1
|
Zhao Y, Li P, Wang X, Wu Y, Liu L, Zhao R. A novel pectin polysaccharide from vinegar-baked Radix Bupleuri absorbed by microfold cells in the form of nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131096. [PMID: 38522695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides of vinegar-baked Radix Bupleuri (VBCP) have been reported to exhibit liver-targeting and immunomodulatory activities through oral administration, but the absorption behavior and mechanism of VBCPs have not been extensively studied. In this study, a novel HG type pectin polysaccharide, VBCP1-4, with a high molecular weight of 2.94 × 106 Da, was separated from VBCP. VBCP1-4 backbone was contained 1,4-α-D-GalpA, 1,4-α-D-GalpA6OMe, 1,3,4-α-D-GalpA and 1,2,4-α-D-Rhap. The branches were mainly contained 1,5-α-L-Araf, 1,3,5-α-L-Araf, t-α-L-Araf and t-α-D-Galp, which linked to the 3 position of 1,3,4-α-D-GalpA and the 4 position of 1,2,4-α-D-Rhap. VBCP1-4 could self-assemble to nanoparticles in water, with CMC values of 106.41 μg/mL, particle sizes of 178.20 ± 2.82 nm and zeta potentials of -23.19 ± 1.44 mV. The pharmacokinetic study of VBCP1-4, which detected by marking with FITC, revealed that it could be partially absorbed into the body through Peyer's patches of the ileum. In vitro absorption study demonstrated that VBCP1-4 was difficult to be absorbed by Caco-2 cell monolayer, but could be absorbed by M cells in a time and concentration dependent manner. The absorption mechanism was elucidated that VBCP1-4 entered M cells through clathrin-mediated endocytosis in the form of nanoparticles. These findings provide valuable insights into the absorption behavior of VBCP and contribute to its further development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yayun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Neihuan Xilu, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruizhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampaness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Neihuan Xilu, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mohammadzadeh M, Zarei M, Abbasi H, Webster TJ, Beheshtizadeh N. Promoting osteogenesis and bone regeneration employing icariin-loaded nanoplatforms. J Biol Eng 2024; 18:29. [PMID: 38649969 PMCID: PMC11036660 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-024-00425-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing demand for innovative strategies that effectively promote osteogenesis and enhance bone regeneration. The critical process of bone regeneration involves the transformation of mesenchymal stromal cells into osteoblasts and the subsequent mineralization of the extracellular matrix, making up the complex mechanism of osteogenesis. Icariin's diverse pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and osteogenic effects, have attracted considerable attention in biomedical research. Icariin, known for its ability to stimulate bone formation, has been found to encourage the transformation of mesenchymal stromal cells into osteoblasts and improve the subsequent process of mineralization. Several studies have demonstrated the osteogenic effects of icariin, which can be attributed to its hormone-like function. It has been found to induce the expression of BMP-2 and BMP-4 mRNAs in osteoblasts and significantly upregulate Osx at low doses. Additionally, icariin promotes bone formation by stimulating the expression of pre-osteoblastic genes like Osx, RUNX2, and collagen type I. However, icariin needs to be effectively delivered to bone to perform such promising functions.Encapsulating icariin within nanoplatforms holds significant promise for promoting osteogenesis and bone regeneration through a range of intricate biological effects. When encapsulated in nanofibers or nanoparticles, icariin exerts its effects directly at the cellular level. Recalling that inflammation is a critical factor influencing bone regeneration, icariin's anti-inflammatory effects can be harnessed and amplified when encapsulated in nanoplatforms. Also, while cell adhesion and cell migration are pivotal stages of tissue regeneration, icariin-loaded nanoplatforms contribute to these processes by providing a supportive matrix for cellular attachment and movement. This review comprehensively discusses icariin-loaded nanoplatforms used for bone regeneration and osteogenesis, further presenting where the field needs to go before icariin can be used clinically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Zarei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Abbasi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, 48128, USA
| | - Thomas J Webster
- School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- School of Engineering, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Program in Materials Science, UFPI, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Nima Beheshtizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang L, Yin X, Liu H, Wang Y, Li Z, Zhao Y, Xu H, Huang C, Diao X. Development and validation of a sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the assay of 12 substances in rat plasma and its application to rat pharmacokinetics of Epimedium and Psoraleae Fructus herb pair after oral administration. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300786. [PMID: 38234027 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Epimedium (EM) and Psoraleae Fructus (PF) are a traditional herb combination often used as a fixed form to treat osteoporosis disease in the clinic. However, the intricate interactions of this pair remain unknown. In our study, we undertook a comprehensive examination of their compatibility behaviors. Concurrently, a precise and sensitive quantitation method was successfully developed and validated using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of 12 components. This method was applied in analyzing herbal extracts and biological samples (both in the portal vein and systemic plasma), which was also used to study the pharmacokinetics of the herb pair. The results indicated that the combination of EM and PF enhanced the dissolution of chemical components from PF in extracts, but it had a negligible influence on the contents of the components from EM. On the contrary, the in vivo exposure of the lowly exposed EM flavonoids significantly increased following the combination of EM and PF, whereas the highly exposed psoralen and isopsoralen were greatly reduced. These interactions might be crucial for the synergy and toxicity reduction of the herbal pair in disease treatment, which pave the way for further exploration into the clinical application and pharmacological mechanisms of EM and PF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Yin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Drug ability of Cardiovascular noncoding RNA, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixiong Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenggang Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingxing Diao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- XenoFinder Co. Ltd, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ta W, Yang X, Wang J, Han C, Hua R, Lu W. Comparison of intestinal absorption characteristics between rhubarb traditional Chinese medicine preparation and activity ingredients using in situ and in vitro model. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2023; 15:117-122. [PMID: 36875442 PMCID: PMC9975633 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The intestinal absorption characteristics of active ingredients are very important for oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. However, a deeper understanding about active ingredients absorption characteristics is still lack. The aim of this study was to investigate the absorption properties and mechanism of rhubarb active ingredients in TCM preparation and pure form. Methods The intestinal absorption behavior of active ingredients in Shenkang extract (SKE) and rhubarb anthraquinone ingredients (RAI) were investigated by in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion model. And the bidirectional transport characteristics of these active ingredients were assessed by in vitro Caco-2 cell monolayer model. Results In situ experiment on Sprague-Dawley rats, the effective permeability coefficient values of aloe-emodin, emodin and chrysophanol in RAI were higher than those in SKE, and the value of rhein in RAI was lower than that in SKE. But the easily absorbed segments of intestine were consistent for all ingredients, whether in SKE or in RAI. In vitro experiment, the apparent permeability coefficient values of rhein, emodin and chrysophanol in RAI were higher than those in SKE, and this value of aloe-emodin in RAI was lower than that in SKE. But their efflux ratio (ER) values in SKE and RAI were all similar. Conclusion Four rhubarb anthraquinone ingredients in SKE and RAI have similar absorption mechanism and different absorption behavior, and the microenvironment of the study models influenced their absorption behavior. The results may provide an aid for understanding of the absorption characteristics of the TCM active ingredients in complex environments and the complementarities of different research models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Ta
- Health Science Center, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Shaanxi Regional Center, National Anti-Drug Laboratory, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Health Science Center, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Chengkun Han
- Health Science Center, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ruochen Hua
- Health Science Center, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Wen Lu
- Health Science Center, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sun X, Tang S, Hou B, Duan Z, Liu Z, Li Y, He S, Wang Q, Chang Q. Overexpression of P-glycoprotein, MRP2, and CYP3A4 impairs intestinal absorption of octreotide in rats with portal hypertension. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:2. [PMID: 33407159 PMCID: PMC7789354 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01532-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Portal hypertension (PH) is the main cause of complications and death in liver cirrhosis. The effect of oral administration of octreotide (OCT), a drug that reduces PH by the constriction of mesenteric arteries, is limited by a remarkable intestinal first-pass elimination.
Methods The bile duct ligation (BDL) was used in rats to induce liver cirrhosis with PH to examine the kinetics and molecular factors such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) and cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) influencing the intestinal OCT absorption via in situ and in vitro experiments on jejunal segments, transportation experiments on Caco-2 cells and experiments using intestinal microsomes and recombinant human CYP3A4. Moreover, RT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry were performed. Results Both in situ and in vitro experiments in jejunal segments showed that intestinal OCT absorption in both control and PH rats was largely controlled by P-gp and, to a lesser extent, by MRP2. OCT transport mediated by P-gp and MRP2 was demonstrated on Caco-2 cells. The results of RT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry suggested that impaired OCT absorption in PH was in part due to the jejunal upregulation of these two transporters. The use of intestinal microsomes and recombinant human CYP3A4 revealed that CYP3A4 metabolized OCT, and its upregulation in PH likely contributed to impaired drug absorption. Conclusions Inhibition of P-gp, MRP2, and CYP3A4 might represent a valid option for decreasing intestinal first-pass effects on orally administered OCT, thereby increasing its bioavailability to alleviate PH in patients with cirrhosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 0086-116011, China
| | - Shunxiong Tang
- Department of Invasive Technology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Binbin Hou
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhijun Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 0086-116011, China.
