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Samardak K, Bâcle J, Moriel-Carretero M. Behind the stoNE wall: A fervent activity for nuclear lipids. Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00179-2. [PMID: 39111564 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
The four main types of biomolecules are nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. The knowledge about their respective interactions is as important as the individual understanding of each of them. However, while, for example, the interaction of proteins with the other three groups is extensively studied, that of nucleic acids and lipids is, in comparison, very poorly explored. An iconic paradigm of physical (and likely functional) proximity between DNA and lipids is the case of the genomic DNA in eukaryotes: enclosed within the nucleus by two concentric lipid bilayers, the wealth of implications of this interaction, for example in genome stability, remains underassessed. Nuclear lipid-related phenotypes have been observed for 50 years, yet in most cases kept as mere anecdotical descriptions. In this review, we will bring together the evidence connecting lipids with both the nuclear envelope and the nucleoplasm, and will make critical analyses of these descriptions. Our exploration establishes a scenario in which lipids irrefutably play a role in nuclear homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya Samardak
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM) UMR5237, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Janélie Bâcle
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM) UMR5237, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - María Moriel-Carretero
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM) UMR5237, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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2
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Zhuang Y, Guo X, Razorenova OV, Miles CE, Zhao W, Shi X. Coaching ribosome biogenesis from the nuclear periphery. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.21.597078. [PMID: 38948754 PMCID: PMC11212990 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.21.597078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Severe invagination of the nuclear envelope is a hallmark of cancers, aging, neurodegeneration, and infections. However, the outcomes of nuclear invagination remain unclear. This work identified a new function of nuclear invagination: regulating ribosome biogenesis. With expansion microscopy, we observed frequent physical contact between nuclear invaginations and nucleoli. Surprisingly, the higher the invagination curvature, the more ribosomal RNA and pre-ribosomes are made in the contacted nucleolus. By growing cells on nanopillars that generate nuclear invaginations with desired curvatures, we can increase and decrease ribosome biogenesis. Based on this causation, we repressed the ribosome levels in breast cancer and progeria cells by growing cells on low-curvature nanopillars, indicating that overactivated ribosome biogenesis can be rescued by reshaping nuclei. Mechanistically, high-curvature nuclear invaginations reduce heterochromatin and enrich nuclear pore complexes, which promote ribosome biogenesis. We anticipate that our findings will serve as a foundation for further studies on nuclear deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Zhuang
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine; Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Xiangfu Guo
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Olga V. Razorenova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine; Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Christopher E. Miles
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine; Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Wenting Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine; Irvine, CA 92697, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine; Irvine, CA 92697, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine; Irvine, CA 92697, United States
- Lead contact
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3
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Willemin A, Szabó D, Pombo A. Epigenetic regulatory layers in the 3D nucleus. Mol Cell 2024; 84:415-428. [PMID: 38242127 PMCID: PMC10872226 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Nearly 7 decades have elapsed since Francis Crick introduced the central dogma of molecular biology, as part of his ideas on protein synthesis, setting the fundamental rules of sequence information transfer from DNA to RNAs and proteins. We have since learned that gene expression is finely tuned in time and space, due to the activities of RNAs and proteins on regulatory DNA elements, and through cell-type-specific three-dimensional conformations of the genome. Here, we review major advances in genome biology and discuss a set of ideas on gene regulation and highlight how various biomolecular assemblies lead to the formation of structural and regulatory features within the nucleus, with roles in transcriptional control. We conclude by suggesting further developments that will help capture the complex, dynamic, and often spatially restricted events that govern gene expression in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Willemin
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Epigenetic Regulation and Chromatin Architecture Group, Berlin, Germany; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute for Biology, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dominik Szabó
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Epigenetic Regulation and Chromatin Architecture Group, Berlin, Germany; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute for Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana Pombo
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Epigenetic Regulation and Chromatin Architecture Group, Berlin, Germany; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute for Biology, Berlin, Germany.
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4
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Lee GE, Byun J, Lee CJ, Cho YY. Molecular Mechanisms for the Regulation of Nuclear Membrane Integrity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15497. [PMID: 37895175 PMCID: PMC10607757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear membrane serves a critical role in protecting the contents of the nucleus and facilitating material and signal exchange between the nucleus and cytoplasm. While extensive research has been dedicated to topics such as nuclear membrane assembly and disassembly during cell division, as well as interactions between nuclear transmembrane proteins and both nucleoskeletal and cytoskeletal components, there has been comparatively less emphasis on exploring the regulation of nuclear morphology through nuclear membrane integrity. In particular, the role of type II integral proteins, which also function as transcription factors, within the nuclear membrane remains an area of research that is yet to be fully explored. The integrity of the nuclear membrane is pivotal not only during cell division but also in the regulation of gene expression and the communication between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Importantly, it plays a significant role in the development of various diseases. This review paper seeks to illuminate the biomolecules responsible for maintaining the integrity of the nuclear membrane. It will delve into the mechanisms that influence nuclear membrane integrity and provide insights into the role of type II membrane protein transcription factors in this context. Understanding these aspects is of utmost importance, as it can offer valuable insights into the intricate processes governing nuclear membrane integrity. Such insights have broad-reaching implications for cellular function and our understanding of disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Eun Lee
- BK21-4th, and BRL, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43, Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si 14662, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (G.-E.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Jiin Byun
- BK21-4th, and BRL, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43, Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si 14662, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (G.-E.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Cheol-Jung Lee
- Research Center for Materials Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Yeon Cho
- BK21-4th, and BRL, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43, Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si 14662, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (G.-E.L.); (J.B.)
