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Wang M, Graner AN, Knowles B, McRae C, Fringuello A, Paucek P, Gavrilovic M, Redwine M, Hanson C, Coughlan C, Grimaldo-Garcia S, Metzger B, Bolus V, Kopper TJ, Smith M, Zhou W, Lenz M, Abosch A, Ojemann S, Lillehei KO, Yu X, Graner MW. Differential Effects of Extracellular Vesicles from Two Different Glioblastomas on Normal Human Brain Cells. Neurol Int 2024; 16:1355-1384. [PMID: 39585062 PMCID: PMC11587087 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint16060103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2024] [Revised: 10/23/2024] [Accepted: 11/01/2024] [Indexed: 11/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Glioblastomas (GBMs) are dreadful brain tumors with abysmal survival outcomes. GBM extracellular vesicles (EVs) dramatically affect normal brain cells (largely astrocytes) constituting the tumor microenvironment (TME). We asked if EVs from different GBM patient-derived spheroid lines would differentially alter recipient brain cell phenotypes. This turned out to be the case, with the net outcome of treatment with GBM EVs nonetheless converging on increased tumorigenicity. Methods: GBM spheroids and brain slices were derived from neurosurgical patient tissues following informed consent. Astrocytes were commercially obtained. EVs were isolated from conditioned culture media by ultrafiltration, concentration, and ultracentrifugation. EVs were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, electron microscopy, biochemical markers, and proteomics. Astrocytes/brain tissues were treated with GBM EVs before downstream analyses. Results: EVs from different GBMs induced brain cells to alter secretomes with pro-inflammatory or TME-modifying (proteolytic) effects. Astrocyte responses ranged from anti-viral gene/protein expression and cytokine release to altered extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) signaling pathways, and conditioned media from EV-treated cells increased GBM cell proliferation. Conclusions: Astrocytes/brain slices treated with different GBM EVs underwent non-identical changes in various omics readouts and other assays, indicating "personalized" tumor-specific GBM EV effects on the TME. This raises concern regarding reliance on "model" systems as a sole basis for translational direction. Nonetheless, net downstream impacts from differential cellular and TME effects still led to increased tumorigenic capacities for the different GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.W.); (A.N.G.); (B.K.); (C.M.); (A.F.); (P.P.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (C.H.); (S.G.-G.); (B.M.); (V.B.); (T.J.K.); (M.S.); (W.Z.); (M.L.); (S.O.); (K.O.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Arin N. Graner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.W.); (A.N.G.); (B.K.); (C.M.); (A.F.); (P.P.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (C.H.); (S.G.-G.); (B.M.); (V.B.); (T.J.K.); (M.S.); (W.Z.); (M.L.); (S.O.); (K.O.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Bryne Knowles
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.W.); (A.N.G.); (B.K.); (C.M.); (A.F.); (P.P.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (C.H.); (S.G.-G.); (B.M.); (V.B.); (T.J.K.); (M.S.); (W.Z.); (M.L.); (S.O.); (K.O.L.); (X.Y.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Charlotte McRae
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.W.); (A.N.G.); (B.K.); (C.M.); (A.F.); (P.P.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (C.H.); (S.G.-G.); (B.M.); (V.B.); (T.J.K.); (M.S.); (W.Z.); (M.L.); (S.O.); (K.O.L.); (X.Y.)
- Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Anthony Fringuello
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.W.); (A.N.G.); (B.K.); (C.M.); (A.F.); (P.P.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (C.H.); (S.G.-G.); (B.M.); (V.B.); (T.J.K.); (M.S.); (W.Z.); (M.L.); (S.O.); (K.O.L.); (X.Y.)