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 0086-116011, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Hospital of Chinese Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Cancer Institute and Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Shoucheng He
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 0086-116011, China
| | - Qiuming Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 0086-116011, China
| | - Qingyong Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu R, Zhu H, Hu L, Yu B, Zhan X, Yuan Y, Zhou P. Characterization of the intestinal absorption of morroniside from Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc via a Caco-2 cell monolayer model. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227844. [PMID: 32470043 PMCID: PMC7259638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Morroniside is a biologically active polyphenol found in Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc (CO) that exhibits a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, such as protecting nerves, and preventing diabetic liver damage and renal damage. However, little data are available regarding the mechanism of its intestinal absorption. Here, an in vitro human intestinal epithelial cell model of cultured Caco-2 cells was applied to study the absorption and transport of morroniside. The effects of donor concentration, pH and inhibitors were investigated. The bidirectional permeability of morroniside from the apical (AP) to the basolateral (BL) side and in the reverse direction was studied. When administered at three tested concentrations (5, 25 and 100 μM), the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) values in the AP-to-BL direction ranged from 1.59 × 10-6 to 2.66 × 10-6 cm/s. In the reverse direction, BL-to-AP, the value was ranged from 2.67 × 10-6 to 4.10 × 10-6 cm/s. The data indicated that morroniside transport was pH-dependent. The permeability of morroniside was affected by treatment with various inhibitors, such as multidrug resistance protein inhibitors MK571 and indomethacin, as well as the breast cancer resistance protein inhibitor apigenin. The mechanisms of the intestinal absorption of morroniside may involve multiple transport pathways, such as the passive diffusion and efflux protein-mediated active transport especially involving multidrug resistance protein 2 and breast cancer resistance protein. After the addition of CO, the Papp values in the AP-to-BL direction increased significantly, therefore, it can be assumed that some ingredients in the CO promote morroniside absorption in the small intestine.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/genetics
- Caco-2 Cells
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cornus/chemistry
- Epithelial Cells/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Glycosides/pharmacology
- Humans
- Indomethacin/pharmacology
- Intestinal Absorption/drug effects
- Intestinal Absorption/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Permeability/drug effects
- Propionates/pharmacology
- Quinolines/pharmacology
- ATP-Binding Cassette Sub-Family B Member 4
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Xu
- Department of Clinical pharmacy, Shaoxing Women and Children’s Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongdan Zhu
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Shaoxing Women and Children’s Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingmin Hu
- Department of Laboratory, Shaoxing Seventh People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Beimeng Yu
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Shaoxing Women and Children’s Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhan
- The Third Maternal wards, Shaoxing Women and Children’s Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yichu Yuan
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Clinical pharmacy, Shaoxing Women and Children’s Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Synergistic Mechanisms of Constituents in Herbal Extracts during Intestinal Absorption: Focus on Natural Occurring Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12020128. [PMID: 32028739 PMCID: PMC7076514 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The systematic separation strategy has long and widely been applied in the research and development of herbal medicines. However, the pharmacological effects of many bioactive constituents are much weaker than those of the corresponding herbal extracts. Thus, there is a consensus that purer herbal extracts are sometimes less effective. Pharmacological loss of purified constituents is closely associated with their significantly reduced intestinal absorption after oral administration. In this review, pharmacokinetic synergies among constituents in herbal extracts during intestinal absorption were systematically summarized to broaden the general understanding of the pharmaceutical nature of herbal medicines. Briefly, some coexisting constituents including plant-produced primary and secondary metabolites, promote the intestinal absorption of active constituents by improving solubility, inhibiting first-pass elimination mediated by drug-metabolizing enzymes or drug transporters, increasing the membrane permeability of enterocytes, and reversibly opening the paracellular tight junction between enterocytes. Moreover, some coexisting constituents change the forms of bioactive constituents via mechanisms including the formation of natural nanoparticles. This review will focus on explaining this new synergistic mechanism. Thus, herbal extracts can be considered mixtures of bioactive compounds and pharmacokinetic synergists. This review may provide ideas and strategies for further research and development of herbal medicines.
