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Chatzi D, Kyriakoudi SA, Dermitzakis I, Manthou ME, Meditskou S, Theotokis P. Clinical and Genetic Correlation in Neurocristopathies: Bridging a Precision Medicine Gap. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2223. [PMID: 38673496 PMCID: PMC11050951 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurocristopathies (NCPs) encompass a spectrum of disorders arising from issues during the formation and migration of neural crest cells (NCCs). NCCs undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and upon key developmental gene deregulation, fetuses and neonates are prone to exhibit diverse manifestations depending on the affected area. These conditions are generally rare and often have a genetic basis, with many following Mendelian inheritance patterns, thus making them perfect candidates for precision medicine. Examples include cranial NCPs, like Goldenhar syndrome and Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome; cardiac-vagal NCPs, such as DiGeorge syndrome; truncal NCPs, like congenital central hypoventilation syndrome and Waardenburg syndrome; and enteric NCPs, such as Hirschsprung disease. Additionally, NCCs' migratory and differentiating nature makes their derivatives prone to tumors, with various cancer types categorized based on their NCC origin. Representative examples include schwannomas and pheochromocytomas. This review summarizes current knowledge of diseases arising from defects in NCCs' specification and highlights the potential of precision medicine to remedy a clinical phenotype by targeting the genotype, particularly important given that those affected are primarily infants and young children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.C.); (S.A.K.); (I.D.); (M.E.M.); (S.M.)
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Saumweber E, Mzoughi S, Khadra A, Werberger A, Schumann S, Guccione E, Schmeisser MJ, Kühl SJ. Prdm15 acts upstream of Wnt4 signaling in anterior neural development of Xenopus laevis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1316048. [PMID: 38444828 PMCID: PMC10912572 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1316048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in PRDM15 lead to a syndromic form of holoprosencephaly (HPE) known as the Galloway-Mowat syndrome (GAMOS). While a connection between PRDM15, a zinc finger transcription factor, and WNT/PCP signaling has been established, there is a critical need to delve deeper into their contributions to early development and GAMOS pathogenesis. We used the South African clawed frog Xenopus laevis as the vertebrate model organism and observed that prdm15 was enriched in the tissues and organs affected in GAMOS. Furthermore, we generated a morpholino oligonucleotide-mediated prdm15 knockdown model showing that the depletion of Prdm15 leads to abnormal eye, head, and brain development, effectively recapitulating the anterior neural features in GAMOS. An analysis of the underlying molecular basis revealed a reduced expression of key genes associated with eye, head, and brain development. Notably, this reduction could be rescued by the introduction of wnt4 RNA, particularly during the induction of the respective tissues. Mechanistically, our data demonstrate that Prdm15 acts upstream of both canonical and non-canonical Wnt4 signaling during anterior neural development. Our findings describe severe ocular and anterior neural abnormalities upon Prdm15 depletion and elucidate the role of Prdm15 in canonical and non-canonical Wnt4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernestine Saumweber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Slim Mzoughi
- Center of OncoGenomics and Innovative Therapeutics (COGIT), Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New-York, NY, United States
| | - Arin Khadra
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anja Werberger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sven Schumann
- Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ernesto Guccione
- Center of OncoGenomics and Innovative Therapeutics (COGIT), Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New-York, NY, United States
| | - Michael J. Schmeisser
- Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne J. Kühl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Oliveira JT, Yanick C, Wein N, Gomez Limia CE. Neuron-Schwann cell interactions in peripheral nervous system homeostasis, disease, and preclinical treatment. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1248922. [PMID: 37900588 PMCID: PMC10600466 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1248922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs) have a critical role in the peripheral nervous system. These cells are able to support axons during homeostasis and after injury. However, mutations in genes associated with the SCs repair program or myelination result in dysfunctional SCs. Several neuropathies such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, diabetic neuropathy and Guillain-Barré syndrome show abnormal SC functions and an impaired regeneration process. Thus, understanding SCs-axon interaction and the nerve environment in the context of homeostasis as well as post-injury and disease onset is necessary. Several neurotrophic factors, cytokines, and regulators of signaling pathways associated with proliferation, survival and regeneration are involved in this process. Preclinical studies have focused on the discovery of therapeutic targets for peripheral neuropathies and injuries. To study the effect of new therapeutic targets, modeling neuropathies and peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) in vitro and in vivo are useful tools. Furthermore, several in vitro protocols have been designed using SCs and neuron cell lines to evaluate these targets in the regeneration process. SCs lines have been used to generate effective myelinating SCs without success. Alternative options have been investigated using direct conversion from somatic cells to SCs or SCs derived from pluripotent stem cells to generate functional SCs. This review will go over the advantages of these systems and the problems associated with them. In addition, there have been challenges in establishing adequate and reproducible protocols in vitro to recapitulate repair SC-neuron interactions observed in vivo. So, we also discuss the mechanisms of repair SCs-axon interactions in the context of peripheral neuropathies and nerve injury (PNI) in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we summarize current preclinical studies evaluating transgenes, drug, and novel compounds with translational potential into clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicolas Wein
- Center for Gene Therapy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Der B, Bugacov H, Briantseva BM, McMahon AP. Cadherin Adhesion Complexes Direct Cell Aggregation in the Epithelial Transition of Wnt-Induced Nephron Progenitor Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.27.555021. [PMID: 38654822 PMCID: PMC11037868 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.27.555021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
In the developing mammalian kidney, nephron formation is initiated by a subset of nephron progenitor cells (NPCs). Wnt input activates a β-catenin ( Ctnnb1 )-driven, transcriptional nephrogenic program. In conjunction, induced mesenchymal NPCs transition through a pre-tubular aggregate to an epithelial renal vesicle, the precursor for each nephron. How this critical mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) is regulated is unclear. In an in vitro mouse NPC culture model, activation of the Wnt pathway results in the aggregation of induced NPCs into closely-packed, cell clusters. Genetic removal of β-catenin resulted in a failure of both Wnt pathway-directed transcriptional activation and the formation of aggregated cell clusters. Modulating extracellular Ca 2+ levels showed cell-cell contacts were Ca 2+ -dependent, suggesting a role for cadherin (Cdh)-directed cell adhesion. Molecular analysis identified Cdh2 , Cdh4 and Cdh11 in uninduced NPCs and the up-regulation of Cdh3 and Cdh4 accompanying the Wnt pathway-induced MET. Genetic removal of all four cadherins, and independent removal of α-catenin, which couples Cdh-β-catenin membrane complexes to the actin cytoskeleton, abolished cell aggregation in response to Wnt pathway activation. However, the β-catenin driven inductive transcriptional program was unaltered. Together with the accompanying paper (Bugacov et al ., submitted), these data demonstrate that distinct cellular activities of β-catenin - transcriptional regulation and cell adhesion - combine in the mammalian kidney programs generating differentiated epithelial nephron precursors from mesenchymal nephron progenitors. Summary statement Our study highlights the role of Wnt-β-catenin pathway regulation of cadherin-mediated cell adhesion in the mesenchymal to epithelial transition of induced nephron progenitor cells.