- RCD Control and Material Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, 43, Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si 14662, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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5
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Kozlowski P. Thirty Years with ERH: An mRNA Splicing and Mitosis Factor Only or Rather a Novel Genome Integrity Protector? Cells 2023; 12:2449. [PMID: 37887293 PMCID: PMC10605862 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
ERH is a 100 to about 110 aa nuclear protein with unique primary and three-dimensional structures that are very conserved from simple eukaryotes to humans, albeit some species have lost its gene, with most higher fungi being a noteworthy example. Initially, studies on Drosophila melanogaster implied its function in pyrimidine metabolism. Subsequently, research on Xenopus laevis suggested that it acts as a transcriptional repressor. Finally, studies in humans pointed to a role in pre-mRNA splicing and in mitosis but further research, also in Caenorhabditis elegans and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, demonstrated its much broader activity, namely involvement in the biogenesis of mRNA, and miRNA, piRNA and some other ncRNAs, and in repressive heterochromatin formation. ERH interacts with numerous, mostly taxon-specific proteins, like Mmi1 and Mei2 in S. pombe, PID-3/PICS-1, TOST-1 and PID-1 in C. elegans, and DGCR8, CIZ1, PDIP46/SKAR and SAFB1/2 in humans. There are, however, some common themes in this wide range of processes and partners, such as: (a) ERH homodimerizes to form a scaffold for several complexes involved in the metabolism of nucleic acids, (b) all these RNAs are RNA polymerase II transcripts, (c) pre-mRNAs, whose splicing depends on ERH, are enriched in transcripts of DNA damage response and DNA metabolism genes, and (d) heterochromatin is formed to silence unwanted transcription, e.g., from repetitive elements. Thus, it seems that ERH has been adopted for various pathways that serve to maintain genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kozlowski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
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6
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Coscarella IL, Landim-Vieira M, Rastegarpouyani H, Chase PB, Irianto J, Pinto JR. Nucleus Mechanosensing in Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13341. [PMID: 37686151 PMCID: PMC10487505 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac muscle contraction is distinct from the contraction of other muscle types. The heart continuously undergoes contraction-relaxation cycles throughout an animal's lifespan. It must respond to constantly varying physical and energetic burdens over the short term on a beat-to-beat basis and relies on different mechanisms over the long term. Muscle contractility is based on actin and myosin interactions that are regulated by cytoplasmic calcium ions. Genetic variants of sarcomeric proteins can lead to the pathophysiological development of cardiac dysfunction. The sarcomere is physically connected to other cytoskeletal components. Actin filaments, microtubules and desmin proteins are responsible for these interactions. Therefore, mechanical as well as biochemical signals from sarcomeric contractions are transmitted to and sensed by other parts of the cardiomyocyte, particularly the nucleus which can respond to these stimuli. Proteins anchored to the nuclear envelope display a broad response which remodels the structure of the nucleus. In this review, we examine the central aspects of mechanotransduction in the cardiomyocyte where the transmission of mechanical signals to the nucleus can result in changes in gene expression and nucleus morphology. The correlation of nucleus sensing and dysfunction of sarcomeric proteins may assist the understanding of a wide range of functional responses in the progress of cardiomyopathic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maicon Landim-Vieira
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Hosna Rastegarpouyani
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Institute for Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Prescott Bryant Chase
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Jerome Irianto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Jose Renato Pinto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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7
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Reis LR, Souza Junior DR, Tomasin R, Bruni-Cardoso A, Di Mascio P, Ronsein GE. Citrullination of actin-ligand and nuclear structural proteins, cytoskeleton reorganization and protein redistribution across cellular fractions are early events in ionomycin-induced NETosis. Redox Biol 2023; 64:102784. [PMID: 37356135 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are web-like structures of DNA coated with cytotoxic proteins and histones released by activated neutrophils through a process called NETosis. NETs release occurs through a sequence of highly organized events leading to chromatin expansion and rupture of nuclear and cellular membranes. In calcium ionophore-induced NETosis, the enzyme peptidylargine deiminase 4 (PAD4) mediates chromatin decondensation through histone citrullination, but the biochemical pathways involved in this process are not fully understood. Here we use live-imaging microscopy and proteomic studies of the neutrophil cellular fractions to investigate the early events in ionomycin-triggered NETosis. We found that before ionomycin-stimulated neutrophils release NETs, profound biochemical changes occur in and around their nucleus, such as, cytoskeleton reorganization, nuclear redistribution of actin-remodeling related proteins, and citrullination of actin-ligand and nuclear structural proteins. Ionomycin-stimulated neutrophils rapidly lose their characteristic polymorphic nucleus, and these changes are promptly communicated to the extracellular environment through the secretion of proteins related to immune response. Therefore, our findings revealed key biochemical mediators in the early process that subsequently culminates with nuclear and cell membranes rupture, and extracellular DNA release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenna Rocha Reis
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rebeka Tomasin
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Bruni-Cardoso
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paolo Di Mascio
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Graziella Eliza Ronsein
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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8
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Li M, Li S, Zhang L. Phosphorylation Promotes the Accumulation of PERIOD Protein Foci. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0139. [PMID: 37223461 PMCID: PMC10202380 DOI: 10.34133/research.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Circadian clock drives the 24-h rhythm in our behavior and physiology. The molecular clock consists of a series of transcriptional/translational feedback loops operated by a number of clock genes. A very recent study reported that the clock protein PERIOD (PER) is organized into discrete foci at the nuclear envelope in fly circadian neurons, which is believed to be important for controlling the subcellular localization of clock genes. Loss of inner nuclear membrane protein lamin B receptor (LBR) leads to disruption of these foci, but how they are regulated is yet unknown. Here, we found that PER foci are likely phase-separated condensates, the formation of which is mediated by intrinsically disordered region in PER. Phosphorylation promotes the accumulation of these foci. Protein phosphatase 2A, which is known to dephosphorylate PER, hampers the accumulation of the foci. On the other hand, the circadian kinase DOUBLETIME (DBT) which phosphorylates PER enhances the accumulation of the foci. LBR likely facilitates PER foci accumulation by destabilizing the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A, MICROTUBULE STAR (MTS). In conclusion, here, we demonstrate a key role for phosphorylation in promoting the accumulation of PER foci, while LBR modulates this process by impinging on the circadian phosphatase MTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengna Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Shujing Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- Department of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Luoying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
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9
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Wesley CC, Levy DL. Differentiation-dependent changes in lamin B1 dynamics and lamin B receptor localization. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar10. [PMID: 36598800 PMCID: PMC9930530 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-04-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear lamina serves important roles in chromatin organization and structural support, and lamina mutations can result in laminopathies. Less is known about how nuclear lamina structure changes during cellular differentiation-changes that may influence gene regulation. We examined the structure and dynamics of the nuclear lamina in human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and differentiated germ layer cells, focusing on lamin B1. We report that lamin B1 dynamics generally increase as iPSCs differentiate, especially in mesoderm and ectoderm, and that lamin B receptor (LBR) partially redistributes from the nucleus to cytoplasm in mesoderm. Knocking down LBR in iPSCs led to an increase in lamin B1 dynamics, a change that was not observed for ELYS, emerin, or lamin B2 knockdown. LBR knockdown also affected expression of differentiation markers. These data suggest that differentiation-dependent tethering of lamin B1 either directly by LBR or indirectly via LBR-chromatin associations impacts gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase C. Wesley
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - Daniel L. Levy
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071,*Address correspondence to: Daniel L. Levy ()
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10
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Shen X, Li Z, Pan X, Yao J, Shen G, Zhang S, Dong M, Fan L. Prenatal diagnosis of recurrent moderate skeletal dysplasias in lamin B receptors. Front Genet 2023; 13:1020475. [PMID: 36712868 PMCID: PMC9883016 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1020475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The lamin B receptor (LBR) gene is located in chromosome 1q42.12 and encodes the lamin B receptor, an intracellular protein that binds to lamin B. LBR mutations are associated with a broad phenotypic spectrum ranging from non-lethal to lethal skeletal dysplasias. The typical phenotypes include the Pelger-Huet anomaly (PHA) and embryonic lethal Greenberg dysplasia (GRBGD). With the further study of this gene, other phenotypes have been found in different individuals. This retrospective study analyzed recurrent prenatal moderate skeletal dysplasias in Chinese fetuses. Nothing malformed was detected in the fetal karyotype and microarray, while the whole-exome sequencing identified a homozygous variant (NM_002296.4:c.1757G>A, NP_002287.2:p.Arg586His) in exon 14 of the LBR gene in both fetuses. Mutation analysis in the parents confirmed that the c.1757G>A variation is heterozygous by Sanger sequencing. Intensive analysis on bioinformatics and familial co-segregation suggest that the homozygous variation in the LBR gene is responsible for this recurrent prenatal moderate skeletal dysplasia. Moreover, moderate skeletal dysplasias differ from typical GRBGD phenotypes. Our findings are based on the DNA base test and the prenatal diagnosis of skeletal dysplasia, which can be helpful in proper phenotyping and contribute to a better understanding of the correlation between the phenotype and genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Shen
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Huzhou Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Huzhou Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Xuekui Pan
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Huzhou Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Juan Yao
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Huzhou Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Guosong Shen
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Huzhou Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Su Zhang
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Huzhou Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Minyue Dong
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Fan
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Huzhou Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Huzhou, China
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11