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu C, Li R, Peng J, Qu D, Huang M, Chen Y. Enhanced hydrolysis and antitumor efficacy of Epimedium flavonoids mediated by immobilized snailase on silica. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
9
|
Huang X, Wang X, Zhang Y, Shen L, Wang N, Xiong X, Zhang L, Cai X, Shou D. Absorption and utilisation of epimedin C and icariin from Epimedii herba, and the regulatory mechanism via the BMP2/ Runx2 signalling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
|
10
|
Xu R, Peng Y, Wang M, Li X. Intestinal Absorption of Isoalantolactone and Alantolactone, Two Sesquiterpene Lactones from Radix Inulae, Using Caco-2 Cells. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2019; 44:295-303. [PMID: 30209793 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-018-0510-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoalantolactone and alantolactone are the main sesquiterpene lactones in Radix Inulae (dried root of Inula helenium L. or I. racemosa Hook. F.), which is a frequently utilized herbal medicine. They also occur in several plants and have various pharmacologic effects. However, they have been found to have poor oral bioavailability in rats. OBJECTIVES To understand the intestinal absorptive characteristics of isoalantolactone and alantolactone as well specific influx and efflux transporters in their absorption. METHODS Bidirectional permeabilities of isoalantolactone and alantolactone were investigated across Caco-2 cell monolayers. Transport assays were performed using different concentrations of two lactones and specific inhibitors of ATP-binding cassette transporters and influx transporters. RESULTS The absorption permeability of isoalantolactone and alantolactone was high at the tested concentrations (5, 20 and 80 μmol/l), and the major permeation mechanism of both lactones was found to be passive diffusion with active efflux mediated by multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that the absorption permeability of isoalantolactone and alantolactone was good in the Caco-2 cell model. The isoalantolactone and alantolactone absorption elucidated in this study provides useful information for further pharmacokinetics studies. Since low intestinal absorption can now be ruled out as a cause, further studies are needed to explain the low oral bioavailability of the two sesquiterpene lactones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang X, Cheng X, Wu Y, Feng D, Qian Y, Chen L, Yang B, Gu M. In Vitro and In Situ Characterization of the Intestinal Absorption of Capilliposide B and Capilliposide C from Lysimachia capillipes Hemsl. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071227. [PMID: 30925820 PMCID: PMC6479817 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this investigation was to determine the processes and mechanism of intestinal absorption for capilliposide B (CAPB) and capilliposide C (CAPC) from the Chinese herb, Lysimachia capillipes Hemsl. An analysis of basic parameters, such as drug concentrations, time, and behavior in different intestinal segments was analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The susceptibility of CAPB and CAPC to various inhibitors such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor (verapamil); multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) inhibitor (indomethacin); cytochrome P450 protein 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibitor (ketoconazole); and the co-inhibitor of P-gp, MRP2 and CYP3A4 (cyclosporine A) were assessed using both caco-2 cell monolayer and single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) models. As a result, CAPB and CAPC are both poorly absorbed in the intestines and exhibited segment-dependent permeability. The intestinal permeability of CAPB and CAPC were significantly increased by the co-treatment of verapamil, indomethacin. In addition, the intestinal permeability of CAPB was also enhanced by ketoconazole and cyclosporine A. It can be concluded that the intestinal absorption mechanisms of CAPB and CAPC involve processes such as facilitated passive diffusion, efflux transporters, and enzyme-mediated metabolism. Both CAPB and CAPC are suggested to be substrates of P-gp and MRP2. However, CAPB may interact with the CYP3A4 system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311402, China.
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Huzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China.
| | - Yali Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311402, China.
| | - Di Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311402, China.
| | - Yifan Qian
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311402, China.
| | - Liping Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311402, China.
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311402, China.