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Ostojić M, Jevrić M, Mitrović-Ajtić O, Živić K, Tanić M, Čavić M, Srdić-Rajić T, Grahovac J. Nischarin expression may have differing roles in male and female melanoma patients. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:1001-1014. [PMID: 37382661 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02339-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Due to the development of resistance to previously effective therapies, there is a constant need for novel treatment modalities for metastatic melanoma. Nischarin (NISCH) is a druggable scaffolding protein reported as a tumor suppressor and a positive prognostic marker in breast and ovarian cancers through regulation of cancer cell survival, motility and invasion. The aim of this study was to examine the expression and potential role of nischarin in melanoma. We found that nischarin expression was decreased in melanoma tissues compared to the uninvolved skin, and this was attributed to the presence of microdeletions and hyper-methylation of the NISCH promoter in the tumor tissue. In addition to the previously reported cytoplasmic and membranous localization, we observed nischarin in the nuclei in melanoma patients' tissues. NISCH expression in primary melanoma had favorable prognostic value for female patients, but, unexpectedly, high NISCH expression predicted worse prognosis for males. Gene set enrichment analysis suggested significant sex-related disparities in predicted association of NISCH with several signaling pathways, as well as with different tumor immune infiltrate composition in male and female patients. Taken together, our results imply that nischarin may have a role in melanoma progression, but that fine-tuning of the pathways it regulates is sex-dependent. KEY MESSAGES: Nischarin is a tumor suppressor whose role has not been investigated in melanoma. Nischarin expression was downregulated in melanoma tissue compared to the normal skin. Nischarin had the opposite prognostic value in male and female melanoma patients. Nischarin association with signaling pathways differed in females and males. Our findings challenge the current view of nischarin as a universal tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Ostojić
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Marko Jevrić
- Department of Surgery, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Olivera Mitrović-Ajtić
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, Dr Subotića 4, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Kristina Živić
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Miljana Tanić
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Milena Čavić
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Srdić-Rajić
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Grahovac
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
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Cao S, Gao X, Liu F, Chen Y, Na Q, Meng Q, Shao P, Chen C, Song Y, Wu B, Li X, Bao S. Derivation and characteristics of induced pluripotent stem cells from a patient with acute myelitis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1172385. [PMID: 37519296 PMCID: PMC10375497 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1172385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provides an approach to understand the regulatory mechanisms of cell pluripotency and demonstrates the great potential of iPSCs in disease modeling. Acute myelitis defines a group of inflammatory diseases that cause acute nerve damage in the spinal cord; however, its pathophysiology remains to be elusive. In this study, we derived skin fibroblasts from a patient with acute myelitis (P-HAF) and then reprogrammed P-HAF cells to iPSCs using eight exogenous factors (namely, OCT4, SOX2, c-MYC, KLF4, NANOG, LIN28, RARG, and LRH1). We performed transcriptomic analysis of the P-HAF and compared the biological characteristics of the iPSCs derived from the patient (P-iPSCs) with those derived from normal individuals in terms of pluripotency, transcriptomic characteristics, and differentiation ability toward the ectoderm. Compared to the control iPSCs, the P-iPSCs displayed similar features of pluripotency and comparable capability of ectoderm differentiation in the specified culture. However, when tested in the common medium, the P-iPSCs showed attenuated potential for ectoderm differentiation. The transcriptomic analysis revealed that pathways enriched in P-iPSCs included those involved in Wnt signaling. To this end, we treated iPSCs and P-iPSCs with the Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor IWR1 during the differentiation process and found that the expression of the ectoderm marker Sox1 was increased significantly in P-iPSCs. This study provides a novel approach to investigating the pathogenesis of acute myelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Cao
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xinyue Gao
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Fangyuan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanglin Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Qin Na
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Meng
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Peng Shao
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Chen Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yongli Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Baojiang Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xihe Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal, Hohhot, China
| | - Siqin Bao
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
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Liu X, Jones WD, Quesnel-Vallières M, Devadiga SA, Lorent K, Valvezan AJ, Myers RL, Li N, Lengner CJ, Barash Y, Pack M, Klein PS. The Tumor Suppressor Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (apc) Is Required for Neural Crest-Dependent Craniofacial Development in Zebrafish. J Dev Biol 2023; 11:29. [PMID: 37489330 PMCID: PMC10366761 DOI: 10.3390/jdb11030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural crest (NC) is a unique vertebrate cell type arising from the border of the neural plate and epidermis that gives rise to diverse tissues along the entire body axis. Roberto Mayor and colleagues have made major contributions to our understanding of NC induction, delamination, and migration. We report that a truncating mutation of the classical tumor suppressor Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (apc) disrupts craniofacial development in zebrafish larvae, with a marked reduction in the cranial neural crest (CNC) cells that contribute to mandibular and hyoid pharyngeal arches. While the mechanism is not yet clear, the altered expression of signaling molecules that guide CNC migration could underlie this phenotype. For example, apcmcr/mcr larvae express substantially higher levels of complement c3, which Mayor and colleagues showed impairs CNC cell migration when overexpressed. However, we also observe reduction in stroma-derived factor 1 (sdf1/cxcl12), which is required for CNC migration into the head. Consistent with our previous work showing that APC directly enhances the activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) and, independently, that GSK-3 phosphorylates multiple core mRNA splicing factors, we identify 340 mRNA splicing variations in apc mutant zebrafish, including a splice variant that deletes a conserved domain in semaphorin 3f (sema3f), an axonal guidance molecule and a known regulator of CNC migration. Here, we discuss potential roles for apc in CNC development in the context of some of the seminal findings of Mayor and colleagues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Liu
- Department of Medicine (Hematology-Oncology), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - William D. Jones
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mathieu Quesnel-Vallières
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sudhish A. Devadiga
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kristin Lorent
- Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexander J. Valvezan
- Department of Medicine (Hematology-Oncology), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Myers
- Department of Medicine (Hematology-Oncology), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher J. Lengner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yoseph Barash
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael Pack
- Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peter S. Klein
- Department of Medicine (Hematology-Oncology), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Vaivads M, Akota I, Pilmane M. Characterization of SHH, SOX3, WNT3A and WNT9B Proteins in Human Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate Tissue. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:151. [PMID: 37366674 DOI: 10.3390/dj11060151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Orofacial clefts have been associated with specific cleft candidate genes which encode regulatory proteins required for orofacial region development. Cleft candidate genes encode proteins involved with the cleft morphopathogenesis process, but their exact interactions and roles are relatively unclear in human cleft tissue. This study evaluates the presence and correlations of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), SRY-Box Transcription Factor 3 (SOX3), Wingless-type Family Member 3A (WNT3A) and 9B (WNT9B) protein containing cells in different cleft tissue. Non-syndromic cleft-affected tissue was subdivided into three groups-unilateral cleft lip (UCL) (n = 36), bilateral cleft lip (BCL) (n = 13), cleft palate (CP) (n = 26). Control tissue was obtained from five individuals. Immunohistochemistry was implemented. The semi-quantitative method was used. Non-parametric statistical methods were applied. A significant decrease in SHH was found in BCL and CP tissue. SOX3, WNT3A and WNT9B had a significant decrease in all clefts. Statistically significant correlations were found. The significant decrease in SHH could be associated with BCL and CP pathogenesis. SOX3, WNT3A and WNT9B could have morphopathogenetic involvement in UCL, BCL, and CP. Similar correlations imply the presence of similar pathogenetic mechanisms in different cleft variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mārtiņš Vaivads
- Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Kronvalda Boulevard 9, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilze Akota
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Cleft Lip and Palate Centre, Institute of Stomatology, Riga Stradins University, 20 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Māra Pilmane
- Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Kronvalda Boulevard 9, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia
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9
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Ahmad MH, Ghosh B, Rizvi MA, Ali M, Kaur L, Mondal AC. Neural crest cells development and neuroblastoma progression: Role of Wnt signaling. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:306-328. [PMID: 36502519 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most common heterogeneous extracranial cancers in infancy that arises from neural crest (NC) cells of the sympathetic nervous system. The Wnt signaling pathway, both canonical and noncanonical pathway, is a highly conserved signaling pathway that regulates the development and differentiation of the NC cells during embryogenesis. Reports suggest that aberrant activation of Wnt ligands/receptors in Wnt signaling pathways promote progression and relapse of NB. Wnt signaling pathways regulate NC induction and migration in a similar manner; it regulates proliferation and metastasis of NB. Inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway or its ligands/receptors induces apoptosis and abrogates proliferation and tumorigenicity in all major types of NB cells. Here, we comprehensively discuss the Wnt signaling pathway and its mechanisms in regulating the development of NC and NB pathogenesis. This review highlights the implications of aberrant Wnt signaling in the context of etiology, progression, and relapse of NB. We have also described emerging strategies for Wnt-based therapies against the progression of NB that will provide new insights into the development of Wnt-based therapeutic strategies for NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Hilal Ahmad
- School of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.,Genome Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Midnapore Medical College & Hospital, West Bengal, Medinipur, India
| | - Moshahid Alam Rizvi
- Genome Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Mansoor Ali
- School of Life Sciences, Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Loveleena Kaur
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM), Srinagar, India
| | - Amal Chandra Mondal
- School of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Hörner SJ, Couturier N, Gueiber DC, Hafner M, Rudolf R. Development and In Vitro Differentiation of Schwann Cells. Cells 2022; 11:3753. [PMID: 36497014 PMCID: PMC9739763 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells are glial cells of the peripheral nervous system. They exist in several subtypes and perform a variety of functions in nerves. Their derivation and culture in vitro are interesting for applications ranging from disease modeling to tissue engineering. Since primary human Schwann cells are challenging to obtain in large quantities, in vitro differentiation from other cell types presents an alternative. Here, we first review the current knowledge on the developmental signaling mechanisms that determine neural crest and Schwann cell differentiation in vivo. Next, an overview of studies on the in vitro differentiation of Schwann cells from multipotent stem cell sources is provided. The molecules frequently used in those protocols and their involvement in the relevant signaling pathways are put into context and discussed. Focusing on hiPSC- and hESC-based studies, different protocols are described and compared, regarding cell sources, differentiation methods, characterization of cells, and protocol efficiency. A brief insight into developments regarding the culture and differentiation of Schwann cells in 3D is given. In summary, this contribution provides an overview of the current resources and methods for the differentiation of Schwann cells, it supports the comparison and refinement of protocols and aids the choice of suitable methods for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Janice Hörner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nathalie Couturier
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniele Caroline Gueiber
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Federal University of Technology Paraná, Ponta Grossa 84017-220, Brazil
| | - Mathias Hafner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Technology, Heidelberg University and Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Rudolf
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Technology, Heidelberg University and Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Gu R, Zhang S, Saha SK, Ji Y, Reynolds K, McMahon M, Sun B, Islam M, Trainor PA, Chen Y, Xu Y, Chai Y, Burkart-Waco D, Zhou CJ. Single-cell transcriptomic signatures and gene regulatory networks modulated by Wls in mammalian midline facial formation and clefts. Development 2022; 149:dev200533. [PMID: 35781558 PMCID: PMC9382898 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Formation of highly unique and complex facial structures is controlled by genetic programs that are responsible for the precise coordination of three-dimensional tissue morphogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms governing these processes remain poorly understood. We combined mouse genetic and genomic approaches to define the mechanisms underlying normal and defective midfacial morphogenesis. Conditional inactivation of the Wnt secretion protein Wls in Pax3-expressing lineage cells disrupted frontonasal primordial patterning, cell survival and directional outgrowth, resulting in altered facial structures, including midfacial hypoplasia and midline facial clefts. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed unique transcriptomic atlases of mesenchymal subpopulations in the midfacial primordia, which are disrupted in the conditional Wls mutants. Differentially expressed genes and cis-regulatory sequence analyses uncovered that Wls modulates and integrates a core gene regulatory network, consisting of key midfacial regulatory transcription factors (including Msx1, Pax3 and Pax7) and their downstream targets (including Wnt, Shh, Tgfβ and retinoic acid signaling components), in a mesenchymal subpopulation of the medial nasal prominences that is responsible for midline facial formation and fusion. These results reveal fundamental mechanisms underlying mammalian midfacial morphogenesis and related defects at single-cell resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children and UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children and UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Subbroto Kumar Saha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children and UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Yu Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children and UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Kurt Reynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children and UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Moira McMahon
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children and UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children and UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Mohammad Islam
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children and UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Paul A. Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - YiPing Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Ying Xu
- Can-SU Genomic Resource Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yang Chai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Diana Burkart-Waco
- DNA Technologies and Expression Analysis Core, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Chengji J. Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children and UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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12
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Huang J, Wang C, Ouyang J, Tang H, Zheng S, Xiong Y, Gao Y, Wu Y, Wang L, Yan X, Chen H. Identification of Key Candidate Genes for Beak Length Phenotype by Whole-Genome Resequencing in Geese. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:847481. [PMID: 35372529 PMCID: PMC8964941 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.847481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The domestic goose is an important economic animal in agriculture and its beak, a trait with high heritability, plays an important role in promoting food intake and defending against attacks. In this study, we sequenced 772 420-day-old Xingguo gray geese (XGG) using a low-depth (~1 ×) whole-genome resequencing strategy. We detected 12,490,912 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using the standard GATK and imputed with STITCH. We then performed a genome-wide association study on the beak length trait in XGG. The results indicated that 57 SNPs reached genome-wide significance levels for the beak length trait and were assigned to seven genes, including TAPT1, DHX15, CCDC149, LGI2, SEPSECS, ANAPC4, and Slc34a2. The different genotypes of the most significant SNP (top SNP), which was located upstream of LGI2 and explained 7.24% of the phenotypic variation in beak length, showed significant differences in beak length. Priority-based significance analysis concluded that CCDC149, LGI2, and SEPSECS genes in the most significant quantitative trait locus interval were the most plausible positional and functional candidate genes for beak length development in the XGG population. These findings not only enhance our understanding of the genetic mechanism of the beak length phenotype in geese, but also lay the foundation for further studies to facilitate the genetic selection of traits in geese.
