase, metastases, and more aggressive neoplastic phenotypes. AIM The main objective of the current study was to correlate the expression of the MMPs with the evolution of MM toward distant metastasis. PATIENTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS We designed a retrospective cohort study, including 13 patients with metastatic MM. Data concerning age, sex, localization of the primary lesion and metastasis, and histological and immunohistochemical features (intensity of expression and percent of positive cells for MMPs) were statistically processed. RESULTS The time between the diagnosis of primitive melanoma and the diagnosis of metastasis ranged between 0 and 73 months, with a mean value of 18.3 months. The metastases rich in MMP1- and MMP9-positive cells occurred earlier than the metastases with low levels of positive cells. The mean period until metastasis was shorter for the MMP1-expressing tumors than the ones without MMP1 expression. MMP13 expression in the tumor and its metastasis was significantly linked with the time until the metastasis occurrence. CONCLUSIONS This study emphasizes the roles of MMP1, MMP9, and MMP13 in the process of metastasis in melanoma and the opportunity to use them as therapeutic targets and surveillance molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Stelian Mastalier Manolescu
- Department of General Surgery, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania;
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Xu X, Xu Y, Hu W, Hong W, Wang Y, Zhang X, Fan X, Wang T, Lou H, Yang Y, Qian J. Stromal score is a promising index in tumor patients' outcome determination. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22432. [PMID: 38034609 PMCID: PMC10687043 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immune status is widely acknowledged as a valuable marker for predicting cancer prognosis and therapy response. However, there has been a limited understanding of the stromal landscape in cancer. Methods By employing ESTIMATE, stromal- and immune-scores were inferred for 6193 tumor samples spanning 12 cancer types sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Subsequently, the samples were categorized into seven groups based on their stromal and immune scores. A comparison of prognosis, lymphocyte and stromal cell infiltration, and the response to programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) therapy was conducted among these subtypes. Results It was unveiled by the analysis that, in the majority of cancer types, stromal score exhibited a more potent predictive capability for outcomes compared to the immune score. Furthermore, it was observed that in four cancer types, intermediate immune infiltration coupled with low stromal infiltration correlated with the most favorable overall survival, whereas an unfavorable outcome was predicted in colorectal cancer (CRC) and stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) when high immune infiltration coexisted with intermediate or high stromal infiltration. Conclusion In summary, while high immune scores frequently correlate with a positive prognosis, such correlation is not universal. A potential strategy to address the current limitations of the immune score in specific circumstances could involve a focus on stromal scores or a subtle integration of stromal and immune status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxian Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, NO. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou City, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Gynecologic Radiation, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Banshan Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou City, 310022, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Jianggao Town Health Center of Baiyun District, Technical Cooperation Hospital of Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510460, China
| | - Wangxiong Hu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Wenjie Hong
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yichen Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Radiation, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Banshan Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou City, 310022, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Radiation, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Banshan Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou City, 310022, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoji Fan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingzhang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanmei Lou
- Department of Gynecologic Radiation, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Banshan Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou City, 310022, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yanmei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Genetics, Ministry of Education, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Jianhua Qian
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, NO. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou City, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
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Shi J, Nie W, Zhao X, Yang X, Cheng H, Zhou T, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Liu J. An Intracellular Self-Assembly-Driven Uninterrupted ROS Generator Augments 5-Aminolevulinic-Acid-Based Tumor Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201049. [PMID: 35488781 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Free radical therapy based on 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA, a precursor of the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX)) has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for clinical tumor treatment. However, PpIX can be quickly converted into photoinactive heme, leading to unexpectedly paused production of free radicals and severely hindering its therapeutic benefits. Here, inspired by the natural biotransformation of ALA (ALA-PpIX-heme), an uninterrupted reactive oxygen species generator (URG) that converts useless heme to peroxidase mimics via intracellular self-assembly is developed. The URG is prepared by enwrapping ALA-loaded polyamide-amine dendrimers in red blood cell membrane vesicles with a further surface modification of G-quadruplex-structured AS1411. The URGs realize "1 O2 -•OH" uninterrupted generation through "recycling waste" in two steps: i) PpIX generates 1 O2 under laser irradiation; and ii) the photoinactive metabolite heme self-assembled with AS1411 to catalyze H2 O2 conversion into •OH. Interestingly, the specific generation of 1 O2 in mitochondria and •OH in nuclei further augments the free-radical-induced damage. It is demonstrated that URG can continuously produce free radicals for 6 h postirradiation, and shows 3.3-times more than that of the nonassembly group, achieving nearly 80% regression of tumors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Science and Technology, Department of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Weimin Nie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiu Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xinyuan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Tonghai Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Science and Technology, Department of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Kaixiang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Science and Technology, Department of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Science and Technology, Department of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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Characterization of ferroptosis signature to evaluate the predict prognosis and immunotherapy in glioblastoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:17655-17672. [PMID: 34244461 PMCID: PMC8312442 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common type of brain cancer with poor survival outcomes and unsatisfactory response to current therapeutic strategies. Recent studies have demonstrated that ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) are linked with the occurrence and development of GBM and may become promising biological indicators in GBM therapy. METHODS We systematically assessed the relationship between FRGs expression profiles and prognosis in glioma patients based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) datasets to establish a risk score model according to the gene signature of multiple survival-associated DEGs. Further, the differences between the tumor microenvironment score, immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint expression levels, and drug sensitivity in the high- and low-risk group are analyzed through a variety of algorithms in R software. RESULTS GBM patients were divided into two subgroups (high- and low-risk) according to the established risk score model. Patients in the high-risk group showed significantly reduced overall survival compared with those in the low-risk group. Also, we found that the high-risk group showed higher ImmuneScore and StromalScore, while different subgroups have significant differences in immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint expression levels, and drug sensitivity. In summary, we developed and validated an FRGs risk model, which served as an independent prognostic indicator for GBM. Besides, the two subgroups divided by the model have significant differences, which provides novel insights for further studies as well as the personalized treatment of patients.