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Archambault V, Li J, Emond-Fraser V, Larouche M. Dephosphorylation in nuclear reassembly after mitosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1012768. [PMID: 36268509 PMCID: PMC9576876 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1012768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In most animal cell types, the interphase nucleus is largely disassembled during mitotic entry. The nuclear envelope breaks down and chromosomes are compacted into separated masses. Chromatin organization is also mostly lost and kinetochores assemble on centromeres. Mitotic protein kinases play several roles in inducing these transformations by phosphorylating multiple effector proteins. In many of these events, the mechanistic consequences of phosphorylation have been characterized. In comparison, how the nucleus reassembles at the end of mitosis is less well understood in mechanistic terms. In recent years, much progress has been made in deciphering how dephosphorylation of several effector proteins promotes nuclear envelope reassembly, chromosome decondensation, kinetochore disassembly and interphase chromatin organization. The precise roles of protein phosphatases in this process, in particular of the PP1 and PP2A groups, are emerging. Moreover, how these enzymes are temporally and spatially regulated to ensure that nuclear reassembly progresses in a coordinated manner has been partly uncovered. This review provides a global view of nuclear reassembly with a focus on the roles of dephosphorylation events. It also identifies important open questions and proposes hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Archambault
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Vincent Archambault,
| | - Jingjing Li
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Virginie Emond-Fraser
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Myreille Larouche
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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12
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Borah S, Dhanasekaran K, Kumar S. The LEM-ESCRT toolkit: Repair and maintenance of the nucleus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:989217. [PMID: 36172278 PMCID: PMC9512039 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.989217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic genome is enclosed in a nuclear envelope that protects it from potentially damaging cellular activities and physically segregates transcription and translation.Transport across the NE is highly regulated and occurs primarily via the macromolecular nuclear pore complexes.Loss of nuclear compartmentalization due to defects in NPC function and NE integrity are tied to neurological and ageing disorders like Alzheimer’s, viral pathogenesis, immune disorders, and cancer progression.Recent work implicates inner-nuclear membrane proteins of the conserved LEM domain family and the ESCRT machinery in NE reformation during cell division and NE repair upon rupture in migrating cancer cells, and generating seals over defective NPCs. In this review, we discuss the recent in-roads made into defining the molecular mechanisms and biochemical networks engaged by LEM and many other integral inner nuclear membrane proteins to preserve the nuclear barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapan Borah
- National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- *Correspondence: Sapan Borah, ; Karthigeyan Dhanasekaran, ; Santosh Kumar,
| | - Karthigeyan Dhanasekaran
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- *Correspondence: Sapan Borah, ; Karthigeyan Dhanasekaran, ; Santosh Kumar,
| | - Santosh Kumar
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- *Correspondence: Sapan Borah, ; Karthigeyan Dhanasekaran, ; Santosh Kumar,
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13
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Li Y, Chen M, Chang W. Roles of the nucleus in leukocyte migration. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:771-783. [PMID: 35916042 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1mr0622-473rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocytes patrol our bodies in search of pathogens and migrate to sites of injury in response to various stimuli. Rapid and directed leukocyte motility is therefore crucial to our immunity. The nucleus is the largest and stiffest cellular organelle and a mechanical obstacle for migration through constrictions. However, the nucleus is also essential for 3D cell migration. Here, we review the roles of the nucleus in leukocyte migration, focusing on how cells deform their nuclei to aid cell motility and the contributions of the nucleus to cell migration. We discuss the regulation of the nuclear biomechanics by the nuclear lamina and how it, together with the cytoskeleton, modulates the shapes of leukocyte nuclei. We then summarize the functions of nesprins and SUN proteins in leukocytes and discuss how forces are exerted on the nucleus. Finally, we examine the mechanical roles of the nucleus in cell migration, including its roles in regulating the direction of migration and path selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Mengqi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Wakam Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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14
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Knockdown of Lamin B1 and the Corresponding Lamin B Receptor Leads to Changes in Heterochromatin State and Senescence Induction in Malignant Melanoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142154. [PMID: 35883595 PMCID: PMC9321645 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Modifications in nuclear structures of cells are implicated in several diseases including cancer. They result in changes in nuclear activity, structural dynamics and cell signalling. However, the role of the nuclear lamina and related proteins in malignant melanoma is still unknown. Its molecular characterisation might lead to a deeper understanding and the development of new therapy approaches. In this study, we analysed the functional effects of dysregulated nuclear lamin B1 (LMNB1) and its nuclear receptor (LBR). According to their cellular localisation and function, we revealed that these genes are crucially involved in nuclear processes like chromatin organisation. RNA sequencing and differential gene expression analysis after knockdown of LMNB1 and LBR revealed their implication in important cellular processes driving ER stress leading to senescence and changes in chromatin state, which were also experimentally validated. We determined that melanoma cells need both molecules independently to prevent senescence. Hence, downregulation of both molecules in a BRAFV600E melanocytic senescence model as well as in etoposide-treated melanoma cells indicates both as potential senescence markers in melanoma. Our findings suggest that LMNB1 and LBR influence senescence and affect nuclear processes like chromatin condensation and thus are functionally relevant for melanoma progression.
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15
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Nikolakaki E, Sigala I, Giannakouros T. Good Cop, Bad Cop: The Different Roles of SRPKs. Front Genet 2022; 13:902718. [PMID: 35719374 PMCID: PMC9202992 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.902718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SR Protein Kinases (SRPKs), discovered approximately 30 years ago, are widely known as splice factor kinases due to their decisive involvement in the regulation of various steps of mRNA splicing. However, they were also shown to regulate diverse cellular activities by phosphorylation of serine residues residing in serine-arginine/arginine-serine dipeptide motifs. Over the last decade, SRPK1 has been reported as both tumor suppressor and promoter, depending on the cellular context and has been implicated in both chemotherapy sensitivity and resistance. Moreover, SRPK2 has been reported to exhibit contradictory functions in different cell contexts promoting either apoptosis or tumor growth. The aim of the current review is to broaden and deepen our understanding of the SRPK function focusing on the subcellular localization of the kinases. There is ample evidence that the balance between cytoplasmic and nuclear SRPK levels is tightly regulated and determines cell response to external signals. Specific cell states coupled to kinase levels, spatial specific interactions with substrates but also changes in the extent of phosphorylation that allow SRPKs to exhibit a rheostat-like control on their substrates, could decide the proliferative or antiproliferative role of SRPKs.
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16
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Dossin F, Heard E. The Molecular and Nuclear Dynamics of X-Chromosome Inactivation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2022; 14:a040196. [PMID: 34312245 PMCID: PMC9121902 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In female eutherian mammals, dosage compensation of X-linked gene expression is achieved during development through transcriptional silencing of one of the two X chromosomes. Following X chromosome inactivation (XCI), the inactive X chromosome remains faithfully silenced throughout somatic cell divisions. XCI is dependent on Xist, a long noncoding RNA that coats and silences the X chromosome from which it is transcribed. Xist coating triggers a cascade of chromosome-wide changes occurring at the levels of transcription, chromatin composition, chromosome structure, and spatial organization within the nucleus. XCI has emerged as a paradigm for the study of such crucial nuclear processes and the dissection of their functional interplay. In the past decade, the advent of tools to characterize and perturb these processes have provided an unprecedented understanding into their roles during XCI. The mechanisms orchestrating the initiation of XCI as well as its maintenance are thus being unraveled, although many questions still remain. Here, we introduce key aspects of the XCI process and review the recent discoveries about its molecular basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Dossin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Director's Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Edith Heard
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Director's Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Mosevitsky MI. Progerin and Its Role in Accelerated and Natural Aging. Mol Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893322020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Evangelisti C, Rusciano I, Mongiorgi S, Ramazzotti G, Lattanzi G, Manzoli L, Cocco L, Ratti S. The wide and growing range of lamin B-related diseases: from laminopathies to cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:126. [PMID: 35132494 PMCID: PMC8821503 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
B-type lamins are fundamental components of the nuclear lamina, a complex structure that acts as a scaffold for organization and function of the nucleus. Lamin B1 and B2, the most represented isoforms, are encoded by LMNB1 and LMNB2 gene, respectively. All B-type lamins are synthesized as precursors and undergo sequential post-translational modifications to generate the mature protein. B-type lamins are involved in a wide range of nuclear functions, including DNA replication and repair, regulation of chromatin and nuclear stiffness. Moreover, lamins B1 and B2 regulate several cellular processes, such as tissue development, cell cycle, cellular proliferation, senescence, and DNA damage response. During embryogenesis, B-type lamins are essential for organogenesis, in particular for brain development. As expected from the numerous and pivotal functions of B-type lamins, mutations in their genes or fluctuations in their expression levels are critical for the onset of several diseases. Indeed, a growing range of human disorders have been linked to lamin B1 or B2, increasing the complexity of the group of diseases collectively known as laminopathies. This review highlights the recent findings on the biological role of B-type lamins under physiological or pathological conditions, with a particular emphasis on brain disorders and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Evangelisti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Isabella Rusciano
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Mongiorgi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Ramazzotti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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19
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The impact of HPV infection on human glycogen and lipid metabolism - a review. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1877:188646. [PMID: 34763025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reinterpretation of the Wartburg effect leads to understanding aerobic glycolysis as a process that provides considerable amount of molecular precursors for the production of lipids, nucleotides and amino acids that are necessary for continuous growth and rapid proliferation characteristic for cancer cells. Human papilloma virus (HPV) is a number one cause of cervical carcinoma with 99% of the cervical cancer patients being HPV positive. This tight link between HPV and cancer raises the question if and how HPV impact cells to reprogram their metabolism? Focusing on early phase proteins E1, E2, E5, E6 and E7 we demonstrate that HPV activates plethora of metabolic pathways and directly influences enzymes of the glycolysis pathway to promote the Warburg effect by increasing glucose uptake, activating glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway, increasing the level of lactate dehydrogenase A synthesis and inhibiting β-oxidation. Our considerations lead to conclusion that HPV is substantially involved in metabolic cell reprogramming toward neoplastic phenotype and its metabolic activity is the fundamental reason of its oncogenicity.
