1
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Kang Y, Liu Y, Fu P, Ma L. Peritoneal fibrosis: from pathophysiological mechanism to medicine. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1438952. [PMID: 39301425 PMCID: PMC11411570 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1438952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is currently one of the effective methods for treating end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, long-term exposure to high concentration glucose in peritoneal dialysis environment could lead to peritoneal fibrosis (PF), impaired peritoneal filtration function, decreased peritoneal dialysis efficiency, and even withdrawal from peritoneal dialysis in patients. Considerable evidence suggests that peritoneal fibrosis after peritoneal dialysis is related to crucial factors such as mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT), inflammatory response, and angiogenesis, etc. In our review, we summarize the pathophysiological mechanisms and further illustrate the future strategies against PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxi Kang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Kidney Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Health Management Center, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Kidney Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Kidney Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Ito Y, Sun T, Tawada M, Kinashi H, Yamaguchi M, Katsuno T, Kim H, Mizuno M, Ishimoto T. Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Peritoneal Fibrosis and Peritoneal Membrane Dysfunction in Peritoneal Dialysis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8607. [PMID: 39201294 PMCID: PMC11354376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The characteristic feature of chronic peritoneal damage in peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a decline in ultrafiltration capacity associated with pathological fibrosis and angiogenesis. The pathogenesis of peritoneal fibrosis is attributed to bioincompatible factors of PD fluid and peritonitis. Uremia is associated with peritoneal membrane inflammation that affects fibrosis, neoangiogenesis, and baseline peritoneal membrane function. Net ultrafiltration volume is affected by capillary surface area, vasculopathy, peritoneal fibrosis, and lymphangiogenesis. Many inflammatory cytokines induce fibrogenic growth factors, with crosstalk between macrophages and fibroblasts. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A are the key mediators of fibrosis and angiogenesis, respectively. Bioincompatible factors of PD fluid upregulate TGF-β expression by mesothelial cells that contributes to the development of fibrosis. Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis can progress during fibrosis via TGF-β-VEGF-A/C pathways. Complement activation occurs in fungal peritonitis and progresses insidiously during PD. Analyses of the human peritoneal membrane have clarified the mechanisms by which encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis develops. Different effects of dialysates on the peritoneal membrane were also recognized, particularly in terms of vascular damage. Understanding the pathophysiologies of the peritoneal membrane will lead to preservation of peritoneal membrane function and improvements in technical survival, mortality, and quality of life for PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Ito
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan (H.K.); (M.Y.); (T.I.)
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan (H.K.); (M.Y.); (T.I.)
| | - Mitsuhiro Tawada
- Department of Nephrology, Imaike Jin Clinic, Nagoya 464-0850, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kinashi
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan (H.K.); (M.Y.); (T.I.)
| | - Makoto Yamaguchi
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan (H.K.); (M.Y.); (T.I.)
| | - Takayuki Katsuno
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University Medical Center, Okazaki 444-2148, Japan;
| | - Hangsoo Kim
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (H.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Masashi Mizuno
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (H.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Takuji Ishimoto
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan (H.K.); (M.Y.); (T.I.)
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Skedsmo FS, Løkka G, Chikwati E, Jacobsen JV, Espenes A, Kortner TM. Intestinal strangulation in farmed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua): Pathological changes and possible predisposing anatomical features. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2024; 47:e13955. [PMID: 38587083 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
During recent years, there has been a renewed interest in establishing farming of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in Norway. However, a fatal abdominal disorder compromises animal welfare and causes economic losses. A similar problem was present during a previous attempt to establish Atlantic cod farming more than a decade ago. In this paper, we provide the first in-depth description of this intestinal disorder, which is correctly denoted 'strangulating obstruction'. In affected fish, part of the intestine is permanently entrapped (incarcerated) under fibrous strands in the mesentery. The entrapment interferes with blood flow and physically blocks the intestine, causing a strangulating obstruction with severe venous congestion and ischemia of the intestinal wall. Furthermore, comparison of macroscopical and histological anatomy of farmed and wild Atlantic cod is presented and risk factors associated with the anatomical differences are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Strebel Skedsmo
- Pathology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), As, Norway
| | - Guro Løkka
- Nutrition and Health Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, NMBU, As, Norway
| | - Elvis Chikwati
- Nutrition and Health Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, NMBU, As, Norway
| | | | - Arild Espenes
- Pathology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), As, Norway
| | - Trond M Kortner
- Nutrition and Health Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, NMBU, As, Norway
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Kim JE, Han D, Kim KH, Seo A, Moon JJ, Jeong JS, Kim JH, Kang E, Bae E, Kim YC, Lee JW, Cha RH, Kim DK, Oh KH, Kim YS, Jung HY, Yang SH. Protective effect of Cyclo(His-Pro) on peritoneal fibrosis through regulation of HDAC3 expression. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23819. [PMID: 38984942 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400854r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis is a common treatment for end-stage renal disease, but complications often force its discontinuation. Preventive treatments for peritoneal inflammation and fibrosis are currently lacking. Cyclo(His-Pro) (CHP), a naturally occurring cyclic dipeptide, has demonstrated protective effects in various fibrotic diseases, yet its potential role in peritoneal fibrosis (PF) remains uncertain. In a mouse model of induced PF, CHP was administered, and quantitative proteomic analysis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was employed to identify PF-related protein signaling pathways. The results were further validated using human primary cultured mesothelial cells. This analysis revealed the involvement of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) in the PF signaling pathway. CHP administration effectively mitigated PF in both peritoneal tissue and human primary cultured mesothelial cells, concurrently regulating fibrosis-related markers and HDAC3 expression. Moreover, CHP enhanced the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) while suppressing forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1), known to inhibit Nrf2 transcription through its interaction with HDAC3. CHP also displayed an impact on spleen myeloid-derived suppressor cells, suggesting an immunomodulatory effect. Notably, CHP improved mitochondrial function in peritoneal tissue, resulting in increased mitochondrial membrane potential and adenosine triphosphate production. This study suggests that CHP can significantly prevent PF in peritoneal dialysis patients by modulating HDAC3 expression and associated signaling pathways, reducing fibrosis and inflammation markers, and improving mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dohyun Han
- Proteomics Core Facility, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Hong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Areum Seo
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Joo Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Seon Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Eunjeong Kang
- Transplantation Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunjin Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Yong Chul Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Wook Lee
- Nephrology Clinic, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ran-Hui Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Ki Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kook-Hwan Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yon Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoe-Yune Jung
- R&D Center, NovMetaPharma Co., Ltd, Pohang, Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - Seung Hee Yang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lu Y, Elrod J, Herrmann M, Knopf J, Boettcher M. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: A Crucial Factor in Post-Surgical Abdominal Adhesion Formation. Cells 2024; 13:991. [PMID: 38891123 PMCID: PMC11171752 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-surgical abdominal adhesions, although poorly understood, are highly prevalent. The molecular processes underlying their formation remain elusive. This review aims to assess the relationship between neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and the generation of postoperative peritoneal adhesions and to discuss methods for mitigating peritoneal adhesions. A keyword or medical subject heading (MeSH) search for all original articles and reviews was performed in PubMed and Google Scholar. It included studies assessing peritoneal adhesion reformation after abdominal surgery from 2003 to 2023. After assessing for eligibility, the selected articles were evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist for qualitative research. The search yielded 127 full-text articles for assessment of eligibility, of which 7 studies met our criteria and were subjected to a detailed quality review using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist. The selected studies offer a comprehensive analysis of adhesion pathogenesis with a special focus on the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the development of peritoneal adhesions. Current interventional strategies are examined, including the use of mechanical barriers, advances in regenerative medicine, and targeted molecular therapies. In particular, this review emphasizes the potential of NET-targeted interventions as promising strategies to mitigate postoperative adhesion development. Evidence suggests that in addition to their role in innate defense against infections and autoimmune diseases, NETs also play a crucial role in the formation of peritoneal adhesions after surgery. Therefore, therapeutic strategies that target NETs are emerging as significant considerations for researchers. Continued research is vital to fully elucidate the relationship between NETs and post-surgical adhesion formation to develop effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Lu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julia Elrod
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Knopf
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Boettcher
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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Oktan MA, Korucu B, Çolak A, Bildacı YD, Çavdar C, Değer SM. The relationship between changes in peritoneal membrane solute transfer characteristics and cardiac remodeling in patients with peritoneal dialysis. Ther Apher Dial 2024. [PMID: 38837848 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.14170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to determine the relationship between the dilatation of the heart chambers and the change in peritoneal membrane solute transfer characteristics (PMTC) in long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. METHODS This is a retrospective, single-center study including the follow-up of maintenance PD patients. According to the changes in PMTC from baseline to the last visit, patients were divided into three groups; stable (n = 11), increased (n = 41), and decreased transporters (n = 35). RESULTS Left atrium (LA) and Right ventricle (RV) dilatation were more prominent in the PMTC-decreased group compared to PMTC-increased and stable groups (p < 0.001 and p = 0.07, respectively). The Cox regression analysis showed that only decreased PMTC was associated with LA dilatation (HR 2.89 [CI 95%1.54, 5.45] p < 0.01) and RV dilatation (HR 3.01 [CI 95%1.40, 6.21] p < 0.01). CONCLUSION PD can be associated with unfavorable dynamic changes in cardiac structure and functions even at the subclinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ası Oktan
- Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Berfu Korucu
- Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Çolak
- Department of Cardiology, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yelda Deligöz Bildacı
- Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Caner Çavdar
- Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Serpil Müge Değer
- Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Izmir, Turkey
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Wang F, Dai H, Zhou Z, Shan Y, Yu M, Sun J, Sheng L, Huang L, Meng X, You Y, Sheng M. Astragalus polysaccharides augment BMSC homing via SDF-1/CXCR4 modulation: a novel approach to counteract peritoneal mesenchymal transformation and fibrosis. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:204. [PMID: 38789949 PMCID: PMC11127382 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04483-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the potential of astragalus polysaccharide (APS) pretreatment in enhancing the homing and anti-peritoneal fibrosis capabilities of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into four groups: control, peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF), PDF + BMSCs, and PDF + APSBMSCs (APS-pre-treated BMSCs). A peritoneal fibrosis model was induced using PDF. Dil-labeled BMSCs were administered intravenously. Post-transplantation, BMSC homing to the peritoneum and pathological alterations were assessed. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) levels were quantified via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while CXCR4 expression in BMSCs was determined using PCR and immunofluorescence. Additionally, a co-culture system involving BMSCs and peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) was established using a Transwell setup to examine the in vitro effects of APS on BMSC migration and therapeutic efficacy, with the CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 deployed to dissect the role of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis and its downstream impacts. RESULTS In vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that APS pre-treatment notably facilitated the targeted homing of BMSCs to the peritoneal tissue of PDF-treated rats, thereby amplifying their therapeutic impact. PDF exposure markedly increased SDF-1 levels in peritoneal and serum samples, which encouraged the migration of CXCR4-positive BMSCs. Inhibition of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis through AMD3100 application diminished BMSC migration, consequently attenuating their therapeutic response to peritoneal mesenchyme-to-mesothelial transition (MMT). Furthermore, APS upregulated CXCR4 expression in BMSCs, intensified the activation of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis's downstream pathways, and partially reversed the AMD3100-induced effects. CONCLUSION APS augments the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis's downstream pathway activation by increasing CXCR4 expression in BMSCs. This action bolsters the targeted homing of BMSCs to the peritoneal tissue and amplifies their suppressive influence on MMT, thereby improving peritoneal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funing Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, China
- Medical Experimental Research Center, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huibo Dai
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, China
- Medical Experimental Research Center, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziren Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, China
- Medical Experimental Research Center, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Shan
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, China
| | - Manshu Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, China
| | - Jinyi Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, China
- Medical Experimental Research Center, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Sheng
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, China
- Medical Experimental Research Center, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Liyan Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, China
- Medical Experimental Research Center, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohui Meng
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, China
- Medical Experimental Research Center, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongqing You
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, China
- Medical Experimental Research Center, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Meixiao Sheng
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, China.
