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Santacroce L, Passarelli PC, Azzolino D, Bottalico L, Charitos IA, Cazzolla AP, Colella M, Topi S, Godoy FG, D’Addona A. Oral microbiota in human health and disease: A perspective. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:1288-1301. [PMID: 37688509 PMCID: PMC10625343 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231187645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of medical knowledge about oral microbiota has increased awareness of its important role for the entire human body health. A wide range of microbial species colonizing the oral cavity interact both with each other and with their host through complex pathways. Usually, these interactions lead to a harmonious coexistence (i.e. eubiosis). However, several factors - including diet, poor oral hygiene, tobacco smoking, and certain medications, among others - can disrupt this weak homeostatic balance (i.e. dysbiosis) with potential implications on both oral (i.e. development of caries and periodontal disease) and systemic health. This article is thus aimed at providing an overview on the importance of oral microbiota in mediating several physiological and pathological conditions affecting human health. In this context, strategies based on oral hygiene and diet as well as the role of probiotics supplementation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Santacroce
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Bari, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Pier Carmine Passarelli
- Department of Head, Neck and Sense Organs, Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Domenico Azzolino
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, University of Elbasan “A. Xhuvani,” Elbasan 3001, Albania
| | - Ioannis Alexandros Charitos
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, University of Elbasan “A. Xhuvani,” Elbasan 3001, Albania
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Institute of Bari, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Angela Pia Cazzolla
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Riuniti University Hospital of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Marica Colella
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Bari, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Skender Topi
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, University of Elbasan “A. Xhuvani,” Elbasan 3001, Albania
| | - Franklin Garcia Godoy
- Bioscience Research Center, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Surgery, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Antonio D’Addona
- Department of Head, Neck and Sense Organs, Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
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Shang J, Liu H, Zheng Y, Zhang Z. Role of oxidative stress in the relationship between periodontitis and systemic diseases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1210449. [PMID: 37501927 PMCID: PMC10369007 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1210449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common inflammatory disease. It is characterized by destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth and could lead to tooth loss and systemic inflammation. Bacteria in inflamed gingival tissue and virulence factors are capable of entering the bloodstream to induce systemic inflammatory response, thus influencing the pathological process of many diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, as well as liver injury. An increasing body of evidence show the complex interplay between oxidative stress and inflammation in disease pathogenesis. When periodontitis occurs, increased reactive oxygen species accumulation leads to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress contributes to major cellular components damage, including DNA, proteins, and lipids. In this article, the focus will be on oxidative stress in periodontal disease, the relationship between periodontitis and systemic inflammation, and the impact of periodontal therapy on oxidative stress parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Shang
- Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, China
| | - Youli Zheng
- The School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, China
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Sáenz-Ravello G, Matamala L, Cisternas P, Gamonal J, Hernández P, Santos NCD, Deng K, Baeza M. Association between the Mediterranean Diet Index and self-reported Gingival Health Status Indicators in a population of Chilean adults: a cross-sectional study. J Appl Oral Sci 2023; 31:e20230100. [PMID: 37403879 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2023-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the recognized impact of diet on non-communicable diseases, the association between the Mediterranean diet and periodontal diseases is still uncertain. This study aimed to determine the association between adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Index (MDI) and self-reported gingival health status in Chilean adults, exploring the feasibility of using validated web-based survey questionnaires. METHODOLOGY Cross-sectional data were collected from a representative sample of a population of Chilean adults (18-60 years old) using a low-cost and time-saving methodology. By the PsyToolkit platform, anonymous survey data were downloaded and analyzed in bivariate (crude) and backward stepwise selection multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic determinants, smoking, and dental attendance using STATA 17. Odds ratios (OR) [95% confidence intervals] were estimated. RESULTS In total, 351 complete statistical data were mostly obtained from female university students who had never smoked and reported having visited a dentist in the previous year. Multivariate regression models showed an association between MDI and very good/good gingival health status (OR 1.18 [95% CI 1.04-1.34], p=0.013), absence of bleeding on toothbrushing (OR 1.12 [95% CI 1.01-1.25], p=0.035), and absence of clinical signs of gingival inflammation (OR 1.24 [95% CI 1.10-1.40], p<0.001), after controlling for age, sex, educational level, smoking, and dental attendance. CONCLUSIONS We associated adherence to the Mediterranean diet with better self-reported gingival health status in a population of Chilean adults in an entirely web-based research environment. Longitudinal studies with random sampling are required to establish the effect of diet on gingival and periodontal health. Nevertheless, this evidence could contribute to the design of low-cost surveillance programs to reduce the burden of periodontal disease and related "common risk factors".