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, NY 11203, USA
| | - Petr Paucek
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.W.); (A.N.G.); (B.K.); (C.M.); (A.F.); (P.P.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (C.H.); (S.G.-G.); (B.M.); (V.B.); (T.J.K.); (M.S.); (W.Z.); (M.L.); (S.O.); (K.O.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Michael Gavrilovic
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.W.); (A.N.G.); (B.K.); (C.M.); (A.F.); (P.P.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (C.H.); (S.G.-G.); (B.M.); (V.B.); (T.J.K.); (M.S.); (W.Z.); (M.L.); (S.O.); (K.O.L.); (X.Y.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Regis University, Denver, CO 80221, USA
- St Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - McKenna Redwine
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.W.); (A.N.G.); (B.K.); (C.M.); (A.F.); (P.P.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (C.H.); (S.G.-G.); (B.M.); (V.B.); (T.J.K.); (M.S.); (W.Z.); (M.L.); (S.O.); (K.O.L.); (X.Y.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Regis University, Denver, CO 80221, USA
| | - Caleb Hanson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.W.); (A.N.G.); (B.K.); (C.M.); (A.F.); (P.P.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (C.H.); (S.G.-G.); (B.M.); (V.B.); (T.J.K.); (M.S.); (W.Z.); (M.L.); (S.O.); (K.O.L.); (X.Y.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Regis University, Denver, CO 80221, USA
| | - Christina Coughlan
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Stacey Grimaldo-Garcia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.W.); (A.N.G.); (B.K.); (C.M.); (A.F.); (P.P.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (C.H.); (S.G.-G.); (B.M.); (V.B.); (T.J.K.); (M.S.); (W.Z.); (M.L.); (S.O.); (K.O.L.); (X.Y.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT 05753, USA
| | - Brooke Metzger
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.W.); (A.N.G.); (B.K.); (C.M.); (A.F.); (P.P.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (C.H.); (S.G.-G.); (B.M.); (V.B.); (T.J.K.); (M.S.); (W.Z.); (M.L.); (S.O.); (K.O.L.); (X.Y.)
- Occupational Therapy, Illinois College, Jacksonville, IL 62650, USA
- Neuroscience, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Vince Bolus
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.W.); (A.N.G.); (B.K.); (C.M.); (A.F.); (P.P.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (C.H.); (S.G.-G.); (B.M.); (V.B.); (T.J.K.); (M.S.); (W.Z.); (M.L.); (S.O.); (K.O.L.); (X.Y.)
- Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Timothy J. Kopper
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.W.); (A.N.G.); (B.K.); (C.M.); (A.F.); (P.P.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (C.H.); (S.G.-G.); (B.M.); (V.B.); (T.J.K.); (M.S.); (W.Z.); (M.L.); (S.O.); (K.O.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Marie Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.W.); (A.N.G.); (B.K.); (C.M.); (A.F.); (P.P.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (C.H.); (S.G.-G.); (B.M.); (V.B.); (T.J.K.); (M.S.); (W.Z.); (M.L.); (S.O.); (K.O.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Wenbo Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.W.); (A.N.G.); (B.K.); (C.M.); (A.F.); (P.P.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (C.H.); (S.G.-G.); (B.M.); (V.B.); (T.J.K.); (M.S.); (W.Z.); (M.L.); (S.O.); (K.O.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Morgan Lenz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.W.); (A.N.G.); (B.K.); (C.M.); (A.F.); (P.P.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (C.H.); (S.G.-G.); (B.M.); (V.B.); (T.J.K.); (M.S.); (W.Z.); (M.L.); (S.O.); (K.O.L.); (X.Y.)
- Occupational Therapy, Illinois College, Jacksonville, IL 62650, USA
| | - Aviva Abosch
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Steven Ojemann
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.W.); (A.N.G.); (B.K.); (C.M.); (A.F.); (P.P.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (C.H.); (S.G.-G.); (B.M.); (V.B.); (T.J.K.); (M.S.); (W.Z.); (M.L.); (S.O.); (K.O.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Kevin O. Lillehei
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.W.); (A.N.G.); (B.K.); (C.M.); (A.F.); (P.P.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (C.H.); (S.G.-G.); (B.M.); (V.B.); (T.J.K.); (M.S.); (W.Z.); (M.L.); (S.O.); (K.O.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.W.); (A.N.G.); (B.K.); (C.M.); (A.F.); (P.P.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (C.H.); (S.G.-G.); (B.M.); (V.B.); (T.J.K.); (M.S.); (W.Z.); (M.L.); (S.O.); (K.O.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Michael W. Graner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.W.); (A.N.G.); (B.K.); (C.M.); (A.F.); (P.P.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (C.H.); (S.G.-G.); (B.M.); (V.B.); (T.J.K.); (M.S.); (W.Z.); (M.L.); (S.O.); (K.O.L.); (X.Y.)