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Su H, Zou R, Su J, Chen X, Yang H, An N, Yang C, Tang J, Liu H, Yao C. Sterile inflammation of peritoneal membrane caused by peritoneal dialysis: focus on the communication between immune cells and peritoneal stroma. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1387292. [PMID: 38779674 PMCID: PMC11109381 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1387292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis is a widely used method for treating kidney failure. However, over time, the peritoneal structure and function can deteriorate, leading to the failure of this therapy. This deterioration is primarily caused by infectious and sterile inflammation. Sterile inflammation, which is inflammation without infection, is particularly concerning as it can be subtle and often goes unnoticed. The onset of sterile inflammation involves various pathological processes. Peritoneal cells detect signals that promote inflammation and release substances that attract immune cells from the bloodstream. These immune cells contribute to the initiation and escalation of the inflammatory response. The existing literature extensively covers the involvement of different cell types in the sterile inflammation, including mesothelial cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and adipocytes, as well as immune cells such as macrophages, lymphocytes, and mast cells. These cells work together to promote the occurrence and progression of sterile inflammation, although the exact mechanisms are not fully understood. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the signals from both stromal cells and components of immune system, as well as the reciprocal interactions between cellular components, during the initiation of sterile inflammation. By understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying sterile inflammation, we may potentially develop therapeutic interventions to counteract peritoneal membrane damage and restore normal function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Huafeng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Cuiwei Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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Hu J, Teng J, Hui S, Liang L. SGLT-2 inhibitors as novel treatments of multiple organ fibrosis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29486. [PMID: 38644817 PMCID: PMC11031788 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, a significant health issue linked to chronic inflammatory diseases, affects various organs and can lead to serious damage and loss of function. Despite the availability of some treatments, their limitations necessitate the development of new therapeutic options. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), known for their glucose-lowering ability, have shown promise in offering protective effects against fibrosis in multiple organs through glucose-independent mechanisms. This review explores the anti-fibrotic potential of SGLT2i across different tissues, providing insights into their underlying mechanisms and highlighting recent research advancements. The evidence positions SGLT2i as a potential future treatments for fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, China
| | - Jianhui Teng
- Department of Geriatrics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, China
| | - Shan Hui
- Department of Geriatrics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, China
| | - Lihui Liang
- Department of Geriatrics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, China
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10
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Yin Y, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Shang Y, Li Q, Yuan J. MiR-132-3p suppresses peritoneal fibrosis induced by peritoneal dialysis via targeting TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301540. [PMID: 38603722 PMCID: PMC11008817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is the main complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) and the most common cause of cessation from PD. There is still no effective therapeutic approach to reserve PF. We aimed to investigate the role of miR-132-3p and underlying potential mechanisms in PF. METHODS A total of 18 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided randomly into three groups (n = 6): (i)Control group (ii)PF group (iii)PF+Losartan group; Rats in the PF group and PF+Losartan group received daily intraperitoneal injections of 3 mg/kg chlorhexidine for 14 days, and rats in the PF+Losartan group simultaneously received daily intraperitoneal injections of 2 mg/kg losartan for 14 days. The control group was injected with saline in the same volume. Met-5A cells were treated for 24h with TGF-β1 dissolved in recombinant buffered saline at a concentration of 10 ng/ml, meanwhile, PBS solution as a negative control. The human peritoneal solution was collected for the detection of miR-132-3p. RESULTS In vivo, SD rats were infused with chlorhexidine to establish PF model, and we found that miR-132-3p significantly decreased and the expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and Smad2/3 were up-regulated in PF. In vitro, miR-132-3p mimics suppressed TGF-β1/Smad2/3 activity, whereas miR-132-3p inhibition activated the pathway. In human peritoneal solution, we found that the expression of miR-132-3p decreased in a time-dependent model and its effect became more pronounced with longer PD duration. CONCLUSION MiR-132-3p ameliorated PF by suppressing TGF-β1/Smad2/3 activity, suggesting that miR-132-3p represented a potential therapeutic approach for PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Yin
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yu Shang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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11
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Szebeni B, Veres-Székely A, Pap D, Bokrossy P, Varga Z, Gaál A, Mihály J, Pállinger É, Takács IM, Pajtók C, Bernáth M, Reusz GS, Szabó AJ, Vannay Á. Extracellular Vesicles of Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis Inhibit the TGF-β- and PDGF-B-Mediated Fibrotic Processes. Cells 2024; 13:605. [PMID: 38607044 PMCID: PMC11011990 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Among patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD), 50-80% will develop peritoneal fibrosis, and 0.5-4.4% will develop life-threatening encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS). Here, we investigated the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) on the TGF-β- and PDGF-B-driven processes of peritoneal fibrosis. EVs were isolated from the peritoneal dialysis effluent (PDE) of children receiving continuous ambulatory PD. The impact of PDE-EVs on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and collagen production of the peritoneal mesothelial cells and fibroblasts were investigated in vitro and in vivo in the chlorhexidine digluconate (CG)-induced mice model of peritoneal fibrosis. PDE-EVs showed spherical morphology in the 100 nm size range, and their spectral features, CD63, and annexin positivity were characteristic of EVs. PDE-EVs penetrated into the peritoneal mesothelial cells and fibroblasts and reduced their PDE- or PDGF-B-induced proliferation. Furthermore, PDE-EVs inhibited the PDE- or TGF-β-induced EMT and collagen production of the investigated cell types. PDE-EVs contributed to the mesothelial layer integrity and decreased the submesothelial thickening of CG-treated mice. We demonstrated that PDE-EVs significantly inhibit the PDGF-B- or TGF-β-induced fibrotic processes in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that EVs may contribute to new therapeutic strategies to treat peritoneal fibrosis and other fibroproliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Szebeni
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN–SU Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, 1052 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Apor Veres-Székely
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN–SU Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, 1052 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Domonkos Pap
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN–SU Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, 1052 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Bokrossy
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Varga
- TTK Biological Nanochemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anikó Gaál
- TTK Biological Nanochemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judith Mihály
- TTK Biological Nanochemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Pállinger
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István M. Takács
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csenge Pajtók
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mária Bernáth
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - György S. Reusz
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila J. Szabó
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN–SU Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, 1052 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Vannay
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN–SU Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, 1052 Budapest, Hungary
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12
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Ozaki T, Fu HY, Onishi K, Yokoyama S, Fujita T, Tobiume A, Sofue T, Akimitsu K, Minamino T. Partial replacement of d-glucose with d-allose ameliorates peritoneal injury and hyperglycaemia induced by peritoneal dialysis fluid in rats. Perit Dial Int 2024; 44:125-132. [PMID: 37525525 DOI: 10.1177/08968608231184354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a crucial dialysis method for treating end-stage kidney disease. However, its use is restricted due to high glucose-induced peritoneal injury and hyperglycaemia, particularly in patients with diabetes mellitus. In this study, we investigated whether partially replacing d-glucose with the rare sugar d-allose could ameliorate peritoneal injury and hyperglycaemia induced by peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF). METHODS Rat peritoneal mesothelial cells (RPMCs) were exposed to a medium containing d-glucose or d-glucose partially replaced with different concentrations of d-allose. Cell viability, oxidative stress and cytokine production were evaluated. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were administrated saline, a PDF containing 4% d-glucose (PDF-G4.0%) or a PDF containing 3.6% d-glucose and 0.4% d-allose (PDF-G3.6%/A0.4%) once a day for 4 weeks. Peritoneal injury and PD efficiency were assessed using immuno-histological staining and peritoneal equilibration test, respectively. Blood glucose levels were measured over 120 min following a single injection of saline or PDFs to 24-h fasted SD rats. RESULTS In RPMCs, the partial replacement of d-glucose with d-allose increased cell viability and decreased oxidative stress and cytokine production compared to d-glucose alone. Despite the PDF-G3.6%/A0.4% having a lower d-glucose concentration compared to PDF-G4.0%, there were no significant changes in osmolality. When administered to SD rats, the PDF-G3.6%/A0.4% suppressed the elevation of peritoneal thickness and blood d-glucose levels induced by PDF-G4.0%, without impacting PD efficiency. CONCLUSIONS Partial replacement of d-glucose with d-allose ameliorated peritoneal injury and hyperglycaemia induced by high concentration of d-glucose in PDF, indicating that d-allose could be a potential treatment option in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Ozaki
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Sakaide City Hospital, Kagawa, Japan
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Hai Ying Fu
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Japan
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Keisuke Onishi
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Japan
| | - Shota Yokoyama
- Department of Cardiology, Mizushima Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takuro Fujita
- Department of Nephrology, Kaifu Hospital, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tobiume
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Japan
| | - Tadashi Sofue
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Japan
| | - Kazuya Akimitsu
- International Institute of Rare Sugar Research and Education & Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Minamino
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Japan
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13
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Trionfetti F, Montaldo C, Caiello I, Bontempi G, Terri M, Tiberi M, Marchant V, Domenici A, Menè P, Cordani M, Zwergel C, Prencipe G, Ruiz-Ortega M, Valente S, Mai A, Tripodi M, Strippoli R. Mechanisms of mesothelial cell response to viral infections: HDAC1-3 inhibition blocks poly(I:C)-induced type I interferon response and modulates the mesenchymal/inflammatory phenotype. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1308362. [PMID: 38476167 PMCID: PMC10927979 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1308362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious peritonitis is a leading cause of peritoneal functional impairment and a primary factor for therapy discontinuation in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Although bacterial infections are a common cause of peritonitis episodes, emerging evidence suggests a role for viral pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) specifically recognize conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from bacteria, viruses, and fungi, thereby orchestrating the ensuing inflammatory/immune responses. Among TLRs, TLR3 recognizes viral dsRNA and triggers antiviral response cascades upon activation. Epigenetic regulation, mediated by histone deacetylase (HDAC), has been demonstrated to control several cellular functions in response to various extracellular stimuli. Employing epigenetic target modulators, such as epidrugs, is a current therapeutic option in several cancers and holds promise in treating viral diseases. This study aims to elucidate the impact of TLR3 stimulation on the plasticity of human mesothelial cells (MCs) in PD patients and to investigate the effects of HDAC1-3 inhibition. Treatment of MCs from PD patients with the TLR3 agonist polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)), led to the acquisition of a bona fide mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT) characterized by the upregulation of mesenchymal genes and loss of epithelial-like features. Moreover, Poly(I:C) modulated the expression of several inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. A quantitative proteomic analysis of MCs treated with MS-275, an HDAC1-3 inhibitor, unveiled altered expression of several proteins, including inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Treatment with MS-275 facilitated MMT reversal and inhibited the interferon signature, which was associated with reduced STAT1 phosphorylation. However, the modulation of inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production was not univocal, as IL-6 and CXCL8 were augmented while TNF-α and CXCL10 were decreased. Collectively, our findings underline the significance of viral infections in acquiring a mesenchymal-like phenotype by MCs and the potential consequences of virus-associated peritonitis episodes for PD patients. The observed promotion of MMT reversal and interferon response inhibition by an HDAC1-3 inhibitor, albeit without a general impact on inflammatory cytokine production, has translational implications deserving further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Trionfetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Montaldo
- Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivan Caiello