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13
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Yarboro MT, Gopal SH, Su RL, Morgan TM, Reese J. Mouse models of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and their relevance for human PDA. Dev Dyn 2022; 251:424-443. [PMID: 34350653 PMCID: PMC8814064 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ductus arteriosus (DA) is a unique fetal vascular shunt, which allows blood to bypass the developing lungs in utero. After birth, changes in complex signaling pathways lead to constriction and permanent closure of the DA. The persistent patency of the DA (PDA) is a common disorder in preterm infants, yet the underlying causes of PDA are not fully defined. Although limits on the availability of human DA tissues prevent comprehensive studies on the mechanisms of DA function, mouse models have been developed that reveal critical pathways in DA regulation. Over 20 different transgenic models of PDA in mice have been described, with implications for human DA biology. Similarly, we enumerate 224 human single-gene syndromes that are associated with PDA, including a small subset that consistently feature PDA as a prominent phenotype. Comparison and functional analyses of these genes provide insight into DA development and identify key regulatory pathways that may serve as potential therapeutic targets for the management of PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Yarboro
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Srirupa H Gopal
- Department of Pediatrics, Erlanger Health System, Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rachel L Su
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Thomas M Morgan
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jeff Reese
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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14
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Rozen EJ, Shohet JM. Systematic review of the receptor tyrosine kinase superfamily in neuroblastoma pathophysiology. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:33-52. [PMID: 34716856 PMCID: PMC8924100 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-10001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma is a devastating disease accounting for 15% of all childhood cancer deaths. Yet, our understanding of key molecular drivers such as receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in this pathology remains poorly clarified. Here, we provide a systematic analysis of the RTK superfamily in the context of neuroblastoma pathogenesis. METHODS Statistical correlations for all RTK family members' expression to neuroblastoma patient survival across 10 independent patient cohorts were annotated, synthesized, and ranked using the R2: Genomics Analysis and Visualization Platform. Gene expression of selected members across different cancer cell lines was further analyzed in the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, part of the Cancer Dependency Map portal (depmap portal ( http://depmap.org )). Finally, we provide a detailed literature review for highly ranked candidates. RESULTS Our analysis defined two subsets of RTKs showing robust associations with either better or worse survival, constituting potential novel players in neuroblastoma pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapy. We review the available literature regarding the oncogenic functions of these RTKs, their roles in neuroblastoma pathophysiology, and potential utility as therapeutic targets. CONCLUSIONS Our systematic analysis and review of the RTK superfamily in neuroblastoma pathogenesis provides a new resource to guide the research community towards focused efforts investigating signaling pathways that contribute to neuroblastoma tumor establishment, growth, and/or aggressiveness and targeting these druggable molecules in novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Javier Rozen
- Department of Pediatrics, UMass Chan Medical School, Lazare Research Building LRB603, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | - Jason Matthew Shohet
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, UMass Chan Medical School, Lazare Research Building LRB603, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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15
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Liao J, Huang Y, Wang Q, Chen S, Zhang C, Wang D, Lv Z, Zhang X, Wu M, Chen G. Gene regulatory network from cranial neural crest cells to osteoblast differentiation and calvarial bone development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:158. [PMID: 35220463 PMCID: PMC11072871 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04208-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Calvarial bone is one of the most complex sequences of developmental events in embryology, featuring a uniquely transient, pluripotent stem cell-like population known as the cranial neural crest (CNC). The skull is formed through intramembranous ossification with distinct tissue lineages (e.g. neural crest derived frontal bone and mesoderm derived parietal bone). Due to CNC's vast cell fate potential, in response to a series of inductive secreted cues including BMP/TGF-β, Wnt, FGF, Notch, Hedgehog, Hippo and PDGF signaling, CNC enables generations of a diverse spectrum of differentiated cell types in vivo such as osteoblasts and chondrocytes at the craniofacial level. In recent years, since the studies from a genetic mouse model and single-cell sequencing, new discoveries are uncovered upon CNC patterning, differentiation, and the contribution to the development of cranial bones. In this review, we summarized the differences upon the potential gene regulatory network to regulate CNC derived osteogenic potential in mouse and human, and highlighted specific functions of genetic molecules from multiple signaling pathways and the crosstalk, transcription factors and epigenetic factors in orchestrating CNC commitment and differentiation into osteogenic mesenchyme and bone formation. Disorders in gene regulatory network in CNC patterning indicate highly close relevance to clinical birth defects and diseases, providing valuable transgenic mouse models for subsequent discoveries in delineating the underlying molecular mechanisms. We also emphasized the potential regenerative alternative through scientific discoveries from CNC patterning and genetic molecules in interfering with or alleviating clinical disorders or diseases, which will be beneficial for the molecular targets to be integrated for novel therapeutic strategies in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junguang Liao
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yuping Huang
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Sisi Chen
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zhengbing Lv