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20
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Hernández-Guzmán C, Gallego-Gutiérrez H, Chávez-Munguía B, Martín-Tapia D, González-Mariscal L. Zonula occludens 2 and Cell-Cell Contacts Are Required for Normal Nuclear Shape in Epithelia. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102568. [PMID: 34685547 PMCID: PMC8534263 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
MAGUK protein ZO-2 is present at tight junctions (TJs) and nuclei. In MDCK ZO-2 knockdown (KD) cells, nuclei exhibit an irregular shape with lobules and indentations. This condition correlates with an increase in DNA double strand breaks, however cells are not senescent and instead become resistant to UV-induced senescence. The irregular nuclear shape is also observed in isolated cells and in those without TJs, due to the lack of extracellular calcium. The aberrant nuclear shape of ZO-2 KD cells is not accompanied by a reduced expression of lamins A/C and B and lamin B receptors. Instead, it involves a decrease in constitutive and facultative heterochromatin, and microtubule instability that is restored with docetaxel. ZO-2 KD cells over-express SUN-1 that crosses the inner nuclear membrane and connects the nucleoskeleton of lamin A to nesprins, which traverse the outer nuclear membrane. Nesprins-3 and -4 that indirectly bind on their cytoplasmic face to vimentin and microtubules, respectively, are also over-expressed in ZO-2 KD cells, whereas vimentin is depleted. SUN-1 and lamin B1 co-immunoprecipitate with ZO-2, and SUN-1 associates to ZO-2 in a pull-down assay. Our results suggest that ZO-2 forms a complex with SUN-1 and lamin B1 at the inner nuclear membrane, and that ZO-2 and cell–cell contacts are required for a normal nuclear shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hernández-Guzmán
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Ave IPN 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (C.H.-G.); (H.G.-G.); (D.M.-T.)
| | - Helios Gallego-Gutiérrez
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Ave IPN 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (C.H.-G.); (H.G.-G.); (D.M.-T.)
| | - Bibiana Chávez-Munguía
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Ave IPN 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Dolores Martín-Tapia
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Ave IPN 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (C.H.-G.); (H.G.-G.); (D.M.-T.)
| | - Lorenza González-Mariscal
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Ave IPN 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (C.H.-G.); (H.G.-G.); (D.M.-T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5747-3966
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21
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Llorens-Giralt P, Camilleri-Robles C, Corominas M, Climent-Cantó P. Chromatin Organization and Function in Drosophila. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092362. [PMID: 34572010 PMCID: PMC8465611 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic genomes are packaged into high-order chromatin structures organized in discrete territories inside the cell nucleus, which is surrounded by the nuclear envelope acting as a barrier. This chromatin organization is complex and dynamic and, thus, determining the spatial and temporal distribution and folding of chromosomes within the nucleus is critical for understanding the role of chromatin topology in genome function. Primarily focusing on the regulation of gene expression, we review here how the genome of Drosophila melanogaster is organized into the cell nucleus, from small scale histone–DNA interactions to chromosome and lamina interactions in the nuclear space.
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22
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Turgut GT, Güleç Ç, Sarac Sivrikoz T, Kale H, Karaman B, Nishimura G, Altunoglu U. Antenatal diagnostic dilemma in a pseudodominant pedigree with lamin-B receptor (LBR)-related regressive spondylometaphyseal dysplasia. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 188:253-258. [PMID: 34467646 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The lamin-B receptor (LBR) encodes a dual-functioning inner nuclear membrane protein essential for cholesterol biosynthesis and chromatin organization. LBR pathogenic variants cause distinct phenotypes due to the dual function of LBR, including Pelger-Huët anomaly (PHA), PHA with mild skeletal anomalies (PHASK; MIM# 618019), LBR-related regressive type of spondylometaphyseal dysplasia (LBR-R-SMD), Greenberg dysplasia (MIM# 215140). We here report the first case with radiological manifestations of LBR-R-SMD in the fetal period, and milder skeletal findings in the similarly affected father. Direct sequencing of LBR revealed homozygous c.1534C>T (p.Arg512Trp) in exon 12 in both affected individuals. Our report further refines the early phenotype in LBR-R-SMD, and demonstrates that the p.Arg512Trp mutation is associated with PHA. We propose that LBR-R-SMD should be considered as a differential diagnosis in pregnancies with sonographic evidence of short and bowed tubular bones with narrow thorax. Evaluating peripheral blood smears of expectant parents for the presence of PHA may lead to a clinical diagnosis, allowing for comprehensive prenatal genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Tutku Turgut
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Çağrı Güleç
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugba Sarac Sivrikoz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hamdi Kale
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Birsen Karaman
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Pediatric Basic Sciences, Institute of Child Health, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Center for Intractable Diseases, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Umut Altunoglu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Medical Genetics, Koc University School of Medicine (KUSOM), Istanbul, Turkey
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23
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Strom AR, Biggs RJ, Banigan EJ, Wang X, Chiu K, Herman C, Collado J, Yue F, Ritland Politz JC, Tait LJ, Scalzo D, Telling A, Groudine M, Brangwynne CP, Marko JF, Stephens AD. HP1α is a chromatin crosslinker that controls nuclear and mitotic chromosome mechanics. eLife 2021; 10:e63972. [PMID: 34106828 PMCID: PMC8233041 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin, which consists of DNA and associated proteins, contains genetic information and is a mechanical component of the nucleus. Heterochromatic histone methylation controls nucleus and chromosome stiffness, but the contribution of heterochromatin protein HP1α (CBX5) is unknown. We used a novel HP1α auxin-inducible degron human cell line to rapidly degrade HP1α. Degradation did not alter transcription, local chromatin compaction, or histone methylation, but did decrease chromatin stiffness. Single-nucleus micromanipulation reveals that HP1α is essential to chromatin-based mechanics and maintains nuclear morphology, separate from histone methylation. Further experiments with dimerization-deficient HP1αI165E indicate that chromatin crosslinking via HP1α dimerization is critical, while polymer simulations demonstrate the importance of chromatin-chromatin crosslinkers in mechanics. In mitotic chromosomes, HP1α similarly bolsters stiffness while aiding in mitotic alignment and faithful segregation. HP1α is therefore a critical chromatin-crosslinking protein that provides mechanical strength to chromosomes and the nucleus throughout the cell cycle and supports cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Strom
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Ronald J Biggs
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern UniversityEvanstonUnited States
| | - Edward J Banigan
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Xiaotao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Katherine Chiu
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstUnited States
| | - Cameron Herman
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern UniversityEvanstonUnited States
| | - Jimena Collado
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern UniversityEvanstonUnited States
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | | | - Leah J Tait
- The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - David Scalzo
- The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Agnes Telling
- The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Mark Groudine
- The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Clifford P Brangwynne
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - John F Marko
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern UniversityEvanstonUnited States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern UniversityEvanstonUnited States
| | - Andrew D Stephens
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstUnited States
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24
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Chen J, Zuo W, Fan Y, Huang S, Liu Y, Chen G, Li Q, Li J, Wu J, Bian Q, Huang C, Lei M. The SUN1-SPDYA interaction plays an essential role in meiosis prophase I. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3176. [PMID: 34039995 PMCID: PMC8155084 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23550-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomes pair and synapse with their homologous partners to segregate correctly at the first meiotic division. Association of telomeres with the LINC (Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton) complex composed of SUN1 and KASH5 enables telomere-led chromosome movements and telomere bouquet formation, facilitating precise pairwise alignment of homologs. Here, we identify a direct interaction between SUN1 and Speedy A (SPDYA) and determine the crystal structure of human SUN1-SPDYA-CDK2 ternary complex. Analysis of meiosis prophase I process in SPDYA-binding-deficient SUN1 mutant mice reveals that the SUN1-SPDYA interaction is required for the telomere-LINC complex connection and the assembly of a ring-shaped telomere supramolecular architecture at the nuclear envelope, which is critical for efficient homologous pairing and synapsis. Overall, our results provide structural insights into meiotic telomere structure that is essential for meiotic prophase I progression. Telomeres attach to the nuclear envelope to facilitate homolog pairing during meiosis prophase I. Here, the authors show that SUN1 and SPDYA interact, and demonstrate that this interaction is important for telomere structure and function, and essential to mice gametogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijia Huang