- Division of Rheumatology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Bontempi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Terri
- Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Tiberi
- Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vanessa Marchant
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- 15 REDINREN/RICORS2040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessandro Domenici
- Renal Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Menè
- Renal Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cordani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Clemens Zwergel
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giusi Prencipe
- Division of Rheumatology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- 15 REDINREN/RICORS2040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tripodi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Strippoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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14
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Sheng L, Shan Y, Dai H, Yu M, Sun J, Huang L, Wang F, Sheng M. Intercellular communication in peritoneal dialysis. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1331976. [PMID: 38390449 PMCID: PMC10882094 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1331976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) causes structural and functional alterations of the peritoneal membrane. Peritoneal deterioration and fibrosis are multicellular and multimolecular processes. Under stimulation by deleterious factors such as non-biocompatibility of PD solution, various cells in the abdominal cavity show differing characteristics, such as the secretion of different cytokines, varying protein expression levels, and transdifferentiation into other cells. In this review, we discuss the role of various cells in the abdominal cavity and their interactions in the pathogenesis of PD. An in-depth understanding of intercellular communication and inter-organ communication in PD will lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease, enabling the development of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sheng
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- First Clinic Medical School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Shan
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huibo Dai
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- First Clinic Medical School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Manshu Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinyi Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- First Clinic Medical School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Liyan Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- First Clinic Medical School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Funing Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- First Clinic Medical School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Meixiao Sheng
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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15
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Moriyama M, Nakamura K, Nagata H, Wada I, Nagira K, Azuma Y, Sato E, Harada T, Taniguchi F. Role of tenascin C in lesion formation in early peritoneal endometriosis. F&S SCIENCE 2024; 5:69-79. [PMID: 38092313 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify cytokines or extracellular matrix components that contribute to adhesion to, and invasion of, the peritoneum, proximal to lesions in the early phase of endometriosis. DESIGN Laboratory-based study. SETTING University Hospital and Laboratory of Animal Science. PATIENTS AND ANIMALS Five women with ovarian endometrioma, 138 wild-type (WT) C57BL/6N mice, and 48 Tenascin C (Tnc) knockout (TncKO) mice. INTERVENTIONS To establish a murine endometriosis model, 20 pieces of minced uterine tissue fragments from each horn were administered intraperitoneally to syngeneic mice. Three days later, endometriotic lesions and peritoneal tissues were collected. Separately, we transfected human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HMrSV5) or human endometrial stromal cells (hESCs) with Tnc small interfering ribonucleic acid. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We employed a polymerase chain reaction array to profile gene expression in the murine peritoneum, in both peritoneum distal to lesions and peritoneum surrounding lesions (PSL). The expression of upregulated genes in the PSL was verified in the peritoneal samples by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. TncKO mice were used to investigate the role of Tnc in the development of endometriosis. We evaluated the proliferative activity or inflammatory state of lesions by Ki67 or CD3 immunostaining. Intraperitoneal distribution of macrophages was assessed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Using Tnc small interfering ribonucleic acid, we examined the invasive capacity of hESCs in a coculture system with HMrSV5. RESULTS Tnc gene expression was significantly higher in PSL than in peritoneum distal to lesions. The weight and number of TncKO lesions in TncKO hosts were lower than those of WT lesions in WT hosts. In contrast, the weight and number of nonattached TncKO lesions in TncKO hosts were higher than those of nonattached WT lesions in WT hosts. We observed decreased Ki67-positive cells or H-scores for CD3, a lower proportion of M1 macrophages, and a higher proportion of M2 macrophages in TncKO lesions in TncKO recipients. Silencing of Tnc expression in hESCs and HMrSV5 diminished the invasivity of hESCs. CONCLUSION Tnc may be a crucial factor in the development of early peritoneal endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maako Moriyama
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Kazuomi Nakamura
- Advanced Medicine, Innovation and Clinical Research Center, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagata
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Ikumi Wada
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Kei Nagira
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Azuma
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Eri Sato
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Tasuku Harada
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Fuminori Taniguchi
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan.
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16
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Ruan H, Li X, Zhou L, Zheng Z, Hua R, Wang X, Wang Y, Fan Y, Guo S, Wang L, Ur Rahman S, Wang Z, Wei Y, Yu S, Zhang R, Cheng Q, Sheng J, Li X, Liu X, Yuan R, Zhang X, Chen L, Xu G, Guan Y, Nie J, Qin H, Zheng F. Melatonin decreases GSDME mediated mesothelial cell pyroptosis and prevents peritoneal fibrosis and ultrafiltration failure. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:360-378. [PMID: 37815699 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis together with increased capillaries is the primary cause of peritoneal dialysis failure. Mesothelial cell loss is an initiating event for peritoneal fibrosis. We find that the elevated glucose concentrations in peritoneal dialysate drive mesothelial cell pyroptosis in a manner dependent on caspase-3 and Gasdermin E, driving downstream inflammatory responses, including the activation of macrophages. Moreover, pyroptosis is associated with elevated vascular endothelial growth factor A and C, two key factors in vascular angiogenesis and lymphatic vessel formation. GSDME deficiency mice are protected from high glucose induced peritoneal fibrosis and ultrafiltration failure. Application of melatonin abrogates mesothelial cell pyroptosis through a MT1R-mediated action, and successfully reduces peritoneal fibrosis and angiogenesis in an animal model while preserving dialysis efficacy. Mechanistically, melatonin treatment maintains mitochondrial integrity in mesothelial cells, meanwhile activating mTOR signaling through an increase in the glycolysis product dihydroxyacetone phosphate. These effects together with quenching free radicals by melatonin help mesothelial cells maintain a relatively stable internal environment in the face of high-glucose stress. Thus, Melatonin treatment holds some promise in preserving mesothelium integrity and in decreasing angiogenesis to protect peritoneum function in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Ruan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xuejuan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China.
- Wuhu Hospital and Health Science Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Lina Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zihan Zheng
- Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, 401320, China
| | - Rulin Hua
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518101, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yujie Fan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Shuwen Guo
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shafiq Ur Rahman
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yuyuan Wei
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Shuangyan Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Rongzhi Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jie Sheng
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ruqiang Yuan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Wuhu Hospital and Health Science Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Lihong Chen
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
- Wuhu Hospital and Health Science Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Youfei Guan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
- Wuhu Hospital and Health Science Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Hongqiang Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Feng Zheng
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China.
- Wuhu Hospital and Health Science Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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17
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Faria B, Gaya da Costa M, Meter-Arkema AH, Berger SP, Lima C, Pêgo C, van den Born J, Franssen CF, Daha MR, Pestana M, Seelen MA, Poppelaars F. Systemic and local complement activation in peritoneal dialysis patients via conceivably distinct pathways. Perit Dial Int 2024; 44:37-47. [PMID: 37794761 DOI: 10.1177/08968608231198984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite several advantages compared to haemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD) remains an underused dialysis technique due to its high technique failure rate related to membrane fibrosis and peritonitis events. Previous work has suggested a harmful role for the complement system in these processes, highlighting the need for a more comprehensive examination in PD. METHODS Plasma levels of C1q, mannose-binding lectin (MBL), Properdin, Factor D, C3d/C3-ratio and soluble membrane attack complex (sC5b-9) were determined in PD patients (n = 55), HD patients (n = 41), non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients (n = 15) and healthy controls (n = 14). Additionally, C1q, MBL, Properdin, Factor D and sC5b-9 levels were assessed in the peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF). In a subgroup, interleukin-6, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and elastase were measured in the PDF. RESULTS PD patients had significantly higher systemic levels of sC5b-9 compared to healthy controls, CKD and HD patients (p < 0.001). Plasma levels of C1q and C3d/C3-ratios were significantly associated with systemic sC5b-9 levels (p < 0.001). Locally, sC5b-9 was detected in the PDF of all PD patients, and levels were approximately 33% of those in matched plasma, but they did not correlate. In the PDF, only Properdin levels remained significantly associated with PDF sC5b-9 levels in multivariate analysis (p < 0.001). Additionally, PDF levels of sC5b-9 positively correlated with elastase, MPO and MMP-2 levels in the PDF (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal both systemic and local complement activation in PD patients. Furthermore, these two processes seem independent considering the involvement of different pathways and the lack of correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Faria
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
- Nephrology and Infectious Disease R&D Group, INEB, Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Portugal
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Gaya da Costa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anita H Meter-Arkema
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan P Berger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carla Lima
- Division of Nephrology, Hospital São Teotônio, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Catia Pêgo
- Division of Nephrology, Hospital São Teotônio, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Jacob van den Born
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Casper Fm Franssen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mohamed R Daha
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, University of Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manuel Pestana
- Nephrology and Infectious Disease R&D Group, INEB, Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Portugal
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Marc A Seelen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Felix Poppelaars
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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Fetsych M, Igumentseva N, Ferneza S, Yarema R, Volodko N. CYTOKINE-MODULATING INFLUENCE OF HIPEC ON THE INTRAPERITONEAL HOMEOSTASIS FORMATION IN PATIENTS WITH OVARIAN CANCER. PROCEEDING OF THE SHEVCHENKO SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 72. [DOI: 10.25040/ntsh2023.02.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/14/2024]
Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) has the greatest mortality rate among oncogynecological diseases. Most cases are diagnosed at the peritoneal dissemination stage, resulting in radical treatment. Most cases (75%) are diagnosed in III-IV stages at the stage of peritoneal dissemination, making the radical treatment impossible. Intraoperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemoperfusion (HIPEC), which has ceased to be an experimental technique over the past decade, is increasingly used among the methods of combating peritoneal carcinomatosis and demonstrates an increase in recurrence-free and overall survival in advanced stages of OC. Nevertheless, certain pathophysiological aspects of the effect of HIPEC on intra-abdominal homeostasis, and therefore on the further course of the disease, have not been elucidated. However, understanding this effect may be the key to the successful application of HIPEC and predicting its efficacy in each case of OC.
Objectives: To access changes in intraperitoneal homeostasis in patients with advanced OC after HIPEC procedure (as a stage of cytoreductive surgery); in particular, to evaluate changes of TNF and TGF-β expression under the influence of HIPEC and systemic chemotherapy in the OC microenvironment.
Materials and methods: The study included 33 OC patients treated at Lviv Regional Cancer Centre in 2016–2020. Twelve of them received HIPEC. The primary tumor cultures and primary cultures of peritoneal mesothelium and macrophages were obtained for all patients. The cytokines TNF and TGF-β activity were determined in their conditional media.
Results: The decrease of TNF and TGF-β concentrations in the drainage exudate after HIPEC was revealed compared with the same parameters in the ascitic fluid before the operation. One-hour hyperthermia of the primary culture of peritoneal ascites-associated macrophages of recurrent OC patients decreased the TNF level in conditional media. A decline was found in 10 out of 12 cases.