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L Antigen Family Member 3 Serves as a Prognostic Biomarker for the Clinical Outcome and Immune Infiltration in Skin Cutaneous Melanoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6648182. [PMID: 33829062 PMCID: PMC8000545 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6648182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
L Antigen Family Member 3 (LAGE3) is an important RNA modification-related protein. Whereas few studies have interrogated the LAGE3 protein, there is limited data on its role in tumors. Here, we analyzed and profiled the LAGE3 protein in skin cutaneous melanoma (CM) using TCGA, GTEx, or GEO databases. Our data showed an upregulation of LAGE3 in melanoma cell lines compared to normal skin cell lines. Besides, the Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard model revealed that LAGE3 was an independent survival indicator for CM, especially in metastatic CM. Moreover, LAGE3 was negatively associated with multiple immune cell infiltration levels in CM, especially CD8+ T cells in metastatic CM. Taken together, our study suggests that LAGE3 could be a potential prognostic biomarker and might be a potential target for the development of novel CM treatment strategies.
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Meng L, He X, Zhang X, Zhang X, Wei Y, Wu B, Li W, Li J, Xiao Y. Predicting the clinical outcome of melanoma using an immune-related gene pairs signature. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240331. [PMID: 33031392 PMCID: PMC7544036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Melanoma is rare but dangerous skin cancer, and it can spread rather quickly in the advanced stages of the tumor. Abundant evidence suggests the relationship between tumor development and progression and the immune system. A robust gene risk model could provide an accurate prediction of clinical outcomes. The present study aimed to explore a robust signature of immune-related gene pairs (IRGPs) for estimating overall survival (OS) in malignant melanoma. METHODS Clinical and genetic data of skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was performed as a training dataset to identify candidate IRGPs for the prognosis of melanoma. Two independent datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE65904) and TCGA dataset (TCGA-UVM) were selected for external validation. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were then performed to explore the prognostic power of the IRGPs signature and other clinical factors. CIBERSORTx was applied to estimate the fractions of infiltrated immune cells in bulk tumor tissues. RESULTS A signature consisted of 33 IRGPs was established which was significantly associated with patients' survival in the TCGA-SKCM dataset (P = 2.0×10-16, Hazard Ratio (HR) = 4.220 (2.909 to 6.122)). We found the IRGPs signature exhibited an independent prognostic factor in all the three independent cohorts in both the univariate and multivariate Cox analysis (P<0.01). The prognostic efficacy of the signature remained unaffected regardless of whether BRAF or NRAS was mutated. As expected, the results were verified in the GSE65904 dataset and the TCGA-UVM dataset. We found an apparent shorter OS in patients of the high-risk group in the GSE65904 dataset (P = 2.1×10-3; HR = 1.988 (1.309 to 3.020)). The trend in the results of the survival analysis in TCGA-UVM was as we expected, but the result was not statistically significant (P = 0.117, HR = 4.263 (1.407 to 12.91)). CD8 T cells, activated dendritic cells (DCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs), and activated CD4 memory T cells presented a significantly lower fraction in the high-risk group in the TCGA-SKCM dataset(P <0.01). CONCLUSION The results of the present study support the IRGPs signature as a promising marker for prognosis prediction in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Meng
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PAP Beijing Corps Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxi He
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yingtian Wei
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PAP Beijing Corps Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PAP Beijing Corps Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yueyong Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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