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xingen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Surgery in Orthopaedics & Skeletal Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Mengrui Wu
- Institute of Genetics, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Guiqian Chen
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
- Institute of Genetics, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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16
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Carotenuto R, Tussellino M, Ronca R, Benvenuto G, Fogliano C, Fusco S, Netti PA. Toxic effects of SiO 2NPs in early embryogenesis of Xenopuslaevis. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133233. [PMID: 34896176 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The exposure of organisms to the nanoparticulate is potentially hazardous, particularly when it occurs during embryogenesis. The effects of commercial SiO2NPs in early development were studied, using Xenopus laevis as a model to investigate their possible future employment by means of the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus test (FETAX). The SiO2NPs did not change the survival but produced several abnormalities in developing embryos, in particular, the dorsal pigmentation, the cartilages of the head and branchial arches were modified; the encephalon, spinal cord and nerves are anomalous and the intestinal brush border show signs of suffering; these embryos are also bradycardic. In addition, the expression of genes involved in the early pathways of embryo development was modified. Treated embryos showed an increase of reactive oxygen species. This study suggests that SiO2NPs are toxic but non-lethal and showed potential teratogenic effects in Xenopus. The latter may be due to their cellular accumulation and/or to the effect caused by the interaction of SiO2NPs with cytoplasmic and/or nuclear components. ROS production could contribute to the observed effects. In conclusion, the data indicates that the use of SiO2NPs requires close attention and further studies to better clarify their activity in animals, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Carotenuto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Raffaele Ronca
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Fogliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sabato Fusco
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Paolo Antonio Netti
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care (CABHC), Italian Institute of Technology, Naples, Italy; Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Department of Chemical Materials and Industrial Production (DICMAPI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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17
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Caglar HO. Bioinformatics analysis of recurrent deletion regions in neuroblastoma. Med Oncol 2022; 39:31. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01639-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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18
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Yao T, Xu Z, Hao Z, Yu Y, Liang B, Wang S. KDM5B promotes cell migration by regulating the noncanonical Wnt/PCP pathway in Hirschsprung's disease. Pediatr Surg Int 2022; 38:99-107. [PMID: 34455465 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-021-05005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We measured the expression of the histone demethylase lysine-specific demethylase 5B (KDM5B) in the bowels of patients with Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) and investigated the molecular mechanism by which KDM5B promotes the migration of neuronal PC12 cells. METHODS KDM5B expression was detected in the ganglionic and aganglionic colon of patients with HSCR (n = 10) and controls (n = 10). The expression and localization of KDM5B were assessed using immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were performed to quantify KDM5B expression. The migration was determined using Transwell and wound-healing assays. G-LISA, GTPase pulldown and luciferase-based reporter gene assays were performed to evaluate the key components of Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling in vitro. RESULTS Our current study showed that KDM5B colocalized with neurons. KDM5B expression was reduced in HSCR specimens, while the aganglionic segments showed the greatest reduction. KDM5B knockdown inhibited the migration of PC12 cells. Moreover, inhibition of KDM5B decreased the expression of key genes in the Wnt/PCP pathway, and its inhibitory effect on PC12 cell migration was reversed by Wnt5a treatment. CONCLUSIONS KDM5B promotes neuronal migration via the Wnt/PCP pathway. A potential role for KDM5B in altered enteric nervous system development in HSCR warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilin Xu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zenghui Hao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - You Yu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingxue Liang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of zebrafish cranial neural crest reveals spatiotemporal regulation of lineage decisions during development. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110140. [PMID: 34936864 PMCID: PMC8741273 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural crest (NC) cells migrate throughout vertebrate embryos to give rise to a huge variety of cell types, but when and where lineages emerge and their regulation remain unclear. We have performed single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of cranial NC cells from the first pharyngeal arch in zebrafish over several stages during migration. Computational analysis combining pseudotime and real-time data reveals that these NC cells first adopt a transitional state, becoming specified mid-migration, with the first lineage decisions being skeletal and pigment, followed by neural and glial progenitors. In addition, by computationally integrating these data with RNA-seq data from a transgenic Wnt reporter line, we identify gene cohorts with similar temporal responses to Wnts during migration and show that one, Atp6ap2, is required for melanocyte differentiation. Together, our results show that cranial NC cell lineages arise progressively and uncover a series of spatially restricted cell interactions likely to regulate such cell-fate decisions. Tatarakis et al. provide a single-cell transcriptomic timeline of cranial neural crest (NC) development in zebrafish and address long-standing questions surrounding the integration of NC cell migration and lineage specification. They find that lineages are specified mid-migration. These fate decisions correspond to shifts in Wnt signaling, and lineages rapidly segregate.