Conclusions: HIPEC has a cytokine-modulating effect on the intra-abdominal homeostasis of patients with OC, suppressing TNF expression by peritoneal macrophages. Reduced activity of TNF in supernatants of OC primary tumor cultures was associated with higher sensitivity to chemotherapy.
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Trionfetti F, Alonzi T, Bontempi G, Terri M, Battistelli C, Montaldo C, Repele F, Rotili D, Valente S, Zwergel C, Matusali G, Maggi F, Goletti D, Tripodi M, Mai A, Strippoli R. HDAC1-3 inhibition increases SARS-CoV-2 replication and productive infection in lung mesothelial and epithelial cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1257683. [PMID: 38162580 PMCID: PMC10757821 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1257683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the significant progress achieved in understanding the pathology and clinical management of SARS-CoV-2 infection, still pathogenic and clinical issues need to be clarified. Treatment with modulators of epigenetic targets, i.e., epidrugs, is a current therapeutic option in several cancers and could represent an approach in the therapy of viral diseases. Results Aim of this study was the analysis of the role of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition in the modulation of SARS-CoV-2 infection of mesothelial cells (MCs).MeT5A cells, a pleura MC line, were pre-treated with different specific class I and IIb HDAC inhibitors. Unexpectedly, treatment with HDAC1-3 inhibitors significantly increased ACE2/TMPRSS2 expression, suggesting a role in favoring SARS-CoV-2 infection. We focused our analysis on the most potent ACE2/TMPRSS2 inducer among the inhibitors analysed, MS-275, a HDAC1-3 inhibitor. ACE2/TMPRSS2 expression was validated by Western Blot (WB) and immunofluorescence. The involvement of HDAC inhibition in receptor induction was confirmed by HDAC1/HDAC2 silencing. In accordance to the ACE2/TMPRSS2 expression data, MS-275 increased SARS-CoV-2 replication and virus propagation in Vero E6 cells.Notably, MS-275 was able to increase ACE2/TMPRSS2 expression and SARS-CoV-2 production, although to a lesser extent, also in the lung adenocarcinoma cell line Calu-3 cells.Mechanistically, treatment with MS-275 increased H3 and H4 histone acetylation at ACE2/TMPRSS2 promoters, increasing their transcription. Conclusion This study highlights a previously unrecognized effect of HDAC1-3 inhibition in increasing SARS-CoV-2 cell entry, replication and productive infection correlating with increased expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. These data, while adding basic insight into COVID-19 pathogenesis, warn for the use of HDAC inhibitors in SARS-CoV-2 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Trionfetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Tonino Alonzi
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani”-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Bontempi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Terri
- Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Montaldo
- Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Repele
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani”-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Clemens Zwergel
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Matusali
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani”-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tripodi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Pasteur Institute, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Strippoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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20
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Ishimura T, Ishii A, Yamada H, Osaki K, Toda N, Mori KP, Ohno S, Kato Y, Handa T, Sugioka S, Ikushima A, Nishio H, Yanagita M, Yokoi H. Matrix metalloproteinase-10 deficiency has protective effects against peritoneal inflammation and fibrosis via transcription factor NFκΒ pathway inhibition. Kidney Int 2023; 104:929-942. [PMID: 37652204 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
One of the most common causes of discontinued peritoneal dialysis is impaired peritoneal function. However, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Previously, by microarray analysis of mouse peritoneum, we showed that MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)-10 expression is significantly increased in mice with peritoneal fibrosis, but its function remains unknown. Chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) was intraperitoneally injected to wild-type and MMP-10 knockout mice to induce fibrosis to elucidate the role of MMP-10 on peritoneal injury. We also examined function of peritoneal macrophages and mesothelial cells obtained from wild-type and MMP-10 knockout mice, MMP-10-overexpressing macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells and MeT-5A mesothelial cells, investigated MMP-10 expression on peritoneal biopsy specimens, and the association between serum proMMP-10 and peritoneal solute transfer rates determined by peritoneal equilibration test on patients. MMP-10 was expressed in cells positive for WT1, a mesothelial marker, and for MAC-2, a macrophage marker, in the thickened peritoneum of both mice and patients. Serum proMMP-10 levels were well correlated with peritoneal solute transfer rates. Peritoneal fibrosis, inflammation, and high peritoneal solute transfer rates induced by CG were all ameliorated by MMP-10 deletion, with reduction of CD31-positive vessels and VEGF-A-positive cells. Expression of inflammatory mediators and phosphorylation of NFκΒ subunit p65 at S536 were suppressed in both MMP-10 knockout macrophages and mesothelial cells in response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Overexpression of MMP-10 in RAW 264.7 and MeT-5A cells upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines with phosphorylation of NFκΒ subunit p65. Thus, our results suggest that inflammatory responses induced by MMP-10 are mediated through the NFκΒ pathway, and that systemic deletion of MMP-10 ameliorates peritoneal inflammation and fibrosis caused by NFκΒ activation of peritoneal macrophages and mesothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Ishimura
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Ishii
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Nephrology, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamada
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keisuke Osaki
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Nephrology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Naohiro Toda
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Nephrology, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keita P Mori
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical Research Institute KITANO HOSPITAL, PIIF Tazuke-Kofukai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shoko Ohno
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Nephrology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kato
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takaya Handa
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical Research Institute KITANO HOSPITAL, PIIF Tazuke-Kofukai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sayaka Sugioka
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akie Ikushima
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Haruomi Nishio
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Yokoi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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21
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Liang J, Cheng L, Feng J, Han Z, Huang C, Xie F, Li Y, Luo X, Wang Q, He J, Chen H. Molecular mechanism of Danshenol C in reversing peritoneal fibrosis: novel network pharmacological analysis and biological validation. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:361. [PMID: 37833759 PMCID: PMC10571429 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04170-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study is to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the reversal of peritoneal fibrosis (PF) by Danshenol C, a natural compound derived from the traditional Chinese medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza. By comprehensively investigating the intricate interactions and signaling pathways involved in Danshenol C's therapeutic effects on PF, we aim to unveil novel insights into its pharmacological actions. This investigation holds the potential to revolutionize the clinical application of Salvia miltiorrhiza in traditional Chinese medicine, offering promising new avenues for the treatment of PF and paving the way for evidence-based therapeutic interventions. METHODS Firstly, we utilized the YaTCM database to retrieve the structural formula of Danshenol C, while the SwissTargetPrediction platform facilitated the prediction of its potential drug targets. To gain insights into the genetic basis of PF, we acquired the GSE92453 dataset and GPL6480-9577 expression profile from the GEO database, followed by obtaining disease-related genes of PF from major disease databases. R software was then employed to screen for DEG associated with PF. To explore the intricate interactions between Danshenol C's active component targets, we utilized the String database and Cytoscape3.7.2 software to construct a PPI network. Further analysis in Cytoscape3.7.2 enabled the identification of core modules within the PPI network, elucidating key targets and molecular pathways critical to Danshenol C's therapeutic actions. Subsequently, we employed R to perform GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses, providing valuable insights into the functional implications and potential biological mechanisms of Danshenol C in the context of PF. To investigate the binding interactions between the core active components and key targets, we conducted docking studies using Chem3D, autoDock1.5.6, SYBYL2.0, and PYMOL2.4 software. We applied in vivo and in vitro experiments to prove that Danshenol C can improve PF. In order to verify the potential gene and molecular mechanism of Danshenol C to reverse PF, we used quantitative PCR, western blot, and apoptosis, ensuring robust and reliable verification of the results. RESULTS ① Wogonin, sitosterol, and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 5 (STAT5) emerged as the most significant constituents among the small-molecule active compounds and gene targets investigated. ②38 targets intersected with the disease, among which MAPK14, CASP3, MAPK8 and STAT3 may be the key targets; The results of GO and KEGG analysis showed that there was a correlation between inflammatory pathway and Apoptosis. ④Real-time PCR showed that the mRNA expressions of MAPK8 (JNK1), MAPK14 (P38) and STAT3 were significantly decreased after Danshenol C treatment (P < 0.05), while the mRNA expression of CASP3 was significantly increased (P < 0.05)⑤Western blot showed that protein expressions of CASP3 and MAPK14 were significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the expression of STAT3 and MAPK8 was decreased after Danshenol C treatment (P < 0.05). ⑥There was no significant difference in flow analysis of apoptosis among groups. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that Danshenol C may modulate crucial molecular pathways, including the MAPK, Apoptosis, Calcium signaling, JAK-STAT signaling, and TNF signaling pathways. This regulation is mediated through the modulation of core targets such as STAT3, MAPK14, MAPK8, CASP3, and others. By targeting these key molecular players, Danshenol C exhibits the potential to regulate cellular responses to chemical stress and inflammatory stimuli. The identification of these molecular targets and pathways represents a significant step forward in understanding the molecular basis of Danshenol C's therapeutic effects in PF. This preliminary exploration provides novel avenues for the development of anti-PF treatment strategies and the discovery of potential therapeutic agents. By targeting specific core targets and pathways, Danshenol C opens up new possibilities for the development of more effective and targeted drugs to combat PF. These findings have the potential to transform the landscape of PF treatment and offer valuable insights for future research and drug development endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Liang
- Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lulu Cheng
- Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Radiology Department of Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeping Han
- Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Medical Imaging Institute of Panyu, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangmei Xie
- Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Guangzhou Municipality Tianhe Nuoya Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xun Luo
- Kerry Rehabilitation Medicine Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingmei Wang
- Stroke Biological Recovery Laboratory, Teaching Affiliate of Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jinhua He
- Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hanwei Chen
- Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- Medical Imaging Institute of Panyu, Guangzhou, China.
- Panyu Health Management Center (Panyu Rehabilitation Hospital), Guangzhou, China.