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Zhang L, Wang Y, Cai X, Mao X, Sun H. Deciphering the CNS-glioma dialogue: Advanced insights into CNS-glioma communication pathways and their therapeutic potential. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2024; 16:11795735241292188. [PMID: 39493257 PMCID: PMC11528668 DOI: 10.1177/11795735241292188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The field of cancer neuroscience has rapidly evolved, shedding light on the complex interplay between the nervous system and cancer, with a particular focus on the relationship between the central nervous system (CNS) and gliomas. Recent advancements have underscored the critical influence of CNS activity on glioma progression, emphasizing the roles of neurons and neuroglial cells in both the onset and evolution of gliomas. This review meticulously explores the primary communication pathways between the CNS and gliomas, encompassing neuro-glioma synapses, paracrine mechanisms, extracellular vesicles, tunneling nanotubes, and the integrative CNS-immune-glioma axis. It also evaluates current and emerging therapeutic interventions aimed at these pathways and proposes forward-looking perspectives for research in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital and the Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital and the Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxi Cai
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital and the Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyuan Mao
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital and the Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital and the Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Cela I, Capone E, Trevisi G, Sala G. Extracellular vesicles in glioblastoma: Biomarkers and therapeutic tools. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 101:25-43. [PMID: 38754752 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive tumor among the gliomas and intracranial tumors and to date prognosis for GBM patients remains poor, with a median survival typically measured in months to a few years depending on various factors. Although standardized therapies are routinely employed, it is clear that these strategies are unable to cope with heterogeneity and invasiveness of GBM. Furthermore, diagnosis and monitoring of responses to therapies are directly dependent on tissue biopsies or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. From this point of view, liquid biopsies are arising as key sources of a variety of biomarkers with the advantage of being easily accessible and monitorable. In this context, extracellular vesicles (EVs), physiologically shed into body fluids by virtually all cells, are gaining increasing interest both as natural carriers of biomarkers and as specific signatures even for GBM. What makes these vesicles particularly attractive is they are also emerging as therapeutical vehicles to treat GBM given their native ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here, we reviewed recent advances on the use of EVs as biomarker for liquid biopsy and nanocarriers for targeted delivery of anticancer drugs in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cela
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Emily Capone
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gianluca Trevisi
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Neurosurgical Unit, Santo Spirito Hospital, Pescara 65121, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sala
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
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Schuster M, Braun FK, Chiang DML, Ludwig C, Meng C, Grätz C, Kirchner B, Proescholdt M, Hau P, Steinlein OK, Pfaffl MW, Riemenschneider MJ, Reithmair M. Extracellular vesicles secreted by 3D tumor organoids are enriched for immune regulatory signaling biomolecules compared to conventional 2D glioblastoma cell systems. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1388769. [PMID: 38726003 PMCID: PMC11079215 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1388769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Newer 3D culturing approaches are a promising way to better mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment and to study the interactions between the heterogeneous cell populations of glioblastoma multiforme. Like many other tumors, glioblastoma uses extracellular vesicles as an intercellular communication system to prepare surrounding tissue for invasive tumor growth. However, little is known about the effects of 3D culture on extracellular vesicles. The aim of this study was to comprehensively characterize extracellular vesicles in 3D organoid models and compare them to conventional 2D cell culture systems. Methods Primary glioblastoma cells were cultured as 2D and 3D organoid models. Extracellular vesicles were obtained by precipitation and immunoaffinity, with the latter allowing targeted isolation of the CD9/CD63/CD81 vesicle subpopulation. Comprehensive vesicle characterization was performed and miRNA expression profiles were generated by smallRNA-sequencing. In silico analysis of differentially regulated miRNAs was performed to identify mRNA targets and corresponding signaling pathways. The tumor cell media and extracellular vesicle proteome were analyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Results We observed an increased concentration of extracellular vesicles in 3D organoid cultures. Differential gene expression analysis further revealed the regulation of twelve miRNAs in 3D tumor organoid cultures (with nine miRNAs down and three miRNAs upregulated). MiR-23a-3p, known to be involved in glioblastoma invasion, was significantly increased in 3D. MiR-7-5p, which counteracts glioblastoma malignancy, was significantly decreased. Moreover, we identified four miRNAs (miR-323a-3p, miR-382-5p, miR-370-3p, miR-134-5p) located within the DLK1-DIO3 domain, a cancer-associated genomic region, suggesting a possible importance of this region in glioblastoma progression. Overrepresentation analysis identified alterations of extracellular vesicle cargo in 3D organoids, including representation of several miRNA targets and proteins primarily implicated in the immune response. Conclusion Our results show that 3D glioblastoma organoid models secrete extracellular vesicles with an altered cargo compared to corresponding conventional 2D cultures. Extracellular vesicles from 3D cultures were found to contain signaling molecules associated with the immune regulatory signaling pathways and as such could potentially change the surrounding microenvironment towards tumor progression and immunosuppressive conditions. These findings suggest the use of 3D glioblastoma models for further clinical biomarker studies as well as investigation of new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Schuster