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20
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Nagy N, Kovacs T, Stavely R, Halasy V, Soos A, Szocs E, Hotta R, Graham H, Goldstein AM. Avian ceca are indispensable for hindgut enteric nervous system development. Development 2021; 148:dev199825. [PMID: 34792104 PMCID: PMC8645208 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS), which is derived from enteric neural crest cells (ENCCs), represents the neuronal innervation of the intestine. Compromised ENCC migration can lead to Hirschsprung disease, which is characterized by an aganglionic distal bowel. During the craniocaudal migration of ENCCs along the gut, we find that their proliferation is greatest as the ENCC wavefront passes through the ceca, a pair of pouches at the midgut-hindgut junction in avian intestine. Removal of the ceca leads to hindgut aganglionosis, suggesting that they are required for ENS development. Comparative transcriptome profiling of the cecal buds compared with the interceca region shows that the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway is preferentially expressed within the ceca. Specifically, WNT11 is highly expressed, as confirmed by RNA in situ hybridization, leading us to hypothesize that cecal expression of WNT11 is important for ENCC colonization of the hindgut. Organ cultures using embryonic day 6 avian intestine show that WNT11 inhibits enteric neuronal differentiation. These results reveal an essential role for the ceca during hindgut ENS formation and highlight an important function for non-canonical Wnt signaling in regulating ENCC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandor Nagy
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Tamas Kovacs
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Rhian Stavely
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114,USA
| | - Viktoria Halasy
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Adam Soos
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Emoke Szocs
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Ryo Hotta
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114,USA
| | - Hannah Graham
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114,USA
| | - Allan M. Goldstein
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114,USA
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21
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Sun H, Zhang YX, Li YM. Generation of Skin Organoids: Potential Opportunities and Challenges. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:709824. [PMID: 34805138 PMCID: PMC8600117 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.709824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several types of human skin substitutes are currently available, they usually do not include important skin appendages such as hair follicles and sweat glands, or various skin-related cells, such as dermal adipocytes and sensory neurons. This highlights the need to improve the in vitro human skin generation model for use as a tool for investigating skin diseases and as a source of cells or tissues for skin regeneration. Skin organoids are generated from stem cells and are expected to possess the complexity and function of natural skin. Here, we summarize the current literatures relating to the "niches" of the local skin stem cell microenvironment and the formation of skin organoids, and then discuss the opportunities and challenges associated with multifunctional skin organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Zhang
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yu-Mei Li
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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22
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Narmontė M, Gibas P, Daniūnaitė K, Gordevičius J, Kriukienė E. Multiomics Analysis of Neuroblastoma Cells Reveals a Diversity of Malignant Transformations. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:727353. [PMID: 34557494 PMCID: PMC8452964 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.727353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric cancer of the developing sympathetic nervous system that exhibits significant variation in the stage of differentiation and cell composition of tumors. Global loss of DNA methylation and genomic 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is a hallmark of human cancers. Here, we used our recently developed single-base resolution approaches, hmTOP-seq and uTOP-seq, for construction of 5hmC maps and identification of large partially methylated domains (PMDs) in different NB cell subpopulations. The 5hmC profiles revealed distinct signatures characteristic to different cell lineages and stages of malignant transformation of NB cells in a conventional and oxygen-depleted environment, which often occurs in tumors. The analysis of the cell-type-specific PMD distribution highlighted differences in global genome organization among NB cells that were ascribed to the same lineage identity by transcriptomic networks. Collectively, we demonstrated a high informativeness of the integrative epigenomic and transcriptomic research and large-scale genome structure in investigating the mechanisms that regulate cell identities and developmental stages of NB cells. Such multiomics analysis, as compared with mutational studies, open new ways for identification of novel disease-associated features which bring prognostic and therapeutic value in treating this aggressive pediatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milda Narmontė
- Department of Biological DNA Modification, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Povilas Gibas
- Department of Biological DNA Modification, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kristina Daniūnaitė
- Department of Biological DNA Modification, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Human Genome Research Group, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Juozas Gordevičius
- Department of Biological DNA Modification, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Edita Kriukienė
- Department of Biological DNA Modification, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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23
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Strepkos D, Markouli M, Papavassiliou KA, Papavassiliou AG, Piperi C. Emerging roles for the YAP/TAZ transcriptional regulators in brain tumour pathology and targeting options. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 48:e12762. [PMID: 34409639 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional co-activators Yes-associated protein 1/transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (YAP/TAZ) have emerged as significant regulators of a wide variety of cellular and organ functions with impact in early embryonic development, especially during the expansion of the neural progenitor cell pool. YAP/TAZ signalling regulates organ size development, tissue homeostasis, wound healing and angiogenesis by participating in a complex network of various pathways. However, recent evidence suggests an association of these physiologic regulatory effects of YAP/TAZ with pro-oncogenic activities. Herein, we discuss the physiological functions of YAP/TAZ as well as the extensive network of signalling pathways that control their expression and activity, leading to brain tumour development and progression. Furthermore, we describe current targeting approaches and drug options including direct YAP/TAZ and YAP-TEA domain transcription factor (TEAD) interaction inhibitors, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) signalling modulators and kinase inhibitors, which may be used to successfully attack YAP/TAZ-dependent tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Strepkos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mariam Markouli
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kostas A Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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24
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Brizi V, Buttò S, Cerullo D, Michele Lavecchia A, Rodrigues-Diez R, Novelli R, Corna D, Benigni A, Remuzzi G, Xinaris C. Human iPSC-derived neural crest stem cells can produce EPO and induce erythropoiesis in anemic mice. Stem Cell Res 2021; 55:102476. [PMID: 34339993 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inadequate production of erythropoietin (EPO) leads to anemia. Although erythropoiesis-stimulating agents can be used to treat anemia, these approaches are limited by high costs, adverse effects, and the need for frequent injections. Developing methods for the generation and transplantation of EPO-producing cells would allow for the design of personalized and complication-free therapeutic solutions. In mice, the first EPO source are neural crest cells (NCCs), which ultimately migrate to the fetal kidney to differentiate into EPO-producing fibroblasts. In humans however, it remains unknown whether NCCs can produce EPO in response to hypoxia. Here, we developed a new protocol to differentiate human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into NCCs and showed that cthese cells can produce functional EPO that can induce human CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor differentiation into erythroblasts in vitro. Moreover, we showed that hiPSC-derived NCCs can be embedded in clinical-grade atelocollagen scaffolds and subcutaneously transplanted into anemic mice to produce human EPO, accelerate hematocrit recovery, and induce erythropoiesis in the spleen. Our findings provide unprecedented evidence of the ability of human NCCs to produce functional EPO in response to hypoxia, and proof-of-concept for the potential clinical use of NCC-containing scaffolds as cell therapy for renal and non-renal anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Brizi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Sara Buttò