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Sáenz-Ravello
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Epidemiologia y Vigilancia de las Enfermedades Orales (CEVEO), Santiago, Chile
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Odontología, Departmento de Odontología Conservadora, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Odontología, Santiago, Chile
| | - Loreto Matamala
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Odontología, Departmento de Odontología Conservadora, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Odontología, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Jorge Gamonal
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Epidemiologia y Vigilancia de las Enfermedades Orales (CEVEO), Santiago, Chile
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Odontología, Departmento de Odontología Conservadora, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Odontología, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Hernández
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Odontología, Departmento de Odontología Conservadora, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Odontología, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nidia Castro Dos Santos
- Universidade Guarulhos, Divisão de Pesquisa Odontológica, Guarulhos, SP, Brasil
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ke Deng
- The University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mauricio Baeza
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Epidemiologia y Vigilancia de las Enfermedades Orales (CEVEO), Santiago, Chile
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Odontología, Departmento de Odontología Conservadora, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Odontología, Santiago, Chile
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Jiaxin H, Zhu C, Jing Y, Qianhui S, Fuqian J, Qiyuan P, Yi L, Jukun S. Plasma elaidic acid level is associated with periodontal health in American adults: A cross-sectional study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1034841. [PMID: 36570162 PMCID: PMC9773206 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1034841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whether there is an association between TFAs and periodontitis is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between moderate/severe periodontitis and plasma level of elaidic acid, a major trans-fatty acid component, in American adults. Methods The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) years 2009-2010 were used to screen a total of 1,610 people. The independent variable of interest is plasma elaidic acid level, the dependent variable is periodontitis, and the covariates include socio-demographic variables, lifestyle variables, systemic diseases, etc. The distribution of variables in the covariate differences between the different independent groups according to tertile was investigated using a multiple linear regression model. To examine the association between plasma elaidic acid levels and moderate/severe periodontitis, three models were used. Results Multiple logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between plasma elaidic acid level and moderate/severe periodontitis after adjustment for potential confounders (OR = 1.021, 95%CI: 1.004-1.039, P = 0.01394). Subjects with the highest tertile of plasma elaidic acid levels were 51.9% more likely to have periodontitis compared with subjects with the lowest tertile of plasma elaidic acid levels (OR = 1.519, 95% CI: 1.136-2.030, P = 0.00477). No possible sources of heterogeneity were identified in the subgroup analyses. Conclusion Plasma elaidic acid levels are associated with periodontal disease in American adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Jiaxin
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China,School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yang Jing
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shi Qianhui
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jin Fuqian
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China,School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Pang Qiyuan
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Luo Yi
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China,School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,*Correspondence: Luo Yi,
| | - Song Jukun
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital and Stomatology of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China,Song Jukun,
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Association between Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and Periodontal Bacteria: A Clinical Pilot Study. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060833. [PMID: 35740958 PMCID: PMC9221517 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by microorganisms involving the supporting tissues of the teeth. Gene variants may influence both the composition of the biofilm in the oral cavity and the host response. The objective of the study was to investigate the potential correlations between the disease susceptibility, the presence and the quantity of periodontopathogenic oral bacterial composition and the VDR gene polymorphisms. Methods: Fifty (50) unrelated periodontal patients and forty-one (41) healthy controls were selected for genomic DNA extraction. DNA concentration was measured and analyzed. The periodontopathogenic bacterial species were identified and quantified using a Real Time PCR performed with species-specific primers and probes. Results: Genotype distribution showed a different distribution between the groups for BsmI rs1544410 genotypes (p = 0.0001) with a prevalence of the G(b) allele in periodontal patients (p = 0.0003). Statistical significance was also found for VDR TaqI rs731236 (p ≤ 0.00001) with a prevalence of the T(T) allele in periodontal patients (p ≤ 0.00001). The average bacterial copy count for the periodontitis group was significantly higher than that of control group. Dividing patients into two groups based on high or low bacterial load, FokI rs2228570 T allele (f) was statistically more represented in patients with high bacterial load. Conclusions: The findings of the study suggest the involvement of the VDR gene BsmI and TaqI polymorphisms in periodontal disease, while FokI and BsmI may be involved in determining an increased presence of periodontopathogens.
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