| | - Mancang Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311402, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen L, Lu X, Liang X, Hong D, Guan Z, Guan Y, Zhu W. Mechanistic studies of the transport of peimine in the Caco-2 cell model. Acta Pharm Sin B 2016; 6:125-31. [PMID: 27006896 PMCID: PMC4788709 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for its expectorant, antitussive, antiinflammatory and analgesic properties. Moreover, modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that F. thunbergii Miq. has efficacy in the treatment of leukemia and cancers of the liver and cervix. Although the alkaloid, peimine, is largely responsible for these pharmacological effects, it has very low oral bioavailability. The aim of this study was to investigate the intestinal absorption of peimine in Caco-2 cell monolayers. Having demonstrated that peimine is non-toxic to Caco-2 cells at concentrations <200 μmol/L, the effect of peimine concentration, pH, temperature, efflux transport protein inhibitors and EDTA-Na2 on peimine transport were studied. The results show that peimine transport is concentration-dependent; that at pH 6.0 and 7.4, the Papp(AP-BL) of peimine is not significantly different but the Papp(BL-AP)) is; that both Papp(AP-BL) and Papp(BL-AP) at 4 °C are significantly higher than their corresponding values at 37 °C; that the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitors, verapamil and cyclosporin A, increase absorption of peimine; and that EDTA-Na2 has no discernible effect. In summary, the results demonstrate that the intestinal absorption of peimine across Caco-2 cell monolayers involves active transport and that peimine is a substrate of P-gp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Chen
- Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +86 791 87118658.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jiang J, Zhao BJ, Song J, Jia XB. Pharmacology and Clinical Application of Plants in Epimedium L. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1674-6384(16)60003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
|
14
|
Zhou J, Ma YH, Zhou Z, Chen Y, Wang Y, Gao X. Intestinal Absorption and Metabolism of Epimedium Flavonoids in Osteoporosis Rats. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:1590-600. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.064386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
|
15
|
Wang C, Wu C, Zhang J, Jin Y. Systematic considerations for a multicomponent pharmacokinetic study of Epimedii wushanensis herba: From method establishment to pharmacokinetic marker selection. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 22:487-497. [PMID: 25925971 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenylflavonoids are major active components of Epimedii wushanensis herba (EWH). The global pharmacokinetics of prenylflavonoids are unclear, as these compounds yield multiple, often unidentified metabolites. PURPOSE This study successfully elucidated the pharmacokinetic profiles of EWH extract and five EWH-derived prenylflavonoid monomers in rats. STUDY DESIGN The study was a comprehensive analysis of metabolic pathways and pharmacokinetic markers. METHODS Major plasma compounds identified after oral administration of EWH-derived prototypes or extract included: (1) prenylflavonoid prototypes, (2) deglycosylated products, and (3) glucuronide conjugates. To select appropriate EWH-derived pharmacokinetic markers, a high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was established to simultaneously monitor 14 major compounds in unhydrolyzed plasma and 10 potential pharmacokinetic markers in hydrolyzed plasma. RESULTS The pharmacokinetic profiles indicated that the glucuronide conjugates of icaritin were the principle circulating metabolites and that total icaritin accounted for ∼99% of prenylflavonoid exposure after administration of EWH-derived materials to rats. To further investigate icaritin as a prospective pharmacokinetic marker, correlation analysis was performed between total icaritin and its glucuronide conjugates, and a strong correlation (r > 0.5) was found, indicating that total icaritin content accurately reflected changes in the exposure levels of the glucuronide conjugates over time. Therefore, icaritin is a sufficient pharmacokinetic marker for evaluating dynamic prenylflavonoid exposure levels. Next, a mathematical model was developed based on the prenylflavonoid content of EWH and the exposure levels in rats, using icaritin as the pharmacokinetic marker. This model accurately predicted exposure levels in vivo, with similar predicted vs. experimental area under the curve (AUC)(0-96 h) values for total icaritin (24.1 vs. 32.0 mg/L h). CONCLUSION Icaritin in hydrolyzed plasma can be used as a pharmacokinetic marker to reflect prenylflavonoid exposure levels, as well as the changes over time of its glucuronide conjugates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Caisheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Jinlan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China.
| | - Ying Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
The antiosteoporotic activity of central-icaritin (CIT) on bone metabolism of ovariectomized rats. Molecules 2014; 19:18690-704. [PMID: 25405287 PMCID: PMC6271928 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191118690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Central-icaritin (CIT) is a flavonoid aglycone first discovered in our laboratory, which is an isomeric aglycone of icaritin (IT). We wanted to know whether CIT also had anti-osteoporosis activity. In this study, CIT was investigated in an ovariectomized rat (OVX) model. Fifty-six 6-month old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to sham operated group (Sham) and six OVX subgroups (n = 8 each). The OVX rats were then subdivided into six groups treated with vehicle (OVX), icaritin (IT, 40 mg/kg body weight/day), estradiol valerate (EV, 100 μg/kg body weight/day) or CIT (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg body weight/day) for 12 weeks, respectively. Then, the serum biochemical parameters, bone mineral density (BMD), bone biomechanical properties, bone microarchitecture, bone immunohistochemistry and related protein and gene expressions were evaluated. In OVX rats, the increases of body weight, HOP, AKP, and TRACP5b levels, and the decreases of uterus wet weight, femurs weight, BMD, serum OPG/RANKL and OCN were significantly inhibited by CIT treatment. Micro-CT analysis results showed that CIT apparently enhanced trabecular bone compared with the OVX group (p < 0.05). Total femur BMD and biomechanical strength of tibia were significantly improved (p < 0.05) after 12 weeks of CIT administration. In addition, the CIT administration also significantly enhanced the OPG expression, whereas reduced the RANKL expression in femurs according to RT-PCR, western blot assays and immunohistochemical evaluation. CIT had the antiosteoporotic activity, and its antiosteoporotic effects in OVX rats may be stronger than that of IT.
Collapse
|