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangming Chen
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou University, Huzhou Central Hospital, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qing Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinsong Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Bian
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenhui Huang
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ming Lei
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Key laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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25
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Wang F, Wang G, Wu W. Lymphocyte nuclei of nodal marginal zone lymphoma mimicking granulocytic morphology with Pelger-Huët-like features. Pathology 2021; 53:929-930. [PMID: 34049716 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Geng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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26
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Tiago T, Hummel B, Morelli FF, Basile V, Vinet J, Galli V, Mediani L, Antoniani F, Pomella S, Cassandri M, Garone MG, Silvestri B, Cimino M, Cenacchi G, Costa R, Mouly V, Poser I, Yeger-Lotem E, Rosa A, Alberti S, Rota R, Ben-Zvi A, Sawarkar R, Carra S. Small heat-shock protein HSPB3 promotes myogenesis by regulating the lamin B receptor. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:452. [PMID: 33958580 PMCID: PMC8102500 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
One of the critical events that regulates muscle cell differentiation is the replacement of the lamin B receptor (LBR)-tether with the lamin A/C (LMNA)-tether to remodel transcription and induce differentiation-specific genes. Here, we report that localization and activity of the LBR-tether are crucially dependent on the muscle-specific chaperone HSPB3 and that depletion of HSPB3 prevents muscle cell differentiation. We further show that HSPB3 binds to LBR in the nucleoplasm and maintains it in a dynamic state, thus promoting the transcription of myogenic genes, including the genes to remodel the extracellular matrix. Remarkably, HSPB3 overexpression alone is sufficient to induce the differentiation of two human muscle cell lines, LHCNM2 cells, and rhabdomyosarcoma cells. We also show that mutant R116P-HSPB3 from a myopathy patient with chromatin alterations and muscle fiber disorganization, forms nuclear aggregates that immobilize LBR. We find that R116P-HSPB3 is unable to induce myoblast differentiation and instead activates the unfolded protein response. We propose that HSPB3 is a specialized chaperone engaged in muscle cell differentiation and that dysfunctional HSPB3 causes neuromuscular disease by deregulating LBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Tiago
- Centre for Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Barbara Hummel
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Federica F Morelli
- Centre for Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Valentina Basile
- Centre for Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Jonathan Vinet
- Centre for Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Veronica Galli
- Centre for Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Mediani
- Centre for Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Antoniani
- Centre for Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Pomella
- Department of Oncohematology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Cassandri
- Department of Oncohematology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Garone
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Silvestri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cimino
- Centre for Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cenacchi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Centre for Applied Biomedical Research - CRBA, University of Bologna, IRCCS St. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Costa
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Centre for Applied Biomedical Research - CRBA, University of Bologna, IRCCS St. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Ina Poser
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Dewpoint Therapeutics GmbH, Tatzberg 47, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Esti Yeger-Lotem
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Alessandro Rosa
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Simon Alberti
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rossella Rota
- Department of Oncohematology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Anat Ben-Zvi
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Ritwick Sawarkar
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
- Medical Research Council (MRC), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Serena Carra
- Centre for Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy.
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Oda H, Kato S, Ohsumi K, Iwabuchi M. Lamin B receptor-mediated chromatin tethering to the nuclear envelope is detrimental to the Xenopus blastula. J Biochem 2021; 169:313-326. [PMID: 33169160 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, chromatin is tethered to the nuclear envelope (NE), wherein inner nuclear membrane proteins (INMPs) play major roles. However, in Xenopus blastula, chromatin tethering to the NE depends on nuclear filamentous actin that develops in a blastula-specific manner. To investigate whether chromatin tethering operates in the blastula through INMPs, we experimentally introduced INMPs into Xenopus egg extracts that recapitulate nuclear formation in fertilized eggs. When expressed in extracts in which polymerization of actin is inhibited, only lamin B receptor (LBR), among the five INMPs tested, tethered chromatin to the NE, depending on its N2 and N3 domains responsible for chromatin-protein binding. N2-3-deleted LBR did not tether chromatin, although it was localized in the nuclei. We subsequently found that the LBR level was very low in the Xenopus blastula but was elevated after the blastula stage. When the LBR level was precociously elevated in the blastula by injecting LBR mRNA, it induced alterations in nuclear lamina architecture and nuclear morphology and caused DNA damage and abnormal mitotic spindles, depending on the N2-3 domains. These results suggest that LBR-mediated chromatin tethering is circumvented in the Xenopus blastula, as it is detrimental to embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Oda
- Group of Developmental Cell Biology, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Satsuki Kato
- Group of Developmental Cell Biology, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Keita Ohsumi
- Group of Developmental Cell Biology, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Mari Iwabuchi
- Group of Developmental Cell Biology, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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28
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Young AN, Perlas E, Ruiz-Blanes N, Hierholzer A, Pomella N, Martin-Martin B, Liverziani A, Jachowicz JW, Giannakouros T, Cerase A. Deletion of LBR N-terminal domains recapitulates Pelger-Huet anomaly phenotypes in mouse without disrupting X chromosome inactivation. Commun Biol 2021; 4:478. [PMID: 33846535 PMCID: PMC8041748 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01944-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding Lamin B receptor (LBR), a nuclear-membrane protein with sterol reductase activity, have been linked to rare human disorders. Phenotypes range from a benign blood disorder, such as Pelger-Huet anomaly (PHA), affecting the morphology and chromatin organization of white blood cells, to embryonic lethality as for Greenberg dysplasia (GRBGD). Existing PHA mouse models do not fully recapitulate the human phenotypes, hindering efforts to understand the molecular etiology of this disorder. Here we show, using CRISPR/Cas-9 gene editing technology, that a 236bp N-terminal deletion in the mouse Lbr gene, generating a protein missing the N-terminal domains of LBR, presents a superior model of human PHA. Further, we address recent reports of a link between Lbr and defects in X chromosome inactivation (XCI) and show that our mouse mutant displays minor X chromosome inactivation defects that do not lead to any overt phenotypes in vivo. We suggest that our N-terminal deletion model provides a valuable pre-clinical tool to the research community and will aid in further understanding the etiology of PHA and the diverse functions of LBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Neil Young
- EMBL-Rome, Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, Monterotondo (RM), Italy
- Blizard Institute, Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Emerald Perlas
- EMBL-Rome, Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, Monterotondo (RM), Italy
| | - Nerea Ruiz-Blanes
- Blizard Institute, Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Andreas Hierholzer
- EMBL-Rome, Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, Monterotondo (RM), Italy
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Pomella
- Blizard Institute, Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Belen Martin-Martin
- Blizard Institute, Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Joanna W Jachowicz
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Giannakouros
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotelian University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andrea Cerase
- EMBL-Rome, Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, Monterotondo (RM), Italy.
