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Liu W, Chen Z, Rong L, Duan X, Qin Y, Chun Z, Liu X, Wu J, Wang Z, Liu T. Soil Erosion Thickness and Seasonal Variations Together Drive Soil Nitrogen Dynamics at the Early Stage of Vegetation Restoration in the Dry-Hot Valley. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1546. [PMID: 39203388 PMCID: PMC11356167 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
By changing the physicochemical and biological properties of soil, erosion profoundly affects soil nitrogen levels, but knowledge about the erosion impact on soil nitrogen (N) dynamics is still rather incomplete. We compared soil N contents at the early stage of vegetation self-restoration in response to soil erosion thickness (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 cm), by conducting a simulated erosion experiment on sloping arable land in the dry-hot valley of Yunnan Province, southwestern China. The results showed total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) contents reduced with increasing soil erosion thickness and decreased significantly at the soil erosion thickness of 10, 40 and 10 cm in the rainy season and 30, 10 and 10 cm in the dry season compared with 0 cm. Structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated that soil erosion thickness and seasonal variation were the important drivers of mineral nitrogen (NH4+-N and NO3--N) content. Soil erosion thickness indirectly affected mineral nitrogen through negative on TN, carbon content and Diazotrophs (nifH genes). Dry-wet season change had an effect on mineral nitrogen mediated by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and nifH genes. We also found AMF had a promotion to nifH genes in eroded soil, which can be expected to benefit nitrogen fixing. Our findings highlight the importance of considering soil erosion thickness and sampling time for nitrogen dynamics, in particular, the investigation of nitrogen limitation, in the early stage of vegetation self-restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxu Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Prevention and Green Development, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China;
- Yuanjiang Dry-Hot Valley Water and Soil Conservation Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Institute of International Rivers and Eco–Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; (Z.C.); (Y.Q.); (Z.C.); (X.L.); (J.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Zhe Chen
- Yuanjiang Dry-Hot Valley Water and Soil Conservation Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Institute of International Rivers and Eco–Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; (Z.C.); (Y.Q.); (Z.C.); (X.L.); (J.W.); (T.L.)
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Li Rong
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Prevention and Green Development, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China;
- Yuanjiang Dry-Hot Valley Water and Soil Conservation Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Institute of International Rivers and Eco–Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; (Z.C.); (Y.Q.); (Z.C.); (X.L.); (J.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Xingwu Duan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Prevention and Green Development, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China;
- Yuanjiang Dry-Hot Valley Water and Soil Conservation Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Institute of International Rivers and Eco–Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; (Z.C.); (Y.Q.); (Z.C.); (X.L.); (J.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Yuhong Qin
- Yuanjiang Dry-Hot Valley Water and Soil Conservation Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Institute of International Rivers and Eco–Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; (Z.C.); (Y.Q.); (Z.C.); (X.L.); (J.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Zhenjie Chun
- Yuanjiang Dry-Hot Valley Water and Soil Conservation Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Institute of International Rivers and Eco–Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; (Z.C.); (Y.Q.); (Z.C.); (X.L.); (J.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Xuening Liu
- Yuanjiang Dry-Hot Valley Water and Soil Conservation Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Institute of International Rivers and Eco–Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; (Z.C.); (Y.Q.); (Z.C.); (X.L.); (J.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Jia Wu
- Yuanjiang Dry-Hot Valley Water and Soil Conservation Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Institute of International Rivers and Eco–Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; (Z.C.); (Y.Q.); (Z.C.); (X.L.); (J.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Zihao Wang
- School of Earth Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China;
| | - Taicong Liu
- Yuanjiang Dry-Hot Valley Water and Soil Conservation Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Institute of International Rivers and Eco–Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; (Z.C.); (Y.Q.); (Z.C.); (X.L.); (J.W.); (T.L.)