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22
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Huang W, Xia D, Bi W, Lai X, Yu B, Chen W. Advances in stem cell therapy for peritoneal fibrosis: from mechanisms to therapeutics. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:293. [PMID: 37817212 PMCID: PMC10566108 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03520-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is a pathophysiological condition caused by a variety of pathogenic factors. The most important features of PF are mesothelial-mesenchymal transition and accumulation of activated (myo-)fibroblasts, which hinder effective treatment; thus, it is critical to identify other practical approaches. Recently, stem cell (SC) therapy has been indicated to be a potential strategy for this disease. Increasing evidence suggests that many kinds of SCs alleviate PF mainly by differentiating into mesothelial cells; secreting cytokines and extracellular vesicles; or modulating immune cells, particularly macrophages. However, there are relatively few articles summarizing research in this direction. In this review, we summarize the risk factors for PF and discuss the therapeutic roles of SCs from different sources. In addition, we outline effective approaches and potential mechanisms of SC therapy for PF. We hope that our review of articles in this area will provide further inspiration for research on the use of SCs in PF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Demeng Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wendi Bi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueli Lai
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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23
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Soltani F, Kaartinen MT. Transglutaminases in fibrosis-overview and recent advances. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C885-C894. [PMID: 37642242 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00322.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Transglutaminases (TGs) are a family of protein cross-linking enzymes that are capable of stiffening and insolubilizing proteins and creating protein networks, and thereby altering biological functions of proteins. Their role in fibrosis progression has been widely investigated with a focus on kidney, lung, liver, and heart where activity is triggered by various stimuli including hypoxia, inflammation, and hyperglycemia. TG2 has been considered one of the key enzymes in the pathogenesis of fibrosis mainly through transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling and matrix cross-linking mechanisms. Although TG2 has been most widely studied in this context, the involvement of other TGs, TG1 and Factor XIII-A (FXIII-A), is beginning to emerge. This mini-review highlights the major steps taken in the TG and fibrosis research and summarizes the most recent advances and contributions of TG2, TG1, and FXIII-A to the progression of fibrosis in various animal models. Also, their mechanisms of action as well as therapeutic prospects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Soltani
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mari T Kaartinen
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences (Biomedical Sciences), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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24
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Bai Y, Wang L, TingYang, Wang L, Ge W. Silymarin ameliorates peritoneal fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:2379-2391. [PMID: 37052642 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02450-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is the mainstay of treatment for renal failure replacement therapy. Although PD has greatly improved the quality of life of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, long-term PD can lead to ultrafiltration failure, which in turn causes peritoneal fibrosis (PF). Silymarin (SM) is a polyphenolic flavonoid isolated from the milk thistle (Silybum marianum) species that has a variety of pharmacological actions, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anti-fibrotic pharmacological activities. However, the effect of SM on PF and its potential mechanisms have not been clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the preventive effect of SM on PF in vitro and in vivo as well as elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We established PF mouse models and human pleural mesothelial cell fibrosis in vitro by intraperitoneal injection of high-glucose peritoneal dialysis solution (PDS) or transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and evaluated the effect of SM on peritoneal fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. We found that SM alleviated peritoneal dysfunction. Meanwhile, SM inhibited the expression of fibrotic markers (TGF-β1, collagen I, fibronectin) and restored the expression of E-cadherin, BMP-7 in PF mice and TGF-β1-treated Met-5A cells. Furthermore, SM markedly down-regulated the expression of TGF-β1, p-Smad2, and p-Smad3 and up-regulated the expression of smad7. In conclusion, these findings suggested that SM may be an efficient and novel therapy for the prevention of PF through inhibition of TGF-β/Smad signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwen Bai
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - TingYang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lingyun Wang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weihong Ge
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China.
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25
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Pap D, Pajtók C, Veres-Székely A, Szebeni B, Szász C, Bokrossy P, Zrufkó R, Vannay Á, Tulassay T, Szabó AJ. High Salt Promotes Inflammatory and Fibrotic Response in Peritoneal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13765. [PMID: 37762068 PMCID: PMC10531298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies draw attention to how excessive salt (NaCl) intake induces fibrotic alterations in the peritoneum through sodium accumulation and osmotic events. The aim of our study was to better understand the underlying mechanisms. The effects of additional NaCl were investigated on human primary mesothelial cells (HPMC), human primary peritoneal fibroblasts (HPF), endothelial cells (HUVEC), immune cells (PBMC), as well as ex vivo on peritoneal tissue samples. Our results showed that a high-salt environment and the consequently increased osmolarity increase the production of inflammatory cytokines, profibrotic growth factors, and components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, including IL1B, IL6, MCP1, TGFB1, PDGFB, CTGF, Renin and Ace both in vitro and ex vivo. We also demonstrated that high salt induces mesenchymal transition by decreasing the expression of epithelial marker CDH1 and increasing the expression of mesenchymal marker ACTA2 and SNAIL1 in HPMCs, HUVECs and peritoneal samples. Furthermore, high salt increased extracellular matrix production in HPFs. We demonstrated that excess Na+ and the consequently increased osmolarity induce a comprehensive profibrotic response in the peritoneal cells, thereby facilitating the development of peritoneal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domonkos Pap
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN–SU Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, 1052 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csenge Pajtók
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Apor Veres-Székely
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN–SU Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, 1052 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Szebeni
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN–SU Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, 1052 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csenge Szász
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Bokrossy
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Réka Zrufkó
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Vannay
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN–SU Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, 1052 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tivadar Tulassay
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN–SU Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, 1052 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila J. Szabó
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN–SU Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, 1052 Budapest, Hungary
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Meng M, Lu M, Feng J, Zhou X, Meng P, Chen L, Zou X, Liu X, Liu L, Gao X, Zhang Y. Exosomal PPARγ derived from macrophages suppresses LPS-induced peritonitis by negative regulation of CD14/TLR4 axis. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:1567-1581. [PMID: 37438583 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intercellular communication between macrophages and peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) has been suggested as a key factor regulating peritonitis development. Here, we explored whether PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) can be packaged into macrophage exosomes to mediate intercellular communication and regulate peritonitis. METHODS Macrophage exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation and identified by nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Proteomic analysis of macrophage-derived exosomes was performed using mass spectrometry. Co-culture models of supernatants or exosomes with PMCs, as well as a mouse peritonitis model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), were employed. RESULTS In this study, using stable Raw264.7 cells overexpressing GFP-FLAG-PPARγ (OE-PPARγ), we found that PPARγ inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory responses in Raw264.7 cells and that PPARγ was incorporated into macrophage exosomes during this process. Overexpression of PPARγ mainly regulated the secretion of differentially expressed exosomal proteins involved in the biological processes of protein transport, lipid metabolic process, cell cycle, apoptotic process, DNA damage stimulus, as well as the KEGG pathway of salmonella infection. Using co-culture models and mouse peritonitis model, we showed that exosomes from Raw264.7 cells overexpressing PPARγ inhibited LPS-induced inflammation in co-cultured human PMCs and in mice through downregulating CD14 and TLR4, two key regulators of the salmonella infection pathway. Pretreatment of the PPARγ inhibitor GW9662 abolished the anti-inflammatory effect of exosomes from Raw264.7 OE-PPARγ cells on human PMCs. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that overexpression of PPARγ largely altered the proteomic profile of macrophage exosomes and that exosomal PPARγ from macrophages acted as a regulator of intercellular communication to suppress LPS-induced inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo via negatively regulating the CD14/TLR4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Meng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Meizhi Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Huadu Hospital, Southern Medical University (People's Hospital of Huadu District), Guangzhou, China
| | - Junxia Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Huadu Hospital, Southern Medical University (People's Hospital of Huadu District), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Huadu Hospital, Southern Medical University (People's Hospital of Huadu District), Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Meng
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Huadu Hospital, Southern Medical University (People's Hospital of Huadu District), Guangzhou, China
| | - Luxuan Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xunliang Zou
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Affiliated (Zhuhai) Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519100, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Langxia Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Xuejuan Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Yunfang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Huadu Hospital, Southern Medical University (People's Hospital of Huadu District), Guangzhou, China.
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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27
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Bordoni B, Girgenti GT, Escher AR. Practice of Peritoneal Adhesions in Osteopathic Medicine: Part 2. Cureus 2023; 15:e43092. [PMID: 37554375 PMCID: PMC10406449 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal adhesions are an unwanted and frequent event following abdominal surgery, with a response rate that can reach 100%. The adhesions can be symptomatic, becoming a source of pain and discomfort for the patient, or asymptomatic, with possible chronic or acute visceral dysfunction. The article reviews what the diagnostic strategies are and discusses what could be the causes that lead to chronic pain in the presence of adhesions. The text reports the knowledge of the literature on the manual treatment of adhesions and illustrates possible symptoms that are not easily recognized by the clinician. To conclude, the article proposes osteopathic manual approaches derived from clinical experience and from what has been explained about the formation of peritoneal adhesions. Research must make further efforts to identify not only the causes triggering the formation of peritoneal neogenesis but also seek the most appropriate non-invasive treatments to help the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bordoni
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Foundation Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, ITA
| | - Gregory T Girgenti
- Anesthesiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, USA
| | - Allan R Escher
- Anesthesiology/Pain Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, USA
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28
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Lu J, Gao J, Sun J, Wang H, Sun H, Huang Q, Zhang Y, Zhong S. Apolipoprotein A-I attenuates peritoneal fibrosis associated with peritoneal dialysis by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1106339. [PMID: 37576813 PMCID: PMC10422021 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1106339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), 90% of which is present in high-density lipoprotein (HDL), is the main constituent of HDL, has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties, and has received extensive attention in anti-atherosclerosis. Yet little is known about apoA-I 's role in peritoneal dialysis. In this study, by analyzing PD patients (n = 81), we found that decreased apoA/HDL-C ratio is significantly associated with rapid decline in peritoneal function. Further studies were performed in animal experiments to determine the ascendancy of apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide (D-4F) on peritoneum, we found that D-4F administration reduced peritoneal fibrosis and peritoneal endothelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT) induced by high glucose peritoneal dialysate, such as N-cadherin, Fibronectin, Vimentin, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression decreased. In mechanism, D-4F can significantly inhibit Smad2/3 phosphorylation, which is the major pathway leading to fibrosis. Furthermore, D-4F treatment inhibited NADPH oxidase and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) expression, increased the activity of certain enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Finally, treatment with D-4F inhibits the expression of interleukins-6(IL-6), Interleukin-1β(IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α). Taken together, based on the above research evidence, apoA-I and its peptide mimic may regulate the oxidative stress, TGF- β1/Smads signaling pathway and inflammatory response to reduce peritoneal fibrosis due to peritoneal dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Haiping Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Huijuan Sun
- Jinzhou First People’s Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuo Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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29