- Blizard Institute, Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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29
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Bizhanova A, Kaufman PD. Close to the edge: Heterochromatin at the nucleolar and nuclear peripheries. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2021; 1864:194666. [PMID: 33307247 PMCID: PMC7855492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin is a dynamic structure composed of DNA, RNA, and proteins, regulating storage and expression of the genetic material in the nucleus. Heterochromatin plays a crucial role in driving the three-dimensional arrangement of the interphase genome, and in preserving genome stability by maintaining a subset of the genome in a silent state. Spatial genome organization contributes to normal patterns of gene function and expression, and is therefore of broad interest. Mammalian heterochromatin, the focus of this review, mainly localizes at the nuclear periphery, forming Lamina-associated domains (LADs), and at the nucleolar periphery, forming Nucleolus-associated domains (NADs). Together, these regions comprise approximately one-half of mammalian genomes, and most but not all loci within these domains are stochastically placed at either of these two locations after exit from mitosis at each cell cycle. Excitement about the role of these heterochromatic domains in early development has recently been heightened by the discovery that LADs appear at some loci in the preimplantation mouse embryo prior to other chromosomal features like compartmental identity and topologically-associated domains (TADs). While LADs have been extensively studied and mapped during cellular differentiation and early embryonic development, NADs have been less thoroughly studied. Here, we summarize pioneering studies of NADs and LADs, more recent advances in our understanding of cis/trans-acting factors that mediate these localizations, and discuss the functional significance of these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhan Bizhanova
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Paul D Kaufman
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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30
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Collins M, Miranda V, Rousseau J, Kratz LE, Campeau PM. A homozygous variant in the Lamin B receptor gene LBR results in a non-lethal skeletal dysplasia without Pelger-Huët anomaly. Bone 2020; 141:115601. [PMID: 32827848 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lamin B receptor, a member of the sterol reductase family, is an inner nuclear membrane protein which binds lamin B proteins and is involved in the organization of heterochromatin. Mutations in LBR have been associated with a variety of disorders, such as Pelger-Huët anomaly, a benign abnormality affecting neutrophils, and Greenberg Dysplasia, a lethal condition in the perinatal period. We identified a homozygous LBR missense mutation (NM_002296.4: c.1366C > G, p.(Leu456Val)) in two adult sisters with a Lamin B receptor-related disorder associated with a skeletal dysplasia milder than Greenberg Dysplasia. Individual 1 has short stature with short limbs (mostly rhizomelic for the upper extremities, and mesomelic for the lower extremities), limited elbow extension. She required Achilles tenotomy, and does not have facial dysmorphisms. Individual 2 has similar skeletal features, but also has bowed femurs, osteopenia, spastic paraplegia of the lower limbs, equinovarus feet, a single kidney, neurogenic bladder, obstructive hydronephrosis, scoliosis and syndactyly of the toes. This report provides additional evidence of variability for Lamin B receptor-related disorders associated with a non-lethal skeletal dysplasia without Pelger-Huët anomaly. We describe a novel pathogenic variant that has not been previously associated with disease and demonstrate the effect of this variant on sterol C14-reductase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan Collins
- CHU Sainte Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Valancy Miranda
- Medical Genetics Division, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Justine Rousseau
- CHU Sainte Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lisa E Kratz
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Philippe M Campeau
- CHU Sainte Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Medical Genetics Division, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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31
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Nuclear Morphological Remodeling in Human Granulocytes Is Linked to Prenylation Independently from Cytoskeleton. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112509. [PMID: 33233551 PMCID: PMC7699803 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear shape modulates cell behavior and function, while aberrant nuclear morphologies correlate with pathological phenotype severity. Nevertheless, functions of specific nuclear morphological features and underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate a nucleus-intrinsic mechanism driving nuclear lobulation and segmentation concurrent with granulocyte specification, independently from extracellular forces and cytosolic cytoskeleton contributions. Transcriptomic regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis is equally concurrent with nuclear remodeling. Its putative role as a regulatory element is supported by morphological aberrations observed upon pharmacological impairment of several enzymatic steps of the pathway, most prominently the sterol ∆14-reductase activity of laminB-receptor and protein prenylation. Thus, we support the hypothesis of a nuclear-intrinsic mechanism for nuclear shape control with the putative involvement of the recently discovered GGTase III complex. Such process could be independent from or complementary to the better studied cytoskeleton-based nuclear remodeling essential for cell migration in both physiological and pathological contexts such as immune system function and cancer metastasis.
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32
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Christodoulou A, Maimaris G, Makrigiorgi A, Charidemou E, Lüchtenborg C, Ververis A, Georgiou R, Lederer CW, Haffner C, Brügger B, Santama N. TMEM147 interacts with lamin B receptor, regulates its localization and levels, and affects cholesterol homeostasis. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs245357. [PMID: 32694168 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.245357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The structurally and functionally complex endoplasmic reticulum (ER) hosts critical processes including lipid synthesis. Here, we focus on the functional characterization of transmembrane protein TMEM147, and report that it localizes at the ER and nuclear envelope in HeLa cells. Silencing of TMEM147 drastically reduces the level of lamin B receptor (LBR) at the inner nuclear membrane and results in mistargeting of LBR to the ER. LBR possesses a modular structure and corresponding bifunctionality, acting in heterochromatin organization via its N-terminus and in cholesterol biosynthesis via its sterol-reductase C-terminal domain. We show that TMEM147 physically interacts with LBR, and that the C-terminus of LBR is essential for their functional interaction. We find that TMEM147 also physically interacts with the key sterol reductase DHCR7, which is involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. Similar to what was seen for LBR, TMEM147 downregulation results in a sharp decline of DHCR protein levels and co-ordinate transcriptional decreases of LBR and DHCR7 expression. Consistent with this, lipidomic analysis upon TMEM147 silencing identified changes in cellular cholesterol levels, cholesteryl ester levels and profile, and in cellular cholesterol uptake, raising the possibility that TMEM147 is an important new regulator of cholesterol homeostasis in cells.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andri Christodoulou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Giannis Maimaris
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andri Makrigiorgi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Evelina Charidemou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Antonis Ververis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Renos Georgiou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Carsten W Lederer
- Department of Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia and Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 1683 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christof Haffner
- Institute of Stroke and Dementia Research, University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Britta Brügger
- Biochemistry Center (BZH), University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niovi Santama
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
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33
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Castro-Obregón S. Lamin B receptor: role on chromatin structure, cellular senescence and possibly aging. Biochem J 2020; 477:2715-2720. [PMID: 32726434 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear envelope is composed by an outer nuclear membrane and an inner nuclear membrane, which is underlain by the nuclear lamina that provides the nucleus with mechanical strength for maintaining structure and regulates chromatin organization for modulating gene expression and silencing. A layer of heterochromatin is beneath the nuclear lamina, attached by inner nuclear membrane integral proteins such as Lamin B receptor (LBR). LBR is a chimeric protein, having also a sterol reductase activity with which it contributes to cholesterol synthesis. Lukasova et al. showed that when DNA is damaged by ɣ-radiation in cancer cells, LBR is lost causing chromatin structure changes and promoting cellular senescence. Cellular senescence is characterized by terminal cell cycle arrest and the expression and secretion of various growth factors, cytokines, metalloproteinases, etc., collectively known as senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that cause chronic inflammation and tumor progression when they persist in the tissue. Therefore, it is fundamental to understand the molecular basis for senescence establishment, maintenance and the regulation of SASP. The work of Lukasova et al. contributed to our understanding of cellular senescence establishment and provided the basis that lead to the further discovery that chromatin changes caused by LBR reduction induce an up-regulated expression of SASP factors. LBR dysfunction has relevance in several diseases and possibly in physiological aging. The potential bifunctional role of LBR on cellular senescence establishment, namely its role in chromatin structure together with its enzymatic activity contributing to cholesterol synthesis, provide a new target to develop potential anti-aging therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Castro-Obregón
