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Natsubori A, Kwon S, Honda Y, Kojima T, Karashima A, Masamoto K, Honda M. Serotonergic regulation of cortical neurovascular coupling and hemodynamics upon awakening from sleep in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:1591-1607. [PMID: 38477254 PMCID: PMC11418750 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x241238843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Neurovascular coupling (NVC) is the functional hyperemia of the brain responding to local neuronal activity. It is mediated by astrocytes and affected by subcortical ascending pathways in the cortex that convey information, such as sensory stimuli and the animal condition. Here, we investigate the influence of the raphe serotonergic system, a subcortical ascending arousal system in animals, on the modulation of cortical NVC and cerebral blood flow (CBF). Raphe serotonergic neurons were optogenically activated for 30 s, which immediately awakened the mice from non-rapid eye movement sleep. This caused a biphasic cortical hemodynamic change: a transient increase for a few seconds immediately after photostimulation onset, followed by a large progressive decrease during the stimulation period. Serotonergic neuron activation increased intracellular Ca2+ levels in cortical pyramidal neurons and astrocytes, demonstrating its effect on the NVC components. Pharmacological inhibition of cortical neuronal firing activity and astrocyte metabolic activity had small hypovolemic effects on serotonin-induced biphasic CBF changes, while blocking 5-HT1B receptors expressed primarily in cerebral vasculature attenuated the decreasing CBF phase. This suggests that serotonergic neuron activation leading to animal awakening could allow the NVC to exert a hyperemic function during a biphasic CBF response, with a predominant decrease in the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyo Natsubori
- Sleep Disorders Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soojin Kwon
- Sleep Disorders Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Honda
- Sleep Disorders Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kojima
- Sleep Disorders Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Karashima
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuto Masamoto
- Dept. Mechanical and Intelligent Systems Engineering, Univ. of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Honda
- Sleep Disorders Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
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Mishra S, Grewal J, Wal P, Bhivshet GU, Tripathi AK, Walia V. Therapeutic potential of vasopressin in the treatment of neurological disorders. Peptides 2024; 174:171166. [PMID: 38309582 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Vasopressin (VP) is a nonapeptide made of nine amino acids synthesized by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland. VP acts as a neurohormone, neuropeptide and neuromodulator and plays an important role in the regulation of water balance, osmolarity, blood pressure, body temperature, stress response, emotional challenges, etc. Traditionally VP is known to regulate the osmolarity and tonicity. VP and its receptors are widely expressed in the various region of the brain including cortex, hippocampus, basal forebrain, amygdala, etc. VP has been shown to modulate the behavior, stress response, circadian rhythm, cerebral blood flow, learning and memory, etc. The potential role of VP in the regulation of these neurological functions have suggested the therapeutic importance of VP and its analogues in the management of neurological disorders. Further, different VP analogues have been developed across the world with different pharmacotherapeutic potential. In the present work authors highlighted the therapeutic potential of VP and its analogues in the treatment and management of various neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Mishra
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, India
| | - Jyoti Grewal
- Maharisi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Pharmacy, Kanpur, India
| | | | | | - Vaibhav Walia
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, India.
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Freitas FEDA, Batista MAC, Braga DCDA, de Oliveira LB, Antunes VR, Cardoso LM. The gut-brain axis and sodium appetite: Can inflammation-related signaling influence the control of sodium intake? Appetite 2022; 175:106050. [PMID: 35447164 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sodium is the main cation present in the extracellular fluid. Sodium and water content in the body are responsible for volume and osmotic homeostasis through mechanisms involving sodium and water excretion and intake. When body sodium content decreases below the homeostatic threshold, a condition termed sodium deficiency, highly motivated sodium seeking, and intake occurs. This is termed sodium appetite. Classically, sodium and water intakes are controlled by a number of neuroendocrine mechanisms that include signaling molecules from the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system acting in the central nervous system (CNS). However, recent findings have shown that sodium and water intakes can also be influenced by inflammatory agents and mediators acting in the CNS. For instance, central infusion of IL-1β or TNF-α can directly affect sodium and water consumption in animal models. Some dietary conditions, such as high salt intake, have been shown to change the intestinal microbiome composition, stimulating the immune branch of the gut-brain axis through the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-17, which can stimulate the brain immune system. In this review, we address the latest findings supporting the hypothesis that immune signaling in the brain could produce a reduction in thirst and sodium appetite and, therefore, contribute to sodium intake control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vagner Roberto Antunes
- Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics - ICB, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Fernandes-Costa F, de Lima Flôr AF, Falcão MSF, de Moura Balarini C, de Brito Alves JL, de Andrade Braga V, de Campos Cruz J. Central interaction between nitric oxide, lactate and glial cells to modulate water and sodium intake in rats. Brain Res Bull 2022; 186:1-7. [PMID: 35487385 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The "astrocyte-to-neuron lactate shuttle" (ANLS) mechanism is part of the central inhibitory pathway to modulate sodium intake. An interaction between the GABAergic neurons and nitric oxide (NO) in the subfornical organ (SFO) in salt-appetite inhibition has been suggested. In addition, NO is a key molecule involved in astrocytic energy metabolism and lactate production. In the present study, we hypothesized there is an interaction between astrocytic lactate and central NO to negatively modulate water and sodium intake through the ANLS mechanism. The results showed that central Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, NO-synthase inhibition) induced an increase in water and sodium intake. These responses were attenuated by previous central microinjection of fluorocitrate (FCt, a reversible glial inhibitor). Interestingly, L-NAME-induced water and sodium intake were also decreased by previous microinjection of lactate but did not change after inhibition of the ANLS mechanism by α-cyano 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (α-CHCA), an inhibitor of the MCT lactate transporter. Our results suggest a central interaction between NO, glial cells, and lactate to modulate water and sodium intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Josiane de Campos Cruz
- Biotechnology Center, Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil; Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
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Proczka M, Przybylski J, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A, Szczepańska-Sadowska E, Żera T. Vasopressin and Breathing: Review of Evidence for Respiratory Effects of the Antidiuretic Hormone. Front Physiol 2021; 12:744177. [PMID: 34867449 PMCID: PMC8637824 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.744177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasopressin (AVP) is a key neurohormone involved in the regulation of body functions. Due to its urine-concentrating effect in the kidneys, it is often referred to as antidiuretic hormone. Besides its antidiuretic renal effects, AVP is a potent neurohormone involved in the regulation of arterial blood pressure, sympathetic activity, baroreflex sensitivity, glucose homeostasis, release of glucocorticoids and catecholamines, stress response, anxiety, memory, and behavior. Vasopressin is synthesized in the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nuclei (SON) of the hypothalamus and released into the circulation from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland together with a C-terminal fragment of pro-vasopressin, known as copeptin. Additionally, vasopressinergic neurons project from the hypothalamus to the brainstem nuclei. Increased release of AVP into the circulation and elevated levels of its surrogate marker copeptin are found in pulmonary diseases, arterial hypertension, heart failure, obstructive sleep apnoea, severe infections, COVID-19 due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and brain injuries. All these conditions are usually accompanied by respiratory disturbances. The main stimuli that trigger AVP release include hyperosmolality, hypovolemia, hypotension, hypoxia, hypoglycemia, strenuous exercise, and angiotensin II (Ang II) and the same stimuli are known to affect pulmonary ventilation. In this light, we hypothesize that increased AVP release and changes in ventilation are not coincidental, but that the neurohormone contributes to the regulation of the respiratory system by fine-tuning of breathing in order to restore homeostasis. We discuss evidence in support of this presumption. Specifically, vasopressinergic neurons innervate the brainstem nuclei involved in the control of respiration. Moreover, vasopressin V1a receptors (V1aRs) are expressed on neurons in the respiratory centers of the brainstem, in the circumventricular organs (CVOs) that lack a blood-brain barrier, and on the chemosensitive type I cells in the carotid bodies. Finally, peripheral and central administrations of AVP or antagonists of V1aRs increase/decrease phrenic nerve activity and pulmonary ventilation in a site-specific manner. Altogether, the findings discussed in this review strongly argue for the hypothesis that vasopressin affects ventilation both as a blood-borne neurohormone and as a neurotransmitter within the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Proczka
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Przybylski
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology, and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Szczepańska-Sadowska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tymoteusz Żera
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Zhao Z, Soria-Gómez E, Varilh M, Covelo A, Julio-Kalajzić F, Cannich A, Castiglione A, Vanhoutte L, Duveau A, Zizzari P, Beyeler A, Cota D, Bellocchio L, Busquets-Garcia A, Marsicano G. A Novel Cortical Mechanism for Top-Down Control of Water Intake. Curr Biol 2020; 30:4789-4798.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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MacDonald AJ, Robb JL, Morrissey NA, Beall C, Ellacott KLJ. Astrocytes in neuroendocrine systems: An overview. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12726. [PMID: 31050045 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A class of glial cell, astrocytes, is highly abundant in the central nervous system (CNS). In addition to maintaining tissue homeostasis, astrocytes regulate neuronal communication and synaptic plasticity. There is an ever-increasing appreciation that astrocytes are involved in the regulation of physiology and behaviour in normal and pathological states, including within neuroendocrine systems. Indeed, astrocytes are direct targets of hormone action in the CNS, via receptors expressed on their surface, and are also a source of regulatory neuropeptides, neurotransmitters and gliotransmitters. Furthermore, as part of the neurovascular unit, astrocytes can regulate hormone entry into the CNS. This review is intended to provide an overview of how astrocytes are impacted by and contribute to the regulation of a diverse range of neuroendocrine systems: energy homeostasis and metabolism, reproduction, fluid homeostasis, the stress response and circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J MacDonald
- Neuroendocrine Research Group, Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Josephine L Robb
- Neuroendocrine Research Group, Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Nicole A Morrissey
- Neuroendocrine Research Group, Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Craig Beall
- Neuroendocrine Research Group, Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Kate L J Ellacott
- Neuroendocrine Research Group, Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
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