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Suryantoro SD, Thaha M, Sutanto H, Firdausa S. Current Insights into Cellular Determinants of Peritoneal Fibrosis in Peritoneal Dialysis: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4401. [PMID: 37445436 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis is the final process of progressive changes in the peritoneal membrane due to chronic inflammation and infection. It is one of the main causes of discontinuation of peritoneal dialysis (PD), apart from peritonitis and cardiovascular complications. Over time, morphological changes occur in the peritoneal membranes of patients who use PD. Of those are mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT), neoangiogenesis, sub-mesothelial fibrosis, and hyalinizing vasculopathy. Several key molecules are involved in the complex pathophysiology of peritoneal fibrosis, including advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). This narrative review will first discuss the physiology of the peritoneum and PD. Next, the multifaceted pathophysiology of peritoneal fibrosis, including the effects of hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus on the peritoneal membrane, and the promising biomarkers of peritoneal fibrosis will be reviewed. Finally, the current and future management of peritoneal fibrosis will be discussed, including the potential benefits of new-generation glucose-lowering medications to prevent or slow down the progression of peritoneal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satriyo Dwi Suryantoro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
- Universitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Mochammad Thaha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
- Universitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Henry Sutanto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
| | - Sarah Firdausa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
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30
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Nasci VL, Liu P, Marks AM, Williams AC, Kriegel AJ. Transcriptomic analysis identifies novel candidates in cardiorenal pathology mediated by chronic peritoneal dialysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10051. [PMID: 37344499 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36647-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) risk. Studies of PD-related CV pathology in animal models are lacking despite the clinical importance. Here we introduce the phenotypic evaluation of a rat model of cardiorenal syndrome in response to chronic PD, complemented by a rich transcriptomic dataset detailing chronic PD-induced changes in left ventricle (LV) and kidney tissues. This study aims to determine how PD alters CV parameters and risk factors while identifying pathways for potential therapeutic targets. Sprague Dawley rats underwent Sham or 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6Nx) at 10 weeks of age. Six weeks later an abdominal dialysis catheter was placed in all rats before random assignment to Control or PD (3 daily 1-h exchanges) groups for 8 days. Renal and LV pathology and transcriptomic analysis was performed. The PD regimen reduced circulating levels of BUN in 5/6Nx, indicating dialysis efficacy. PD did not alter blood pressure or cardiovascular function in Sham or 5/6Nx rats, though it attenuated cardiac hypertrophy. Importantly PD increased serum triglycerides in 5/6Nx rats. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis revealed that PD induced numerous changed transcripts involved with inflammatory pathways, including neutrophil activation and atherosclerosis signaling. We have adapted a uremic rat model of chronic PD. Chronic PD induced transcriptomic changes related to inflammatory signaling that occur independent of 5/6Nx and augmented circulating triglycerides and predicted atherosclerosis signaling in 5/6Nx LV tissues. The changes are indicative of increased CV risk due to PD and highlight several pathways for potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Nasci
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Pengyuan Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Amanda M Marks
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Adaysha C Williams
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Alison J Kriegel
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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31
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Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis is an important cause of peritoneal dialysis (PD) discontinuation worldwide and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rate. Although the era of metagenomics has provided new insights into the interactions between the gut microbiota and fibrosis in various organs and tissues, its role in peritoneal fibrosis has rarely been discussed. This review provides a scientific rationale and points out the potential role of gut microbiota in peritoneal fibrosis. In addition, the interaction between the gut, circulatory, and peritoneal microbiota is highlighted, with an emphasis on the relationship to PD outcomes. More research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the role of gut microbiota in peritoneal fibrosis and potentially unveil new target options for the management of PD technique failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Stepanova
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, State Institution “Institute of Nephrology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine
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32
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West EE, Kemper C. Complosome - the intracellular complement system. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023:10.1038/s41581-023-00704-1. [PMID: 37055581 PMCID: PMC10100629 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00704-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is a recognized pillar of host defence against infection and noxious self-derived antigens. Complement is traditionally known as a serum-effective system, whereby the liver expresses and secretes most complement components, which participate in the detection of bloodborne pathogens and drive an inflammatory reaction to safely remove the microbial or antigenic threat. However, perturbations in normal complement function can cause severe disease and, for reasons that are currently not fully understood, the kidney is particularly vulnerable to dysregulated complement activity. Novel insights into complement biology have identified cell-autonomous and intracellularly active complement - the complosome - as an unexpected central orchestrator of normal cell physiology. For example, the complosome controls mitochondrial activity, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, cell survival and gene regulation in innate and adaptive immune cells, and in non-immune cells, such as fibroblasts and endothelial and epithelial cells. These unanticipated complosome contributions to basic cell physiological pathways make it a novel and central player in the control of cell homeostasis and effector responses. This discovery, together with the realization that an increasing number of human diseases involve complement perturbations, has renewed interest in the complement system and its therapeutic targeting. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about the complosome across healthy cells and tissues, highlight contributions from dysregulated complosome activities to human disease and discuss potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E West
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claudia Kemper
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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33
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Trionfetti F, Marchant V, González-Mateo GT, Kawka E, Márquez-Expósito L, Ortiz A, López-Cabrera M, Ruiz-Ortega M, Strippoli R. Novel Aspects of the Immune Response Involved in the Peritoneal Damage in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients under Dialysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5763. [PMID: 36982834 PMCID: PMC10059714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) incidence is growing worldwide, with a significant percentage of CKD patients reaching end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and requiring kidney replacement therapies (KRT). Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a convenient KRT presenting benefices as home therapy. In PD patients, the peritoneum is chronically exposed to PD fluids containing supraphysiologic concentrations of glucose or other osmotic agents, leading to the activation of cellular and molecular processes of damage, including inflammation and fibrosis. Importantly, peritonitis episodes enhance peritoneum inflammation status and accelerate peritoneal injury. Here, we review the role of immune cells in the damage of the peritoneal membrane (PM) by repeated exposure to PD fluids during KRT as well as by bacterial or viral infections. We also discuss the anti-inflammatory properties of current clinical treatments of CKD patients in KRT and their potential effect on preserving PM integrity. Finally, given the current importance of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease, we also analyze here the implications of this disease in CKD and KRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Trionfetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L., Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Vanessa Marchant
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN/RICORS2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe T. González-Mateo
- Cell-Cell Communication & Inflammation Unit, Centre for Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Premium Research, S.L., 19005 Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Edyta Kawka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 10 Fredry St., 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Laura Márquez-Expósito
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN/RICORS2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel López-Cabrera
- Cell-Cell Communication & Inflammation Unit, Centre for Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN/RICORS2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raffaele Strippoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L., Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
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34
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de Castro Santos AL, da Silva NJA, Viana CTR, Dos Santos LCC, da Silva GHC, Scalzo Júnior SRA, Costa PAC, da Silva WN, de Jesus ICG, Birbrair A, de Magalhães MTQ, Frézard F, Guatimosim S, Haley RM, Mitchell MJ, Andrade SP, Campos PP, Guimaraes PPG. Oral formulation of Wnt inhibitor complex reduces inflammation and fibrosis in intraperitoneal implants in vivo. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:1420-1435. [PMID: 36749480 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01303-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of implantable biomaterials to replace physiological and anatomical functions has been widely investigated in the clinic. However, the selection of biomaterials is crucial for long-term function, and the implantation of certain biomaterials can cause inflammatory and fibrotic processes, triggering a foreign body reaction that leads to loss of function and consequent need for removal. Specifically, the Wnt signaling pathway controls the healing process of the human body, and its dysregulation can result in inflammation and fibrosis, such as in peritoneal fibrosis. Here, we assessed the effects of daily oral administration of a Wnt pathway inhibitor complex (CD:LGK974) to reduce the inflammatory, fibrotic, and angiogenic processes caused by intraperitoneal implants. CD:LGK974 significantly reduced the infiltration of immune cells and release of inflammatory cytokines in the implant region compared to the control groups. Furthermore, CD:LGK974 inhibited collagen deposition and reduced the expression of pro-fibrotic α-SMA and TGF-β1, confirming fibrosis reduction. Finally, the CD:LGK974 complex decreased VEGF levels and both the number and area of blood vessels formed, suggesting decreased angiogenesis. This work introduces a potential new application of the Wnt inhibitor complex to reduce peritoneal fibrosis and the rejection of implants at the intraperitoneal site, possibly allowing for longer-term functionality of existing clinical biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luíza de Castro Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627-Pampulha, Belo Horizonte-MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Natália Jordana Alves da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627-Pampulha, Belo Horizonte-MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Celso Tarso Rodrigues Viana
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627-Pampulha, Belo Horizonte-MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Henrique Costa da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627-Pampulha, Belo Horizonte-MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Ricardo Aluotto Scalzo Júnior
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627-Pampulha, Belo Horizonte-MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Pedro Augusto Carvalho Costa
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627-Pampulha, Belo Horizonte-MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Walison Nunes da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627-Pampulha, Belo Horizonte-MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Itamar Couto Guedes de Jesus
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627-Pampulha, Belo Horizonte-MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Mariana T Q de Magalhães
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Frédéric Frézard
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627-Pampulha, Belo Horizonte-MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Silvia Guatimosim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627-Pampulha, Belo Horizonte-MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Rebecca M Haley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael J Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Silvia Passos Andrade
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627-Pampulha, Belo Horizonte-MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Paula Peixoto Campos
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Pedro Pires Goulart Guimaraes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627-Pampulha, Belo Horizonte-MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
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35
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Shimizu M, Hojo M, Ikushima K, Yamamoto Y, Maeno A, Sakamoto Y, Ishimaru N, Taquahashi Y, Kanno J, Hirose A, Suzuki J, Inomata A, Nakae D. Continuous infiltration of small peritoneal macrophages in the mouse peritoneum through CCR2-dependent and -independent routes during fibrosis and mesothelioma development induced by a multiwalled carbon nanotube, MWNT-7. J Toxicol Sci 2023; 48:617-639. [PMID: 38044124 DOI: 10.2131/jts.48.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Although toxicities of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) have been found to be related with activities of macrophages phagocytosing the fibers, the exact relationship between macrophage population and pathogenesis of fibrosis and mesotheliomas induced by MWCNTs is largely unknown. CCL2-CCR2 axis, a major monocyte/macrophage infiltration route, is thought to be involved in not only acute inflammation but also the formation of tumor microenvironment. We therefore described a time-course of alteration of macrophage population in an attempt to clarify the contribution of the Ccr2 gene to mesotheliomagenesis. Wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice and Ccr2-knockout (KO) mice were intraperitoneally administered with MWNT-7 and were sequentially necropsied at 1, 7, 28, 90, and 245 day(s) after the injection. Peritoneal fibrosis was prominent in all MWCNT-treated mice, with a lower severity in the KO mice. No differences were observed in the incidences of neoplastic lesions of mesothelia between WT and KO mice. A flow cytometric analysis revealed that after gross disappearance of macrophages after MWCNT exposure, small peritoneal macrophages (SPMs) were exclusively refurbished by the CCR2-dependent route at day 1 (as Ly-6C+MHC class II- cells), followed by additional CCR2-independent routes (as Ly-6C-MHC class II- cells); i.e., the only route in KO mice; with a delay of 1-7 days. The SPMs derived from both routes appeared to differentiate into maturated cells as Ly-6C-MHC class II+, whose ratio increased in a time-dependent manner among the total SPM population. Additionally, most macrophages expressed M1-like features, but a small fraction of macrophages exhibited an M1/M2 mixed status in MWCNT-treated animals. Our findings demonstrate a long-persistent activation of the CCL2-CCR2 axis after MWCNT exposure and enable a better understanding of the participation and potential roles of SPMs in fibrous material-induced chronic toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motomu Shimizu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health
| | - Motoki Hojo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health
| | - Kiyomi Ikushima
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health
| | - Yukio Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health
| | - Ai Maeno
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health