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Circuito Exterior SN, Ciudad Universitaria, CDMX 14250, Mexico
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34
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Groves NR, McKenna JF, Evans DE, Graumann K, Meier I. A nuclear localization signal targets tail-anchored membrane proteins to the inner nuclear envelope in plants. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs226134. [PMID: 30858196 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.226134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein targeting to the inner nuclear membrane (INM) is one of the least understood protein targeting pathways. INM proteins are important for chromatin organization, nuclear morphology and movement, and meiosis, and have been implicated in human diseases. In opisthokonts, one mechanism for INM targeting is transport factor-mediated trafficking, in which nuclear localization signals (NLSs) function in nuclear import of transmembrane proteins. To explore whether this pathway exists in plants, we fused the SV40 NLS to a plant ER tail-anchored protein and showed that the GFP-tagged fusion protein was significantly enriched at the nuclear envelope (NE) of leaf epidermal cells. Airyscan subdiffraction limited confocal microscopy showed that this protein displays a localization consistent with an INM protein. Nine different monopartite and bipartite NLSs from plants and opisthokonts, fused to a chimeric tail-anchored membrane protein, were all sufficient for NE enrichment, and both monopartite and bipartite NLSs were sufficient for trafficking to the INM. Tolerance for different linker lengths and protein conformations suggests that INM trafficking rules might differ from those in opisthokonts. The INM proteins developed here can be used to target new functionalities to the plant nuclear periphery. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman R Groves
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joseph F McKenna
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - David E Evans
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Katja Graumann
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Iris Meier
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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35
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Thompson E, Abdalla E, Superti-Furga A, McAlister W, Kratz L, Unger S, Royer-Bertrand B, Campos-Xavier B, Mittaz-Crettol L, Amin AK, DeSanto C, Wilson DB, Douglas G, Kozel B, Shinawi M. Lamin B receptor-related disorder is associated with a spectrum of skeletal dysplasia phenotypes. Bone 2019; 120:354-363. [PMID: 30448303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
LBR (Lamin B Receptor) encodes a bifunctional protein important for cholesterol biosynthesis and heterochromatin organization on the inner nuclear membrane. Pathogenic variants in LBR are associated with marked phenotypic variability, ranging from the benign Pelger-Huët anomaly to lethal Greenberg Dysplasia. We performed trio exome sequencing (ES) on two patients with atypical variants of skeletal dysplasia and their unaffected parents. Patient 1 exhibited frontal bossing, mid-face hypoplasia, short stature with rhizomelic limb shortening, and relative macrocephaly at birth. Although remained short, Patient 1 later showed spontaneous improvement in her skeletal findings. Exome sequencing revealed two novel variants in LBR, c.1504C > G (p.Arg502Gly) in exon 12 and c.1748G > T (p.Arg583Leu) in exon 14, which were inherited from her unaffected father and mother, respectively. Sterol analysis revealed an increased level of cholesta‑8,14‑dien‑3β‑ol to 2.9% of total sterols, consistent with a functional deficiency of 3β‑hydroxysterol Δ14‑reductase. Patient 2 presented at birth with short stature and marked rhizomelic limb shortening but later exhibited decreasing severity of shortening of the long bones and improvement in the radiographic skeletal abnormalities although he continued to be significantly short at age 10 years. Exome sequencing revealed that Patient 2 is homozygous for a pathogenic variant c.1534C > T (p.Arg512Trp) in exon 12 of LBR, which was inherited from his unaffected consanguineous parents. This report provides further evidence for a phenotypic spectrum of LBR-associated disorders and expands the genotypic spectrum by describing 3 novel disease-causing variants that have not been previously associated with a disease. Moreover, our data on Patient 1 demonstrate that variants throughout the gene appear to influence both the sterol reductase and nuclear functions of LBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ebtesam Abdalla
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Andrea Superti-Furga
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - William McAlister
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology at St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lisa Kratz
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sheila Unger
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Beryl Royer-Bertrand
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Belinda Campos-Xavier
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laureane Mittaz-Crettol
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Asmaa K Amin
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Cori DeSanto
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David B Wilson
- Departments of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Beth Kozel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marwan Shinawi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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36
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Abstract
Lamin B receptor (LBR) is an inner nuclear membrane protein that associates with the nuclear lamina and harbors sterol reductase activity essential for cholesterol biosynthesis. Several LBR mutations implicated in human congenital disorders give rise to C-terminal truncations which render LBR metabolically unstable, resulting in their rapid turnover in the nucleus. These LBR variants serve as model substrates for investigating the poorly understood protein quality control pathways in the mammalian nuclear envelope (NE). Here we describe a split-GFP-based method for tagging these model substrates to enable live cell imaging and flow cytometry for the identification and characterization of NE-resident protein turnover machinery. Furthermore, we describe a facile subcellular fractionation method to isolate a soluble LBR degradation intermediate, allowing the deconvolution of the membrane extraction and proteasomal turnover steps. The combination of imaging-based and biochemical approaches described here facilitates detailed mechanistic studies to dissect protein turnover in the nuclear compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ling Tsai
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Chenguang Zhao
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Christian Schlieker
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
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37
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Giorgio E, Sirchia F, Bosco M, Sobreira NLM, Grosso E, Brussino A, Brusco A. A novel case of Greenberg dysplasia and genotype-phenotype correlation analysis for LBR pathogenic variants: An instructive example of one gene-multiple phenotypes. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:306-311. [PMID: 30561119 PMCID: PMC6349533 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Greenberg skeletal dysplasia is an autosomal recessive, perinatal lethal disorder associated with biallelic variants affecting the lamin B receptor (LBR) gene. LBR is also associated with the autosomal recessive anadysplasia-like spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, and the autosomal dominant Pelger-Huët anomaly, a benign laminopathy characterized by anomalies in the nuclear shape of blood granulocytes. The LBR is an inner nuclear membrane protein that binds lamin B proteins (LMNB1 and LMNB2), interacts with chromatin, and exerts a sterol reductase activity. Here, we report on a novel LBR missense variant [c.1379A>G; p.(D460R)], identified by whole exome sequencing and causing Greenberg dysplasia in two fetuses from a consanguineous Moroccan family. We revised published LBR variants to propose a genotype-phenotype correlation in LBR associated diseases. The diverse phenotypes are correlated to the functional domain affected, the heterozygous or homozygous state of the variants, and their different impact on the residual protein function. LBR represents an instructive example of one gene presenting with two different patterns of inheritance and at least three different clinical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Giorgio
- University of Torino, Department of Medical Sciences, Torino, Italy
| | - Fabio Sirchia
- University of Trieste, IRCCS Burlo Garofalo, Department of Advanced Diagnostic and Clinical Trials Institute for Maternal Child Health, Trieste, Italy
| | - Martino Bosco
- San Lazzaro Hospital, Pathological Anatomy and Histology unit, Alba, Italy
| | - Nara Lygia M. Sobreira
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Enrico Grosso
- Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Medical Genetics Unit, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Alfredo Brusco
- University of Torino, Department of Medical Sciences, Torino, Italy
- Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Medical Genetics Unit, Torino, Italy
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38