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Domenico Cerullo
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | | | - Rubina Novelli
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Daniela Corna
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Ariela Benigni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Christodoulos Xinaris
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy; University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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25
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Zhao X, Le TP, Erhardt S, Findley TO, Wang J. Hippo-Yap Pathway Orchestrates Neural Crest Ontogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:706623. [PMID: 34307386 PMCID: PMC8298320 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.706623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural crest (NC) cells are a migratory stem cell population in vertebrate embryogenesis that can give rise to multiple cell types, including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, smooth muscle cells, neurons, glia, and melanocytes, greatly contributing to the development of different tissues and organs. Defects in NC development are implicated in many human diseases, such as numerous syndromes, craniofacial aberration and congenital heart defects. Research on NC development has gained intense interest and made significant progress. Recent studies showed that the Hippo-Yap pathway, a conserved fundamental pathway with key roles in regulation of cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation, is indispensable for normal NC development. However, the roles and mechanisms of the Hippo-Yap pathway in NC development remain largely unknown. In this review, we summarize the key functions of the Hippo-Yap pathway indicated in NC induction, migration, proliferation, survival, and differentiation, as well as the diseases caused by its dysfunction in NC cells. We also discuss emerging current and future studies in the investigation of the Hippo-Yap pathway in NC development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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26
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Günhan Ö, Kahraman D, Yalçın ÜK. The possible pathogenesis of cemento-osseous dysplasia: A case series and discussion. ADVANCES IN ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adoms.2021.100105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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27
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Zhang R, Lin J, Liu Y, Yang S, He Q, Zhu L, Yang X, Yang G. Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling Regulates Tooth Root Dentinogenesis by Cooperation With Wnt Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:687099. [PMID: 34277628 PMCID: PMC8277599 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.687099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper differentiation of odontoblasts is crucial for the development of tooth roots. Previous studies have reported the osteogenic/odontogenic potential of pre-odontoblasts during root odontoblast differentiation. However, the underlying molecular pathway that orchestrates these processes remains largely unclear. In this study, ablation of transforming growth factor-β receptor type 2 (Tgfbr2) in root pre-odontoblasts resulted in abnormal formation of root osteodentin, which was associated with ectopic osteogenic differentiation of root odontoblasts. Disrupting TGF-β signaling caused upregulation of Wnt signaling characterized by increased Wnt6, Wnt10a, Tcf-1, and Axin2 expression. Interestingly, inhibiting Wnt signaling by deleting Wntless (wls) in Osteocalcin (Ocn)-Cre; Tgfbr2 fl/fl ; Wls fl/fl mice or overexpressing the Wnt antagonist Dkk1 in Ocn-Cre; Tgfbr2 fl/fl ; ROSA26 Dkk1 mice decreased ectopic osteogenic differentiation and arrested odontoblast differentiation. Our results suggest that TGF-β signaling acts with Wnt signaling to regulate root odontogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China.,Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jingting Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Shurong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Qi He
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Guan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
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28
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Song W, Sun Y, Liang XC, Zhang Q, Xie J, Wang C, Liu W. Jinmaitong ameliorates diabetes-induced peripheral neuropathy in rats through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 266:113461. [PMID: 33039625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jinmaitong (JMT) is a prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, which is composed of ten herbal drugs and two animal drugs. It has long been used for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). AIM OF STUDY Wnt/β-catenin pathway is considered as an essential and direct driver of myelinogenesis. This study aims to evaluate the protective effect of JMT against DPN dynamically during a 16-weeks' treatment, and to investigate the underlying mechanism in which the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetic model was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (STZ) using male Sprague-Dawley rats. The model rats were divided into five groups and administrated with JMT at three doses (0.437, 0.875, and 1.75 g/kg per day), neurotropin (positive drug, 2.67 NU/kg per day), and placebo (deionized water), respectively, for continuous 8 weeks (n = 9-10), 12 weeks (n = 8-10), or 16 weeks (n = 7-9). Meanwhile, rats in control group were administrated with placebo (n = 10 for 8 weeks, n = 9 for 12 and 16 weeks, respectively). Blood glucose and body weight were monitored every four weeks. Mechanical allodynia was assessed using mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) test. The morphological change of sciatic nerves were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stain. The mRNA and protein levels of targeted genes were evaluated by quantitative real time-PCR and western bolt, respectively. Myelin protein zero (MPZ) and mediators involved in Wnt/β-catenin pathway, such as β-catenin, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), and WNT inhibitory factor-1 (WIF-1), were compared among different groups after treatment of 8, 12, and 16 weeks, respectively. RESULTS The mechanical allodynia and peripheral nerve morphology were degenerated in DPN rats over time, and notably improved after JMT-treatment of 12 and 16 weeks. The decreased MPZ level in DPN rats were also significantly amended by JMT. More importantly, we found that the suppressed Wnt/β-catenin pathway in sciatic nerves of DPN rats was overtly up-regulated by JMT in a time-dependent manner. Among the three doses, JMT at the middle dose showed the best effect. CONCLUSIONS JMT effectively ameliorated diabetic-induced peripheral neuropathy, which was mediated by the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. This study provided new perspective to understand the neuroprotective mechanism of JMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China; Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiao-Chun Liang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
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29
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Derivation of Peripheral Nociceptive, Mechanoreceptive, and Proprioceptive Sensory Neurons from the same Culture of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:446-457. [PMID: 33545066 PMCID: PMC7940146 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The three peripheral sensory neuron (SN) subtypes, nociceptors, mechanoreceptors, and proprioceptors, localize to dorsal root ganglia and convey sensations such as pain, temperature, pressure, and limb movement/position. Despite previous reports, to date no protocol is available allowing the generation of all three SN subtypes at high efficiency and purity from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). We describe a chemically defined differentiation protocol that generates all three SN subtypes from the same starting population, as well as methods to enrich for each individual subtype. The protocol yields high efficiency and purity cultures that are electrically active and respond to specific stimuli. We describe their molecular character and maturity stage and provide evidence for their use as an axotomy model; we show disease phenotypes in hPSCs derived from patients with familial dysautonomia. Our protocol will allow the modeling of human disorders affecting SNs, the search for treatments, and the study of human development.