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Zhang B, Nasar J, Dong S, Zhou X, Gao Q. Differential regulation of belowground rhizospheric ecosystem by biological and chemical nitrogen supplies: implications for maize yield enhancement mechanisms. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024. [PMID: 38985647 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) content affects aboveground maize growth and nutrient absorption by altering the belowground rhizospheric ecosystem, impacting both yield and quality. However, the mechanisms through which different N supply methods (chemical and biological N supplies) regulate the belowground rhizospheric ecosystem to enhance maize yield remain unclear. To address this issue, we conducted a field experiment in northeast China, comprising three treatments: maize monocropping without N fertilizer application (MM), maize/alfalfa intercropping without N fertilizer application (BNF), and maize monocropping with N fertilizer application (CNS). The MM treatment represents the control, while the BNF treatment represents the biological N supply form, and CNS treatment represents the chemical N supply form. In the autumn of 2019, samples of maize and rhizospheric soil were collected to assess parameters including yield, rhizospheric soil characteristics, and microbial indicators. Both BNF and MM significantly increased maize yield and different yield components compared with MM, with no statistically significant difference in total yield between BNF and CNS. Furthermore, BNF significantly improved N by 12.61% and available N (AN) by 13.20% compared with MM. Furthermore, BNF treatment also significantly increased the Shannon index by 1.90%, while the CNS treatment significantly increased the Chao1 index by 28.1% and ACE index by 29.49%, with no significant difference between CNS and BNF. However, CNS had a more pronounced impact on structure of the rhizosphere soil bacterial community compared to BNF, inducing more significant fluctuations within the microbial network (modularity index and negative cohesion index). Regarding N transformation pathways predicted by bacterial functions, BNF significantly increased the N fixation pathway, while CNS significantly increased assimilatory nitrate reduction. In CNS, AN, NO3-N, NH4-N, assimilatory nitrate reduction, and community structure contributed significantly to maize yield, whereas in BNF, N fixation, community structure, community stability, NO3-N, and NH4-N played significant roles in enhancing maize yield. While CNS and BNF can achieve comparable maize yields in practical agricultural production, they have significantly different impacts on the belowground rhizosphere ecosystem, leading to different mechanisms of yield enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Soil Resources in the Commodity Grain Bases in Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - J Nasar
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Soil Resources in the Commodity Grain Bases in Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - S Dong
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Soil Resources in the Commodity Grain Bases in Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - X Zhou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Soil Resources in the Commodity Grain Bases in Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Q Gao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Soil Resources in the Commodity Grain Bases in Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Song A, Liang S, Li H, Yan B. Effects of biodiversity on functional stability of freshwater wetlands: a systematic review. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1397683. [PMID: 38650885 PMCID: PMC11033414 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1397683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Freshwater wetlands are the wetland ecosystems surrounded by freshwater, which are at the interface of terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, and are rich in ecological composition and function. Biodiversity in freshwater wetlands plays a key role in maintaining the stability of their habitat functions. Due to anthropogenic interference and global change, the biodiversity of freshwater wetlands decreases, which in turn destroys the habitat function of freshwater wetlands and leads to serious degradation of wetlands. An in-depth understanding of the effects of biodiversity on the stability of habitat function and its regulation in freshwater wetlands is crucial for wetland conservation. Therefore, this paper reviews the environmental drivers of habitat function stability in freshwater wetlands, explores the effects of plant diversity and microbial diversity on habitat function stability, reveals the impacts and mechanisms of habitat changes on biodiversity, and further proposes an outlook for freshwater wetland research. This paper provides an important reference for freshwater wetland conservation and its habitat function enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiwen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Baixing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
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Li C, Valencia E, Shi Y, Zhou G, Li X. N 2-fixing bacteria are more sensitive to microtopography than nitrogen addition in degraded grassland. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1240634. [PMID: 37779719 PMCID: PMC10540685 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1240634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Soil bacteria play a crucial role in the terrestrial nitrogen (N) cycle by fixing atmospheric N2, and this process is influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors. The diversity of N2-fixing bacteria (NFB) directly reflects the efficiency of soil N fixation, and the diversity of NFB in degraded alpine meadow soil may change with different N fertilizing levels and varied slopes. However, how N addition affects the diversity of NFB in degraded alpine meadows, and whether this influence varies with slope, remain poorly understood. Methods We conducted an N addition field experiment at three levels (2, 5, and 10 g N·m-2·a-1) to study the effects of N addition on soil NFB diversity on two different slopes in a degraded meadow on the Tibetan Plateau. Results There were significant differences in the dominant bacterial species between the two slopes. The Chao1 index, species richness, and beta diversity of NFB did not differ significantly between slopes, but the Shannon index did. Interestingly, N addition had no effect on the diversity of NFB or the abundance of dominant bacteria. However, we did observe a significant change in some low-abundance NFB. The community composition and diversity of NFB were significantly positively correlated with slope and soil physicochemical properties (e.g., total potassium, pH, and total nitrogen). Conclusions Our study highlights the variation in NFB communities among different slopes in degraded alpine meadows and their resilience to exogenous N addition. Our results also underscore the importance of considering the effects of micro-topography on soil microbial communities in future studies of alpine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyi Li