| | - Yoshimitsu Sakamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Yuhji Taquahashi
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Jun Kanno
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Akihiko Hirose
- Chemicals Assessment and Research Center, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan
| | - Jin Suzuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health
| | - Akiko Inomata
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health
| | - Dai Nakae
- Department of Medical Sports, Faculty of Health Care and Medical Sports, Teikyo Heisei University
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Zhou X, Chen H, Shi Y, Li J, Ma X, Du L, Hu Y, Tao M, Zhong Q, Yan D, Zhuang S, Liu N. Histone deacetylase 8 inhibition prevents the progression of peritoneal fibrosis by counteracting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and blockade of M2 macrophage polarization. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1137332. [PMID: 36911746 PMCID: PMC9995794 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1137332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an effective replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease patients. However, long-term exposure to peritoneal dialysate will lead to the development of peritoneal fibrosis. Epigenetics has been shown to play an important role in peritoneal fibrosis, but the role of histone deacetylases 8 (HDAC8) in peritoneal fibrosis have not been elucidated. In this research, we focused on the role and mechanisms of HDAC8 in peritoneal fibrosis and discussed the mechanisms involved. Methods We examined the expression of HDAC8 in the peritoneum and dialysis effluent of continuous PD patients. Then we assessed the role and mechanism of HDAC8 in peritoneal fibrosis progression in mouse model of peritoneal fibrosis induced by high glucose peritoneal dialysis fluid by using PCI-34051. In vitro, TGF-β1 or IL-4 were used to stimulate human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) or RAW264.7 cells to establish two cell injury models to further explore the role and mechanism of HDAC8 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and macrophage polarization. Results We found that HDAC8 expressed highly in the peritoneum from patients with PD-related peritonitis. We further revealed that the level of HDAC8 in the dialysate increased over time, and HDAC8 was positively correlated with TGF-β1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and negatively correlated with cancer antigen 125. In mouse model of peritoneal fibrosis induced by high glucose dialysate, administration of PCI-34051 (a selective HDAC8 inhibitor) significantly prevented the progression of peritoneal fibrosis. Treatment with PCI-34051 blocked the phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the activation of its downstream signaling pathways ERK1/2 and STAT3/HIF-1α. Inhibition of HDAC8 also reduced apoptosis. In vitro, HDAC8 silencing with PCI-34051 or siRNA inhibited TGF-β1-induced EMT and apoptosis in HPMCs. In addition, continuous high glucose dialysate or IL-4 stimulation induced M2 macrophage polarization. Blockade of HDAC8 reduced M2 macrophage polarization by inhibiting the activation of STAT6 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Conclusions We demonstrated that HDAC8 promoted the EMT of HPMCs via EGFR/ERK1/2/STAT3/HIF-1α, induced M2 macrophage polarization via STAT6 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, and ultimately accelerated the process of peritoneal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingfeng Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinqing Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Du
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danying Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Liu J, Jin B, Lu J, Feng Y, Li N, Wan C, Zhang QY, Jiang CM. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor prevents extracellular matrix accumulation in human peritoneal mesothelial cell by ameliorating lipid disorder via LOX-1 suppression. Ren Fail 2022; 44:1687-1697. [PMID: 36226438 PMCID: PMC9578471 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2133729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that intracellular angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) contributes to peritoneal fibrosis (PF) under high glucose (HG)-based dialysates. It is generally believed that AT2 antagonisticly affects AT1 function. The aim of this study was to explore whether AT2 activation is beneficial for attenuating human peritoneal mesothelial cell (HPMC) injury due to HG. We treated a HPMC line with HG to induce extracellular matrix (ECM) formation. AT2 was increased and blocked using CGP42112A and AT2 siRNA. Lipid deposition was detected, signaling molecules associated with lectin-like oxidized lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) and ECM proteins were evaluated by real-time PCR and western blot. The results showed that HG led to AT2 inhibition in HPMCs, inhibition of AT2 further aggravated the expression of ECM proteins, including α-smooth muscle actin, fibroblast specific protein-1 and collagen I, while AT2 decreased the expression of ECM proteins, even during HG stimulation. Interestingly, there was a parallel change in lipid accumulation and ECM formation when AT2 was increased or depressed. Moreover, AT2-mediated decreased ECM production was associated with reduced lipid accumulation in HPMCs and depended on the downregulation of LOX-1. Further analysis showed that HG increased oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) deposition in HPMCs concomitant with an enhanced expression of ECM components, whereas blocking LOX-1 reversed ox-LDL deposition even in the presence of HG. This effect was also accompanied by the remission of ECM accumulation. Our results suggested that AT2 prevented ECM formation in HG-stimulated HPMCs by ameliorating lipid via LOX‐1 suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Jin
- Institute of Nephrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Institute of Nephrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Institute of Nephrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Li
- Institute of Nephrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Wan
- Institute of Nephrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing-Yan Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Ming Jiang
- Institute of Nephrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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Involvement of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Inflammatory Response in Human Mesothelial Cells from Peritoneal Dialysis Effluent. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112184. [DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have related mitochondrial impairment with peritoneal membrane damage during peritoneal dialysis (PD) therapy. Here, we assessed the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in the inflammatory response in human mesothelial cells, a hallmark in the pathogenesis of PD-related peritoneal membrane damage. Our ex vivo studies showed that IL-1β causes a drop in the mitochondrial membrane potential in cells from peritoneal effluent. Moreover, when mitochondrial damage was induced by inhibitors of mitochondrial function, a low-grade inflammatory response was generated. Interestingly, mitochondrial damage sensitized mesothelial cells, causing a significant increase in the inflammatory response induced by cytokines, in which ROS generation and NF-κB activation appear to be involved, since inflammation was counteracted by both mitoTEMPO (mitochondrial ROS scavenger) and BAY-117085 (NF-κB inhibitor). Furthermore, the natural anti-inflammatory antioxidant resveratrol significantly attenuated the inflammatory response, by reversing the decline in mitochondrial membrane potential and decreasing the expression of IL-8, COX-2 and PGE2 caused by IL-1β. These findings suggest that IL-1β regulates mitochondrial function in mesothelial cells and that mitochondrial dysfunction could induce an inflammatory scenario that sensitizes these cells, causing significant amplification of the inflammatory response induced by cytokines. Resveratrol may represent a promising strategy in controlling the mesothelial inflammatory response to PD.
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Zhu Y, Chai Y, Xiao G, Liu Y, Xie X, Xiao W, Zhou P, Ma W, Zhang C, Li L. Astragalus and its formulas as a therapeutic option for fibrotic diseases: Pharmacology and mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1040350. [PMID: 36408254 PMCID: PMC9669388 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1040350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is the abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix, characterized by accumulation of collagen and other extracellular matrix components, which causes organ dysfunction and even death. Despite advances in understanding fibrosis pathology and clinical management, there is no treatment for fibrosis that can prevent or reverse it, existing treatment options may lead to diarrhea, nausea, bleeding, anorexia, and liver toxicity. Thus, effective drugs are needed for fibrotic diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine has played a vital role in fibrotic diseases, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that Astragalus (Astragalus mongholicus Bunge) can attenuate multiple fibrotic diseases, which include liver fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, peritoneal fibrosis, renal fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, and so on, mechanisms may be related to inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), reactive oxygen species (ROS), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)/Smads, apoptosis, inflammation pathways. The purpose of this review was to summarize the pharmacology and mechanisms of Astragalus in treating fibrotic diseases, the data reviewed demonstrates that Astragalus is a promising anti-fibrotic drug, its main anti-fibrotic components are Calycosin, Astragaloside IV, Astragalus polysaccharides and formononetin. We also review formulas that contain Astragalus with anti-fibrotic effects, in which Astragalus and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Astragalus and Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels are the most commonly used combinations. We propose that combining active components into new formulations may be a promising way to develop new drugs for fibrosis. Besides, we expect Astragalus to be accepted as a clinically effective method of treating fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yilu Chai
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guojin Xiao
- Nursing Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yufei Liu
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohong Xie
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuantao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liuying Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Heart Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zigong First People’s Hospital, Zigong, China
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Brezovec N, Kojc N, Erman A, Hladnik M, Stergar J, Milanič M, Tomšič M, Čučnik S, Sodin-Šemrl S, Perše M, Lakota K. Molecular and Cellular Markers in Chlorhexidine-Induced Peritoneal Fibrosis in Mice. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2726. [PMID: 36359246 PMCID: PMC9687430 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the tissue changes and molecular mechanisms of preclinical models is essential for creating an optimal experimental design for credible translation into clinics. In our study, a chlorhexidine (CHX)-induced mouse model of peritoneal fibrosis was used to analyze histological and molecular/cellular alterations induced by 1 and 3 weeks of intraperitoneal CHX application. CHX treatment for 1 week already caused injury, degradation, and loss of mesothelial cells, resulting in local inflammation, with the most severe structural changes occurring in the peritoneum around the ventral parts of the abdominal wall. The local inflammatory response in the abdominal wall showed no prominent differences between 1 and 3 weeks. We observed an increase in polymorphonuclear cells in the blood but no evidence of systemic inflammation as measured by serum levels of serum amyloid A and interleukin-6. CHX-induced fibrosis in the abdominal wall was more pronounced after 3 weeks, but the gene expression of fibrotic markers did not change over time. Complement system molecules were strongly expressed in the abdominal wall of CHX-treated mice. To conclude, both histological and molecular changes were already present in week 1, allowing examination at the onset of fibrosis. This is crucial information for refining further experiments and limiting the amount of unnecessary animal suffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neža Brezovec
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nika Kojc
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Erman
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Hladnik
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Jošt Stergar
- Reactor Physics Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matija Milanič
- Reactor Physics Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Complex Matter, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matija Tomšič
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Saša Čučnik
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Snežna Sodin-Šemrl
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Martina Perše
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Lakota
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
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Wang R, Guo T, Li J. Mechanisms of Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells in Peritoneal Adhesion. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101498. [PMID: 36291710 PMCID: PMC9599397 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A peritoneal adhesion (PA) is a fibrotic tissue connecting the abdominal or visceral organs to the peritoneum. The formation of PAs can induce a variety of clinical diseases. However, there is currently no effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of PAs. Damage to peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) is believed to cause PAs by promoting inflammation, fibrin deposition, and fibrosis formation. In the early stages of PA formation, PMCs undergo mesothelial–mesenchymal transition and have the ability to produce an extracellular matrix. The PMCs may transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts and accelerate the formation of PAs. Therefore, the aim of this review was to understand the mechanism of action of PMCs in PAs, and to offer a theoretical foundation for the treatment and prevention of PAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruipeng Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Tiankang Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Junliang Li
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Correspondence:
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Zhang Y, Ye Y, Tang X, Wang H, Tanaka T, Tian R, Yang X, Wang L, Xiao Y, Hu X, Jin Y, Pang H, Du T, Liu H, Sun L, Xiao S, Dong R, Ferrucci L, Tian Z, Zhang S. CCL17 acts as a novel therapeutic target in pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213274. [PMID: 35687056 PMCID: PMC9194836 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating proteomic signatures of age are closely associated with aging and age-related diseases; however, the utility of changes in secreted proteins in identifying therapeutic targets for diseases remains unclear. Serum proteomic profiling of an age-stratified healthy population and further community-based cohort together with heart failure patients study demonstrated that circulating C-C motif chemokine ligand 17 (CCL17) level increased with age and correlated with cardiac dysfunction. Subsequent animal experiments further revealed that Ccll7-KO significantly repressed aging and angiotensin II (Ang II)–induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, accompanied by the plasticity and differentiation of T cell subsets. Furthermore, the therapeutic administration of an anti-CCL17 neutralizing antibody inhibited Ang II–induced pathological cardiac remodeling. Our findings reveal that chemokine CCL17 is identifiable as a novel therapeutic target in age-related and Ang II–induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yicong Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ran Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xufei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- Department of Central Research Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Jin
- Department of Central Research Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyu Pang
- Department of Central Research Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Du
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Honghong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Xiao