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30
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LaMantia AS. Why Does the Face Predict the Brain? Neural Crest Induction, Craniofacial Morphogenesis, and Neural Circuit Development. Front Physiol 2020; 11:610970. [PMID: 33362582 PMCID: PMC7759552 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.610970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchephalic and rhombencephalic neural crest cells generate the craniofacial skeleton, special sensory organs, and subsets of cranial sensory receptor neurons. They do so while preserving the anterior-posterior (A-P) identity of their neural tube origins. This organizational principle is paralleled by central nervous system circuits that receive and process information from facial structures whose A-P identity is in register with that in the brain. Prior to morphogenesis of the face and its circuits, however, neural crest cells act as "inductive ambassadors" from distinct regions of the neural tube to induce differentiation of target craniofacial domains and establish an initial interface between the brain and face. At every site of bilateral, non-axial secondary induction, neural crest constitutes all or some of the mesenchymal compartment for non-axial mesenchymal/epithelial (M/E) interactions. Thus, for epithelial domains in the craniofacial primordia, aortic arches, limbs, the spinal cord, and the forebrain (Fb), neural crest-derived mesenchymal cells establish local sources of inductive signaling molecules that drive morphogenesis and cellular differentiation. This common mechanism for building brains, faces, limbs, and hearts, A-P axis specified, neural crest-mediated M/E induction, coordinates differentiation of distal structures, peripheral neurons that provide their sensory or autonomic innervation in some cases, and central neural circuits that regulate their behavioral functions. The essential role of this neural crest-mediated mechanism identifies it as a prime target for pathogenesis in a broad range of neurodevelopmental disorders. Thus, the face and the brain "predict" one another, and this mutual developmental relationship provides a key target for disruption by developmental pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony-Samuel LaMantia
- Laboratory of Developmental Disorders and Genetics and Center for Neurobiology Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Tech-Carilion School of Medicine, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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31
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Spector LG, Kochilas L. Major birth defects and cancer. BMJ 2020; 371:m4464. [PMID: 33268333 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m4464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Logan G Spector
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lazaros Kochilas
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
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32
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Kodet O, Kučera J, Strnadová K, Dvořánková B, Štork J, Lacina L, Smetana K. Cutaneous melanoma dissemination is dependent on the malignant cell properties and factors of intercellular crosstalk in the cancer microenvironment (Review). Int J Oncol 2020; 57:619-630. [PMID: 32705148 PMCID: PMC7384852 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma has been steadily increasing worldwide for several decades. This phenomenon seems to follow the trend observed in many types of malignancies caused by multiple significant factors, including ageing. Despite the progress in cutaneous malignant melanoma therapeutic options, the curability of advanced disease after metastasis represents a serious challenge for further research. In this review, we summarise data on the microenvironment of cutaneous malignant melanoma with emphasis on intercellular signalling during the disease progression. Malignant melanocytes with features of neural crest stem cells interact with non‑malignant populations within this microenvironment. We focus on representative bioactive factors regulating this intercellular crosstalk. We describe the possible key factors and signalling cascades responsible for the high complexity of the melanoma microenvironment and its premetastatic niches. Furthermore, we present the concept of melanoma early becoming a systemic disease. This systemic effect is presented as a background for the new horizons in the therapy of cutaneous melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Kodet
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague 2
- Department of Dermatovenereology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 120 00 Prague
- Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec (BIOCEV), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kučera
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague 2
- Department of Dermatovenereology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 120 00 Prague
| | - Karolína Strnadová
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague 2
- Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec (BIOCEV), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Dvořánková
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague 2
- Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec (BIOCEV), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Štork
- Department of Dermatovenereology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 120 00 Prague
| | - Lukáš Lacina
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague 2
- Department of Dermatovenereology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 120 00 Prague
- Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec (BIOCEV), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Smetana
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague 2
- Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec (BIOCEV), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
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Ji Y, Garland MA, Sun B, Zhang S, Reynolds K, McMahon M, Rajakumar R, Islam MS, Liu Y, Chen Y, Zhou CJ. Cellular and developmental basis of orofacial clefts. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:1558-1587. [PMID: 32725806 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During craniofacial development, defective growth and fusion of the upper lip and/or palate can cause orofacial clefts (OFCs), which are among the most common structural birth defects in humans. The developmental basis of OFCs includes morphogenesis of the upper lip, primary palate, secondary palate, and other orofacial structures, each consisting of diverse cell types originating from all three germ layers: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Cranial neural crest cells and orofacial epithelial cells are two major cell types that interact with various cell lineages and play key roles in orofacial development. The cellular basis of OFCs involves defective execution in any one or several of the following processes: neural crest induction, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, primary cilia formation and its signaling transduction, epithelial seam formation and disappearance, periderm formation and peeling, convergence and extrusion of palatal epithelial seam cells, cell adhesion, cytoskeleton dynamics, and extracellular matrix function. The latest cellular and developmental findings may provide a basis for better understanding of the underlying genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and molecular mechanisms of OFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Michael A Garland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Kurt Reynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Moira McMahon
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Ratheya Rajakumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Mohammad S Islam
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Yue Liu
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - YiPing Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Chengji J Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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Hwang JS, Yi HC, Shin YJ. Effect of SOX2 Repression on Corneal Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124397. [PMID: 32575737 PMCID: PMC7352647 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Human corneal endothelial cells (hCECs) pump out water from the stroma and maintain the clarity of the cornea. The sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) participates in differentiation during the development of the anterior segment of the eye and is found in the periphery of wounded corneas. This study was performed to investigate the effect of SOX2 repression on hCECs. Methods: Cultured hCECs were transfected by siRNA for SOX2. The wound healing rate and cell viability were measured. The cell proliferation-associated protein level was evaluated by Western blotting and RT-PCR. The energy production and mitochondrial function were measured, and cell shape and WNT signaling were assessed. Results: Upon transfecting the cultured cells with siRNA for SOX2, the SOX2 level was reduced by 80%. The wound healing rate and viability were also reduced. Additionally, CDK1, cyclin D1, SIRT1, and ATP5B levels were reduced, and CDKN2A and pAMPK levels were increased. Mitochondrial oxidative stress and mitochondrial viability decreased, and the cell shape became elongated. Furthermore, SMAD1, SNAI1, WNT3A, and β-catenin levels were increased. Conclusion: SOX2 repression disrupts the normal metabolism of hCECs through modulating WNT signaling and mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sun Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University College of Medicine, 1, Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24252, Korea; (J.S.H.); (H.C.Y.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Medical Center, 1 Shingil-ro, Youngdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07441, Korea
| | - Ho Chul Yi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University College of Medicine, 1, Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24252, Korea; (J.S.H.); (H.C.Y.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Medical Center, 1 Shingil-ro, Youngdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07441, Korea
| | - Young Joo Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University College of Medicine, 1, Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24252, Korea; (J.S.H.); (H.C.Y.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Medical Center, 1 Shingil-ro, Youngdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07441, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-6960-1240
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miR-6089/MYH9/β-catenin/c-Jun negative feedback loop inhibits ovarian cancer carcinogenesis and progression. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109865. [PMID: 32058212 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of ovarian cancer remains to be elucidated. Our previous study demonstrated that myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9) overexpression was associated with poor prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer. However, the mechanism of MYH9 and its regulation by microRNA (miR) is not clear. The results of the present study demonstrated that miR-6089 was one of the microRNAs targeting MYH9, and miR-6089 overexpression suppressed ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistic studies confirmed that miR-6089 directly targeted MYH9 to inactivate the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway and its downstream epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell-cycle factors and c-Jun, whereas overexpression of MYH9 reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-6089 overexpression in ovarian cancer cells by upregulating the Wnt/β-catenin and its downstream EMT, cell-cycle factors and c-Jun. Interestingly, miR-6089 was transcriptionally inhibited by c-Jun, a transcription factor which could be induced by MYH9 via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Thus miR-6089/MYH9/β-catenin/c-Jun formed a negative feedback loop in ovarian cancer. In clinical samples, miR-6089 negatively correlated with MYH9 expression. Our study is the first to demonstrate that miR-6089 serves as a tumor-suppressive miRNA, and miR-6089/MYH9/β-catenin/c-Jun negative feedback loop inhibits ovarian cancer carcinogenesis and progression.
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