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Enrique Valencia
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yan Shi
- School of Environment, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Guiyao Zhou
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Xilai Li
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
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Abulaizi M, Chen M, Yang Z, Hu Y, Zhu X, Jia H. Response of soil bacterial community to alpine wetland degradation in arid Central Asia. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:990597. [PMID: 36684714 PMCID: PMC9848402 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.990597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A large number of studies have reported the importance of bacterial communities in ecosystems and their responses to soil degradation, but the response mechanism in arid alpine wetlands is still unclear. Here, the non-degraded (ND), slightly degraded (SD), and heavily degraded (HD) regions of Bayinbuluk alpine wetland were used to analyzed the diversity, structure and function of bacterial communities in three degraded wetlands using 16S rRNA. The results showed that with the increase of degradation degree, the content of soil moisture (SM) and available nitrogen (AN) decreased significantly, plant species richness and total vegetation coverage decreased significantly, Cyperaceae (Cy) coverage decreased significantly, and Gramineae (Gr) coverage increased significantly. Degradation did not significantly affect the diversity of the bacterial community, but changed the relative abundance of the community structure. Degradation significantly increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria (ND: 3.95%; SD: 7.27%; HD: 23.97%) and Gemmatimonadetes (ND: 0.39%; SD: 2.17%; HD: 10.78%), while significantly reducing the relative abundance of Chloroflexi (ND: 13.92%; SD: 8.68%; HD: 3.55%) and Nitrospirae (ND: 6.18%; SD: 0.45%; HD: 2.32%). Degradation significantly reduced some of the potential functions in the bacterial community associated with the carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) cycles, such as hydrocarbon degradation (ND: 25.00%; SD: 1.74%; HD: 6.59%), such as aerobic ammonia oxidation (ND: 5.96%; SD: 22.82%; HD: 4.55%), and dark sulfide oxidation (ND: 32.68%; SD: 0.37%; HD: 0.28%). Distance-based redundancy analysis (db-RDA) results showed that the bacteria community was significantly related to the TC (total carbon) and Gr (P < 0.05). The results of linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis indicate significant enrichments of Alphaproteobacteria and Sphingomonas in the HD area. The vegetation communities and soil nutrients changed significantly with increasing soil degradation levels, and Sphingomonas could be used as potential biomarker of degraded alpine wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maidinuer Abulaizi
- College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Mo Chen
- College of Grassland Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zailei Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yang Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xinping Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes, Urumqi, China
| | - Hongtao Jia
- College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes, Urumqi, China
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Chen D, Hou H, Zhou S, Zhang S, Liu D, Pang Z, Hu J, Xue K, Du J, Cui X, Wang Y, Che R. Soil diazotrophic abundance, diversity, and community assembly mechanisms significantly differ between glacier riparian wetlands and their adjacent alpine meadows. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1063027. [PMID: 36569049 PMCID: PMC9772447 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1063027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming can trigger dramatic glacier area shrinkage and change the flux of glacial runoff, leading to the expansion and subsequent retreat of riparian wetlands. This elicits the interconversion of riparian wetlands and their adjacent ecosystems (e.g., alpine meadows), probably significantly impacting ecosystem nitrogen input by changing soil diazotrophic communities. However, the soil diazotrophic community differences between glacial riparian wetlands and their adjacent ecosystems remain largely unexplored. Here, soils were collected from riparian wetlands and their adjacent alpine meadows at six locations from glacier foreland to lake mouth along a typical Tibetan glacial river in the Namtso watershed. The abundance and diversity of soil diazotrophs were determined by real-time PCR and amplicon sequencing based on nifH gene. The soil diazotrophic community assembly mechanisms were analyzed via iCAMP, a recently developed null model-based method. The results showed that compared with the riparian wetlands, the abundance and diversity of the diazotrophs in the alpine meadow soils significantly decreased. The soil diazotrophic community profiles also significantly differed between the riparian wetlands and alpine meadows. For example, compared with the alpine meadows, the relative abundance of chemoheterotrophic and sulfate-respiration diazotrophs was significantly higher in the riparian wetland soils. In contrast, the diazotrophs related to ureolysis, photoautotrophy, and denitrification were significantly enriched in the alpine meadow soils. The iCAMP analysis showed that the assembly of soil diazotrophic community was mainly controlled by drift and dispersal limitation. Compared with the riparian wetlands, the assembly of the alpine meadow soil diazotrophic community was more affected by dispersal limitation and homogeneous selection. These findings suggest that the conversion of riparian wetlands and alpine meadows can significantly alter soil diazotrophic community and probably the ecosystem nitrogen input mechanisms, highlighting the enormous effects of climate change on alpine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhong Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Haiyan Hou
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Shutong Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhe Pang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinming Hu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Kai Xue
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqing Du
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyong Cui
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rongxiao Che
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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