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank K. Braun
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dapi Meng-Lin Chiang
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Christina Ludwig
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Chen Meng
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Christian Grätz
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kirchner
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Proescholdt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hau
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander Neuro-Oncology Unit, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ortrud K. Steinlein
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael W. Pfaffl
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Marlene Reithmair
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Wang M, Graner AN, Knowles B, McRae C, Fringuello A, Paucek P, Gavrilovic M, Redwine M, Hanson C, Coughlan C, Metzger B, Bolus V, Kopper T, Smith M, Zhou W, Lenz M, Abosch A, Ojemann S, Lillehei KO, Yu X, Graner MW. A tale of two tumors: differential, but detrimental, effects of glioblastoma extracellular vesicles (EVs) on normal human brain cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.08.588622. [PMID: 38645117 PMCID: PMC11030303 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.08.588622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are dreadful brain tumors with abysmal survival outcomes. GBM EVs dramatically affect normal brain cells (largely astrocytes) constituting the tumor microenvironment (TME). EVs from different patient-derived GBM spheroids induced differential transcriptomic, secretomic, and proteomic effects on cultured astrocytes/brain tissue slices as GBM EV recipients. The net outcome of brain cell differential changes nonetheless converges on increased tumorigenicity. GBM spheroids and brain slices were derived from neurosurgical patient tissues following informed consent. Astrocytes were commercially obtained. EVs were isolated from conditioned culture media by ultrafiltration, ultraconcentration, and ultracentrifugation. EVs were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, electron microscopy, biochemical markers, and proteomics. Astrocytes/brain tissues were treated with GBM EVs before downstream analyses. EVs from different GBMs induced brain cells to alter secretomes with pro-inflammatory or TME-modifying (proteolytic) effects. Astrocyte responses ranged from anti-viral gene/protein expression and cytokine release to altered extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) signaling pathways, and conditioned media from EV-treated cells increased GBM cell proliferation. Thus, astrocytes/brain slices treated with different GBM EVs underwent non-identical changes in various 'omics readouts and other assays, indicating "personalized" tumor-specific GBM EV effects on the TME. This raises concern regarding reliance on "model" systems as a sole basis for translational direction. Nonetheless, net downstream impacts from differential cellular and TME effects still led to increased tumorigenic capacities for the different GBMs.
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Coughlan C, Lindenberger J, Jacot JG, Johnson NR, Anton P, Bevers S, Welty R, Graner MW, Potter H. Specific Binding of Alzheimer's Aβ Peptides to Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3703. [PMID: 38612514 PMCID: PMC11011551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the fifth leading cause of death among adults aged 65 and older, yet the onset and progression of the disease is poorly understood. What is known is that the presence of amyloid, particularly polymerized Aβ42, defines when people are on the AD continuum. Interestingly, as AD progresses, less Aβ42 is detectable in the plasma, a phenomenon thought to result from Aβ becoming more aggregated in the brain and less Aβ42 and Aβ40 being transported from the brain to the plasma via the CSF. We propose that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a role in this transport. EVs are found in bodily fluids such as blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid and carry diverse "cargos" of bioactive molecules (e.g., proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, metabolites) that dynamically reflect changes in the cells from which they are secreted. While Aβ42 and Aβ40 have been reported to be present in EVs, it is not known whether this interaction is specific for these peptides and thus whether amyloid-carrying EVs play a role in AD and/or serve as brain-specific biomarkers of the AD process. To determine if there is a specific interaction between Aβ and EVs, we used isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and discovered that Aβ42 and Aβ40 bind to EVs in a manner that is sequence specific, saturable, and endothermic. In addition, Aβ incubation with EVs overnight yielded larger amounts of bound Aβ peptide that was fibrillar in structure. These findings point to a specific amyloid-EV interaction, a potential role for EVs in the transport of amyloid from the brain to the blood, and a role for this amyloid pool in the AD process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Coughlan
- University of Colorado Alzheimer’s and Cognition Center (CUACC), Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome (LCI), Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA (H.P.)
| | - Jared Lindenberger
- Structural Biology and Biophysics Core, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA (R.W.)
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, 2 Genome Ct., Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jeffrey G. Jacot
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Noah R. Johnson
- University of Colorado Alzheimer’s and Cognition Center (CUACC), Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome (LCI), Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA (H.P.)
| | - Paige Anton
- University of Colorado Alzheimer’s and Cognition Center (CUACC), Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome (LCI), Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA (H.P.)
| | - Shaun Bevers
- Structural Biology and Biophysics Core, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA (R.W.)
| | - Robb Welty
- Structural Biology and Biophysics Core, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA (R.W.)
| | - Michael W. Graner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Huntington Potter
- University of Colorado Alzheimer’s and Cognition Center (CUACC), Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome (LCI), Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA (H.P.)
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