- Thermo Fisher Scientific (China) Co., Ltd, Changning, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruijia Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Zhuang Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Central Research Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Sacnun JM, Herzog R, Kratochwill K. Proteomic study of mesothelial and endothelial cross-talk: key lessons. Expert Rev Proteomics 2022; 19:289-296. [PMID: 36714918 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2023.2174851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The peritoneum, pleura, and pericardium are yet understudied multicellular systems where mesothelial cells (MCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) are in close proximity. Crosstalk between these cell types likely plays role in molecular transport, immunological reactions, and metabolic processes in health, disease, and therapeutic intervention. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss recent proteomic efforts to characterize the crosstalk between MC and EC. We describe the proteomic methods necessary for investigation of crosstalk between MC and EC, as well as the in-vitro models that can be employed. Potential experimental approaches range from conditioned medium, via co-culture on semi-permeable membranes, to 3D cell culture based organoid models. While the biological and clinical relevance of the models may increase with their ability to mimic close cell communication, the practicality of these complex experiments corresponds vice versa, making standardization more difficult and expensive. EXPERT OPINION Currently, data and reports on mesothelial-to-endothelial crosstalk are still very scarce. In our opinion, the in-vitro model using semi-permeable cell culture inserts will allow to establish a basic understanding of cellular crosstalk that may occur between those cell types. Later-on, more sophisticated 3D cell cultures may be better able to simulate the transport dynamics within the peritoneal membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Sacnun
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Stress Research in Peritoneal Dialysis, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rebecca Herzog
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Stress Research in Peritoneal Dialysis, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Kratochwill
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Stress Research in Peritoneal Dialysis, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Shi Y, Li J, Chen H, Hu Y, Tang L, Zhou X, Tao M, Lv Z, Chen S, Qiu A, Liu N. Pharmacologic Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase 6 Prevents the Progression of Chlorhexidine Gluconate-Induced Peritoneal Fibrosis by Blockade of M2 Macrophage Polarization. Front Immunol 2022; 13:899140. [PMID: 35784347 PMCID: PMC9240186 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.899140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis contributes to ultrafiltration failure in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and thus restricts the wide application of PD in clinic. Recently we have demonstrated that histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is critically implicated in high glucose peritoneal dialysis fluid (HG-PDF) induced peritoneal fibrosis, however, the precise mechanisms of HDAC6 in peritoneal fibrosis have not been elucidated. Here, we focused on the role and mechanisms of HDAC6 in chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) induced peritoneal fibrosis and discussed the mechanisms involved. We found Tubastatin A (TA), a selective inhibitor of HDAC6, significantly prevented the progression of peritoneal fibrosis, as characterized by reduction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein deposition. Inhibition of HDAC6 remarkably suppressed the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP2) and MMP-9. Administration of TA also increased the expression of acetylation Histone H3 and acetylation α-tubulin. Moreover, our results revealed that blockade of HDAC6 inhibited alternatively M2 macrophages polarization by suppressing the activation of TGF-β/Smad3, PI3K/AKT, and STAT3, STAT6 pathways. To give a better understanding of the mechanisms, we further established two cell injured models in Raw264.7 cells by using IL-4 and HG-PDF. Our in vitro experiments illustrated that both IL-4 and HG-PDF could induce M2 macrophage polarization, as demonstrated by upregulation of CD163 and Arginase-1. Inhibition of HDAC6 by TA significantly abrogated M2 macrophage polarization dose-dependently by suppressing TGF-β/Smad, IL4/STAT6, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Collectively, our study revealed that blockade of HDAC6 by TA could suppress the progression of CG-induced peritoneal fibrosis by blockade of M2 macrophage polarization. Thus, HDAC6 may be a promising target in peritoneal fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinqing Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lunxian Tang
- Emergency Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xun Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zexin Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Andong Qiu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Na Liu,
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Stepanova N, Snisar L, Burdeyna O. Peritoneal dialysis and peritoneal fibrosis: molecular mechanisms, risk factors and prospects for prevention. UKRAINIAN JOURNAL OF NEPHROLOGY AND DIALYSIS 2022:81-90. [DOI: 10.31450/ukrjnd.4(76).2022.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) leads to structural and functional changes in the peritoneal membrane, the endpoint of which is peritoneal fibrosis. Peritoneal fibrosis is diagnosed in 50% and 80% of PD patients within 1 and 2 years of treatment initiation, respectively. A key role in the development of peritoneal fibrosis is played by mesothelial-mesenchymal transformation, a complex biological process of transition from mesothelium to mesenchyme. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the changes in peritoneal function and morphology, the molecular mechanisms of peritoneal fibrosis development, and its clinical consequences during PD. Special attention is given to established and potential risk factors for peritoneal fibrosis, and existing prevention strategies are considered.
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Rathod S. T cells in the peritoneum. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 371:15-41. [PMID: 35964999 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The peritoneal cavity is a fluid-packed area that houses most of the abdominal organs, including the omentum, a visceral adipose tissue with milky patches or groups of leukocytes organized in the same way to those observed in typical lymphoid tissues. A distinct population of leukocytes patrols the peritoneal cavity and travels in and out of the milky spots, facing antigens or pathogens in the peritoneal fluid and responding appropriately. T cells may play a crucial function in regulating adaptive immune responses to antigens in the peritoneal cavity to ensure tissue homeostasis and healing. When peritoneal homeostasis is interrupted by inflammation, infection, obesity, or tumor metastasis, the omentum's dedicated fibroblastic stromal cells and mesothelial cells control peritoneal leukocyte recruitment and activation in unique ways. T cells, which employ their T cell receptor to target specific antigens, are an important component of the acquired immune response since they are present in the peritoneal cavity. The peritoneum provides a different environment for T cells to respond to pathogens. This chapter outlines the anatomy relevant to T cell function and biology, such as antigen processing/presentation, T cell activation, and the many T cell subpopulations in the peritoneal cavity, as well as their role in cancer or other infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Rathod
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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Proteomics and Extracellular Vesicles as Novel Biomarker Sources in Peritoneal Dialysis in Children. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105655. [PMID: 35628461 PMCID: PMC9144397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) represents the dialysis modality of choice for pediatric patients with end-stage kidney disease. Indeed, compared with hemodialysis (HD), it offers many advantages, including more flexibility, reduction of the risk of hospital-acquired infections, preservation of residual kidney function, and a better quality of life. However, despite these positive aspects, PD may be associated with several long-term complications that may impair both patient's general health and PD adequacy. In this view, chronic inflammation, caused by different factors, has a detrimental impact on the structure and function of the peritoneal membrane, leading to sclerosis and consequent PD failure both in adults and children. Although several studies investigated the complex pathogenic pathways underlying peritoneal membrane alterations, these processes remain still to explore. Understanding these mechanisms may provide novel approaches to improve the clinical outcome of pediatric PD patients through the identification of subjects at high risk of complications and the implementation of personalized interventions. In this review, we discuss the main experimental and clinical experiences exploring the potentiality of the proteomic analysis of peritoneal fluids and extracellular vesicles as a source of novel biomarkers in pediatric peritoneal dialysis.
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Mikuła-Pietrasik J, Rutecki S, Książek K. The functional multipotency of transforming growth factor β signaling at the intersection of senescence and cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:196. [PMID: 35305149 PMCID: PMC11073081 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04236-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family of cytokines comprises a group of proteins, their receptors, and effector molecules that, in a coordinated manner, modulate a plethora of physiological and pathophysiological processes. TGF-β1 is the best known and plausibly most active representative of this group. It acts as an immunosuppressant, contributes to extracellular matrix remodeling, and stimulates tissue fibrosis, differentiation, angiogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In recent years, this cytokine has been established as a vital regulator of organismal aging and cellular senescence. Finally, the role of TGF-β1 in cancer progression is no longer in question. Because this protein is involved in so many, often overlapping phenomena, the question arises whether it can be considered a molecular bridge linking some of these phenomena together and governing their reciprocal interactions. In this study, we reviewed the literature from the perspective of the role of various TGF-β family members as regulators of a complex mutual interplay between senescence and cancer. These aspects are then considered in a broader context of remaining TGF-β-related functions and coexisting processes. The main narrative axis in this work is centered around the interaction between the senescence of normal peritoneal cells and ovarian cancer cells. The discussion also includes examples of TGF-β activity at the interface of other normal and cancer cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Mikuła-Pietrasik
- Department of Pathophysiology of Ageing and Civilization Diseases, Długa ½ Str, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-848, Poznań, Poland
| | - Szymon Rutecki
- Department of Pathophysiology of Ageing and Civilization Diseases, Długa ½ Str, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-848, Poznań, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Książek
- Department of Pathophysiology of Ageing and Civilization Diseases, Długa ½ Str, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-848, Poznań, Poland.
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Matusali G, Trionfetti F, Bordoni V, Nardacci R, Falasca L, Colombo D, Terri M, Montaldo C, Castilletti C, Mariotti D, Del Nonno F, Capobianchi MR, Agrati C, Tripodi M, Strippoli R. Pleural Mesothelial Cells Modulate the Inflammatory/Profibrotic Response During SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:752616. [PMID: 34901152 PMCID: PMC8662383 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.752616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although lung fibrosis has a major impact in COVID-19 disease, its pathogenesis is incompletely understood. In particular, no direct evidence of pleura implication in COVID-19-related fibrotic damage has been reported so far. In this study, the expression of epithelial cytokeratins and Wilms tumor 1 (WT1), specific markers of mesothelial cells (MCs), was analyzed in COVID-19 and unrelated pleura autoptic samples. SARS-CoV-2 replication was analyzed by RT-PCR and confocal microscopy in MeT5A, a pleura MC line. SARS-CoV-2 receptors were analyzed by RT-PCR and western blot. Inflammatory cytokines from the supernatants of SARS-CoV-2-infected MeT5A cells were analysed by Luminex and ELLA assays. Immunohistochemistry of COVID-19 pleura patients highlighted disruption of pleura monolayer and fibrosis of the sub-mesothelial stroma, with the presence of MCs with fibroblastoid morphology in the sub-mesothelial stroma, but no evidence of direct infection in vivo. Interestingly, we found evidence of ACE2 expression in MCs from pleura of COVID-19 patients. In vitro analysis shown that MeT5A cells expressed ACE2, TMPRSS2, ADAM17 and NRP1, plasma membrane receptors implicated in SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and infectivity. Moreover, MeT5A cells sustained SARS-CoV-2 replication and productive infection. Infected MeT5A cells produced interferons, inflammatory cytokines and metalloproteases. Overall, our data highlight the potential role of pleura MCs as promoters of the fibrotic reaction and regulators of the immune response upon SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Matusali
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Trionfetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Bordoni
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Nardacci
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani", IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Falasca
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani", IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Colombo
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani", IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Terri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Montaldo
- Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Castilletti
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Mariotti
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Franca Del Nonno
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani", IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Capobianchi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Agrati
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tripodi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Strippoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Transfer factor treatment in management of peritonitis condition: An experimental study in rat. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 69:102755. [PMID: 34527231 PMCID: PMC8433118 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a role for the immune system in improving the outcome of peritonitis cases in children. Transfer factors are one immunomodulatory treatment that can increase the activity of natural killer (NK) cells to produce interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), which is thought to increase the phagocytic activity of macrophages. This study analyzed the effects of transfer factors on the phagocytic activity of macrophages in the intraperitoneal fluid of a Wistar rat model of peritonitis. Methods This experimental study had a post-test-only control group design and was carried out at the Laboratory of Pharmacology and Microbiology of Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia. It analyzed the effect of transfer factors on the phagocytic activity of macrophages in the intraperitoneal fluid of Wistar rats experiencing peritonitis after being injected with Escherichia coli. An unpaired comparative t-test was performed using the SPSS program to analyze the difference between transfer factor administration and macrophage phagocytic activity levels. Results There was a statistically significant difference between the phagocytosis index values of macrophages in samples treated with transfer factors and those that were untreated (p = 0.005). Conclusions Transfer factors increased the phagocytic activity of macrophages in a Wistar rat model of peritonitis. This suggests that transfer factors could have a role as an immunomodulatory treatment for peritonitis.
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