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Badaeva ED, Keilwagen J, Knüpffer H, Waßermann L, Dedkova OS, Mitrofanova OP, Kovaleva ON, Liapunova OA, Pukhalskiy VA, Özkan H, Graner A, Willcox G, Kilian B. Chromosomal passports provide new insights into diffusion of emmer wheat. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128556. [PMID: 26024381 PMCID: PMC4449015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Emmer wheat, Triticum dicoccon schrank (syn. T. dicoccum (schrank) schÜbl.), is one of the earliest domesticated crops, harboring a wide range of genetic diversity and agronomically valuable traits. The crop, however, is currently largely neglected. We provide a wealth of karyotypic information from a comprehensive collection of emmer wheat and related taxa. In addition to C-banding polymorphisms, we identified 43 variants of chromosomal rearrangements in T. dicoccon; among them 26 (60.4%) were novel. The T7A:5B translocation was most abundant in Western Europe and the Mediterranean. The plant genetic resources investigated here might become important in the future for wheat improvement. Based on cluster analysis four major karyotypic groups were discriminated within the T. dicoccon genepool, each harboring characteristic C-banding patterns and translocation spectra: the balkan, asian, european and ethiopian groups. We postulate four major diffusion routes of the crop and discuss their migration out of the Fertile Crescent considering latest archaeobotanical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina D. Badaeva
- N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina street 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Jens Keilwagen
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Erwin-Baur-Straße 27, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Helmut Knüpffer
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse 3, D-06466 Stadt Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Louise Waßermann
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Erwin-Baur-Straße 27, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Olga S. Dedkova
- N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina street 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Olga P. Mitrofanova
- N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry (VIR), Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Bolshaya Morskaya street 44, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia
| | - Olga N. Kovaleva
- N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry (VIR), Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Bolshaya Morskaya street 44, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia
| | - Olga A. Liapunova
- N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry (VIR), Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Bolshaya Morskaya street 44, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia
| | - Vitaly A. Pukhalskiy
- N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina street 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Hakan Özkan
- University of Cukurova, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops. 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Andreas Graner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse 3, D-06466 Stadt Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - George Willcox
- Archéorient CNRS UMR 5133, Université de Lyon II, Antenne d’Archéorient, Jalés, Berrias, F-07460 St-Paul-le-Jeune, France
| | - Benjamin Kilian
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse 3, D-06466 Stadt Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
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Were Upper Pleistocene human/non-human predator occupations at the Témara caves (El Harhoura 2 and El Mnasra, Morocco) influenced by climate change? J Hum Evol 2014; 78:122-43. [PMID: 25281232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The influence of climate change on human settlements in coastal areas is a central question for archaeologists. This paper addresses this issue by focusing on the Témara region in Morocco. The study area was selected for two main reasons. First, it contains numerous caves with Upper Pleistocene deposits, which have yielded remains of anatomically modern humans in association with Aterian and Iberomaurusian artifacts. Second, these caves are currently located on the shore, thus this region is particularly sensitive to major climate change and sea level fluctuations. Diachronic taphonomic study of faunal remains from two sites in the region, El Harhoura 2 and El Mnasra caves, shows alternating human/non-human predator occupations. The lower layers of El Mnasra Cave dating to Oxygen Isotope Stage (OIS) 5 have yielded diverse ungulate remains with significant anthropogenic impact marks, together with numerous mollusk shells, Nassarius shell beads, hearths, lithics, some bone tools and used pigments. Faunal remains from the upper layers dating to OIS 4, 3 and 2 of El Harhoura 2 and El Mnasra caves, largely dominated by gazelles, provide evidence of carnivore activities, such as tooth marks, numerous semi-digested bones and coprolites alongside some anthropogenic signatures (cut marks and burnt bones). Non-human predators appear to be the main agents responsible for faunal modifications and accumulations. The 'non-intensive' nature of human occupation is confirmed by analyses of the lithic industry at El Harhoura 2. The 'intensive' human occupations date to OIS 5 and could have taken place during wet periods in connection with high sea levels, which allowed the exploitation of shellfish in this area. 'Non-intensive' human occupations generally correspond to arid periods and lower sea levels, during which the Témara area was further inland and may have been less attractive to humans.
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Stoetzel E, Denys C, Michaux J, Renaud S. Musin Morocco: a Quaternary sequence of intraspecific evolution. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Stoetzel
- Département de Préhistoire; Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle; UMR 7194 CNRS; Paris; France
| | - Christiane Denys
- Département Systématique et Evolution; Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle; UMR 7205 CNRS; Paris; France
| | - Jacques Michaux
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution; UMR 5554 CNRS, Université Montpellier 2; Montpellier; France
| | - Sabrina Renaud
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive; UMR 5558 CNRS, Université Lyon 1; Villeurbanne; France
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Delplancke M, Alvarez N, Benoit L, Espíndola A, I Joly H, Neuenschwander S, Arrigo N. Evolutionary history of almond tree domestication in the Mediterranean basin. Mol Ecol 2012. [PMID: 23189975 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Genetic diversity of contemporary domesticated species is shaped by both natural and human-driven processes. However, until now, little is known about how domestication has imprinted the variation of fruit tree species. In this study, we reconstruct the recent evolutionary history of the domesticated almond tree, Prunus dulcis, around the Mediterranean basin, using a combination of nuclear and chloroplast microsatellites [i.e. simple sequence repeat (SSRs)] to investigate patterns of genetic diversity. Whereas conservative chloroplast SSRs show a widespread haplotype and rare locally distributed variants, nuclear SSRs show a pattern of isolation by distance with clines of diversity from the East to the West of the Mediterranean basin, while Bayesian genetic clustering reveals a substantial longitudinal genetic structure. Both kinds of markers thus support a single domestication event, in the eastern side of the Mediterranean basin. In addition, model-based estimation of the timing of genetic divergence among those clusters is estimated sometime during the Holocene, a result that is compatible with human-mediated dispersal of almond tree out of its centre of origin. Still, the detection of region-specific alleles suggests that gene flow from relictual wild preglacial populations (in North Africa) or from wild counterparts (in the Near East) could account for a fraction of the diversity observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Delplancke
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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