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Pereira CD, Serrano JB, Martins F, da Cruz E Silva OAB, Rebelo S. Nuclear envelope dynamics during mammalian spermatogenesis: new insights on male fertility. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1195-1219. [PMID: 30701647 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The production of highly specialized spermatozoa from undifferentiated spermatogonia is a strictly organized and programmed process requiring extensive restructuring of the entire cell. One of the most remarkable cellular transformations accompanying the various phases of spermatogenesis is the profound remodelling of the nuclear architecture, in which the nuclear envelope (NE) seems to be crucially involved. In recent years, several proteins from the distinct layers forming the NE (i.e. the inner and outer nuclear membranes as well as the nuclear lamina) have been associated with meiosis and/or spermiogenesis in different mammalian species. Among these are A- and B-type lamins, Dpy-19-like protein 2 (DPY19L2), lamin B receptor (LBR), lamina-associated polypeptide 1 (LAP1), LAP2/emerin/MAN1 (LEM) domain-containing proteins, spermatogenesis-associated 46 (SPATA46) and diverse elements of the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, namely Sad-1/UNC-84 homology (SUN) and Klarsicht/ANC-1/Syne-1 homology (KASH) domain-containing proteins. Herein, we summarize the current state of the art on the cellular and subcellular distribution of NE proteins expressed during mammalian spermatogenesis, and discuss the latest research developments regarding their testis-specific functions. This review provides a comprehensive and innovative overview of the NE network as a regulatory platform and as an essential determinant of efficient meiotic chromosome recombination as well as spermiogenesis-associated nuclear remodelling and differentiation in mammalian male germline cells. Thus, this review provides important novel insights on the biological relevance of NE proteins for male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia D Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Signalling Laboratory, Institute for Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana B Serrano
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Signalling Laboratory, Institute for Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Filipa Martins
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Signalling Laboratory, Institute for Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Odete A B da Cruz E Silva
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Signalling Laboratory, Institute for Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.,The Discovery CTR, University of Aveiro Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sandra Rebelo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Signalling Laboratory, Institute for Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Wehrle A, Witkos TM, Schneider JC, Hoppmann A, Behringer S, Köttgen A, Elting M, Spranger J, Lowe M, Lausch E. A common pathomechanism in GMAP-210- and LBR-related diseases. JCI Insight 2018; 3:121150. [PMID: 30518689 PMCID: PMC6328090 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biallelic loss-of-function mutations in TRIP11, encoding the golgin GMAP-210, cause the lethal human chondrodysplasia achondrogenesis 1A (ACG1A). We now find that a homozygous splice-site mutation of the lamin B receptor (LBR) gene results in the same phenotype. Intrigued by the genetic heterogeneity, we compared GMAP-210- and LBR-deficient primary cells to unravel how particular mutations in LBR cause a phenocopy of ACG1A. We could exclude a regulatory interaction between LBR and GMAP-210 in patients' cells. However, we discovered a common disruption of Golgi apparatus architecture that was accompanied by decreased secretory trafficking in both cases. Deficiency of Golgi-dependent glycan processing indicated a similar downstream effect of the disease-causing mutations upon Golgi function. Unexpectedly, our results thus point to a common pathogenic mechanism in GMAP-210- and LBR-related diseases attributable to defective secretory trafficking at the Golgi apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Wehrle
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Centre-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tomasz M. Witkos
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Judith C. Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Centre-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anselm Hoppmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Centre-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical Centre-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sidney Behringer
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Centre-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical Centre-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mariet Elting
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Spranger
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Centre-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Lowe
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ekkehart Lausch
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Centre-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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40
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Kasbekar DP. A cross-eyed geneticist's view I. Making sense of the lamin B receptor, a chimeric protein. J Biosci 2018; 43:235-237. [PMID: 29872011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The vertebrate inner nuclear membrane protein, lamin B receptor, has an N-terminal ~200 residue nucleoplasmic domain (NTD), and a ~420 residue C-terminal domain (CTD) that anchors the NTD to the INM. Chen et al (2016) showed the NTD interacts with Xist long noncoding RNA to effect X chromosome inactivation in female mammals. Tsai et al (2016) showed the CTD has sterol reductase activity that is essential for viability. And Nikolakaki et al (2017) proposed a model to interconnect these disparate functions of this chimeric protein. It amuses me now to think back to 24 years ago, when I was concerned that these domains might have come together in a cloning artifact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durgadas P Kasbekar
- Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Uppal, Hyderabad 500 039, India,
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42
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Smet-Nocca C, Page A, Cantrelle FX, Nikolakaki E, Landrieu I, Giannakouros T. The O-β-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation of the Lamin B receptor and its impact on DNA binding and phosphorylation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:825-835. [PMID: 29337275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lamin B Receptor (LBR) is an integral protein of the interphase inner nuclear membrane that is implicated in chromatin anchorage to the nuclear envelope. Phosphorylation of a stretch of arginine-serine (RS) dipeptides in the amino-terminal nucleoplasmic domain of LBR regulates the interactions of the receptor with other nuclear proteins, DNA and RNA and thus modulates tethering of heterochromatin to the nuclear envelope. While phosphorylation has been extensively studied, very little is known about other post-translational modifications of the protein. There is only one report on the O-β-linked N-acetyl-glucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) of a serine residue downstream of the RS domain of rat LBR. In the present study we identify additional O-GlcNAcylation sites by using as substrates of O-β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (OGT) a set of peptides containing the entire LBR RS domain or parts of it as well as flanking sequences. The in vitro activity of OGT was assessed by tandem mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, we provide evidence that O-GlcNAcylation hampers DNA binding while it marginally affects RS domain phosphorylation mediated by SRPK1, Akt2 and cdk1 kinases. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our methodology providing a quantitative description of O-GlcNAc patterns based on a combination of mass spectrometry and high resolution NMR spectroscopy on short peptide substrates allows subsequent functional analyses. Hence, our approach is of general interest to a wide audience of biologists aiming at deciphering the functional role of O-GlcNAc glycosylation and its crosstalk with phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Smet-Nocca
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Adeline Page
- Proteomics Platform, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U964, CNRS UMR7104, Strasbourg University, Illkirch, France
| | - François-Xavier Cantrelle
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Eleni Nikolakaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Isabelle Landrieu
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Thomas Giannakouros
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Lukášová E, Kovařík A, Kozubek S. Consequences of Lamin B1 and Lamin B Receptor Downregulation in Senescence. Cells 2018; 7:cells7020011. [PMID: 29415520 PMCID: PMC5850099 DOI: 10.3390/cells7020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Anchoring of heterochromatin to the nuclear envelope appears to be an important process ensuring the spatial organization of the chromatin structure and genome function in eukaryotic nuclei. Proteins of the inner nuclear membrane (INM) mediating these interactions are able to recognize lamina-associated heterochromatin domains (termed LAD) and simultaneously bind either lamin A/C or lamin B1. One of these proteins is the lamin B receptor (LBR) that binds lamin B1 and tethers heterochromatin to the INM in embryonic and undifferentiated cells. It is replaced by lamin A/C with specific lamin A/C binding proteins at the beginning of cell differentiation and in differentiated cells. Our functional experiments in cancer cell lines show that heterochromatin in cancer cells is tethered to the INM by LBR, which is downregulated together with lamin B1 at the onset of cell transition to senescence. The downregulation of these proteins in senescent cells leads to the detachment of centromeric repetitive sequences from INM, their relocation to the nucleoplasm, and distension. In cells, the expression of LBR and LB1 is highly coordinated as evidenced by the reduction of both proteins in LBR shRNA lines. The loss of the constitutive heterochromatin structure containing LADs results in changes in chromatin architecture and genome function and can be the reason for the permanent loss of cell proliferation in senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Lukášová
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, Brno 61265, Czech Republic.
- Department of Molecular Epigenetics, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, Brno 61265, Czech Republic.
| | - Aleš Kovařík
- Department of Molecular Epigenetics, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, Brno 61265, Czech Republic.
| | - Stanislav Kozubek
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, Brno 61265, Czech Republic.
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